nhà văn vũ hạnh lí luận, phê bình, nghiên cứu, sáng tác bản tóm tắt luận án tiếng anh

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION - - NGUYEN XUAN HUY WRITER VU HANH: THEORY, CRITICISM, RESEARCH, CREATION Major: Literature theory Code: 62.22.01.20 SUMMARY OF THESIS OF DOCTOR OF PHILOLOGY HANOI - 2013 The thesis is completed at Hanoi National University of Education Scientific supervisor: PROF DSC BUI VAN BA ASSOC PROF DR TRAN MANH TIEN Opponent 1: ASSOC PROF DR Doan Duc Phuong Opponent 2: ASSOC PROF DR Nguyen Ngoc Thien Opponent 3: ASSOC PROF DR Ton Thao Mien The thesis will be defended to the Thesis Evaluation Council held at Hanoi National University of Education At date month year 2013 Can find to read The thesis at: - Library of Hanoi National University of Education - Library National of Viet Nam - Library of Hung Vuong University - Phu Tho nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THEME  Scientific articles Nguyen Xuan Huy (2006), Vu Hanh and the decadence and prosperity of the Southern Vietnam art and literature 1954 - 1975, Writer Magazine, Issue 4, page 98-109 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2010), Some issues on the criticism theory of the Southern Vietnam literature in the period 1954 - 1975 by Vu Hanh, Science and Technology Magazine, Hung Vuong University, Issue (17), page 20-24 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2011), Vu Hanh - Typical criticism theorist of the Movement for National cultural protection in the Southern urban area in the period 1954 1975, Scientific Magazine, Hanoi National University of Education, nd quarter, Issue 56, page 90-99 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2012), Return to the national human amid the Southern Vietnam mind, Science and Technology Magazine, Hung Vuong University, Issue (22), page 60-64 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2012), Initial approach to the national art and literature theory system by Vu Hanh, Science and Technology Magazine, Hung Vuong University, Issue (23), page 55-59 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2012), Reading Kieu Story and the creativity in criticism art by Vu Hanh, Education Scientific Magazine, Special issue of October, page 50-53 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2012), National hallmark in literature creation by Vu Hanh in the period 1954 - 1975, Education Scientific Magazine, Special issue of October, page 63-65 Nguyen Xuan Huy (2012), Face of Literature theory and criticism in the Movement for National cultural protection in the Southern urban area in the period 1954 - 1975, Science and Technology Magazine, Hung Vuong University, Issue 25, page 61-65  Scientific themes involved Nguyen Xuan Huy (chief), Trend of criticism theory in the Movement for National cultural protection in the Southern urban area in the period 1954 - 1975, Scientific theme for Postgraduate - Hanoi National University of Education, 2011 Nguyen Xuan Huy (chief), Some issues concerning literature criticism by Vu Hanh in the period 1954 - 1975, Scientific theme at the level of Hung Vuong University, 2010; the work winning the First prize in the Contest for Vietnamese Young Scientific Talent - University level in 2012 Nguyen Xuan Huy (chief), Art style of Nguyen Khai after 1985 in the angle of prosody, Scientific theme at the level of Hung Vuong University, 2006; the work winning the second prize - Contest for Scientific and Technical Creativity of Phu Tho province in 2007 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh FOREWORD Rationale Vu Hanh is actually a typical writer of the force of National cultural protection in the Southern Vietnam urban area in the period 1954 - 1975 In the literature dialogue, in the argument on national culture, in the embellishment of valuable work, Vu Hanh appears with an unprecedented diligence and bravery For this very reason, today, on the way to retrieve national literature values, we can’t help mentioning Vu Hanh In pursuance of this theme, the thesis serves the following purposes: - First of all, it is aimed at understanding and summarizing comprehensively literature achievements of Vu Hanh in all aspects, namely literature theory, criticism, research and creation - Through studying literature heritage of Vu Hanh, we have chance to better understand the Movement for National cultural protection in particular and the Southern Vietnam urban area literature in the period 1954 - 1975 in general - At present, we are building an advanced, modern and national literature, the comprehensive research on Vu Hanh is not only significant to literature theory, criticism and research but also somehow significant to the creation and lecturing of literature at secondary schools and universities Object of research Object of the thesis includes literature theories, researches, criticisms and editions and literary works by Vu Hanh 2.1 Concerned publications on literature theory by Vu Hanh Essay entitled Studying art and literature (1970), etc 2.2 Publications on literature criticism by Vu Hanh Some comments on the situation of literature and press in 1959 (1960); Situation of art and literature in 1960 (1961); Novel in 1961 (1962); Present creation situation and living condition of artists (1962); Is there anything strange in the literature activity 1963? (1964); Some comments on the Culture Outline by Prof Pham Dinh Ai (1964); Judgment on the conflicts in the book entitled “Summary examination of literature I” by Nguyen Van Trung (1964); 10 years of writing (Memoirs) (1967); Chu Tu and work, what significance the best-selling phenomenon of Chu Tu in 1963 has? (1966); Culture and Dis-culture (1971) Vu Hanh also criticized poem by The Vien, Doan Them, Tuong Linh and Nguyen Phuc; criticized story by Mac Do, Do Thuc Vinh, Binh Nguyen Loc, Nhat Tien and Son Nam; criticized drama by Vu Khac Khoan, Nghiem Xuan Hong These nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh works were published on Bach khoa thoi dai (Today Encyclopedia), Tin van (Literature News), Tan van (New Literature) mainly in the period from 1959 to 1967 2.3 Literature researches by Vu Hanh Reading Kieu Story again (1966); Gold coin by Vi Huyen Dac (1960); Extraordinary nature in normal Thuy Kieu personality (1970); The visitor from distant land, who are you? (1972); Two Thuy Kieu girls (1972) 2.4 Literature creation works Novels: Forest fire (1960); Revenging the life (Punch) (1972); Xa Nieng girl (1973); Magnanimous dog (1973) Short stories: Blood pen (1958); Duck meat (1959); Pearl nature (1964); Cuoi ba dum (1964); Ideal school (extract from Downgraded school) (1966); Extended avenue (1966); Three new teachers (1966); A vicissitudes story (1966); The howling on Cha Hoc mountain peak (1967); Mrs Tu Co (1970); Pupil ghost (1971); Modern husband (1972); Remaining people (1974), etc Task of