Học phần này giới thiệu cho sinh viên nền tảng kỹ thuật và kiến trúc của hệ sinh thái IoT, nền tảng và khuôn khổ trong thiết kế hệ thống IoT, khuyến khích trải nghiệm thực hành với thực hành trong phòng thí nghiệm và lập trình ứng dụng IoT.
ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Bui Quang Minh Student ID GCD210325 Class GCD1104 Assessor name Tran Trong Minh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2 Summative Feedback: Grade: Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Internal Verifier’s Comments: IV Signature: Date: Contents TASK Review and evaluation of IoT aspects I Exploring and reviewing IoT Concepts about IoT (P1) IoT Standard and Framework, Tools and harware (P2) II Evaluation of a common IoT platform 13 Impact on Software Development Lifecycle (M1) 13 Impact on IoT Security (M2) 14 Task Appropriate IoT application plan 15 I Problem and its IoT solution 15 Exploring IoT Development Components (P3) 15 Determining a specific problem to solve using IoT 18 II IoT application plan 19 Selecting appropriate IoT options (M3) 19 Feasibility and plan for IoT application (M4) 21 Task Advanced Evaluating and Justifying 23 I Evaluating and Justifying IoT architecture (D1) 23 Identification of IoT architecture forms 23 Evaluating each architecture forms 25 Justifying usage and their roles 26 II Enhance IoT application security iteratively (D2) 26 Identifying weaknesses 26 Setting iteration goals 27 Implementation of upgrades 27 Table Of Figures 28 REFERENCE LIST 29 TASK Review and evaluation of IoT aspects I Exploring and reviewing IoT Concepts about IoT (P1) 1.1 Definition The Internet of Things, or IoT, is a system of connected devices that share information and the cloud These devices, like sensors and software, are built into various machines and everyday items Many businesses across different fields are using IoT to work better, provide better customer service, make smarter decisions, and increase their overall value With IoT, data can be sent between devices without people directly interacting In the Internet of Things, a "thing" can be anything from a person with a heart monitor, a farm animal with a biochip, to a car with sensors that warn the driver about low tire pressure Essentially, any object, natural or man-made, that can have an Internet Protocol address and share data over a network can be part of the Internet of Things Figure Internet Of Things illustration 1.2 How IoT work IoT works through a system of smart devices connected to the internet These devices have built-in technology like processors, sensors, and communication hardware to gather, send, and respond to data from their surroundings The collected data from IoT devices is shared by connecting to an IoT gateway, acting as a central hub Before sharing, the data can be analyzed locally on an edge device, reducing the amount of data sent to the cloud and saving bandwidth Sometimes, these devices talk to each other and act on the shared information Most of the time, they operate without human involvement, but people can interact with them to set them up, give instructions, or access data The way these devices connect, network, and communicate depends on the specific IoT applications in use Additionally, IoT can leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning to make data collection processes easier and more adaptable Figure How IoT works illustration 1.3 IoT characteristics Understanding the capabilities and impact of IoT in various industries involves recognizing these key characteristics: Scalability: IoT systems can handle a large number of devices without compromising performance Whether in a smart home, city, or industry, IoT networks can expand as more devices join Interoperability: Devices from different brands or types can communicate seamlessly in an IoT environment This ensures effective information exchange and collaboration, irrespective of individual specifications Real-time Data: IoT involves continuous real-time data collection and analysis Devices transmit information promptly, enabling informed decision-making based on up-to-date data Automation IoT devices can perform tasks autonomously without human intervention Through programming and artificial intelligence, devices can execute predefined actions based on conditions or triggers 1.4 Real-world examples Smart Home Automation: Utilizes IoT devices like smart thermostats, lighting controls, and security cameras Example: A smart thermostat learns your heating and cooling preferences, optimizing energy usage, while smart security cameras enable remote monitoring and alerts for suspicious activities Remote Patient Monitoring and Healthcare: Wearable IoT devices like fitness trackers and smartwatches collect health data Example: Real-time monitoring allows early identification of health conditions, and IoT-enabled medical devices integrate patient data with electronic health records for informed healthcare decisions Connected Vehicles and Transportation: Enables connected cars and intelligent