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Part 1. Cressida Cowell is the author of the widelypraised How to Train your Dragon series of children’s books. She spent her own childhood holidays on a remote island, where she has left very much to her own (1)________. As a result, she became an avid reader, entertaining (2)________ with books and developing a fervent imagination. She even (3)________ up her own secret languages. Cowell believes that today’s children still have a real (4)________ for language, even though their attention (5)________ may not be as great as in her day, (6)________ them less tolerant of descriptive passages in stories. Her books are outlandish and exciting, with vivid imagery, cliffhangers and eyecatching illustrations. Dragons seem to (7)________ to children of all nationalities, who also seem to (8)________ with her protagonist, Hiccup, quite easily. Hiccup is a boy who battles his way through’s life problems, often against the (9)________ . Cowell is currently planning an illustrated book for teenagers. In her own words, she enjoys breaking the (10)________ and finds that kids are openminded enough to accept this. devices – herself – dreamt – ear – span – making – appeal – identify – odds – mould Part 2. Recent research carried out in Ireland amongst chefs and consumers found that 48% of people (1)________ to regularly overordering in restaurants. A campaign has been launched as a result calling for the foodservice industry to join (2)________ with chefs and consumers to address the issue of food waste. To bring the research findings to (3)________, the owner of a restaurant in Dublin is creating a Great Irish Waste menu, reconsidering food ingredients that have been thrown away, rejected or (4)________ inedible and turning them into imaginative dishes that are both appetising and of a suitable (5)________ to serve his customers. He says that while there will always be some (6)________ of waste in the kitchen due to elements such as bones or fat trimmings, theres an opportunity to minimize wastage in the restaurant (7)________ through better communication. Even though so much food comes back on customers plates and goes in the bin, the majority of diners arent aware of the environmental or cost (8)________ of that waste. Without consumers shifting their (9)________ restaurants will struggle to reduce food waste significantly. Tackling this problem as a consumer is straightforward. Ultimately, it (10)________ down to smart shopping, clever cooking and shrewd storage. admitted – forces life – deemed – standard – degree – itself – implications mindset comes
CHUYÊN ĐỀ PHÁT ÂM – PRONUNCIATION I Phiên âm Tiếng anh Nguyên âm Vowels (u, e, o, a, i) a Nguyên âm ngắn - Short vowels - / ə/: ago, mother, together - / ʌ /: study, shut, must - /u/: put, should, foot – - / æ /: cat, chat, man - /i/: hit, bit, sit - / ɒ /: got job, hospital -/e/: bed, send, tent, spend b Nguyên âm dài - Long vowels - / iː/ meet, beat, heat - /a:/: father, star, car -/u:/: school, food, moon - / ɔː/: sport, more, store -/ ɜː /: bird, shirt, early c Nguyên âm đôi- Diphthongs - /ai/: buy, skỵ, hi, shy - / ɔɪ /: boy, enjoy, toy - - /ei/: day, baby, stay - /au/: now, sound, cow - / eə /: air, care, share - /ou /: no, go, so - / ʊə /: poor, sure, tour - / ɪə /: near, tear, cheer Phụ âm - Consonants - /b/: bag, baby - /d/: dog, daddy, dead - /m/: mother, map, come - /p/: pupil, pay, stop - /k/: kiss, key - /j/: yes, yellow - /n/: many, none, news - /l/: love, lucky, travel - /r/: river, restaurant - /t/: tea, teach - /g /: get, game, go - /f/: fall, laugh, fiction - /s/: see, summer - /z/: zoo, visit - /h/: hat, honey - / dʒ /: village, jam, generous - / θ /: thin, thick, something, birth - / ð /: mother, with, this - /v/: visit, van - /w/: wet, why - / tʃ /: children, chicken, watch - / ʃ /: she, sugar - / ʒn /: vision - / ŋ /: thank, sing II Cách làm tập chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác so với từ lại - Chọn đọc từ có phương án A, B, C, D Tuy nhiên không cần đọc từ phương án A đến D mà nên chọn đọc từ cách phát âm - Sau từ phát âm, cẩn thận ghi xuống âm phần gạch chân từ - Chọn phương án có phần gạch đưực phát âm khác so với từ cịn lại Ví dụ: A land / lænd / B sandy /ˈsændi / C many / ˈmeni / D candy / ˈkændi / Ta thấy phần gạch chân phương án A, B, D phát âm /ỉ/, đáp án C có phần gạch chân phát âm /e/ Do đó, đáp án C Bài tập áp dụng Chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác so với từ lại www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang Exercise 1: A head B please C heavy D measure A note B gloves C some D other A now B how C blow D amount A dear B year C wear D disappear A hate B pan C carrot D matter A improved B returned C arrived D stopped A nervous B scout C household D mouse A favorite B find C outside D library A last B.taste C.fast D task 10 A future B summer C number D drummer 11 A time B kind C bid D nice 12 A hard B carry C card D yard 13 A my B baby C spy D cry 14 A well B get C send D pretty 15 A weather B ready C mean D head 16 A break B mean C please D meat 17 A lucky B punish C pull D hungry 18 A planet B character C happy D classmate 19 A letter B twelve C person D sentence 20 A humor B music C cucumber D sun A enough B young C country D mountain A lamp B pan C match D table A about B outside C cousin D countless A bread B steamer C bead D meat A cover A steamer A favorite B folder B reach B name C here C breakfast C happy D answer D bead D danger A end B help C set D before A photo B hold C fork D slow 10 A train B wait C afraid D chair 11 A habit B paper C table D grade 12 A meaning B heart C please D speak 13 A light B kind C intelligent D underline 14 A come B more C money D somebody 15 A comb B climb C bomb D baby 16 A nation B national C nationality D international 17 A bank B paper C explain D same 18 A fun B sun C supermarket D lunch Exercise 2: www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 19 A different B literature C tidy D finger 20 A cat B fat C father D apple A easy B meaning C bread D heat A family B try C happy D lovely A smile B life C beautiful D like A small B tall C favorite D fall A black B apple C gram D fall A dozen B bottle C soccer D orange A round B shoulder C mouth D household A money B ton C month D shop A chest B lemonade C packet D tent 10 A champagne B chaos C scheme D chemist 11 A islander B alive C vacancy D habitat 12 A stone B top C pocket D modern 13 A volunteer B trust C fuss D judge 14 A gossip B gentle C gamble D garage 15 A