research In pursuing this theme, the thesis is aimed at solving the following basic tasks: - Studying basic issues in the literature theory viewpoints by Vu Hanh to recognize, compare and evaluate strong points and weak points in his theory recognition - Studying the issues concerning literature criticism, we generalize the cause of the author and identify outstanding points in the criticism art - Properly evaluating research publications on classical literature heritage and literature heritage at the beginning of the 20 th century by Vu Hanh - Studying content and art value in the works by Vu Hanh in order to evaluate his devotions to the modern literature Method of research The thesis adopts the dialectical materialism viewpoint and historical materialism viewpoint as basis for research The recognition and evaluation on Vu Hanh under the trend of patriotic literature in the Southern Vietnam urban area in the general flow of national literature will be done comprehensively In so doing, we employ the following research methods: 4.1 Historical method This is a research method that is not only practical but also methodological when studying Vu Hanh The formation and development of literature cause by Vu Hanh are profoundly affected by historical changes If the research on literature nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh phenomena in the past, especially the Southern Vietnam urban literature in the period 1954 - 1975 from the historical viewpoint, we are prone to fall into unilateral thought Therefore, appreciating historical viewpoint is also a way for us to ensure the object recognition principle based on scientific viewpoint Comprehensive evaluation on the past literature based on the historical viewpoint will facilitate us to have the most dialectical and sufficient vision on the literature theory - criticism of Vu Hanh in the literature life of the Southern Vietnam urban in the period 1954 - 1975 4.2 Method of systematic - structural research The Southern Vietnam literature and literature cause of Vu Hanh are a structural system including many aspects and many factors with complicated and changing relation Studying Vu Hanh as a structural system means seeing his literature cause have many components: literature theory, criticism, research and creation Such components don’t exist independently but always move because of the aesthetic thinking and art working environment of the author They are totally possibly classified into smaller factors For example, literature criticism may be classified into story, poem and drama criticism; or literature research may be classified into research on classical literature and literature at the beginning of the 20th century 4.3 Culturology method Culture is a quite wide field and the placement of literature theory - criticism of Vu Hanh in the Southern Vietnam cultural - social context is of special importance This method will help us see the development of thought culture in the acquisition and effect, in the diversification and inheritance of orthodox and non-orthodox thought systems, in the complicacy of customs, lifestyles and culture performances All will be viewed in its inherent liveliness The identification of culturology research method also has another great significance, i.e identifying the truthfulness and nationalism of the Southern Vietnam culture and literature based on the traditional - modern viewpoints and values 4.4 Analysis, comparison and classification operations Analysis is a basic operation of literature research sector The issues concerning literary history and literary theory will not be clear without specific analysis Comparison and classification are the same The writer Vu Hanh is a great and diversified author, thus the research should have analysis and comparison to explore all typical and unique features of the author nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh New contribution by the thesis By the first research on Vu Hanh in a comprehensive and systematical manner, the thesis has the following contributions: - Presenting and explaining basic issues in the literary theory works by Vu Hanh - Generalizing and systematizing contributions on literature criticism from content to style of Vu Hanh - Analyzing content and value in researching classical literature heritage and literature heritage at the beginning of the 20 th century of Vu Hanh - Analyzing and explaining characteristics in the works by Vu Hanh Thesis structure Apart from the foreword, conclusion and annex, the thesis includes chapters: Chapter 1: Overview on the research on Vu Hanh Chapter 2: Literature theory Chapter 3: Literature criticism Chapter 4: Literature research Chapter 5: Literature creation nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW ON THE RESEARCH ON VU HANH 1.1 Research situation in the Northern Vietnam before 1975 Vu Hanh is regarded by the Northern Vietnamese scholars as a rare writer who dared to voice frankly and straightforwardly the art and literature life in the Southern Vietnam urban area When writing the book entitled History of Vietnamese literature, volume 6, Education Publishing House, the group of researchers of Hanoi National University of Education including Huynh Ly, Le Hoai Nam put forth objective evaluations on the work entitled Blood pen by Vu Hanh In the Northern Vietnam scholars, it is required to mention the judgment by Dang Thai Mai On the Literature Magazine, Issue 7, 1962, Dang Thai Mai studied the Southern Vietnam literature in the reign of US - Diem system and argued that Vu Hanh was a trusted critic, fairly strict commenter, stuff and leading summarizer in the literary issues 1.2 Research situation in the Southern Vietnam before 1975 First of all, we must consider the comment by Pham Thanh in answering the comment by Vu Hanh (in the penname of Nguyen Phu) on the Encyclopedia, 1959 He admitted his mistake and "thanked Mr Nguyen Phu" for taking notice of his collection entitled Modern Vietnamese poets which is full of shortcomings Bang Ba Lan blamed Vu Hanh for ignoring compliments and willfully taking many disadvantages, trimming and patching to make it heavier and slandering him for producing the "Family criticism viewpoint" in the book entitled Modern writer and poet memory (1962) On the contrary, Lu Phuong regarded Vu Hanh as an "essential initiator" In many articles, the researcher regarded the regular appearance of Vu Hanh as the "diligence" and "bravery", following hard on the "declined itinerary" of the Southern Vietnam literature in the period 1954 - 1975 Even Nguyen Mong Giac saw that Vu Hanh was a fine and far-vision person who realized the declination of the Southern Vietnam art and literature The commenter confirmed the truthfulness in the pen of Vu Hanh, i.e cold and tragic but luscious 1.3 Research situation all over the country after 1975 It is