Do/ Does + S + V + O?Example: - Two and two is/ are four- He usually gets up at 5 o’clock.- My cousin doesn’t love collecting stamps.- There is a ten-hour train every day in Long Bien ra
Trang 1CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC THÌ TIẾNG ANH
Present
To be:
S + is/ am/ are + O
V:
(+) S + V(s/es) + O
(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V + O
(?) Do/ Does + S + V + O?
Example:
- Two and two is/ are four
- He usually gets up at 5 o’clock
- My cousin doesn’t love collecting
stamps
- There is a ten-hour train every day in
Long Bien railway Station
- Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý luôn đúng
- Diễn tả sự việc thường xảy ra ở hiện tại
- Diễn tả những thói quen, sở thích, tập quán hay đặc tính trong hiện tại
- Dùng trong lịch trình tàu xe, thời khóa biểu/ gian biểu
- Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never,…
- Every + time
- Sau until/
as soon as
Nguyên tắc thêm “es” sau
V (S: he, she, it) hoặc N ( số nhiều)
- Từ tận cùng là /
sh/ch/s/ss/x/ thì thêm “es”
eg: watch/watches, mix/ mixes
- Từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y: đổi y thành i, thêm “es”
Eg: study/ studies, cry/ cries
- Lưu ý:
do/ does, go/ goes, tomato/ tomatoes, potato/ potatoes Nhưng: kilo/ kilos
Present
continuous
(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
(-) S + is/am/are + not + V-ing + O
(?) Is/ Am/ Are + S + V-ing + O
Example:
- We are studying English now
- they are building a super market near
my house
- At present Lam is listening to the
teacher, An is writing a letter and Kien
is chatting merrily
- She is always talking loudly in the
class.
- Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói
- Diễn tả một sự việc đang xảy ra nhưng không nhất thiết tại thời điểm nói
- Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động đang cùng xảy ra một lúc ở hiện tại
- Lưu ý: ta dùng
“always” trong thì này để nhấn mạnh, phê bình, chỉ trích một hành động tiêu cực, không tốt
Now, at the moment, at present, right now,today, this + time
…
Note: Những
V chỉ cảm giác, cảm xúc không dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn: love, like, hate, smell, feel,…
Nguyên tắc thêm “ing” vào sau V:
- V tận cùng là “e” thì bỏ
“e” trước khi thêm “ing” Eg: write/ writing, ride/ riding
- V tận cùng là “ee”, giữ nguyên thêm “ing”
Eg: see/ seeing, agree/ agreeing
- V tận cùng là “ie”, đổi
“ie” thành “y” trước khi thêm “ing”
Eg: die/ dying, lie/ lying
- V là phụ nguyên âm-phụ âm, thì gấp đôi âm-phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ing” Eg: stop/ stopping, rob/ robbing, plan/ planning
- V có hai âm tiết, nếu trọng
âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2, thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ing”
Eg: begin/ beginning, prefer/ preferring, regret/ regretting, permit/ permitting
- V tận cùng là “l”, ta thường gấp đôi “ll” trước khi thêm “ing”
Eg: travel/ travelling, cancel/ cancelling
- V tận cùng là “ic”, ta thêm
“k” trước khi thêm “ing” Eg: picnic/ picnicking, traffic/ trafficking
Present
perfect
(+) S + have/has + P2 + O
(-) S + have/has + P2 + O
(?) Have/ Has + S + P2 +O?
Example:
- He has just repaired the TV set He is
washing his hand now
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại
- Diễn tả một
For, since, just, already, yet, recently, for a long time, for ages, ever,
Trang 2- Mai has learnt/ learned English for 10
years
hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai
never,up to now, up to present,
- In the last + time (month/
year )
Present
perfect
continuous
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O
(-) S + have/ has + not + been +
V-ing + O
(?) Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing +
O?
Example:
- I have been walking since early
morning I am very tired now
- Nhấn mạnh một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai
Since, for, for a long time, for ages,…
Past simple To be:
S + was/ were + O
V:
(+) S + V-ed + O
(-) S + didn’t + V + O
(?) Did + S + V + O?