daunt B astronaut C vaulting D aunt 16 A clear B treasure C spread D dread 17 A about B shout C wounded D count 18 A none B dozen C youngster D home 19 A crucial 20 A major B partial B native C material C sailor D financial D applicant Exercise 3: www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang Đáp Án Exercise 1: B please C heavy D measure / pliːz / /'hevi/ /ˈmeʒə (r)/ B gloves C some D other / ɡlʌvz / / sʌm / /ˈʌðə(r)/ B how C blow D amount /haʊ/ / bləʊ / / əˈmaʊnt / B year C wear D disappear / ˈjiə (r)/ / weə (r)/ / ˌdɪsəˈpɪə (r)/ A hate B pan C carrot D matter / heɪt / / pæn / / ˈkærət / / ˈmætə(r)/ B returned C arrived D stopped / rɪˈtɜːnd / / əˈraɪvd / / stɒpt / A nervous B scout C household D mouse / ˈnɜːvəs / / skaʊt / / ˈhaʊshəʊld / / maʊs / B find C outside D library / faɪnd / / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd / / ˈlaɪbrəri B.taste C.fast D task / teɪst / / fɑːst / / tɑːsk / B summer C number D drummer / ˈsʌmə (r)/ / ˈnʌmbə (r)/ / ˈdrʌmə (r)/ B kind C bid D nice / kaɪnd / / bɪd / / naɪs / B carry C card D yard / ˈkæri / / kɑːd / / jɑːd A head /hed/ Đáp án: B A note / nəʊt / Đáp án: A A now /naʊ / Đáp án: C A dear / dɪə (r)/ Đáp án: C Đáp án: A A improved / ɪmˈpruːvd / Đáp án: D Đáp án: A A favorite / ˈfeɪvərət / Đáp án: A A last / lɑːst / Đáp án: B 10 A future / ˈfjuːtʃə (r)/ Đáp án: A 11 A time / ˈtaɪm / Đáp án: C 12 A hard / hɑːd / Đáp án: B www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 13 A my / maɪ / Đáp án: B 14 A well / wel / B baby C spy D cry / ˈbeɪbi / /ˈspaɪ / / kraɪ / B get C send D pretty /get/ /send/ / ˈprɪti / B ready C mean D head /'redi/ /mi:n/ /hed/ B mean C please D meat /mi:n/ /pli;z/ /mi:t/ B punish C pull D hungry / ˈpʌnɪʃ / /pul/ / ˈhʌŋɡri / B character C happy D classmate / ˈkærəktə(r)/ / ˈhæpi / / ˈklɑːsmeɪt / B twelve C person D sentence / twelv / / ˈpɜːsn̩ / / ˈsentəns / B music C cucumber D sun / ˈmjuːzɪk / / ˈkjuːkʌmbə (r)/ / sʌn / B young C country D mountain / jʌŋ / / ˈkʌntri / / ˈmaʊntɪn / B pan C match D table / pæn / / mætʃ / / ˈteɪbl̩ / B outside C cousin D countless / ˌaʊtˈsaɪd / / ˈkʌzn̩ / / ˈkaʊntləs / B steamer C bead D meat / ˈstiːmə(r) / / biːd / / miːt / Đáp án: D 15 A weather / ˈweðə (r)/ Đáp án: C 16 A break / breɪk / Đáp án: A 17 A lucky / ˈlʌki / Đáp án: C 18 A planet / ˈplænɪt / Đáp án: D 19 A letter / ˈletə (r)/ Đáp án: C 20 A humor / ˈhjuːmə (r)/ Đáp án: D Exercise 2: A enough / ɪˈnʌf / Đáp án: D A lamp / læmp / Đáp án: D A about / əˈbaʊt / Đáp án: C A bread / bred / Đáp án: A www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang A cover B folder C here D answer / fəʊldə(r) / / hɪə(r)/ / ˈɑːnsə(r)/ B reach C breakfast D bead / riːtʃ / / ˈbrekfəst / / biːd / B name C happy D danger / ˈneɪm / / ˈhæpi / / ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ B help C set D before / help / / set / / bɪˈfɔː(r)/ B hold C fork D slow / həʊld / / fɔːk / / sləʊ / 10 A train B wait C afraid D chair / treɪn / / weɪt / / əˈfreɪd / / tʃeə(r)/ B paper C table D grade / ˈpeɪpə(r)/ / ˈteɪbəl / / ɡreɪd / B heart C please D speak / hɑːt / / pliːz / / spiːk / B kind C intelligent D underline / kaɪnd / / ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt / / ˌʌndəˈlaɪn / B more C money D somebody / mɔː(r) / / ˈmʌni / / ˈsʌmbədi / B