possible to mention the allegedly quality works of such scholars as Tran Huu Ta with Southern Vietnam culture and art and literature in the reign of Americans and their puppets (1977); Tran Trong Dang Dan with Neo-American colonial literature in the Southern Vietnam from 1954 to 1975, volume (1991) and the Southern Vietnam culture and art and literature (2000); Truong Luu with Culture and art and literature in the period of two battlefields (2001) mentioned Vu Hanh In nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh particular, Tran Huu Ta put forth strict judgments on the cause of the writer He confirmed that Vu Hanh was a typical initiation writer with valuable contributions to the trend of patriotic literature The researcher saw that Vu Hanh had true, profound and brave criticism articles Literature of Vu Hanh is rich in feeling and shows the honored traditional beauty In the Kieu Story Prosody, Tran Dinh Su realized the profoundness and complicatedness of Vu Hanh in the Reading Kieu Story again: "Vu Hanh … analyzed profoundly and complicatedly the social content as well as talented personality of the art in Kieu Story In particular, he discovered amorous intentions concealed unconsciously through "negligence" or "out of clumsiness" showing the new creativity of Nguyen Du" In recent years, Tran Hoai Anh announced some remarkable researches such as: Literature criticism theory in the Southern Vietnam urban areas in the period 1954 1975, Quang Ngai Publishing House, 2009; Viewpoint on poem in the literature criticism theory in the Southern Vietnam urban areas in the period 1954 - 1975, Magazine of Literature Research Issue No 8, 2007, page 60-72; Relation between creation and literature criticism theory in the Southern Vietnam urban areas in the period 1954 - 1975, Magazine of Vietnam art and literature forum Issue 2, 2008 In general, Tran Hoai Anh paid attention to researching basic issues of the Southern Vietnam art and literature theory and criticism, arguing that Vu Hanh was a typical author, representing the trend of literature affected by Marxist ideology in the Southern Vietnam However, the research didn’t study Vu Hanh intensively Looking at the literature research situation, we can see that: Evaluation on the entire value of art and literature of Vu Hanh now remains a field with many gaps With historical scale and contribution in many fields, Vu Hanh deserves our attention and more efforts in the power of literature For the first time, our work researches comprehensively the literary cause of Vu Hanh in all aspects: Literature theory, criticism, research and creation This work is quite necessary but difficult to overcome nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE THEORY The book entitled Studying art and literature (1970) that collects the articles on the Literature News with the title Nine points in the art and literature is a typical work that gathers the though of Vu Hanh after ten years of writing to struggle openly on the literary circles Besides, the work Miraculous Vietnamese people (1973) also contributes to clarifying his national art and literature viewpoint 2.1 Characteristics of art and literature Basically, characteristics of art and literature are emphasized by Vu Hanh in two aspects: Characteristics on object and characteristics on expression means Vu Hanh argued that the object of art and literature was the wide reality However, the reality in art and literature is typical, general and updated Art and literature accept invention as a method to create meaning Art mainly reflects "a human relation crystallized in things" or the human itself with its symbolic values They should be described profoundly and lively, "i.e showing a particularity with sociality" On that basis, Vu Hanh reached out to overviews on the art image that he regarded as a typical signal of art and literature awareness Image is the expression method, the "feeling and thinking" method of the writer Imaginary thinking is the characteristics of art and literature It has endless capability in showing the life and may affect the reason to create deep arguments and interpretations Art image helps to create art feeling, evoking truthful emotions from the readers Vu Hanh indicated clearly that the image in literature must have typical and lively personality to become complete The image has clever coordination of two characteristics, namely typicality and liveliness to reach the symbolism Symbolism is the highest limit of the image as well as its virtue 2.2 Art and literature with awareness and thought Art and literature are a form of social awareness but it is not included in the impulsive awareness or pure awareness but the diversified and abundant harmony of the sentiment (feeling) and the reason (thinking) and social awareness Art awareness must be associated closely with the life activity To interpret the impregnation of thought forms in art and literature, Vu Hanh argued that, it is the durable impact of the morality foundation on the thought of human, thereby upon "expression into artwork", it becomes a nearly unconscious state Vu Hanh argued that, the first and foremost requirement of the work is "contemporaneousness" Contemporaneousness nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh is associated closely with nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh to inheritance and creativity but regarded nationality as the identity, "self-nationality" as the pride In general, Vu Hanh mentioned most of the fundamental issues of art and literature, explained them specifically, clearly and profoundly The perceptions put forth by him not only have extensive coverage but also bear practicality On that basis, he highlighted the nationality in art and literature Although many perceptions needs reviewing carefully, many issues remain simple in presentation, we must admit that Vu Hanh had positive contributions to the development of progressive, national and revolutionary art and literature flow in the Southern Vietnam in the period 1954 1975 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE CRITICISM 3.1 General consideration on the literature of the Southern Vietnam in the period 1954 - 1975 In his articles, Vu Hanh found an unvital face of the Southern Vietnam art and literature Such fade is the consequence of the viewpoint "politics-commanded art and literature" Every year, we see that Vu Hanh was sorrow to summarize on the Contemporaneous Encyclopedia: "During the year …., there is no work to reflect the contemporaneousness, mark our society over the past years on a wide aspect" Literary works are about to go away from human life to come to a floating life in an irresistible manner The works willfully criticized by Vu Hanh are mainly typical ones that bear some progresses in the Southern Vietnam art and literature 3.2 Criticism on the story by Do