D VocabularyMeansExampleAnniversary N the day on which an important event happened in a previous yearTomorrow is not only my birthday but also my parents'''' 40th wedding anniversary.Mandat
Nhóm _ Project English A group work report Họ tên Mã sinh viên Nhiệm vụ Tham gia buổi hoạt động nhóm Đủ Mức độ hồn thành cơng việc 100% Mức độ đóng góp Điểm Bùi Tường Vi 24A4012142 5th Article 20% 10 Dương Thu Trang 24A4011892 1st Article Đủ 100% 20% 10 Trần Thị 24A4012352 Hà Vy 2nd Article Đủ 100% 20% 10 Vũ Thị Thanh Huyền 24A4012076 3rd Article Đủ 100% 20% 10 Vi Thị Dung 24A4012929 4th Article Đủ 100% 20% 10 1st Article: Multiple choice (Topic: Culture) Gift Giving Traditions Around the World Ký nhận Giving gifts is a tradition as old as mankind itself When you give a gift to someone, it tells them that they are special in some way to you We give and receive gifts for many occasions, like birthdays, Mother’s Days, Christmas, on our anniversary, In fact, gift-giving is so integral to our world that many nations developed interesting traditions around it Here are some of the most interesting ones Japan: When giving a gift in Japan you should be very careful The Japanese people attach great importance to gifts and consider them something that is mandatory, not just a kind gesture It is not desirable to surprise them, as they will be embarrassed if they cannot immediately return something to the gift giver Therefore, it is a good idea to discreetly advise them that you will give them a small memento of your meeting The gift is given exclusively in private, and it is not common to open it immediately Korea: In Korea, it is extremely rude to give or receive a gift using only one hand, especially if it is the left hand You must always use both hands at once if doing so The writing on Korean New Years greeting cards or gifts are never with a predominantly red color, as it is used for announcing funerals Also, avoid gifts that come in sets of four as they symbolize death in Korea Arab: Gifts are not as important to the Arabs as to other people They represent something that “gives hospitality a wider dimension” When someone comes to dinner, small gifts such as flowers and candy are common, and as a sign of special affection, silver, crystals, porcelain, and famous brand items are very appreciated Handkerchiefs of any kind associate them with parting and tears and should be avoided Ireland: Don’t be surprised if your gift is refused a couple of times in Ireland This tradition comes from a time when they had the potato famine, and because of this, the recipients are making sure that you can really part from the item that you are offering It will also show great humility if you refuse the gift they are offering you a couple of times The standard reply in Ireland when someone receives a gift is “you shouldn’t have gone through all that trouble.” Beyond the gift itself, give careful consideration to the manner in which it is presented Different cultures have different customs regarding how a gift should be offered - using only your right hand or using both hands, for example Understanding these traditions and customs, as well as taking time to choose an appropriate gift, will help you to avoid any awkwardness or embarrassment as you seek to build a better cross-cultural relationship (Source:https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/03/31/gift-giving-traditions-around-theworld/) Question 1: Which of the following is the best title of the passage ? A Cultural differences in gift - giving around the world B The customs of receiving gifts around the world C The traditions of receiving and giving gifts around the world D The occasions of giving gifts around the world Question 2: Which of the following is not an occasion to give gifts ? A birthdays B Mother’s Day C celebration D funeral Question 3: Why in Japan should you discreetly advise someone before giving them a gift ? A Because they won't like the gift B Because they will be embarrassed if they cannot immediately return something to the gift giver C Because they are afraid to receive gifts from others D Because they will embarrassed when they don't want to receive gifts Question 4: The word “it" in paragraph refers to which of the following ? A greeting cards B gift C red color D the writing Question 5: The word “predominantly " is closest in meaning to A mostly B totally C absolutely D partially Question 6: According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT true about Arab gift-giving customs ? A Small gifts like flowers or candy as an expression of special affection B Gifts are not important to the Arabs C The gift represents hospitality D You should not choose a handkerchief as a gift in Arab because it is associated with parting Question 7: In Ireland, the refusal of a gift represents _ A Your polite manners B You can really part from the item that you are offering C You are a humble person D You have gone through a lot of trouble Question 8: What is the main idea of last paragraph ? A Useful advice for you is to use both hands to give gifts B Understanding gift-giving customs will help you avoid awkward situations C Variety of