climb / klaɪm / C bomb / ˈbɒm / D baby / ˈbeɪbi / / ˈkʌvə(r)/ Đáp án: C A steamer / ˈstiːmə (r)/ Đáp án: C A favorite / ˈfeɪvərət / Đáp án: C A end / end / Đáp án: D A photo / ˈfəʊtəʊ / Đáp án: C Đáp án: D 11 A habit / ˈhæbɪt / Đáp án: A 12.A meaning / ˈmiːnɪŋ / Đáp án: B 13 A light / laɪt / Đáp án: C 14 A come / ˈkʌm / Đáp án: B 15 A comb / kəʊm / Đáp án: D (âm /b/ bị nuốt sau âm /m/) 16 A nation B national C nationality D international / ˈneɪʃən / / ˈnæʃnəl / / ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti / / ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl / B paper / ˈpeɪpə(r) / C explain / ɪksˈpleɪn / D same / seɪm / Đáp án: A 17 A bank / bæŋk / www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang Đáp án: A 18 A fun B sun C supermarket D lunch / sʌn / / ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt / / ˈlʌntʃ / B literature C tidy D finger / ˈlɪtrətʃə(r) / / ˈtaɪdi / / ˈfɪŋɡə(r) / B fat C father D apple / fæt / / ˈfɑːðə(r) / / ˈæpəl / B meaning C bread D heat / ˈmiːnɪŋ / / bred / / hiːt / B try C happy D lovely / ˈtraɪ / / ˈhæpi / / ˈlʌvli / B life C beautiful D like / laɪf / / ˈbjuːtəfəl / / ˈlaɪk / B tall C favorite D fall / tɔːl / / ˈfeɪvərət / / fɔːl / A black B apple C gram D fall / blæk / / ˈæpəl / / ɡræm / / fɔːl / B bottle C soccer D orange / ˈbɒtəl / / ˈsɒkə(r) / / ˈɒrɪndʒ / B shoulder C mouth D household / ˈʃəʊldə(r) / / maʊθ / / ˈhaʊshəʊld / A money B ton C month D shop / ˈmʌni / / tʌn / / mʌnθ / / ʃɒp / B lemonade / ˌleməˈneɪd / C packet / ˈpækɪt / D tent / tent / / fʌn / Đáp án: C 19 A different / ˈdɪfrənt / Đáp án: C 20 A cat / kæt / Đáp án: C Exercise 3: A easy / ˈiːzi / Đáp án: C A family / ˈfæməli / Đáp án: B A smile / smaɪl / Đáp án: C A small / smɔːl / Đáp án: C Đáp án: D A dozen / ˈdʌzən / Đáp án: A A round / ˈraʊnd / Đáp án: B Đáp án: D A chest / tʃest / www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang Đáp án: C 10 A champagne B chaos C scheme D chemist / ʃæmˈpeɪn / Đáp án: A / ˈkeɪɒs / / skiːm / / ˈkemɪst / B alive C vacancy D habitat / əˈlaɪv / / ˈveɪkənsi / / ˈhæbɪtæt / B top C pocket D modern / tɒp / / ˈpɒkɪt / / ˈmɒdən / B trust C fuss D judge / trʌst / / fʌs / / dʒʌdʒ / B gentle C gamble D garage / ˈdʒentəl / / ˈɡæmbəl / / ˈɡærɑːʒ / B astronaut C vaulting D aunt / ˈæstrənɔːt / / ˈvɔːltɪŋ / / ɑːnt / B treasure C spread D dread / ˈtreʒə / / spred / / dred / B shout C wounded D count / ʃaʊt / / ˈwuːndɪd / / kaʊnt / B dozen C youngster D home / ˈdʌzən / / ˈjʌŋstə / / həʊm / B partial C material D financial / ˈpɑːʃəl / / məˈtɪərɪəl / / faɪˈnænʃəl / B native C sailor D applicant / ˈneɪtɪv / / ˈseɪlə(r) / / ˈæplɪkənt / 11 A islander / ˈaɪləndə[r] / Đáp án: D 12 A stone / stəʊn / Đáp án: A 13 A volunteer / ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r) / Đáp án: A 14 A gossip / ˈɡɒsɪp / Đáp án: B 15 A daunt / dɔːnt / Đáp án: D 16 A clear / klɪə[r] / Đáp án: A 17 A about / əˈbaʊt / Đáp án: C 18 A none / nʌn / Đáp án: D 19 A crucial / ˈkruːʃəl / Đáp án: C 20 A major / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) / Đáp án: D III Cách phát âm đuôi -s "-s” phát âm là: + /s/: âm tận trước /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 10 Đáp án Exercise 1: B books C points D days / bʊks / / pɔɪnts / / ˈdeɪz / B breathes C breaths D hopes / briːðz / / breθs / / həʊps / B sports C pools D trains / spɔːts / / puːlz / / treɪnz / A tombs B lamps C brakes D invites / tuːmz / / læmps / / breɪks / / ɪnˈvaɪts / B floors C combs D drums / flɔː(r)z / / kəʊmz / / drʌmz / B tapes C rides D cooks / teɪps / / raɪdz / / kʊks / B begins C helps D cuts / bɪˈɡɪnz / / helps / / kʌts / B grounds C concentrates D forests / ɡraʊndz / / ˈkɒnsəntreɪts / / ˈfɒrɪsts / B laughs C cooks D finds / lɑːfs / / kʊks / / faɪndz / B fathers C dreams D thinks / ˈfɑːðə(r)z / / driːmz / / ˈθɪŋks / B doors C plays D students / dɔː(r)z / / ˈpleɪz / / ˈstjuːdnts / B suits C chairs D boards A proofs / pruːfs / Đáp án: D A asks / ˈɑːsks / Đáp án: B A sees / ˈsiːz / Đáp án: B Đáp án: A A books / bʊks / Đáp án: A A cats / kæts / Đáp án: C A walks / wɔːks / Đáp án: B A shoots / ʃuːts / Đáp án: B A helps / helps / Đáp án: D 10 A hours / ˈaʊə(r)z / Đáp án: D Exercise 2: A beds / ˈbedz / Đáp án: D A arms www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 12 www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 13 / ɑːmz / / suːts / / tʃeə(r)z / / bɔːdz / B classes C potatoes D finishes / ˈklɑːsɪz / / pəˈteɪtəʊz / / ˈfɪnɪʃɪz / A relieves B invents C buys D deals / rɪˈliːvz / / ɪnˈvents / / baɪz / / diːlz / B heals C kills D tasks / hiːlz / / kɪlz / / tɑːsks / B stages C preserves D.focuses / ˈsteɪdʒɪz / / prɪˈzɜːvz / / ˈfəʊkəsɪz / B whistles C assures D costumes / ˈwɪsl̩ z / / əˈʃɔː(r)z / / ˈkɒstjuːmz / B.mounts C pollens_ D swords / maʊnts / / ˈpɒlənz / / sɔːdz / B words C accidents D names / ˈwɜːdz / / ˈæksɪdənts / / ˈneɪmz / B households C minds D plays / ˈhaʊshəʊldz / / maɪndz / / ˈpleɪz / B trucks C umbrellas D workers / trʌks / / ʌmˈbreləz / / ˈwɜːkə(r)z / B individuals C subjects D celebrations / ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəlz / / səbˈdʒekts / / ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn̩z / 13 A houses B horses C matches D wives / ˈhaʊzɪz / / ˈhɔːsɪz / / ˈmætʃɪz / / waɪvz / B series C means D headquarters / ˈsɪəriːz / / miːnz / / hedˈkwɔːtəz / Đáp án: B A boxes / ˈbɒksɪz / Đáp án: C Đáp án: B A dreams / driːmz / Đáp án: D A resources / rɪˈzɔːsɪz / Đáp án: C A carriages / ˈkærɪdʒɪz / Đáp án: A A offers / ˈɒfə(r)z / Đáp án: B A miles / maɪlz / Đáp án: C 10 A sports / spɔːts / Đáp án: A 11 A pools / puːlz / Đáp án: B 12 A programs / ˈprəʊɡræmz / Đáp án: C Đáp án: D 14 A barracks^ / ˈbærəks / Đáp án: A www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 14 www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 15 15 A crossroads B species C works D mosquitoes / ˈkrɒsrəʊdz / Đáp án: C / ˈspiːʃiːz / / ˈwɜːks / / məˈskiːtəʊz / IV Cách phát âm đuôi -ed “- ed" phát âm là: + /t/: âm tận trước -ed /s/,/tf/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /f/ phát âm /t/ + /id/: trước -ed /t/ /d/ + /d/: âm tận trước -ed nguyên âm phụ âm cịn lại Ví dụ: A toured /turd/ B jumped / dʒʌmpt / C solved / sɒlvd / D rained / reɪnd / Câu B "-ed" phát ấm /t/, đáp án lại -ed phát âm /d/ Đáp án B Bài tập áp dụng Chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác so với từ lại Exercise 1: A worked B stopped C forced D wanted A kissed B helped C forced D raised A confused B faced C cried D defined A devoted B suggested C provided D wished A catched B crashed C