transportation systems with real-time tracking of vehicle performance and diagnostics Example: Smart traffic management systems optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance road safety Networked cars provide alternate routes and real-time traffic data Smart Cities: Transforms cities into smart cities using IoT sensors to collect data on energy use, waste management, traffic flow, and environmental factors Example: Data-driven decision-making helps city officials allocate resources efficiently, enhance public services, and improve the overall quality of life for citizens IoT Standard and Framework, Tools and harware (P2) 2.1 IoT Standard and Framework Organizations Involved in IoT Standards: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Industrial Internet Consortium Open Connectivity Foundation Thread Group Connectivity Standards Alliance Examples of IoT Standards: IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN): Standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Enables low-power radios (e.g., 804.15.4, Bluetooth Low Energy, Z-Wave) to communicate with the internet Used in home automation, industrial monitoring, and agriculture Figure LoWPAN logo Zigbee: A low-power, low-data rate wireless network standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee Alliance created Dotdot, a universal language for secure IoT communication Figure Zigbee logo Data Distribution Service (DDS): Developed by the Object Management Group An industrial IoT (IIoT) standard for real-time, scalable, and high-performance machine-tomachine (M2M) communication Figure DDS logo IoT Protocols: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP): IETF-designed protocol for low-power, compute-constrained IoT devices Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP): Open-source standard for asynchronous messaging in IoT device management Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN): Designed for WANs to support large networks, such as smart cities, with millions of low-power devices MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT): Lightweight protocol for control and remote monitoring applications, suitable for devices with limited resources IoT Frameworks: Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT: A cloud computing platform for IoT by Amazon, facilitating secure interactions between smart devices and the AWS cloud Figure Amazon Web Services IoT logo Arm Mbed IoT: An open-source platform for developing IoT apps based on Arm microcontrollers, providing a scalable and secure environment Figure Arm Mbed IoT logo Microsoft Azure IoT Suite: A set of services for interacting with and analyzing data from IoT devices, offering multidimensional analysis, transformation, and aggregation Figure Microsoft Azure IoT Suite logo 2.2 Top tools and devices Arduino: Hardware Offerings: Microcontroller boards, modules, shields, and kits Software: Arduino IDE: Open-source prototyping platform for coding compatible with Arduino boards Arduino Cloud: Enables wireless communication, remote control, and data collection for IoT devices IoT Cloud Remote: Application for creating dashboards to control cloud-connected devices Web Editor: Browser-based application for coding Flutter: Programmable processor core based on Arduino with an ARM processor, built-in battery charging, and a security chip Offers basic and pro control modules, complete kits, accessory boards, and 3D-printed parts Ideal for wireless sensor networks Tessel 2: Programmable microcontroller supporting JavaScript, Node.js libraries, and other languages Runs Linux and provides access to NPM modules Extendable with external hardware (sensors, peripherals) and features Wi-Fi, Ethernet connectivity, MediaTek router, 64MB of RAM, and 32MB of Flash Convenient command-line tools for prototyping M2MLabs Mainspring: Open-source Java-based framework for developing machine-to-machine applications Widely used for fleet management apps and remote monitoring projects Enables flexible device configuration and supports reliable machine-to-machine connections Quick app prototyping and long-term data storage with a scalable Apache Cassandra database Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian): Official operating system for Raspberry Pi hardware Free, Debian-based system with a 32-bit version available and a 64-bit version in active development Includes basic programs and utilities for hardware functionality Compiles thousands of packages and pre-compiled software for easy installation 2.3 IoT hardware The hardware in IoT systems includes devices like a remote dashboard, control devices, servers, a routing or bridge device, and sensors These devices handle important tasks such as turning on the system, specifying actions, ensuring security, communication, and detection to support specific goals In IoT, sensors are crucial hardware They include energy modules, power management modules, RF modules, and sensing modules RF modules manage communication through signal