gift-giving customs around the world D The manners of giving and receiving gifts Question 9: According to the passage, in which country is a gift appreciated and not just an expression of kindness ? A Japan B Arab C Korea D Ireland Question 10: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage ? A In Japan, it is customary to open gifts immediately to show gratitude B In Korea, the writing on Korean New Years greeting cards or gifts is usually red C In Arab, such things as silver, crystals, porcelain, and famous brand items is not considered a suitable gift because it is too expensive D In Ireland, the tradition of refusing gifts stems from the potato famine Answer: A D B C A B C B A 10 D Vocabulary Anniversary (N) Means the day on which an important event happened in a previous year Example Tomorrow is not only my birthday but also my parents' 40th wedding anniversary Mandatory (Adj) if something is mandatory, the law says it must be done Desirable (N) that you would like to have or do, worth having or doing According to the law, wearing a helmet for motorbike riders is mandatory Management is considered as a highly desirable job Immediately (Adv) now or without waiting or thinking Memento (N) an object that you keep to remember a person, place, or event Exclusively (Adv) for only one particular person or group The boss asks him to finish the job immediately or he will be fired I picked up a seashell on the beach as a memento of a past vacation The restaurant is almost exclusively for a high-society public Predominantly (Adv) mostly or mainly In India there is a predominantly Muslim community Hospitality (N) the act of being friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors The hospitality of the locals has attracted a lot of visitors to this town for tourism Appreciate (V) something being valued or treasured The value of her house has appreciated by twenty percent in the last three years feelings or signs of shame, or a situation that is difficult and not relaxed On the first date I felt his awkwardness but then he took the initiative to talked to me and we had a nice dinner Awkwardness (N) 2nd Article: Q&A (Topic: The nature world) The honey badger It looks harmless and vulnerable But the honey badgers are afraid of nothing… and will attack and eat almost everything The honey badger (Melivora capensis), is an African and south-Asian mammal that has a reputation for being one of the world's most fearless animals, despite its small size And in spite of its gentle-sounding name, it is also one of its most aggressive Honey badgers have been known to attack lions, buffalo, and snakes three times their size Even humans are not safe from a honey badger if it thinks the human will attack or harm it They are also extremely tough creatures and can recover quickly from injuries that would kill most other animals At first glance, honey badgers look like the common European badger They are usually between 75cm and meter long, although males are about twice the size of females They are instantly recognisable by gray and white stripes, a wise thing to do, reveals pointed teeth, and sharp front claws that extend from the top of the head to the tail Closer inspection, which is probably not which can be four centimeters in length Honey badgers are meat-eating animals with an extremely varied diet They mainly eat a range of small creatures like beetles, lizards and birds, but will also catch larger reptiles like snakes and small crocodiles Some mammals, such as foxes, antelope and wild cats also form part of their diet The badgers locate their prey mainly using their excellent sense of smell, and catch most of their prey through digging During a 24-hour period, they may dig as many as fifty holes, and travel more than 40 kilometers They are also good climbers, and can easily climb very tall trees to steal eggs from birds' nests, or catch other tree-dwelling creatures As their name suggests, honey badgers have always been associated with honey, although they not actually eat it It is the highly nutritious bee eggs (called 'brood') that they prefer, and they will anything to find it They usually cause a lot of damage to the hive in the process, and for this reason, humans are one of their main predators Bee-keepers will often set special traps for honey badgers, to protect their hives One of the most fascinating aspects of the honey badger is its working relationship with a bird called the greater honeyguide (Indicator Indicator) This bird deliberately guides the badger to beehives, then waits while the badger breaks into the hive and extracts the brood The two creatures, bird and mammal, then share the brood between them (Source:http://uniglobe.edu.vn/bai-viet/-IELTS-HOPECO-Reading-Unit-5-AnimalWorld-WB-4-55-370 ) Where can honey badgers be found ? => They can be found in Africa and South Asia Are honey badges a mammal? => Yes, they are What they look like? =>At first glance, honey badgers look like the common European badger They are usually between 75cm and meter long, although males are about twice the size of females They are instantly recognisable by gray and white stripes, a wise thing to