Thuc Vinh and Son Nam In the typical works by Do Thuc Vinh, the trio of novels, namely Aunt Mo (1959), Season of illusion (1963), Coming people (1964), is more or less valuable while many other novels fall into obscurity In spite of three different works, Aunt Mo, Season of illusion and Coming people exploit a common subject, i.e intellectual in the movement of life Vu Hanh claimed that "these three works noted some things in the context of country change, about over twenty years ….", thus it bears quite abundant contemporaneous hallmark Due to being social novels, they could not avoid normal treatise From Aunt Mo to the character Van "always with doubts and queries" on the life but doubting themselves, to Hoang, Phong, Son and Mai Khanh in the Coming people busy with finding way show treatise quite clearly 10 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh For Son Nam, the appearance of the Cuckoo falling on the ground and the Old silhouette in 1963 and 1964 is a remarkable addition to his art thought Two works are two different value frames Vu Hanh pointed out: "In Cuckoo falling on the ground, the author wrote about Mr Si but regrettably, it is impossible to understand him clearly or it is not brave enough to understand him, thus it is possible to illustrate a character lonely and bewildered in the life" If the Cuckoo falling on the ground exploits the subject of a self-styled intellectual, the Old silhouette (1964) is aimed at conflicts in Vietnam rural areas in the past With wide coverage ability, Son Nam earned good impression from the readers by approaching his own reality 3.3 Criticism on the poems by Doan Them, The Vien and Tuong Linh The collection Tu Thuc by the poet Doan Them creates the "surprise at an allegedly scalable thing and followed by many doubts" Vu Hanh highly appreciated three words "pathfinder" lying modestly under the title Tu Thuc "printed in bold lines" Tu Thuc "is like a reason to talk about worldly things and watch chronicle, legend to open a path for the art and literature, i.e to return the national asset to restore, improve in order to bring about deep changes in the minds of national people" For My darling crying, Vu Hanh saw that The Vien has an indifferent attitude in his thinking and his saying Crying for no one, The Vien shows "stupid" in kissing and cuddling and "clumsy" in sulking For Tuong Linh, it is different The author of the Moon at the tip of gun tried to bring to us a multi-faced, colorful love that escaped from "monotonous frame of desire for inferior love" Tuong Linh actually has enough goodwill but lacks vision As such, it is an inherent restriction 3.4 Criticism on the drama by Vu Khac Khoan and Nghiem Xuan Hong This is the type of criticism for which Vu Hanh made the most efforts The drama Thanh Cat Tu Han by Vu Khac Khoan is a climax of the Southern Vietnam art and literature All issues of the drama concentrate on the character Son Ca Vu Hanh saw "the soul of the drama is the character Son Ca The issue of such character is the subject and content of the work" Finding the unity in thought, Vu Hanh discovered an interesting thing, that is, "if arranging all characters of the drama under an awareness system of the author, we can see that all such characters are one person" However, if the drama content makes the work layout cumbersome, the author tried to compensate by polished words and many tactics and trifling skills of the stage to create palpitation and attraction 11 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh The 10th guest by Nghiem Xuan Hong focuses on the love "All tricky and thorny circumstances focus on love: Romantic love, unreasonable love, exciting love, kind love But the clearest is the hopeless love" Vu Hanh also saw in the 10 th guest not only misery for love They meet each other at another point, i.e "soul of illusion" According to Vu Hanh, two dramas 10th guest and Thanh Cat Tu Han are two big features of a mood, two phases of a life They are aimed at completing a life viewpoint, "from the desire to stand up to the forever falling down" 3.5 Criticism on editions, researches and selections 3.5.1 About Modern Vietnamese Poems by Pham Thanh, published by Khai Tri, (1959) The collection of poems by Mr Pham Thanh is regarded by Vu Hanh as a signal of "the trouble in art and literature" Vu Hanh criticized the thought of the book compiler for losing "face", double-tongued, "embellishment" not to highlight our "poets" but to serve economic purpose Mr Pham Thanh, while introducing and selecting, "accidentally or willfully" "made shameful" for poets - or more correctly, those claimed themselves poets He pointed out that, showy appearance can not conceal such "shameful" content 3.5.2 About the presentation Prospect of the Southern Vietnam art and literature by Tran Thanh Hiep (1960) Upon criticizing Mr Tran Thanh Hiep, Vu Hanh not only aimed at identifying his considerations and shortcomings but also aimed at dimming the image of Creativity group (represented by Mr Tran Thanh Hiep) that were cornering the art and literature First: A presenter lack of responsibility Disagreeing with the attitude of Mr Hiep, Vu Hanh claimed that, the speaker not only lacked sense of construction but also "forgot active role" of a speaker, this is the perfectionism and "lack of sense of responsibility" Second: Shortcoming and erroneous arguments With criticism on "the issue of art and literature and contemporaneousness in Vietnam is not serious at all", Vu Hanh completely negated the viewpoint that "the Southern Vietnam art and literature have no past" by Mr Tran Thanh Hiep He is a person with sense of forgetting his own origin, a sort of skilled "culture servant" in the Southern Vietnam Vu Hanh claimed that he "apart from the superficial in disposition, there is a thought contrary to the common expectation of the nation, i.e country unification" 12 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh 3.5.3 About the book entitled Writing and reading novel by Nhat Linh, published by Tri Dang, 1962 Writing and reading novel is the writing experience left by Nhat Linh for the life However, the book failed to save the decadence in the author because it failed to bring about true "guiding" value First, Vu Hanh disagreed with the guiding attitude of Mr Nhat Linh The orientation is full of goodwill but irresponsible in implementation That Vu Hanh thought that the author of Finishing wrote this book was aimed at clearing his own inmist feelings is reasonable However, the biggest mistake of Nhat Linh in this book is the conception of novel Nhat Linh put forth a definition in which the ambiguity in perception went farther when he discussed the object of creation: "An interesting book must have value in space and time" Nhat Linh didn’t understand that when he regarded space and time as the value, he set the work a historical