Example:
- It was very hot yesterday
- My family went to Da Lat last
summer holiday
- It was midnight He closed the
window, turned off the light and then
went to bed
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và
đã kết thúc, không còn liên quan đến hiện tại
- Diễn tả một loạt các hành động nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ
- Ago, last, yesterday, in/ on + time
in the past,…
Nguyên tắc thêm “ed” vào sau động từ ( có quy tắc):
- V tận cùng là “e”, giữ nguyên “e” rồi thêm “d” Eg: tie/ tied, smoke/ smoked, hope/ hoped
- V có phụ nguyên âm-phụ âm, ta gấp đôi âm-phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ed” Eg: stop/ stopped, rob/ robbed
- V có hai âm tiết, nếu trọng
âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2, ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm “ed” Eg: prefer/ preferred, regret/ regretted
- V tận cùng là “l”, ta thường gấp đôi “ll” trước khi thêm “ed”
Eg: travel/ travelled, cancel/ cancelled
- V tận cùng là phụ âm + y,
đổi y thành i, thêm “ed” Eg: study/ studied, cry/ cried
- V tận cùng là “ic”, ta thêm
“k” trước khi thêm “ed” Eg: picnic/ picnicked, traffic/ trafficked
Past
continuous
(+) S + was/were + V-ing + O
(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing + O
(?) Were/ Was + S + V-ing +O?
Example:
- At 8 pm yesterday, I was going out
with my friends
- While Tom Cat was sleeping, Jerry
Mouse appeared and took a piece of
cheese away
- Diễn tả (những) hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào
- Ago, last, at/ in/ on +
time in the past,…
- when, while
Past
perfect
(+) S + had + P2 + O
(-) S + hadn’t + P2 + O
(?) Had + S + P2 + O?
Example:
- When Henry came last Sunday, Ann
had left for Paris
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác ở trong quá khứ
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra
- Ago, last, at/ in/ on +
time in the past,…
while, before, after
Trang 3- This hospital had been built for
children before 1985
trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Simple
future
(+) S + will/ shall + V + O
(-) S + will/ shall + not + V + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + V + O?
Example:
- It is raining cats and dogs, I will stay
here till it clears up
- I will help you when you have
trouble
- Will you stop talking please?
- Quyết định sẽ làm gì ngay tại thời điểm nói ( không chắc chắn
sẽ xảy ra)
- Lời hứa hẹn làm
gì, ngỏ ý giúp ai,
…
- Yêu cầu ai làm
gì một cách lịch sự
Next, tomorrow, in/on + time
in the future
- When+
SVs/es
Near
future
S + is/am/are + going to + V + O
S + is/am/are +V-ing + O
Example:
- We are going to Finish this course on
August
- There are many black clouds in the
sky It is going to rain
- I am studying Chinese next year
- Kế hoạch, dự định đã được sắp sẵn từ trước
- Dự đoán một việc chắc chắn sẽ sớm xảy ra dựa vào tình huống của hiện tại
Next, tomorrow, in/on + time
in the future.
- When+
SVs/es
- Động từ “come, go” không được dùng trong cấu trúc Be + going to + V Example:
I am going to come/go to
Hanoi next month
Future
continuous
(+) S + will+ be + V-ing + O
(-) S + will/ shall + not + be + V-ing +
O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + be + V-ing + O?
Example:
- At 8 am tomorrow, we will be
attending a meeting
- When he comes back, the children
will be sleeping
- Diễn tả/ dự đoán một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai
tomorrow, in/on + time
in the future
- When+
SVs/es
Future
perfect
continuous
(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing +
O
(-) S + will/ shall + not + have + been
+ V-ing + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + have been +
V-ing + O?
Example:
- By June he will have been living here
for 10 years
- Nhấn mạnh một hành động sẽ xảy
ra trước một thời điểm/ hành động trong tương lai
Next, tomorrow, in/on + time
in the future.
- When
- By + time
in the future
- before
Trang 4BÀI TẬP LUYỆN VỀ CÁC THÌ
I Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1 John tennis once or twice a week.