do, reveals pointed teeth, and sharp front claws that extend from the top of the head to the tail Closer inspection, which is probably not which can be four centimeters in length What is the size of honey badgers ? Recommended for you Document continues below Student handouts 35 chapter Economics 11 100% (1) Pathways LS Student Book Level Unit 4… Pháp luật kinh doan… 100% (1) Ielts Vocabulary 85 Booster Pháp luật kinh doan… 100% (1) 6183.2105.02-01 147 VCS-4G 6.0… Phát triển dịch vụ gi… 100% (2) => They are usually between 75cm and meter long, although males are about twice the size of females What foods honey badgers eat ? => They eat a range of small creatures like beetles, lizards and birds; larger reptiles like snakes and small crocodiles; and some mammals such as foxes, antelope, wild cats,… According to the passage, how honey badgers locate their prey? => They use their excellent sense of smell, and catch most of their prey through digging Which food honey badgers enjoy best? => Their favorite food is bee egg ( called brood ) What is a honey badger afraid of ? => The honey badger is not afraid of anything How the bee-keepers protect beehives from honey badgers ? => They set special traps 10 What is one of the most fascinating aspects of the honey badger? => It is its working relationship with a bird called the greater honeyguide (Indicator Indicator) Vocabulary Vulnerable (Adj) Means weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally Example Old people are vulnerable to the flu Reputation (N) the opinion that people have about what He has a good somebody/something is like, based on reputation what has happened in the past Instantly (Adv) immediately Aggressive (Adj) angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack Her voice is instantly recognizable The dog became increasingly aggressive as the evening wore on Reveal (V) Claw (N) to make something known to somebody Her expression revealed nothing one of the sharp curved nails on the end The cat lashed out with of an animal’s or a bird’s foot its claws easy to know or identify Her voice is instantly recognisable He loves to hunt for beetles Deliberately (Adv) an insect, often large and black, with a hard case on its back, covering its wings There are several types of beetle done in a way that was planned, not by chance Extract (V) to remove or take out somthing The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking Recognisable (Adj) Beetle (N) She's been deliberately ignoring him all day 3rd Article: T/F (Topic: Culture) STREET ART - NEW CULTURE OF THE CITIES Street Art is a very popular form of art that is spreading quickly all over the world You can find it on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and trash cans from Tokyo to Paris, from Moscow to Cape Town Street art has become a global culture and even art museums and galleries are collecting the work of street artists Street art started out very secretly because it is illegal to paint public and private property without permission People often have different opinions about street art Some think it is a crime and others think it is a very beautiful new form of culture Art experts claim that the movement began in New York in the 1960s Young adults sprayed words and other images on walls and trains This colorful, energetic style of writing became known as graffiti Graffiti art showed that young people wanted to rebel against society They didn’t want to accept rules and travelled around cities to create paintings that every one could see In many cases they had trouble with the police and the local government One well-known New York Street artist is Swoon She cuts out paper images of people and puts them on walls and or sets them up on sidewalks Swoon didn’t start her career as a street artist She studied art but, as time went on, got bored with the work she saw in museums and galleries The people in New York enjoy Swoon’s strong and imaginative style Some museums have already bought some of her work Many street corners in Paris show the work of Space Invader The French artist uses small pieces of glass to make images of space creatures He has been doing this for some years and the police have arrested him a few times On his website you can see many other places where he has created this form of art Street artists their work for a reason Some of them not like artists who make so much money in galleries and museums They choose street art because it is closer to the people Some artists try to express their political opinion in their work They often want to protest against big firms and corporations Others like to things that are forbidden and hope they don’t get caught Advertising companies also use street art in their ads because it gives you the impression of youth and energy The New York department store Saks Fifth Avenue recently used a street artist’s design for their shop windows and shopping bags In today’s world the Internet has a big influence on street art Artists can show their pictures to an audience all over the world Many city residents, however, say that seeing a picture on the Internet is never as good as seeing it live The street