limit It is valuable for the person loving "antiques" only Nhat Linh mainly took notice of reality of individual, of small and lonely human without any notion of social human, human of great life Paying too much attention to realism, in fact Nhat Linh fell into the conception of formalism and could not understand human The concept by Nhat Linh indirectly admitted "the viewpoint of ivory tower art, i.e sitting in one place to consider the people's mind" 3.5.4 About Summary examination of literature I by Nguyen Van Trung, published by Nam Son, 1962 Vu Hanh confirmed that the Summary examination of literature I gained basic successes, exceeding previous edition works However, it could not avoid shortcomings and mistakes Vu Hanh argued that Nguyen Van Trung perceived the issue not distinctly, leading to basic conflicts: (1) Conflict in the conception on the role of criticism theory; (2) Conflict in the confirmation of significance for the work; (3) Conflict on the class in art and literature; (4) Conflict in the role of writer; (5) Conflict in the right to judge morality However, we must admit that the Summary examination of literature I made notable contributions in the Southern Vietnam art and literature life 3.6 General judgment on the criticism style of Vu Hanh 3.6.1 Honest and objective research spirit In the literary issues, Vu Hanh always respected the honesty of phenomena Taking objectivism to maintain the honesty and the honesty to enhance scientific objective spirit, Vu Hanh brought about a relatively comprehensive vision on the 13 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh literary issues The honesty in research is also shown in the fact that he always paid attention to main phenomena of art and literature activities such as actual state of literature, press, edition and translation 3.6.2 Ability of systematizing literary issues scientifically Vu Hanh was not only able to systematize creation works and art and literature activities in the year but also able to explore the perfect whole in a particular literary work In his general comment, there is a great deal of factors in the system, from content to form, genre and its liveliness Therefore, his judgments have a wide coverage More notably, it is the ability to organize a word of criticism It is not only a word of valuating the work but also the exploration of the structure of the work system with its sophisticated art movements 3.6.3 Direct, vigorous and timely critic Faced by the trend of forgetting origin and disordering, Vu Hanh showed his frank, direct and timely voice in order to accuse and call on the people with conscience and enthusiasm with art to show their drastic attitude Annual summaries show an uncompromising and brave attitude for depraved cultural products under the cloak of art 3.6.4 Profound and sensitive writer for literary issues The writer Vu Hanh refused to stop in the findings on the character and art world but always targeted at discoveries on the life, sought limits of the work’s depth Criticism is not only aimed at evaluating advantages and disadvantages of the work but also a chance to evaluate the creator, thereby “refreshing” himself 3.6.5 Expressive critical language In his literary critical works, Vu Hanh soon identified a particular expression method, bearing his personal hallmark We can see that his critical language shows a frank and expressive attitude This is an expressive language system Therefore, criticism has intrinsic vitality, vitality from a soul full of enthusiasm and a profound art perception It can be said that the summaries on literary situation, critical articles on the works by Vu Hanh help us have a more comprehensive and profound view on the art and literature in the Southern Vietnam urban in the period 1954 - 1975 On that basis, we have more bases to review it, realize the faces that contributed to creating the diversity and richness of the national art and literature 14 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh CHAPTER 4: LITERARY RESEARCH Though we may know that the contemporaneousness of criticism is not only in the contemporary theme but also in the subject, thus it is possible to criticize the past work provided that there is the direct relation with issues in the contemporary literature However, in the case of Vu Hanh, we see that the quantity of criticism articles is too much Therefore, we temporarily regard the publications he wrote about national literature heritage as the research, thus they are separated into specific items Of course, the research on the past literature heritage by Vu Hanh may also be classified into two parts, literature heritage at the beginning of the 20th century and the quintessence of classical national literature: Kieu Story by Nguyen Du 4.1 About some literary achievements at the beginning of the 20 th century: Drama Gold coin by Vi Huyen Dac Vu Hanh perceived the work in the viewpoint of action art He wanted that the work must show the human life value of the life, change our life not only in the past but also in the present Vu Hanh dissatisfied with the two-way structure of the Gold coin and he claimed that there should be a drastic perception of the artist Structure of the drama failed to identify its value in the new cultural context Therefore, the value of Gold coin remains limited Upon identifying the dramatic action, Vu Hanh saw the hallmark of the author’s thought in each conflict Vi Huyen Dac made the work a thought treatise by focusing on exploiting the dramatics The work becomes a system in which factors have interaction This makes the drama interesting The success on character is also a basis to consider the sustainability of the work The drama bears realistic hallmark on each dialogue The character is not strange but close, not rugged but quite friendly 4.2 Praise of climax of the national literature: Kieu Story by Nguyen Du 4.2.1 The research on Kieu Story in the Southern Vietnam and the appearance of the work entitled Reading Kieu Story again In the period 1954 - 1975, in the Southern Vietnam, there were many critical researchers on Kieu Story but the valued ones were not much It is possible to mention such works as Tran Thanh Hiep with To solve conflict in the New cry on very pain; Nguyen Sa with Nguyen Du on the ways of freedom; Ly Van Hung and Bui Huu Sung with Echo and Shadow art in Kieu Story; Tran Ngoc Ninh with Significance of Kieu Story in the folklore tradition; Nguyen Van Trung with Retrieving Kieu Story Reading Kieu Story again is a work containing articles by Vu Hanh on Kieu Story from 1963 to 1966, published by Cao Thom in 1966 to commemorate 200th 15 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh anniversary of birthday of Nguyen Du (in spite of making efforts, the book was introduced one year later) The author proved the unique creativity of Vu Hanh 4.2.2 Value