Assignment 2 Internet of Things (1690 Distinction)

Học phần này giới thiệu cho sinh viên nền tảng kỹ thuật và kiến trúc của hệ sinh thái IoT, nền tảng và khuôn khổ trong thiết kế hệ thống IoT, khuyến khích trải nghiệm thực hành với thực hành trong phòng thí nghiệm và lập trình ứng dụng IoT

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things

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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice

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Contents

TASK 1 DEVELOP IOT APPLICATION 4

I Development of IoT application (P5) 4

1.1 Selection of tools, frameworks¸ and devices 4

1.2 Solution development 6

II Testing and feedback (P6) 7

2.1 Testing result 7

2.2 Examination of Feedback 9

III Analysis and improvement plan (M5) 10

3.1 Advantages and disadvantages 10

3.2 Improving disadvantages 10

3.3 Improvement plan 11

IV Critical evaluation security risks (D3) 11

4.1 RFID Security Risks 11

4.2 Simple solutions 12

TASK 2 TEST AND EVALUATE USER FEEDBACK 13

I Run IoT Application and Gather Feedback (P7) 13

1.1 How my IoT meet the requirements 13

1.2 Feasibility 13

1.3 Possibility of Commercialization 14

1.4 Ability of improvement 14

II Critical Review and Comparison (M6) 15

2.1 Success 15

2.2 Challenges 15

2.3 Learned Lessons 15

III Critique the overall success of the application (D4) 16

3.1 Problem resolution 16

3.2 Potential 16

3.3 Integration Challenges into the Wider IoT Ecosystem 16

TABLE OF FIGURES 17

TASK 1 DEVELOP IOT APPLICATION

I Development of IoT application (P5)

1.1 Selection of tools, frameworks¸ and devices

In developing my IoT application, the selection of appropriate tools and frameworks plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient coding, seamless integration, and reliable performance The following tools and frameworks have been carefully chosen based on their compatibility with my hardware

components and the specific requirements of the project

Arduino IDE:

The Arduino IDE was selected as the primary development environment for coding my IoT application This choice stems from its user-friendly interface, extensive community support, and compatibility with the NodeMCU ESP8266, which is at the core of my project The Arduino IDE simplifies the

programming process, allowing me to effectively implement functionalities for the motion sensor (HC-SR501), RFID module (RC522), DHT11 sensor, and servo motor (SG90)

Figure 1 Arduino IDE logo Blynk IoT Platform:

To enable remote monitoring and control of my IoT devices, I have integrated the Blynk IoT platform into my project Blynk provides a versatile and user-friendly interface, allowing users to interact with

my IoT application through a smartphone or laptop With Blynk, I can easily create a customized dashboard to control the servo motor, monitor sensor readings, and receive real-time updates on the status of my connected devices

Figure 2 Blynk IoT logo

Microcontroller/Devices:

NodeMCU ESP8266:

 Description: Central microcontroller providing processing power and Wi-Fi connectivity for seamless integration of sensors and actuators in the IoT application

Motion Sensor HC-SR501:

 Description: Detects human presence, triggering actions such as controlling the servo motor to open or close the door based on detected motion

RFID RC522:

 Description: Enhances security by validating individuals through RFID cards, allowing or

denying access based on RFID card authentication

Servo SG90:

 Description: Controls the opening and closing of the door in response to motion detection and RFID authentication, contributing to the automation aspect of the project

DHT11–Temperature and Humidity Sensor:

 Description: Monitors and controls temperature and humidity levels within the environment, ensuring the IoT application can maintain optimal conditions

Firebase:

For efficient data management and storage, I have integrated Firebase into my IoT application

Firebase serves as a cloud-based database, allowing me to securely store and retrieve sensor data By leveraging Firebase's real-time database capabilities, I ensure that users can access the latest

information regarding temperature, humidity, and motion detection This integration facilitates data synchronization across devices and enables seamless scalability

Figure 3 Firebase logo

1.2 Solution development

I have developed the IoT application using the Arduino IDE, leveraging the capabilities of the

NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller The code integrates various components, including sensors, actuators, and communication modules, to create a smart home system with security and

environmental control features

Motion Sensor HC-SR501:

The motion sensor (HC-SR501) is utilized to detect human presence When motion is detected, the system responds by triggering the servo motor to control the opening and closing of the door

Additionally, the motion sensor initiates the RFID card authentication process

RFID RC522:

The RFID module (RC522) enhances security by validating individuals through RFID cards Access is granted or denied based on the authentication of RFID cards Authorized individuals can open the door, while unauthorized attempts are logged and denied

