THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUTIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES TRẦN THỊ KHƯƠNG LIÊN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF NOMINAL SUBSTITUTION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE CONVERSATION (Phân tích đối chiếu phép danh từ ngôn hội thoại tiếng Anh tiếng Việt) MINOR PROGRAM THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.22.15 Hanoi, 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES TRẦN THỊ KHƯƠNG LIÊN A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF NOMINAL SUBSTITUTION IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE CONVERSATION ( Phân tích đối chiếu phép danh từ ngôn hội thoại tiếng Anh tiếng Việt) MINOR PROGRAM THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60.22.15 Supervisor: Nguyen Huyen Minh, M.A Hanoi, 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION……………………………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………… ii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………… iii TABLE OFCONTENTS……………………………………………………… iv ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………… vii PART A INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………… 1 Rationale of the study………………………………………………………… Aims and objectives of the study………………………………………………… 2.1 Aims…………………………………………………………………… 2.2.Objectives………………………………………………………………… 2.3 Research questions……………………………………………………… Scope of the study……………………………………………………………… Methodology of the study……………………………………………………… Organization of the study………………………………………………………… PART B DEVELOPMENT……………………………………………………… Chapter Theoretical Background……………………………………………… 1.1 The theories of discourse……………………………………………………… 1.1.1 The concept of discourse……………………………………………… 1.1.2 Discourse and Sentence……………………………………………… 1.1.3 Discourse and Text…………………………………………………… 1.1.4 Discourse analysis……………………………………………………… 1.1.5 Spoken and Written Discourse………………………………………… 1.2 The theories of conversation…………………………………………………… 1.2.1 The concept of conversation…………………………………………… 1.2.2 Why is Conversation Analysis important……………………………… 1.3 Cohesion……………………………………………………………………… 1.3.1 The concept of cohesion……………………………………………… TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com v 1.3.2 Coherence and cohesion……………………………………………… 1.3.3 Cohesion within the sentence and discourse…………………………… 10 1.4 Types of Cohesion…………………………………………………………… 11 1.5 Substitution…………………………………………………………………… 12 1.5.1.The concept of substitution……………………………………………… 12 1.5.2.Substitution,Cohesionand Discourse…………………………………… 13 1.6.ContrastiveAnalysis…………………………………………………………… 13 1.6.1 Definition……………………………………………………………… 13 1.6.2 Why using CA in this thesis? 14 1.7 Summary……………………………………………………………………… 14 Chapter A contrastive analysis of nominal substitution in English and 15 Vietnamese conversation discourse……………………………………………… 2.1 General features of English and Vietnamese nominal structure……………… 2.2 Person pronouns……………………………………………………………… 2.2.1 Subjective and objective personal pronouns…………………… 2.2.2 Possessive pronouns…………………………………………… 2.3 One…………………………………………………………………………… 15 18 18 24 26 2.3.1 One as a substitute for a nominal group head/ substitute one ………… 26 2.3.2 One as a substitute for an indefinite nominal group/ indefinite one …… 29 2.4 The same……………………………………………………………………… 2.4.1 Say the same…………………………………………………………… 2.4.2 Do the same……………………………………………………………… 2.4.3 Be the same……………………………………………………………… PART C: CONCLUSION………………………………………………………… 3.1 Concluding remarks…………………………………………………………… 3.2 The implication of the study for teaching and learning of English…………… 3.3 Limitation of the study………………………………………………………… 3.4 Suggestions for further study………………………………………………… 32 33 34 36 38 38 39 42 42 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation vi REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………… 43 BOOKS FOR QUOTATIONS…………………………………………………… 45 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation vii Symbols and Abbreviations C.A Contrastive Analysis CA Conversation analysis DA Discourse Analysis Ns Nominal Substitution O Object P Predicate S Subject Ø Without Numeratives ~ Substitute for Lists of tables Table 1.1: Type of Cohesion Table 1.2: Grammatical and Lexical Cohesion Table 2: English personal pronouns Table 3: The English third person pronouns and their Vietnamese equivalent Table 4: The English possessive pronouns and their Vietnamese equivalent Table 5: The substitute one/ones and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 6: The indefinite one/some and its Vietnamese equivalents Table 7: Do the same and the Vietnamese equivalent Table 8: linking verb plus the same and their Vietnamese equivalents TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale The history of linguistics has seen the everlasting development of different approaches to linguistics and language teaching, each of which defines its own tasks, scopes and objectives Traditionally, linguists have been concerned with the phonological, lexical and syntactical