Báo cáo nghiên cứu nông nghiệp " Forest Tree Seed –definitions and concepts " pot

1 Forest Tree Seed – definitions and concepts 2 Concepts to define – 1 1. Provenance 2. Race 3. Land Race 4. Family 5. Seedlot 6. Genetic gain 3 1. Provenance • Place where seed was collected • Refers to natural forests, not plantations • Provenance boundaries not always well defined • Provenances may have different genetic adaptation 4 1. Provenance • Example – E. camaldulensis 5 2. Race • Subdivision of a species, with genetically similar individuals. • Sometimes synonymous with provenance. • Races separated using observed differences. • For example, wood basic density, bark thickness, and flowering patterns have been used to define E. globulus races 6 3. Land Race • Introduced trees that are adapted to an environment after several generations. 7 3. Land Race • Introduced trees that are adapted to an environment after several generations. • Advantage: Selection may help land races adapt to a new environment. 8 3. Land Race • Introduced trees that are adapted to an environment after several generations. • Advantage: Natural selection helps land races adapt to a new environment. • Disadvantages: May not be from the best natural provenances, and/or may come from very small genetic base. 9 4. Family • Individuals with parents in common. 10 4. Family • Individuals with parents in common. • Half-sib family: One parent in common (mother for trees). Father is unknown, through natural pollination. [...]... in Sri Lanka 22 Seed drying in sun (what type of seed ?) 23 10 Seed Stand • High quality stand • Natural stand OR Plantation • Modified (thinning) to enhance seed production • If plantation – prefer to know its ORIGIN 24 11 Seed Production Area • Area established with objective of seed production • Established with seed from KNOWN superior source(s) – more than 40 parents (>40 single tree collections... Progeny: Trees produced from seed of a known parent 12 4 Family • SINGLE TREE COLLECTION seed collected from 1 mother tree (i.e progeny will be a half-sib family) 13 4 Family • SINGLE TREE COLLECTION seed collected from 1 mother tree (i.e progeny will be a half-sib family) • Half-sib family: One parent in common (mother for trees) Father is unknown, through natural pollination • Progeny: Trees produced... From superior provenances /seed sources • High quality, intensive management - regular assessment - heavy rogueing/thinning 28 12 Seed Orchard CLONAL SEED ORCHARD • Clones (grafts or rooted cuttings) from parents intensively selected • Randomised to minimise selfing SEEDLING SEED ORCHARD • >60 single tree seedlots, from superior provenances /seed sources 29 Open pollinated seedling orchard - Deniliquin... pollination • Progeny: Trees produced from seed of a known parent 14 5 Seedlot • Collection from a stand in one location at ONE POINT IN TIME • Reference number – links to seed collection information, storage, dispatch etc • Can be a “bulk” or a group of single tree collections from the 1 stand, or both (“Bulk” = seed from >1 parent) 15 5 Seedlot code • For a bulk seedlot to be REPRESENTATIVE of a provenance,... 17 Concepts to define – 2 7 8 9 Orthodox Seed Unorthodox Seed Recalcitrant Seed 18 7 Orthodox Seed • Seeds can be dried down to low moisture content (5%) & successfully stored at low temperatures for long periods 19 8 Unorthodox Seed • Seed that is not orthordox can not be dried down to low moisture content (5%) can not be successfully stored at low temperatures for long periods 20 9 Recalcitrant Seed. .. abundant production of high seed – careful selection of superior trees – heavy early thinning 25 11 Seed Production Area • Could be developed from a provenance trial - total removal of poor provenances - very heavy thinning of other provenances 26 E dunnii Seed Production Area, Liuzhou 11-years old – no flowers (no seed) 12 Seed Orchard • Pedigree known (and recorded for every tree) • Statistically designed... Individuals with parents in common • Half-sib family: One parent in common (mother for trees) Father is unknown, through natural pollination • Full-sib family: Both parents in common Generated by controlled (artificial) pollination 11 4 Family • Individuals with parents in common • Half-sib family: One parent in common (mother for trees) Father is unknown, through natural pollination • Full-sib family: Both . 1 Forest Tree Seed – definitions and concepts 2 Concepts to define – 1 1. Provenance 2. Race 3. Land Race 4. Family 5. Seedlot 6. Genetic gain 3 1. Provenance • Place where seed was collected •. Family • SINGLE TREE COLLECTION seed collected from 1 mother tree (i.e. progeny will be a half-sib family) 14 4. Family • SINGLE TREE COLLECTION seed collected from 1 mother tree (i.e. progeny. variability h 2 → genetic control i → selection intensity 18 Concepts to define – 2 7. Orthodox Seed 8. Unorthodox Seed 9. Recalcitrant Seed 19 7. Orthodox Seed • Seeds can be dried down to low moisture content