art movement lives with the energy and life of a big city There it will continue to change and grow (Source:https://www.english-online.at/art-architecture/street-art/graffiti-streetartists.htm ) Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage above? Answer True (T) or False (F) to questions 1–10 True (T) Street art is becoming more and more popular in the world Street art started out public and painted on public and private property People think street art is a very beautiful new form of culture In New York in the 1960s, graffiti started by young people who wanted to rebel against society Swon studied art before becoming a street artist She studied art because she was interested in working in galleries and museums Space Invader is created from small pieces of glass Street artists their work to make money in galleries and museums ads The store Saks Fifth Avenue uses street art in their False (F) 10 Many city residents say that they like to see pictures on the internet Answer: T F F T F F T T T 10 F Vocabulary Sidewalk (N) Secret (N) Property (N) Society (N) Accept = agree to (V) Create (V) Local (Adj) Permission = to Means a path with a hard surface on one or both sides of a road, that people walk on a piece of information that is only known by one person or a few people and should not be told to others Example Keep on the sidewalk, Rosie, there's a good girl A close couple should have no secrets from each other an object or objects that belong to someone Children need to be taught to have respect for other people's property These changes strike at the heart of American modern society a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to thing and sharing the word that needs to be done All the people in a country, or in several similar countries to agree to take something I offered her an apology, but she wouldn't accept it to make something new, He created a wonderful or invent something meal from very few ingredients from, existing in, serving, Most of the local or responsible for a small area, population depend on especially of a country fishing for their income If someone is given permission to You will need be allowed to something (V) something, they are allowed to it permission from your parents to go on the trip Creature (N) any large or small living thing that can move independently the group of people together in one place to watch or listen to a play, film, someone speaking, etc Rainforests are filled with amazing creatures She lectures to audiences all over the world Audience (N) 4th Article: Matching (Topic: Culture) WHAT IS CHINESE'S Culinary Culture? There are many different cuisines in China Each province has its own special style of cooking There is Beijing cuisine, Hunan or Hubai cuisine, Shanghai cuisine, Szechwan cuisine, Cantonese cuisine, Hakka cuisine1, etc The most well known cuisines are Szechwan and Cantonese The Szechwan cuisine has the spiciest dishes They use a lot of chili paste, red pepper, and hot oil in their food The most famous Szechwan dishes are hot chili eggplant, twice-cooked pork, Szechwan beef, Ma Po Tofu, and Kung Pau Chicken These dishes are all very spicy and delicious The Cantonese cuisine is the most well known cuisine in the Chinese community In fact, in China, they say, “Eating is in Canton.” Cantonese people are known to be quite particular and have high expectations about their food All the vegetables, poultry, and ingredients have to be fresh The timing of the cooking is very crucial Dishes must not be overcooked, and the texture of the food has to be just right with the freshness and tenderness still remaining For this reason, Cantonese food is very popular Soup is also essential in Cantonese cuisine It consists of different ingredients and herbs and is boiled to a rich and tasty soup before it is served There are many kinds of soup and each soup has it’s own function or purpose Cantonese women believe that “to win a man’s heart, she must first learn how to cook a good pot of soup.” The Chinese always pay attention to food and drink such as the freshness of vegetables, the taste of the dishes They always put those issues first to ensure good health A typical Chinese’s meal usually consists of rice, soup and three to four side dishes Dishes are made of seasonal vegetables, fresh seafood or bite-size portion of meat or poultry Because Chinese expect to have fresh fruit and vegetable in their daily meals, it is not difficult to comply with a provider’s suggestion to increase intake of these items However, it might be more of a drastic change to ask an anemic Chinese patient to add more meat to her diet to help control her anemia Again, in Chinese food, meat portions are usually small, and often used for the purpose of flavoring the dish or soup It might be helpful if the provider recognizes the challenge of increasing meat intake and suggests culturally appropriate ways to so For example, the patient could add meat to dishes that were originally purely vegetable (e.g., adding chicken to boy choy, minced meat to green beans, or beef to Chinese broccoli, aka “gai lan”) Rice and noodles are a very important part in the Chinese diet Rice