A is playing usually B is usually playing C usually plays D plays usually
2 Tom his hand when he was cooking dinner.
3 Jim is away on holiday He to Spain.
4 Everything is going well We any problems so far.
5 I think the weather be nice later.
6 Jane just a few minutes ago.
7 Timson 13 films and I think her latest is the best.
8 Robert lately ?
9 When I was a child, I the violin.
10 He for the national team in 65 matches so far.
11 I’m busy at the moment I on the computer.
12 When I looked round the door, the baby quietly.
13 Robert ill for three weeks He is still in hospital.
14 I’m very tired I over four hundred miles today.
15 Our friends meet us at the airport tonight.
16 This isn’t my first time to visit London here before.
17 What time to work this morning ?
18 When I him, the man was running away.
19 I haven’t seen Kate Christmas.
20 He’s worked for this company many years.
21 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _ the fire department.
22 Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he _homesick.
23 Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _to visit friends and family several times.
24 After the race _, the celebration began.
25.While he was washing his car, Mr Brown _a small dint in the rear fender.
26 The earth _ on the sun for its heat and light.
27 I’m busy at the moment _on the computer.
28 At this time tomorrow _over the Atlantic .
29 Our friends _next us at the airport tonight .
Trang 5A are B are going to C go to D will be to
30 When I entered the room, everyone _.
31 He said that he _ his homework since 7 o’clock.
32 How long able to drive? - Since 1990.
33 She won't get married until she 25 years old.
34 This building used to be a library, _?
35 Nobody was injured in the accident, ?
36 Let's go out for a walk, ?
37 Jane and I school in 1987.
38 John and Ann ……… married last Saturday
39 His brother……….high school 6 years ago.
40 We have been living here……… 1990.
41 Pasteur _ in the 19th century.
42 .Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own.
43 Don’t bother me while I ………
44 How since we school?
A are you / left B.will you be / had left C have you been / left D.had you been/ had left
45 When he came
A I was watching TV B I watched TV C I am watching TV D I have watched TV
46 The piano _ at the moment.
47 I saw Jack yesterday morning while I home from work.
48 My brother out at weekend.
A.doesn’t usually go B.does usually not go C.doesn’t usually goes D.usually doesn’t goes
49 Everyday, my sister the floor.
50 Your English …………wonderfully since last month
A improved B was improved C have improved D has been improved
51 Anita very hard at the moment.
52 He for London one year ago.
53 She _ in Hue for twenty years.
54 I to the market with my mother yesterday.
55 How long you her? – For five months.
56 I usually to school by bus.
57 Yesterday morning I up at 6.30.
58 Please don’t make so much noise I .
59 Water at 100 degrees Celsius.
Trang 660 It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours.
61 you out last night?
62 This house 35,000 pounds in 1980.
63 While Tom tennis, Ann a shower.
A played/took B.was playing/was taking C.playing/taking D.was play/was take
64 Mike is playing chess How long he ?
65 When they in the garden, the phone
A.worked/was ringing B.worked/rang C.were working/rang D work/rings
66 After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday.
67 They tea when the doorbell .
A have/is ringing B had had/ rang C were having/rang D having/ringing
68 Father his pipe while mother a magazine.
A.smoked/read B.was smoking/was reading C had smoked/read D smoking/reading
69 He in the same house since 1975.
70 He to HCMC last year and I him since then.
A moved/didn’t see B.moved/haven’t seen C moves/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen
71 We what to do with the money yet.
A not decide B haven’t decided C didn’t decide D hadn’t decided
72 My father as a teacher for thirty years.
73 Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly.
74 Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now.
75 I her at the school gate yesterday.
76 I don’t remember where and when I her.
77 They to know each other for more than ten years.
78 I the film with my friends last week
79 He up at five every morning.
80 she in Hue at the moment?
81 He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness.
A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying
82 Don’t make noise, children! Parents .
83 Why you often so much noise in the house?
84 What he before you came?
85 What he at 4pm last Sunday?
86 Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married.
87 How long you novels?
88 you sometimes out with friends?
89 I a lot of badminton recently.
90 We your mother for ages.
Trang 791 We our plan next week.