features and studied sentences which are preferably taken out of context Besides, the focus of traditional practice of language teaching and learning has been on the analysis of single sentences, normally at the levels of phonology, vocabulary and grammar Later, with the view that incomplete sentences can still make sense when occurring in some particular context, according to (Cook 1989: ix) complete understanding of stretches of language can only be obtained if they are considered “in their full textual, social and psychological context” linguists have shifted their attention from complete sentences to discourse In common with coherence, cohesion takes an active role in building up discourse, in general, and of course, conversation as a genre of discourse, in particular Truly, Halliday and Hasan (1976) make a detailed classification of the cohesive devices in English These authors distinguish between grammatical and lexical cohesion According to them, grammatical cohesion embraces four different devices: reference, ellipsis, substitution and lexical In Vietnam, it seems that all the issues related to substitution especially Nominal substitution in conversation are still in limited exploration It is easy to find that substitution in Vietnamese is still a concept which has been needed receive much Vietnamese researchers‟ exploration Searching for the study of substitution, we only can see in Tran Ngoc Them‟s work (1985), more recently, Diep Quang Ban‟s (1998) These authors‟ effort seems to be made to give a very general and basic concept of substitution as well as types of it in Vietnamese Thus, we might wonder whether substitution, and within the minor thesis, nominal substitution actually works in Vietnamese conversation Furthermore, in recent years, reference, ellipsis, and lexical have been closely studied in contrastive with Vietnamese, within the framework of minor thesis a careful and profound study of English and Vietnamese nominal substitution is, theoretically speaking, equally important and necessary Because of the above mentioned reasons, my final thesis entitled: “Contrastive analysis of nominal substitution in English and Vietnamese conversation” I hope that this TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 39 status, family relationship, and so on As far as they are governed by the so-called principle of formality in conversation They reflect not only the relationship between the addressor and the person he/she is talking about, the education background of the addressor, or his/ her attitude towards he person/ thing being talked about, but also his/ her character Therefore, we can say that pronouns used in Vietnamese conversation are deeply expressive English possessive pronouns and their Vietnamese counterparts are doubly anaphoric as they all substitute for both the possessor and the possessed Besides, because the Vietnamese personal pronouns and pronominalized lexical items vary to a great extent, the English possessive pronouns undoubtedly have various realizations in Vietnamese conversational discourse In addition, normally, the numeratives (especially những) can be used before indexical CÁI/ Head to show the plural number of the nominal group being substituted The substitute one/ones is set apart from the indefinite one/some in English since they are different in many ways Despite this fact, their Vietnamese counterparts both treat Head as an important nominal subsitutute The same in English and their Vietnamese equivalents thế/ unlike other substitute items which work in the environment of a nominal group; it takes place within that of a clause Furthermore, although it takes anominal form, the same functions as the substitute in all types of substitution namely nominal, verbal and clausal 3.2 The implication of the study for teaching and learning of English Up to now substitution in general and nominal substitution in particular as a cohesive device has been still an unfamiliar phenomenon to many Vietnamese learners of English Therefore, the analysis of the similarities and differences of Ns in English and Vietnamese conversation may be significant and important to teaching and learning English language It can be said that in English teaching and learning, cohesion has often been left aside Most of the classroom activities are learning new vocabulary and practising verb tenses Nominal substitution such as personal pronouns, one/ones and (the) same is not given enough attention in textbooks of English at all levels, and if found at all, it is often expressed through idiomatic expressions like Same here, the same to you The student learns these expressions imitatively with his/her attention paid to their communicative functions- that is to show the sameness without knowing in this case the same functions as a clausal substitute I suggest that the concept of nominal substitution and the substitute items should be presented to learners of all levels and those learners of different levels should receive at different levels