and noodles are equivalent to potato and pasta in the western diet Handfuls of bite-sized meat and vegetables accompany the rice and noodles Almost every meal uses rice The different types of rice are sweet rice, long grain rice, short grain rice, jasmine rice, and brown rice The different ways to prepare rice are steamed rice, rice soup, fried rice, and pot rice People living in south China especially consume large amounts of rice On the northside of China, people consume more noodles or steam buns (bread) Polished rice (white rice) contains 25% carbohydrates and small amounts of iodine, iron, magnesium, and phosphate.4 For brown rice, the bran part has not been removed from the rice In the old days, only the poor Chinese people ate brown rice, but now studies show that brown rice actually contains more vitamin B than the polished rice There are many processes involved before the white rice is ready for the market Rice is treated most respectfully in China Every grain of rice represents a hardship of labor Parents always tell their children to finish every grain of rice in the bowl; otherwise, they will marry someone with a pimple-scarred face Chinese noodles come in different sizes and shapes They can be cooked in the soup or stir-fried, which is known as “chow mien.” Noodles are usually served for breakfast, lunch, or late snacks During birthday celebrations, noodles are served to symbolize long life The longer the noodle, the longer the life will be for the birthday person Accompanying meat and vegetables are chopped up into small pieces and stirfried or steamed A dinner meal usually has soup in the middle, surrounded by to main dishes of vegetables, seafood, and poultry dishes Chinese bakeries carry pastries and sweet buns filled with delights such as red bean paste, egg custard, BBQ pork, or coconut cream Families eat them on the run for breakfast, or to curb a midday snack attack Hong Kong bakeries are known for their wide variety of baked and steamed buns, which may have been influenced by English high tea culture during British rule of the colony Northern Chinese are known for their fluffy white buns, which may be served in place of rice during meals In the US, we often see these white buns served with Peking Duck Nguồn:https://ethnomed.org/resource/chinese-food-cultural-profile/#:~:text=There %20are%20many%20different%20cuisines,cuisines%20are%20Szechwan%20and %20Cantonese MATCHING: Based on the above text Match the question in column A with the best answer in column B A B What is the main content of paragraph one? A The taste of sweet cakes in China The most well known cuisine in the Chinese community B The important role of rice in meals Eat with a specific plan Food that people eat every day C Popularity of chinese noodles D Famous cuisines in each region During birthday E Cantonese cooking secrets celebrations, What are served to symbolize long life What is the snack that F Ensure nutrition in every meal and health problems everyone who loves sweets wants to eat 7.What is the most famous cuisine in Szechwan? 8.Soup 9.Rice and noodles are equivalent to G potato and pasta in the western diet H.Every grain of rice represents a hardship of labor I It consists of different ingredients and herbs and is boiled to a rich and tasty soup before it is served 10.Rice is treated most respectfully in China K.Kung Pau Chicken 1D Famous cuisines in each region is the main content of paragraphh 2E According to paragraph 2, the Cantonese cuisine is the most well known cuisine in the Chinese community 3F According to paragraph 3, The Chinese always pay attention to food and drink such as the freshness of vegetables, the taste of the dishes because it’s impact on your health 4B According to paragraph 4, Rice is the staple food for every meal 5C According to paragraph 5, during birthday celebrations, noodles are served to symbolize long life The longer the noodle, the longer the life will be for the birthday person 6.A According to paragraph 6, cake are a favorite for people who love to eat sweets 7K According to paragraph 1, The most famous cuisine in Szechwan is Kung Pau Chicken 8I According to paragraph 2, Soup consists of different ingredients and herbs and is boiled to a rich and tasty soup before it is served There are many kinds of soup and each soup has it’s own function or purpose 9G According to paragraph 4, Rice and noodles are equivalent to potato and pasta in the western diet 10H, According to paragraph 4, Rice is treated most respectfully in China Every grain of rice represents a hardship of labor Answer: V8I.7K9G, 10H Vocabulary D E F B C A Means Example Cuisine (N) a style of cooking Pepper (N) One of the most famous Chinese cuisines such as Peking duck, West Lake vinegar fish, Sichuan tofu, a powder made from dried berries Peking duck is a famous (called peppercorns), used to give a dish in China, one of the hot, spicy taste to food spices to create that dish is pepper chickens, ducks and geese, kept for He rears rabbits and poultry their meat or eggs in the garden Poultry (N) Ingredients (N) one of the things from which something is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish a plant whose leaves, flowers or seeds are used to add taste to food, in medicines or for their pleasant smell meat, usually beef, that has been cut up into very small pieces, often using a special machine Mix all the ingredients in a bowl Diet (N) the food and drink that you eat and drink regularly The doctor put me on a low-salt diet to reduce my blood pressure Steam (V) to place food over boiling water so that it cooks in the steam; to be cooked in this way I steamed dumplings and vegetables for dinner Stir-fry (V) a method of frying food while mixing it quickly, or food cooked this way Stir-fry the chicken for one minute, then add the vegetables Broccoli (N) a vegetable with a green stem or Green vegetables that can stems and a mass or several masses be used to stir-fry or boil or of flower buds at the top cook soup are broccoli Herbs (N) Mincemeat (N) Farmers began to grow medicinal herbs substituting drugs that in the past were collected in the wild It was mincemeat with onions for dinner 5th Article: Summarizing (Topic: The nature world) Are plants intelligent? Science is beginning to think so In 2013, The New Yorker published an article that set the plant sciences world on fire, forever changing the way both the public and researchers looked at and studied the plant kingdom The article introduced the world to the idea that plants may not be the benign organisms we all thought they were, but could exhibit intelligent behavior “The Intelligent Plant,” is a deep dive into the science of plant intelligence, postulating that despite an absence of a brain, plants are capable of certain levels of intelligent behavior that was previously unheard of At the time, this was considered a hot take, bordering on outrageous The plant biology community wasted no time proclaiming that the claim was completely baseless Fast forward to 2019 There are now dozens of research papers, hundreds of articles, and hours of video prepared and published by plant biologists and neurobiologists discussing the many facets of plant intelligence Through rigorous research and experimentation, the following behavioral characteristics have now been established and can be attributed to plants: •Communication •Learning •Problem Solving •Memory & Memory Recall Let’s talk about plant communication One key area of interest gaining quite a bit of support recently is the idea that plants have the ability to communicate with one another, and have the ability to share information and resources between organisms There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that plants, trees in particular, can communicate with one another This communication occurs through underground Mycorrhizal networks, or cobweb-like networks of mushroom mycelial growth that grows around the root structures of trees These Mycorrhizal networks have affectionately been dubbed the “Wood Wide Web,” and scientists hypothesize that they can be used for anything from nutrient transportation to signaling that a potential threat such as a caterpillar, is nearby Essentially, these Mycorrhizal networks are creating an internet-like communication network between trees These networks may even allow an entire forest to communicate Evolutionarily speaking, it makes sense why plants might pursue communication methods Plants are stationary and don’t have the luxury of running away when predators are near Nor they have the ability to go spread their seeds or pollinate the area in which they occupy In order to combat their mobility limitations, communication would be an incredibly useful adaptation With this in mind, the idea of plants forming a symbiotic relationship with nearby fungi to exchange messages and resources is an incredible way of circumventing what some might consider an evolutionary hindrance But that’s evolution for you… Plants and classical conditioning Intelligence can’t solely be determined by two or more plants interacting with one another But what if plants can learn from experiences like Pavlov and his dogs? Can plants be taught? To find out, a research team from Western Australia University designed an experiment to test pea plants’ ability to respond favorably to a stimulus and reward system They began by conditioning the plants to associate the breeze from a fan (stimulus) with light (food) Each day the team would turn on the fan at the same time they turned on the lights This created an association with the plants that the fan’s breeze means food is coming Within four days, researchers were 100 percent successful in teaching the plants to respond to the fan without turning on the lights This means that the plants leaned towards the fan when they felt the breeze without the lights having been turned on The stimulus alone was enough to cause a response, just as Pavlov was able to teach his dogs to salivate to the ringing of a bell without providing food – thus discovering classical conditioning The goal of the experiment was to prove whether plants could learn through experience, an idea that seemed implausible Ultimately, the researchers succeeded in not only their experiment, but also in proving that plants can actually learn Plant