92 They a house by June next year.
93 The film by the time we get there.
94 Tom to Hanoi before.
A is never B had never been C was never D has never been
95 When we came to the stadium, the match .
A already begins B had already begun C already began D have already begun
96 It was the first time I such a beautiful girl.
A ever saw B had ever seen C have ever seen D ever see
97 She the gold medal in 1986.
98 I ……….in this town for 15 years My family……….here when I …… 10 years old.
A have been/moved / was
B was/moved/was
C was/have moved/ have been
D was/moved/have been
99 Thousands of people……… this exhibition by the end of the month.
A will see B are going to see C will have seen D are seeing
100 She told me that her family………in that town long.
Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc theo thì.
Câu 1 My father (plant) ……….some fruit trees in the garden at this time yesterday Câu 2 He usually (watch)……… TV but sometimes he (read)……… books Câu 3.The novels (buy) in Nha Trang last week.
Câu 4 We (not go) to the zoo since we (buy)……….a color T.V.
Câu 5 Lan (be)……… in the kitchen They (cook) ……….dinner now.
Câu 6 They just (open)……… the door.
Câu 7 My sister (be)……… in the garden now She (water)……… the flowers.
Câu 8 Be quiet! Their son (study)……… English in the next room.
Câu 9 Look! The plane (fly)……… toward the airport
Câu 10 What they (do)……….when they called them last night?
Câu 11 Ms Lan (watch) the film on T.V at 6 p.m last night.
Câu 12 I (stay)………in this hotel since I (visit)……… the city.
Câu 13 I (study)……….English in Ha Noi for 3 years.
Câu 14 I (send)……… you some postcards as soon as I (arrive)……… in London tomorrow Câu 15 Ms Na(not talk)……….loudly during the test recently.
Câu 16 She (not receive )………any letters this morning.
Câu 17 Tuan (not go )……….out last night because he (feel)……….tired Câu 18.Messi broke his leg when he (play)………soccer in Brazil last summer.
Câu 19 The church (build) many years ago.
Câu 20 Doan Van Hau (play) soccer in My Dinh stadium at present.
II Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D):
1) He for London one year ago
2) She in Hue for twenty years
3) I to the market with my mother yesterday
4) What you , Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother
5) How long you her? – For five months
6) I usually to school by bus
7) Yesterday morning I up at 6.30
8) Please don’t make so much noise I
9) Water at 100 degrees Celsius
10) It is raining now It began raining two hours ago So it for two hours
Trang 8A rains B is raining C has rained D rained
11) you out last night?
12) This house 35,000 pounds in 1980
13) While Tom tennis, Ann a shower
C was playing/was taking D was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess How long he ?
A did/play B is/playing C has/play D has/been playing
15) When they in the garden, the phone
A worked/was ringing B were working/rang C worked/rang D work/rings
16) After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday
17) They tea when the doorbell
A have/is ringing B were having/rang C had had/ rang D having/ringing 18) Father his pipe while mother a magazine
C was smoking/was reading D smoking/reading
19) When I into the office, my boss for me
A came/was waiting B was coming/waited
C had come/waited D came/waiting
20) When I Brian, he a taxi
A see/drives B see/was driving C saw/was driving D saw/is driving 21) When he , we dinner
A arrived/having B arrived/were having
C was arriving/had D had arrived/had
22) While they chess, we the shopping
23) They football when the lights in the stadium out
C were playing/ was going D playing/went
24) While George and John their room, she the ironing
25) Today is Thursday and she late twice this week She late yesterday and on Monday
A is/was B has been/is C has been/was D has been/had been
26) He in the same house since 1975
27) We him since he married
A didn’t see/got B haven’t seen/got C don’t/get D hadn’t seen/got 28) It for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis
29) He to HCMC last year and I him since then
A moved/didn’t see B moves/haven’t seen C moved/haven’t seen D moved/hadn’t seen 30) We what to do with the money yet
31) My father as a teacher for thirty years
32) He to New York three times this year
33) I how to dance when I six years old
A don’t know / was B didn’t know / am
C didn’t know / was D haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother me his photos He me his photos every year
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he carelessly
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I when I was a child but not now
37) I her at the school gate yesterday
Trang 9A met B meet C had met D am meeting
38) She English when she was six years old
39) I don’t remember where and when I her
40) They to know each other for more than ten years
41) you that film yet?