processing, using technologies like WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, radio transceiver, duplexer, and BAW Figure Sensors Wearable electronic devices are small gadgets worn on different body parts like the head, neck, arms, torso, and feet Examples include helmets, glasses, jewellery, watches, wristbands, clothing, and shoes Figure 10 Wearable electronic devices Task Appropriate IoT application plan I Problem and its IoT solution Exploring IoT Development Components (P3) 1.1 Architecture Even though every IoT project is unique, the fundamental structure has remained the same Since the early days of IoT research, the three-layer architecture has been the main model for IoT applications These layers are Perception (or Devices), Network, and Application Perception: This layer includes the sensors and actuators that collect and act on data from the connected device Network: The network layer manages the movement of large amounts of data within the application, connecting devices and sending data to backend services Application: The application layer is what users interact with, whether it's an app for controlling a smart device or a dashboard displaying the status of system devices While the three-layer architecture is a good way to explain an IoT project, it has its limits Many proposed architectures include different or additional layers One popular model is the five-layer architecture, which adds Transport (replacing Network), Processing, and Business layers to the Perception and Application layers from the three-layer model In addition to Perception and Application, you usually find these three layers: Transport: This layer manages data transfer between sensors in the Perception layer and the Processing layer through various networks Processing: Also known as the Middleware layer, this layer stores, analyzes, and pre-processes data from the Transport layer, often located on the edge of the cloud for quick communication Business: This layer, often called Business Intelligence, is higher than the Application layer It involves everything related to stakeholders, and decision-making based on data from the Application layer occurs here Figure 14 IoT architecture 1.2 Framwork The Ewings Framework is a comprehensive tool for easily creating IoT applications using ESP8266 It's built on top of the arduino-esp8266 layer, making it user-friendly for developers Figure 15 Ewings Framework The ESP8266EX contains an upgraded version of Tensilica’s L106 Diamond series 32-bit processor, along with on-chip SRAM, and Wi-Fi capabilities Its non-OS SDK provides APIs for core ESP8266 functions like Wi-Fi data transmission, TCP/IP stack, hardware interfaces, and basic system management Arduino offers developer-friendly libraries that utilize these SDK APIs Thanks to Arduino's user-friendly IoT development environment, developers find it easy to create applications using the Arduino IDE The Ewings Framework is positioned above these Arduino libraries in the structure This arrangement is illustrated in the Ewings ESP8266 Structure figure mentioned earlier Additionally, Ewings provides various services like HTTP Service, NTP Service, and Wifi service 1.3 Tool Arduino is a platform for electronics that's open-source, meaning it's built on accessible hardware and software With Arduino boards, you can take various inputs like light on a sensor or a button press, even a Twitter message, and turn them into outputs, like activating a motor or turning on an LED You instruct the board on what to by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino Software (IDE), which is based on Processing Figure 16 Arduino IDE Here are some key features of Arduino: Inexpensive: Arduino boards are affordable compared to other microcontroller platforms Even the simplest version can be put together by hand, and pre-assembled modules cost less than $50 Cross-platform: The Arduino Software (IDE) works on Windows, Mac, and Linux This is not common for many microcontroller systems, which are often limited to Windows Simple Programming Environment: The Arduino IDE is user-friendly for beginners but also flexible for more advanced users It's based on the Processing programming environment, making it familiar for students learning to program Open Source Software: The Arduino software is open source, meaning it's available for extension by experienced programmers The language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and those interested in technical details can transition from Arduino to the AVR C programming language it's based on Open Source Hardware: Plans for Arduino boards are published under a Creative Commons license This allows experienced circuit designers to create their own versions, enhancing and customizing them Even less experienced users can build a basic version on a breadboard to understand how it works and save money 1.4 Hardware The NodeMCU ESP8266 module is a tiny but powerful microcontroller based on the ESP8266 chip It's affordable and allows developers to connect