memory As research and experimentation continue into the mechanisms of plant memory, you can’t help but ask the question, how can something without a brain have memories? Now that studies have determined that plants can indeed learn and create memories, figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step But how we know that plants can generate memories, or better yet, remember things in general? A study published in 2014 took on that very question It determined that plants can, indeed, make memories, and can display their memory recall though learned response Better yet, they were able to learn quickly – in as little as one day Lack of nervous system aside, the mimosa pudica, or “sensitive plant,” started displaying learned responses in as little as one day To understand the experiment, you need to familiarize yourself with the mimosa pudica plant and its unique “reflex” that causes its leaves to fold into the stem This reaction serves it well when grazing animals are nearby, as it can disguise itself The experiment was conducted by dropping the mimosa plant 60 times at 5-second intervals using a custom-built elevator-like system, resulting in the plant’s unique folding reflex After dropping 60 times, the plant stopped folding its leaves It was as if it knew that the drop would cause it no harm The experiment included 56 different mimosa plants, most of which exhibited a learned response to stop curling In essence, the plant was able to memorize the fall and the outcome It learned that it no longer needed to curl or fold its leaves in response to the action So, are plants intelligent? The question as to whether plants are smart is still a hotly debated topic However, as more research comes in, the more it seems to indicate plant intelligence as a very real possibility As it stands now, there’s strong enough evidence available right now to suggest further investigation, which means more research is on the way So, are plants intelligent? Stay tuned (Source: https://www.ambius.com/blog/are-plants-intelligent/ ) Testing for Intelligence in Plants Plants can 'think' focused on the way trees are able to organize themselves, (1) with one another, and have the ability to share information and resources between organisms Through (2) _ networks, or cobweb-like networks of mushroom mycelial growth that grows around the root structures of trees, the trees may share information about gravity, moisture, light, pressure, volume, gases, salts, microbes and potential (3) _, and plants receiving the information may change the direction of their growth, restrain their growth, or pass on warnings to other plants A study team set out to test the intelligence of plants through their (4) _ to danger They chose the (5) _ plant because it has developed an adaptation through which it counters threats by folding its leaves The team tested this by (6) _ the plants 60 times The fall was not harmful, but the plants did (7) _ their leaves when they were dropped However, another research team was focused on the question of intelligence, and did not want to simply test the plant's immediate (8) _ This exercise was therefore repeated to see if the plants would recollect their (9) _ and understand that it was not harmful Eventually the plant's leaves stopped closing, they concluded that plants could (10) _ through experience that this was not a danger Answer: communicate dropping Mycorrhiza fold threat reaction responses experience mimosa pudica 10 learn Vocabulary Benign (Adj) Means not causing damage or harm Example The industry's environmental impact is relatively benign, even positive Organism (N) a living thing, especially one that is The cell is the unit of which extremely small all living organisms are composed Postulate (V) to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container Outrageous (Adj) very unusual and intended to shock She says the most people slightly outrageous things sometimes Mycorrhiza (N) Mycorrhizae are a symbiotic A Mycorrhizal network is association between plant roots and an underground network fungi found in forests and other plant communities Stationary (Adj) not moving; not intended to be moved The car remained stationary Fold (V) to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part lies on top of another part The bird folded its wings Respond to (V) to give a spoken or written answer to somebody/something She never responds to my letter Figure out (V) to think about somebody/something until you understand them/it I'm trying to figure out a way to make this work Ultimately (Adv) in the end; finally A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness More from: Vi Thị Dung… 857 Học viện Ngân hàng Discover more 24 Tthcm QUAN ĐIỂM CỦA HỒ CHÍ MINH… Lịch Sử Đảng 100% (1) Nhóm 06 Sự cần thiết an tồn v… Tài tiền tệ None WHAT IS Chinese'S Culinary Culture Tiếng anh 3 None Một số lỗi gặp phải bảo mật… Tài tiền tệ Recommended for you None Student handouts 35 chapter Economics 11 85 100% (1) Pathways LS Student Book Level Unit 4… Pháp luật kinh doan… 100% (1) Ielts Vocabulary Booster Pháp luật kinh doan… 100% (1) 6183.2105.02-01 147 VCS-4G 6.0… Phát triển dịch vụ… 100% (2)