of usage Similarly, consciousness raising activities may be utilized in the teaching to students TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 40 after initially providing them with more profound insight into nominal substitution as a kind of cohesive device I would hope that the notes on the similarities and differences between the substitute items used in English contrast withVietnamese conversational discourse can help the learners avoid any possible confusion The following types of exercises could be adopted for the training in nominal substitution as a cohesive device in conversation Type 1: Fill in each blank with an appropriate substitute item 1) Customer: Waiter, my lobster is without a claw How is that? Waiter: Well, sir ………are so fresh that………… fight with each other in the kitchen Customer: Take this……… away, and bring me one of the winners 2) Nancy: Excuse me, Carol but I think that‟s mine Carol: What‟s your? Nancy: That yellow umbrella The one you just put in your bag It‟s ……… Carol: It‟s not……… It‟s Yoko‟s Nancy: Whose? Carol: Yoko‟s It‟s……… My roommate‟s There she is Yoko, isn‟t this your umbrella Yoko: Yes Uh, wait No, it‟s not mine is right here under this chair Carol: Oh Nancy I‟m terribly sorry I was sure it was………… Oh, I see It‟s exactly like hers Nancy: That‟s okay Well, Yoko, you have great taste in umbrellas Yoko: Thanks So you Type 2: Replace the underlined words with an appropriate substitute item The aim of this type is to increase the learner‟s awareness of the availability of the various substitute items which can be used to avoid unnecessary repetition of known information in making conversation For example, 1) Friend: Hi, Sue Have you been to the shops? Sue: Yes, I had some money for my birthday so I decided to buy some clothes Friend: I love those purple jeans Sue: Yes, I bought those purple jeans because purple is my favourite colour I got a new jacket too My old jacket is too small, so I bought this lovely big jacket Friend: It‟s really great- did you buy a dress? TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 41 Sue: I got this dress because this dress was only nine pounds Friend: That‟s not expensive 2) After I had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag I had left my bag on a chair beside the door, but now I found that my bag wasn‟t there As I was looking for my bag, the innkeeper came in „Did you have a good meal? The inn-keeper asked „Yes, I suppose so,‟ I answered, „but I can‟t pay the bill I haven‟t got my bag‟ The inn- keeper smiled and immediately went out At that time I didn‟t know why he did so In a few minutes he returned with my bag „Is this bag your bag?‟ he asked „Yes That bag is my bag‟ I answered „I‟m very sorry‟ he said „My dog had taken the bag into the garden My dog often does it‟ Type 3: Translate the following into Vietnamese/ English The aim of this type is to show the learner the relationship between the English substitute items and their Vietnamese equivalents Translate into Vietnamese 1) The following example is Alice‟s conversation with the flowers: ―Aren‟t you sometimes frightened at being planted out here, with nobody to take care of you?” “There‟s the tree in the middle,” said the Rose “What else is it good for?” “But what could it do, if danger came?” Alice asked “It could bark,” said the Rose “It says „Bough-wough!‟” cried a Daisy: “that‟s why its branches are called boughs!” (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 48) 1) Translate into English - Bốn ghế anh mua tiền? - Tơi mua (nó) lâu, khơng nhớ 2) - Tơi cho bỏ - Tơi nghĩ TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 42 3.3 Limitation of the study Although the thesis has been given much time and efforts, it is inevitable to avoid shortcomings for the limitations in the ability of the research as well as the inadequacy of materials It is hoped that the thesis can receive a lot of contributions from all the teachers and opinions from readers so that it can become better and more effective 3.4 Suggestions for further study In this study only one genre of discourse is examined, conversational discourse Further study may investigate other fields as narrative, poems, or scientific discourse, etc Moreover, it is possible for further study to study in term of contrastive analysis or in comparison with Vietnamese for example I hope that nominal substitution will be studied more in the future More work needs to be done in terms of linking a conversation analytic framework with issues and concerns in cohesion analysis TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 43 REFERENCES In English: Angela Downing & Philip Locke (1995) English grammar – A university course Cambridge University Press Austin, J.L (1962), How to things with words, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press Bell, Roger J (1991) Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice London: Longman Group Limited Brown, Gillian & Yule, George (1983) Discourse