Servo SG90:

The SG90 servo motor is employed to physically control the opening and closing of the door It

operates in response to both motion detection and RFID card authentication, contributing to the automation aspect of the project

DHT11–Temperature and Humidity Sensor:

The DHT11 sensor monitors and controls the temperature and humidity levels within the

environment The obtained data is sent to the Blynk IoT platform for remote monitoring and is also stored in the Firebase real-time database

Blynk Integration:

Blynk is integrated into the project to enable remote monitoring and control of IoT devices through a smartphone or laptop The Blynk app provides a customized dashboard, allowing users to interact with and monitor various aspects of the smart home system, including temperature, humidity, and door status

Firebase Integration:

Firebase is utilized for efficient data management and storage Sensor data, including temperature, humidity, motion events, and door status, is sent to the Firebase real-time database This integration facilitates real-time synchronization and retrieval of data for further analysis and monitoring

Security and Authentication:

The system employs RFID card authentication for door access control Authorized RFID cards are associated with specific individuals, and access attempts are logged in the Firebase database

Additionally, the system captures motion events and logs them along with the corresponding member details

Environmental Monitoring:

The DHT11 sensor continuously monitors temperature and humidity levels within the environment This data is not only displayed on the Blynk app but is also stored in Firebase, allowing for historical tracking and analysis

Code Structure and Organization:

The Arduino sketch is organized into functions, each dedicated to specific tasks such as

opening/closing the door, checking RFID cards, sending motion data, and handling environmental monitoring This modular structure enhances code readability and maintainability

II Testing and feedback (P6)

2.1 Testing result

During the testing phase of the IoT application, I conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the functionality and performance of the system The primary focus areas were motion detection, RFID authentication, door control, environmental monitoring, Blynk integration, and Firebase data storage

Figure 4 Motion sensors successfully detect human presence

Figure 5 The RFID authentication process successfully grants access and open the door

Figure 6 DHT11 sensor providing accurate temperature and humidity readings

2.2 Examination of Feedback

Good Points:

 Reliable Motion Detection: The motion sensor (HC-SR501) consistently detects human

presence, triggering the desired actions

 RFID Authentication: The RFID authentication process effectively grants access to authorized individuals based on recognized RFID cards

 Door Control: The SG90 servo motor successfully controls the door's opening and closing, providing a seamless automation experience

 Environmental Monitoring: The DHT11 sensor reliably monitors and reports temperature and humidity levels in real-time

 Blynk Integration: The Blynk IoT platform provides a user-friendly interface for remote

monitoring and control, enhancing the overall user experience

 Firebase Data Storage: Firebase successfully stores sensor data, ensuring historical tracking and analysis are possible

Not Good Points:

 RFID Card Recognition Speed: In some instances, the RFID card recognition process exhibited a slight delay This delay could impact the user experience, especially in high-traffic scenarios

 Motion Detection Timeout: The motion detection timeout may be set too short for certain scenarios Adjustments might be needed to ensure that legitimate user actions are not

interrupted

Explanation for Not Good Points:

 RFID Card Recognition Speed: The delay in RFID card recognition may be attributed to factors such as signal interference or the need for additional optimization in the RFID code Further investigation and fine-tuning of the RFID authentication process are recommended to enhance response times

 Motion Detection Timeout: The current motion detection timeout of 15 seconds may be too short for situations where users need extended access Adjusting the timeout duration or implementing dynamic timeout based on user activities could address this limitation

III Analysis and improvement plan (M5)

3.1 Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of Chosen IoT Techniques:

 Flexibility with Arduino IDE: Using the Arduino IDE provides a versatile and user-friendly platform for coding the NodeMCU ESP8266, enabling seamless integration of various sensors and actuators

 Blynk IoT Platform for User Interaction: Integration with the Blynk IoT platform enhances user interaction by providing a customizable dashboard for remote monitoring and control via smartphones and laptops

 Firebase for Data Management: Utilizing Firebase as a cloud-based database ensures efficient data management, real-time synchronization, and historical tracking of sensor data

 Modular Code Structure: The modular code structure enhances code readability and

maintainability, allowing for future enhancements and optimizations

Disadvantages and Areas for Improvement:

 RFID Card Recognition Speed: The RFID card recognition process exhibits a slight delay,

impacting the user experience, especially in scenarios with high RFID card usage

 Motion Detection Timeout: The fixed motion detection timeout of 15 seconds may not be suitable for all scenarios, potentially interrupting legitimate user actions

3.2 Improving disadvantages

Improve RFID Card Recognition:

Optimization of RFID Code:

 Conduct a detailed review of the RFID authentication code

 Optimize the code for faster recognition, minimizing delays in the authentication process Error Handling Mechanisms:

 Implement robust error-handling mechanisms to address potential delays or communication issues during RFID card recognition

Signal Quality Enhancement:

 Evaluate and enhance the signal quality between the RFID module and the RFID cards

 Consider shielding or repositioning the RFID components to minimize interference

Enhance Motion Detection:

Dynamic Timeout System:

 Implement a dynamic motion detection timeout system that adapts based on user activities

 Allow for longer timeouts during continuous user presence and shorter timeouts during intermittent activities

Fine-Tuning Sensitivity:

 Fine-tune the motion sensor sensitivity settings to optimize detection accuracy while

minimizing false positives

User Feedback Integration:

 Incorporate user feedback mechanisms to better understand and adapt to user preferences regarding motion detection timeout

3.3 Improvement plan

Continuous Testing and User Feedback:

 Conduct thorough testing with diverse scenarios to identify additional areas for improvement

 Solicit continuous user feedback to understand user preferences and pain points

Iterative Code Refinement:

 Implement iterative code refinement based on feedback and identified issues

 Continuously optimize the application code for improved performance and reliability

Regular Software Updates:

 Plan and execute regular software updates to address emerging challenges, implement

enhancements, and introduce new features

Community Engagement:

 Engage with the developer community and seek insights from other IoT enthusiasts to

leverage collective knowledge for further improvements

Documentation and Knowledge Sharing:

 Maintain comprehensive documentation to facilitate troubleshooting, updates, and

collaboration

 Share knowledge gained during the improvement process with the community

IV Critical evaluation security risks (D3)

4.1 RFID Security Risks

Unauthorized Access:

 Risk: Someone might try to use a fake or unauthorized RFID card to gain access to the secured area

 Evaluation: Assess the system's ability to detect and reject unauthorized RFID cards

 Addressing the Risk: Strengthen authentication processes to minimize the chances of

unauthorized access

Data Interception:

 Risk: Information transmitted between the RFID card and the system could be intercepted by malicious entities

 Evaluation: Examine the encryption methods used to protect data during RFID communication

 Addressing the Risk: Implement robust encryption techniques to safeguard data during

transmission

RFID Cloning:

 Risk: An attacker might attempt to clone an RFID card to gain unauthorized access

 Evaluation: Assess the system's resilience against RFID cloning attempts

 Addressing the Risk: Implement measures such as unique identifiers and secure key

management to prevent cloning

Figure 7 Thief illustration 4.2 Simple solutions

 Regular System Audits: Regularly audit the system to detect any unusual activities or attempts

at unauthorized access

 Encryption Best Practices: Ensure the use of strong encryption methods to protect data

exchanged during RFID communication

 User Education: Educate users about the importance of safeguarding their RFID cards and report any lost cards promptly

TASK 2 TEST AND EVALUATE USER FEEDBACK

I Run IoT Application and Gather Feedback (P7)

1.1 How my IoT meet the requirements

Requirement 1: Protect Family Members:

Feedback: Users appreciate the application's role in enhancing home security, and ensuring family members are protected from strangers or potential intruders

Requirement 2: Door Status Monitoring:

Feedback: Positive responses regarding the ability to know when the door is open or closed, with the added benefit of identifying who is accessing the home

Requirement 3: Temperature and Humidity Monitoring:

Feedback: Users find value in the environmental monitoring feature, allowing them to stay informed about temperature and humidity levels within their homes

Requirement 4: Remote Control:

Feedback: Positive sentiments regarding the ease of remote control capabilities, providing users with convenient access and control over their home security and environmental conditions

1.2 Feasibility

Technical Feasibility:

 High-tech components and sensors are well-received, with positive feedback on the effective functioning of the IoT application

 The positive response to the technical aspects indicates a strong foundation for the

application, establishing its technical feasibility Further enhancements could focus on

continuous improvement and staying abreast of technological advancements

Economic Feasibility:

 Users appreciate the low-cost nature of the application, making it accessible to a wide range of households High demand is noted, indicating economic feasibility

 The positive feedback on affordability and high demand underscores the economic feasibility

of the IoT application This positions it well for widespread adoption and potential market success

Organizational Feasibility:

 Users find the application easy to integrate into their existing home environments, minimizing disruptions and ensuring seamless adoption

 The ease of integration reported by users establishes strong organizational feasibility This suggests that the application aligns well with existing home setups, fostering user acceptance and integration