of Reading Kieu Story again, 1966 In this work, Vu Hanh introduced fairly new issues with unique and extraordinary presentation 4.2.2.1 Eyes of Van and Kieu Vu Hanh put forth the issue of researching eyes of Van, Kieu not because eyes are “the mirror reflecting soul”, or because Nguyen Du only described eyes of Thuy Kieu other than Thuy Van The matter is the eyes in the relation with life attitude of the character, with personality of Thuy Van and Thuy Kieu Description of eyes or not falls in the art intention of Nguyen Du Eyes of Thuy Van are those acquainted with orders, models and forms More importantly, the eyes show the emptiness of soul However, for Kieu, Vu Hanh saw that, in each sight of Kieu, there is the guide of melancholic and emotional heart that is desirous of freedom and self-improvement Vu Hanh saw that, in each sight, Thuy Kieu put her entire vitality 4.2.2.2 Child of Kieu That Kieu has a child is an art supposition proposed by Vu Hanh in order to find out tragedies after reunion of Kieu The view by Vu Hanh makes us realize “the child of Kieu” is not present in the work not because the classical work has no “room” for children but because of art intention of Tien Dien That Kieu has a child will be a great “harm” for the author’s content Vu Hanh analyzed the great grief and endless desperation of Kieu not only in the past painful period but also in the recent “reunion” In fact, after this event, Kieu had an immense emptiness Indifferent guys didn’t expect that “when keeping books away, another grief of Kieu - long and immense - starts again” The final reunion is like a gift like a “false medal” 4.2.2.3 Tu Hai, the failure of clumsiness of a talent Vu Hanh regarded the appearance of Tu Hai in the author as a “failure of clumsiness”, a “beyond measure” of the poet Nguyen Du Tu Hai is a new value born from the author’s consciousness, the image bearing the obsessions from unconscious region of Nguyen Du This makes Tu Hai unrealistic Vu Hanh wondered “is Tu Hai a symbol of a heroic dream?” as Tien Dien recommended in his character 4.2.2.4 Faces of love in Kieu Story 16 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh Love is a big issue in Kieu Story From different “faces” of love, the researcher found an ideal “face” in love Vu Hanh realized that: “If Kim Trong is the symbol of sentiment, Thuc Sinh means instinct sexual desire, Tu Hai is the reason” The ideal lover of Kieu must have such three virtues The incompleteness in love and hard-to-compensate deviation in love of the work lead to tragedy Complete love “requires the coordination between will, sentiment and body to direct towards ability coordination for life” 4.2.2.5 The case of two Nguyen Du of New cry on very pain The article discovered art thought in two aspects: Awareness and unconsciousness It can be said that the Confucian scholar in Nguyen Du governed the art though of the work Such scholar created an image system to protect thought stronghold, social regime in which he enjoyed all rights However, the unconsciousness nourished by the life expectation of Nguyen Du - Reproduced human, formed the creativity for Thuy Kieu and Tu Hai They are the symbol of suppressed expectation in the author Accordingly, the characters in Kieu Storoy are the quintessence of far-reached awareness on human and human value 4.2.3 Some issues of Reading Kieu Story again for the second time Reading Kieu Story for the second time is the way of speaking of Encyclopedia newspaper to indicate articles by Vu Hanh after the Reading Kieu Story again was published in 1966 Three articles later shared a purpose, i.e “refreshing” Kieu Story In the article Extraordinariness in normal Thuy Kieu, Vu Hanh saw that Thuy Kieu had two special virtues that are contrary to each other: Ordinary and extraordinary These two virtues are not incompatible but create a high-leveled unity by the talent of Nguyen Du With Two Thuy Kieu, Vu Hanh discovered creative points in the pen of Nguyen Du From Thuy Kieu by Thanh Tam Tai Nhan “bearing realism and roughness, lacking aesthetics and typical significance to Thuy Kieu by Nguyen Du with much more unanimity and beauty and value” In the Distant visitor, who are you? Vu Hanh realized that such visitor is typical of a downgraded class of people who “throw away books to follow beauty, give up morality to pursue money and forget their mainstay role” 4.3 Overview on the research style of Vu Hanh It can be said that Reading Kieu Story again is a work that can show the most clearly Vu Hanh virtue By his fineness and sensitivity, the researcher led us to new values for the work 17 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh The method of halving subject by introducing a new person, contrary to the existing person and cleverly putting it into where “negligence”, “out of clumsiness” made Vu Hanh find out new values, new significance In particular, Vu Hanh created for himself a particular, unique and individualized research style His articles have the combination between journalistic language and artistic language Vu Hanh was always aware of creating for him a special impression by “refreshing” language However, possibly, the most impression goes to the words of criticism with wide coverage It proves fine and sensitive verification ability together with a quite keen aesthetic perception Above all, in the critical researches by Vu Hanh on the great work of the nation is an artistic thought with cultural and historical depth Through the typical research Reading Kieu Story again, Vu Hanh contributed another voice, concurrently nourishing his artistic real life experience and beautifying the artistic castle Kieu Story His confidence in science supported national pride - a quite necessary “stimulant” for the Southern Vietnam art and literature in this period CHAPTER 5: LITERARY CREATIONS Vu Hanh, during his operation, left many unique and artistic literary creations His works such as short story Blood pen (1958), long story Forest fire (1960), collection of short stories Crossing the rapid (1963), Pearl nature (1964) and a wide range of later works such as medium story Downgraded school (1966), long story Punch, Modern husband (1972), Magnanimous dog (1973) and novel Xa Nieng girl (1973), etc, especially Blood pen created the attention in the art circles and the public His creations show profoundly the national identity and humanity spirit This is concretized in the following basic issues: 5.1 Theme, subject 5.1.1 Mountainous theme Through the novels Forest fire (or Story about Y Kla, 1960); short stories Spring on the high mountain (1962); The howling on Cha Noc mountain peak (1967); novel Xa Nieng girl (1974)… Vu Hanh described the fierce life of the Highlands people by a sincere love and admire He generalized the struggle reality of the mountaineers by his discovery view and sincere love and admire 