occupied D coughed A agreed B missed C liked D watched A measured B pleased C distinguished D managed A wounded B routed C wasted D risked A imprisoned B pointed C shouted D surrounded 10 A failed B.reached C absored D solved A invited B attended C celebrated D displayed A removed B washed C hoped D missed A looked B laughed C moved D stepped A wanted B parked C stopped D watched A laughed B passed C suggested D placed A believed A lifted B prepared B lasted C involved C happened D liked D decided Exercise 2: www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 16 A collected B changed C formed D viewed A walked B entertained C reached D looked 10 A admired B looked C missed D hoped 11 A filled B cleaned C ploughed D watched 12 A visited B decided C engaged D disappointed 13 A kissed B stopped C laughed D closed 14 A reformed B appointed C stayed D installed 15 A fitted B educated C locked D intended B stopped C forced D wanted / stɒpt / / fɔːst / / ˈwɒntɪd / B helped C forced D raised / helpt / / fɔːst / / reɪzd / B faced C cried D defined / feɪst / / kraɪd / / dɪˈfaɪnd / B suggested C provided D wished / səˈdʒestɪd / / prəˈvaɪdɪd / / wɪʃt / B crashed C occupied D coughed / kræʃt / / ˈɒkjʊpaɪd / / kɒft / B missed C liked D watched / mɪst / / ˈlaɪkt / / wɒtʃt / B pleased C distinguished D managed / pliːzd / / dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt / / ˈmænɪdʒd / A wounded B routed C wasted D risked / ˈwuːndɪd / / ˈruːtɪd / / ˈweɪstɪd / / rɪskt / B pointed C shouted D surrounded / ˈpɔɪntɪd / / ˈʃaʊtɪd / / səˈraʊndɪd / Đáp án Exercise 1: A worked / ˈwɜːkt / Đáp án: D A kissed / kɪst / Đáp án: D A confused / kənˈfjuːzd / Đáp án: B A devoted / dɪˈvəʊtɪd / Đáp án: D A catched / kætʃt / Đáp án: C A agreed / əˈɡriːd / Đáp án: A A measured / ˈmeʒə(r)d / Đáp án: C Đáp án: D A imprisoned / ɪmˈprɪzn̩d / Đáp án: A www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 17 www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 18 10 A failed B.reached C absored D solved / riːtʃt / / absored / / sɒlvd / B attended C celebrated D displayed / əˈtendɪd / / ˈselɪbreɪtɪd / / dɪˈspleɪd / B washed C hoped D missed / wɒʃt / / həʊpt / / mɪst / B laughed C moved D stepped / lɑːft / / muːvd / / stept / B parked C stopped D watched / pɑːkt / / stɒpt / / wɒtʃt / B passed C suggested D placed / pɑːst / / səˈdʒestɪd / / ˈpleɪst / B prepared C involved D liked / prɪˈpeə(r)d / / ɪnˈvɒlvd / / ˈlaɪkt / B lasted C happened D decided / ˈlɑːstɪd / / ˈhæpənd / / dɪˈsaɪdɪd / A collected B changed C formed D viewed / kəˈlektɪd / / tʃeɪndʒd / / ˈfɔːmd / / vjuːd / A walked B entertained C reached D looked / ˈwɔːkt / / ˌentəˈteɪnd / / riːtʃt / / ˈlʊkt / B looked C missed D hoped / ˈlʊkt / / mɪst / / həʊpt / B cleaned C ploughed D watched / kliːnd / / plaʊd / / wɒtʃt / B decided C engaged D disappointed / feɪld / Đáp án: B Exercise 2: A invited / ɪnˈvaɪtɪd / Đáp án: D A removed / rɪˈmuːvd / Đáp án: A A looked / ˈlʊkt / Đáp án: C A wanted / ˈwɒntɪd / Đáp án: A A laughed / lɑːft / Đáp án: C A believed / bɪˈliːvd / Đáp án: D A lifted / ˈlɪftɪd / Đáp án: C Đáp án: A Đáp án: B 10 A admired / ədˈmaɪə(r)d / Đáp án: A 11 A filled / fɪld / Đáp án: D 12 A visited www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 19 www.thuvienhoclieu.com Trang 20