42) I the film with my friends last week
43) He up at five every morning
44) she in Hue at the moment?
45) He usually her at weekend but now he in bed because of his severe illness
A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents
47) Why you often so much noise in the house?
48) What he before you came?
49) While mum was watching TV, I my homework
50) At this time yesterday I to music
51) What he at 4 P.m last Sunday?
52) When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends
A am B was C have been D had been
53) Last year he came here and me to marry him but I too young to get married
54) How long you novels?
A have/write B do/write C have written D are/writing
55) you sometimes out with friends?
A Are/going B do/ go C Have/gone D Did/go
56) I a lot of badminton recently
A play B have played C am playing D was playing
57) When I home, everyone TV
A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/ was watching
58) We your mother for ages
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
59) London a lot since we first to live here
A changed/came B has changed/ came
C had changed/ came D has changed/ come
60) How many times you this film? – The first time
II Choose the part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting.
61) Yesterday David was crossing (A) a street when (B) a truck was turning (C) a corner very fast and almost
hit (D) him.
62) When Rita will get (A) her driver’s license next week (B), she will be able (C) to drive to school everyday
(D)
63) So far (A) she spends (B) a lot of time there (C) chatting with (D) her friends.
64) Jack is living (A) in Spain now (B) His Spanish had improved (C) greatly since he moved (D) there.
65) Last month(A) while we watched(B) an exciting game on(C) television in our living room, the electricity went out
(D)
66) I’m sure (A) they have completed (B) the new (C) road by (D) June.
67) At (A) this time tomorrow (B), they will do (C) their homework with their (D) brothers
68) We have seen (A) and tell (B) you the situation next (C) Monday Please wait for (D) us
69) Our (A) teacher explained (B) that lesson to (C) us tomorrow (D).
70) We will wait (A) for you when (B) you will get (C) back tomorrow (D).
Trang 1071) I will practise(A) my English lesson with(B) my classmate at(C) 7pm next(D) Sunday.
72) When I see (A) Mr Pike tomorrow (B), I remind (C) him of (D) that.
73) He works(A) on the(B) report at(C) this time tomorrow(D).
74) Please (A) sit here (B) and wait until (C) the manager will return (D).
75) Our parents arrived (A) next Wednesday I’m sure we will receive (B) a lot of (C) presents from (D) them
76) I gave (A) him your message (B) and letter when (C) I see him (D).
77) By (A) the time you arrive (B), I finish (C) writing an (D) essay.
78) We will be going (A) home as soon (B) as we have finished (C) our work (D).
79) Mr Green has taught (A) English this school since (B) he graduates (C) from the university in (D)1986.
80) At (A) 7 yesterday morning (B) when I arrive (C) at his house, he was still sleeping (D)
MỘT SỐ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM CƠ BẢN CÁCH PHÁT ÂM " S" CUỐI: trong tr ường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ng h p danh t s nhi u nhi u ho c ợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ừ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ố nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ặc động từ số ít động từ số ít ng t s ít ừ số nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít ố nhiều nhiều hoặc động từ số ít.
/ s / Khi đi sau các phụ âm sau: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,// Hoặc các chữ cái: f, k, p, t, th.
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books
/ iz / Khi đi sau các âm sau: /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, /z/, / ʒ,/, /ʤ /, Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge,
se
Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…
/ z / Không thuộc hai loại trên Ex: bags , kids , days …
Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ “s” phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ “s” đọc / z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison
-Chữ “s” đọc / ∫ / sau các từ: sugar, sure
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI: Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d Ex: wanted; decided
2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, gh Ex: asked; stopped;
laughed
3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên: Ex: moved; played; raised, used,
Ngọai lệ : Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked, wicked,
dogged, sacred, hatred, rugged,
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI: Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1 “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d Ex: wanted; decided
2 “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, gh Ex: asked; stopped;
laughed
3 “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên: Ex: moved; played; raised, used,
Ngọai lệ : Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked, wicked,
dogged, sacred, hatred, rugged,