5.1.2 Theme of chronicle Vu Hanh found strange feelings of the readers on the real life in a past world Like Vien Phuong with La silk color, Vu Hanh erected a legendary space by an illustrative view on the reality From Pearl nature to Crossing the rapid and 18 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh Magnanimous dog…., then they converge the Blood pen as an art hallmark This theme created many feelings for the readers and directly sent a creative message 5.1.3 State of affairs theme With this theme coverage, Vu Hanh presented a diversified perception on the art world Creations: Punch (published for the first time on the Morning News in 1970 - 1971, then renamed as the Revenging the life - 1990); Ideal school (published on the Encyclopedia in 1966), A vicissitudes story (published on the Encyclopedia in 1966); Three new teachers (published on Literature News in 1966); Extended avenue (published on the Literature News Issue in 1966) to such works as Modern husband (1972) described the diversity of real life Vu Hanh helped the reader realize daily worries of normal human, concurrently cleverly reminding of national awareness in each art image 5.2 Character 5.2.1 Epic character associated closely with the national cultural tradition Epic character in the creations by Vu Hanh always shows the diversified perception of the writer The author finds the character not only to explain the world but more importantly to enhance historical value Making the character a matter of focus of literary work, Vu Hanh proceeded to explain his thought by perception on human life In the art world of writer, the image of people associated closely with forest and mountain is a repeated one Hallmark of the character of this type is actually vivid in the image of a mountainous girl who bears the wildness of forest and mountain Xa Nieng girl in Xa Nieng girl and Y Kla in the novel Forest fire are a persistent obsession of a mystical world which civilized people have not undergone They are a totally different extreme compared with what most of the civilized world ever witnessed Reading Vu Hanh, we suddenly realize a cultural interference, a concord in the perception of origin 5.2.2 Character of state of affairs The characters in the work by Vu Hanh always want to show their perception on the world Such people are created by an aesthetic view of human life and an extraordinary passion However, the clearest one for a reality of the Southern Vietnam life in the process of Westernization is the work Punch by Vu Hanh The character Hoang in the story looked back at himself over the past time and withdrew life lessons The work put to each person of national awareness a big question on their responsibility in life and perception on human life value 19 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh Therefore, the biggest success of Vu Hanh in the work is the construction of symbol of human lacking ideal in the process of finding life value Besides, hallmark of the real human is described fairly concretely in such works as Mrs Tu Co, Duck meat piece, Modern husband… For Modern husband, Vu Hanh shows a melancholic perception on the world where values are being provoked, become a ludicrous and contemptible thing 5.3 Art 5.3.1 Legend art Vu Hanh reached the success thanks to his ability to establish art space and push time back to the past to create favorable conditions for speeches to fight Therefore, from Blood pen (1958) to Crossing the rapid (1964) and Pearl nature (1964), there is a nonstop increase in assumed spatial and time structure This is the requisite for “legendary metaphors” intentionally received by Vu Hanh to create great art vitality Epic structure represents the image of human with the combination between epic and normal life This makes writing pages of Vu Hanh both flexible and strong, both gentle and lively Hence, the writer has fulcrum to present his perception on the world However, the most unique and creative thing in Vu Hanh is that the author cleverly created art images with high culture This makes his characters both unified and diversified We can come across art images bearing the long-lasting beauty This is Vietnamese person in the diversity and unification, in the combination of all advantages and disadvantages 5.3.2 Art language innovation Together with literary research and criticism, the works by Vu Hanh continue to show creativity in art language In such works as Blood pen, Pearl nature, Crossing the rapid, we can see a fanciful atmosphere through the ancient and very polished language system Vu Hanh is like a Confucian showing the sparkling beauty of words Art language is shown as an instinct operation, an endless creation of the power of literature We can see that Vu Hanh has the clever combination of classical and modern literature, the intimate refinement of distinguished writing style and the refinement of a philosopher Thus, style has strong to move the people’s heart and evoke the reader the thinking on the mankind Vu Hanh generalized such thing by a consistent thought and a big responsibility for the art work His characters are reviewed at a traditional perception: cultural 20 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh historical perception This perception brings about the stability in structure, in positioning art thinking and accessing soul world of the character The intelligence in language organization helps Vu Hanh gain the confidence to develop systematically technical art organization forms CONCLUSION A developed literature is the one with succession and inheritance, with respect and confirmation of literary values in the past, concurrently keeping improvement to acquire and build up new and modern values The cause of literary theory, criticism, research and creation of Vu Hanh is a heritage of the national art and literature that should still be perceived and evaluated to deserve his achievements during the time living in the middle of enemy Looking back at the Southern Vietnamese literature that was once divided by a serious scientific spirit, by a “purification” view, we increasingly perceive that, this is part of the Modern Vietnamese literature (Phan Cu De) Apart from the factors to be removed, the Southern Vietnamese literature in the period 1954 - 1945 actually has values to be considered for preservation and maintenance Vu Hanh and his literary cause are the same Therefore, in researching Vu Hanh, we not only see that he is a writer towards human life with an inconsolable worry about his mission but also find him a theorist, a critic, a researcher and a creator who keeps making efforts on the way to protect national culture In inheriting selectively, critically acquiring comments by the researchers in both regions before 1975 and the whole country after reunification, for the first time, we have researched comprehensively