their projects to the internet and control them remotely This device works seamlessly with the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and supports scripting in either Lua or the Arduino programming language It's widely used in IoT (Internet of Things) projects, offering the potential to create gadgets for homes, remote control, and more In IoT applications, the NodeMCU ESP8266 serves as a popular development board, providing a versatile and cost-effective way to connect devices to the internet It comes with Wi-Fi capabilities and programming features, making it ideal for quickly prototyping and deploying IoT solutions The board's compatibility with the Arduino IDE and a variety of libraries simplifies the programming process Its small size and low power consumption make it suitable for a wide range of applications, from home automation to industrial control systems Figure 17 Nodemcu esp8266 Determining a specific problem to solve using IoT 2.1 Identification of the problem Keeping your home safe is crucial for the well-being of your family Imagine a situation where you're not aware of what's happening at home when you're out or asleep This lack of knowledge can be a serious concern, especially if there's a potential threat like a thief A break-in not only poses a risk to your belongings but also endangers the safety of your loved ones Finding a solution to stay informed and secure, even when you're not at home, is essential for your peace of mind and the protection of your family Figure 18 Thief illustration 2.2 Purpose of the project Creating a device to detect and alert me about potential thieves in your house is a smart and proactive way to enhance the safety of my family and belongings With this project, I can develop a system that recognizes unusual activity or unauthorized entry, triggering an alert to notify our family members, even when we're away or asleep This innovative approach empowers me to take quick action and ensures that I'm informed about any potential threats, providing an extra layer of security for my home and loved ones Figure 19 Thief alert illustration II IoT application plan Selecting appropriate IoT options (M3) 1.1 Introduction Making sure your home is safe is super important for your family's well-being Think about times when you don't know what's happening at home, especially when you're out or sleeping Not being aware can be a big worry, especially if there's a chance of a thief coming in A break-in isn't just a danger to your stuff; it can also put your family at risk It's crucial to find a way to feel safe and know what's going on, even when you're not there Creating a gadget that can spot potential thieves and give you a headsup is a clever way to boost your family's safety With this project, you can make a system that recognizes strange activity or if someone enters without permission It will then send an alert to let you and your family know, even if you're away or asleep This smart idea lets you act fast and keeps you informed about any possible dangers, giving extra protection for your home and loved ones Below parts are the details about this project 1.2 Selection of IoT components To address the challenge of thief recognition, the selection of IoT components is crucial for building an effective and reliable solution The chosen components for this application include the NodeMCU ESP8266, HC-SR501 motion sensor, a buzzer, and a keypad NodeMCU ESP8266: Advantages: Compact and cost-effective Integrated Wi-Fi capability for seamless connectivity Ample GPIO pins for connecting peripherals Disadvantages: Limited processing power compared to more advanced microcontrollers Relies on external power sources HC-SR501 Motion Sensor: Advantages: Inexpensive and widely available High sensitivity and quick response time Simple to interface with microcontrollers Disadvantages: May trigger false positives due to environmental factors Buzzer: Advantages: Auditory alert system for immediate response Simple to integrate into the system Low power consumption Disadvantages: Limited in conveying detailed information Keypad: Advantages: Provides a user-friendly interface for system control Versatile for arming/disarming the security system Can enhance user engagement Disadvantages: Susceptible to wear and tear over time Justification: The NodeMCU ESP8266 serves as the central microcontroller, offering connectivity and processing capabilities The HC-SR501 motion sensor is chosen for its cost-effectiveness and reliability in detecting motion within the monitored area The buzzer acts as an immediate audible alert, ensuring prompt response to a potential threat The keypad provides user interaction, allowing for system arming and disarming with ease These components collectively create a comprehensive IoT system capable of detecting intruders and notifying users in real-time The advantages and disadvantages considered for each component contribute to an informed decision-making process in designing a reliable solution for thief recognition