Analysis Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (CUP) Cameron, Deborah (2001) Working with spoken discourse London: SAGE Publications Carthy, Michael (1993) Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (CUP) Chalker, S (1984) Current English grammar London: Macmillan Crystal, David (1992) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language Oxford: Blackwell Crystal, D (1992) Introducing linguistics Harlow: Penguin 10 Cook, G (1989) Dicourse Cambridge University Press (CUP) 11 Coulthard, P (1979) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis London: Longman 12 Gee, J P (2001) An introduction to discourse analysis London: Routledge 13 Grice, H.P (1975), Logic and Conversation, New York: Academic Press 14 Hatim, B & Mason, I (1990) Discourse and the translator London: Longman 15 Halliday, M.A.K (1994) Introduction to functional grammar (2nd ed.) London: Edward Arnold 16 Halliday, M.A.K & Hasan, R (1976) Cohesion in English London: Longman 17 Hatch, E (1992) Discourse and language education Cambridge: CUP 18 Hoa Nguyen (2000) An introduction to discourse analysis Hanoi: National University Press 19 Leech, G & Swartvik, J (1990), A communicative grammar of English, London: Longman 20 James, C (1980) Contrastive Analysis, London: Longman TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 44 21 Jespersen, O (1933) Essentials of English grammar New York: Henry Holt & Company 22 Markee, N (2000) Conversation analysis Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 23 Nunan D (1992), Introducing Discourse Analysis, Penguin English, Sydney 24 Quirk, R et al (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, London: Longman 25 Quirk, R., Greenbaun, S., Leech G and Svartvik, J (1972), A Grammar of Contemporary English, London: Longman 26 Quirk, R et al (1980), A Grammar of Contemporary English, London: Longman 27 Rogers, R (ed.) 2004 An introduction to critical discourse analysis in education Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc 28 Searle, J.R (1969), Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language Cambridge University Press In Vietnamese: Diệp Quang Ban (1996) Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt, Tâp tập 2, Hà Nội: NxB Giáo Dục Diệp Quang Ban (2005) Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt, (Bộ mới) Hà Nội: NxB Giáo Dục Diệp Quang Ban (2006) Giao tiếp diễn ngôn Cấu tạo văn bản, Hà Nội: NxB Giáo Dục Diệp Quang Ban (1998).Văn Liên kết tiếng Việt, Hà Nội: NxB Giáo Dục Lê Biển (1996) Từ loại tiếng Việt đại, Hà Nội: NxB Đại học Quốc gia Đỗ Hữu Châu (2006) Đại cương ngôn ngữ học, tập 2, Hà Nội: NxB Giáo Dục Nguyễn Tài Cẩn (1996) Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt, Hà Nội: NxB Đại học Quốc gia Nguyễn Hịa (2003) Phân tích diễn ngơn: Một số vấn đề lí luận phương pháp, Hà Nội: NxB Đại Học Quốc Gia Nguyễn Thiện Giáp (2004), Dụng Học Việt Ngữ, Hà Nội: NxB Đại Học Quốc Gia 10 Halliday, M A K (2004) Dẫn luận ngữ pháp chức (Bản dịch Hoàng Văn Vân), Hà Nội: NxB Đại Học Quốc Gia 11 Cao Xuân Hạo (2004) Tiếng Việt: Sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức năng, Hà Nội: NxB Đại Học Quốc Gia 12 LưuVăn Lăng (2008) Những vấn đề ngữ pháp tiếng Việt đại Hà Nội: NxB Khoa học xã hội TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation 45 13 Trần Hữu Mạnh (2007) Ngôn ngữ học đối chiếu tiếng Anh tiếng Việt, Hà Nội: NxB Đại Học Quốc Gia 14 Trần Ngọc Thêm (1999) Hệ thống liên kết văn tiếng Việt (Tái lần thứ năm) Hà Nội: NxB Giáo Dục Sources of extracted examples: http://www.ielanguages.com/lessonplan.html http://gosrok.blogspot.com/view/classic?z http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/conversation http://www.ucm.es/info/circulo/no3/taboada.htm http://www.americanliterature.com/ss/ssindx.html http://www.readbookonline.net/stories/Henry/108/ http://www.online-literature.com/brontec/janeeyre/ http://www.e-thuvien.com (Dịch giả: Nguyễn Tuyên, Bản dịch Jane Eyre, 2008, NXB Văn Học, www.thuvien-ebook.com) http://whitehousetapes.net/transcript/nixon/watergate Books for quotation CMM Carthy, Michael (1993) Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers Cambridge: Cambridge University Press HEO Henry, O (1994) Love of Life Hanoi: The Gioi Publisher KET Key English Test: Cambridge University Press HAH Halliday, M.A.K & Hasan, Ruquaiya (1976) Cohesionin English London: Longman Group Limited GWL George Woodland (1999) Lessons with laughter Language Teaching Publications NGT Nguyet, Thi Ai & Tien, Cat (1996) Twenty Short Stories Ho Chi Minh: Ho Chi Minh Publishing House HAB Hai, Mai Khac & Bich, Mai Khac (1994) 20th Century English Short Stories Danang: Danang Publishing House HPV Ha, Pham Vu Lua (1998) A World of Fiction (Twenty Timeless Short Stories Danang: Danang Publishing House TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation (LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation(LUAN.van.THAC.si).a.contrastive.analysis.of.nominal.substitution.in.english.and.vietnamese.conversation
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