all fields including literary theory, criticism, research and creation of Vu Hanh and gained some results Once this work is completed, in spite of failure to generalize the face of the Southern Vietnamese literature before 1975, it helps to reaffirm a true literary talent with recognizable contributions It is possible to summarize as follows: Issues of literary theory of Vu Hanh, though not presented quite meticulously and systematically, are progressive perceptions with high practicality His literary issues are accessed and inherited creatively from the Marxist ideology system The valuable thing in Vu Hanh is an unusual enthusiasm, a consistent art thought from front to back, diversified and lively expression The work Studying art and literature is the one with value in terms of revolutionary thought and dialectical materialism Specifically, Vu Hanh perceived clearly the basic issues of modern literary theory such 21 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh as Object of art and literature; Art and literature with thought awareness; Art and literature with reality; Function of art and literature; Writer; Nationality in art and literature Among the issues put forth by Vu Hanh, there are many points he had notable creativity and fairly profound interpretations The reader will remember art and literature in the relation with art affection or the writer with great creativity that he paid attention to studying The respectful point in Vu Hanh is that he always directed literary issues to a perception on a popular art and literature, to “national confidential talk”, concurrently consistently calling on a healthy and humane art attitude No one can expect that in the middle of the Southern Vietnam with violent arrests, terrorisms, unreasonable prohibitions, there was a sharp writer with realistic trend that heightens human and symbolism and typicality in art in order to lead literary perception to a new height, beyond individual intentions, wearies and poverty of many contemporary artists Profoundly perceiving the role of writer in the new era, Vu Hanh was always responsible for renovating reality and renovating human heart by the enthusiasm of a true “master of art and literature” Specifying types of downgraded writers, Vu Hanh bravely voiced and kept supporting a national spirit towards the public Together with other progressive writers, Vu Hanh contributed to orientating the Southern Vietnamese art and literature towards the common struggle of the people in the Southern Vietnam urban areas From literary theory affected by Marxism-Leninism, Vu Hanh approached the Southern Vietnamese literature life in the fields such as story, poem, drama and publications, editions by a progressive viewpoint and contemporary vision The critic showed a diversified style full of struggling spirit and enthusiasm With the awareness of breaking “shelters” built by art and literature people to confine themselves, making themselves an outsider away from the big life, turning their back on calls for help in life, Vu Hanh showed his attitude and standpoint against hack writers With declined literature, he wrote directly criticizing or profoundly ironical articles Criticizing dirty and stuffy individual lifestyle and lusty calls, Vu Hanh contributed to preventing the declination of art and literature, striking a warning for the writers who were “realizing path” or seeing clearly the “path” However, he didn’t omit artworks with authentic purpose and true sincere attitudes Therefore, we can see in the criticism articles on the works by Do Thuc Vinh, Son Nam, Vu Khac Khoan and Nghiem Xuan Hong a person always stay awake with writing page, a soul keen and sensitive to profound and easygoing judgments on human and work 22 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh In researching literary heritages of the nation, Vu Hanh took the Gold coin by Vi Huyen Dac back to the readers in the Southern Vietnam urban area and further affirmed the position of the work In particular, for Reading Kieu Story, Vu Hanh not only realized new values on the work thought but also showed new ways in discovering art From perceiving the work thought, Vu Hanh realized the world of freedom, equity aspirations and sympathy for sharing, deep worry with pains and unhappiness that are concealed every day by a person with “high official position”, Confucian person Creativity comes from unconsciousness, aspiration comes from emotions for years, which created the “out of clumsiness” for Tu Hai, a new “face” for the love and a new Nguyen Du for Kieu Story Kieu Story is an expression of deep heart of Nguyen Du, where the human in officialdom couldn’t keep the people coming from deep emotions, coming from sincere aspirations Art life also comes from such person The characters in Kieu Story become lively and rich in humanity significance, which is caused by the awake of Human life person - Nguyen Du Vu Hanh discovered Kieu Story to bring the heart of the poet Tien Dien to us so that we can live in endless pride of such talented person, thereby keeping wondering about our life attitude in front of the invaluable literary treasure of the nation In literary creation, Vu Hanh directed towards a national and contemporary art world His creation became the bright point in aesthetic concept For the first time, we can see the cultural beauty in the approach to life, in affirming progressive human life values The writer took an endless cultural life into his work, making each sentence, each word sparkling and beautiful Combining the beauty of historical and legendary human image with contemporary human full of worries, Vu Hanh actually moved the reader by the images with high ability of changing Not sophisticated in sentences and words but by his heart, his literature achieved unusual refinement And through the art world of the writer, we have chance to see a profound patriotic spirit concealed by the legendary, epic and real life characters Theory and creation exist at the same time and bring into full play their value in the literary characters, creating the aesthetic cultural beauty and enhancing the creativity of Vu Hanh In short, it can be see that, based on initially imbuing with revolutionary literary thought, Vu Hanh built a progressive national art and literature viewpoint, thereby making a “movement aesthesis” (Bielinxki) into the practical art and literature in the Southern Vietnam urban in the period 1954 - 1975, trying to praise climax of culture and national literature All seems to be supported in relation to national creation of the writer in the periods of struggling in the middle of enemy Although it is impossible to 23 nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh nha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anhnha.van.vu.hanh.li.luan phe.binh nghien.cuu sang.tac.ban.tom.tat.luan.an.tieng.anh