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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* PHAN THI ̣ MAI HƢƠNG FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH IN CLASSROOM (NGHIÊN CỨU YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN SỰ TỰ GIÁC GIAO TIẾP CỦA SINH VIÊN BẰNG TIẾNG ANH TRONG LỚP HỌC) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Teaching Methodology Code : 60140111 HA NOI-2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ******************** PHAN THI ̣ MAI HƢƠNG FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH IN CLASSROOM (NGHIÊN CỨU YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN SỰ TỰ GIÁC GIAO TIẾP CỦA SINH VIÊN BẰNG TIẾNG ANH TRONG LỚP HỌ C) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English Teaching Methodology Code : 60140111 Supervisor : Dr Lê Văn Canh HA NOI-2014 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I hereby, certify the thesis entitled “Factors affecting students’ willingness to communicate in English in classroom” is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arts at University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi The thesis has not been submitted for any degree at any other universities or institutions I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library can be accessible for the purposes of study Hanoi, 2014 Phan Thi Mai Hƣơng ̣ i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many whose warm support, cheerful encouragement, and genuine guidance have been deeply appreciated First, I would like to express my immerse gratitude to Doctor Lê Văn Canh, my supervisor, who has patiently guided me through the research process for his insightful comments, invaluable guidance, thoughtful suggestions and inspiration I am profoundly grateful to all those who participated, the wonderful students at Hai Phong Private University, who acted as subjects I would like to make special mention to my husband, who has given me an unending supply of all sorts of help and whose support has made it possible for me to complete this study Thanks also go to family and friends for their encouragement ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 ABSTRACT Willingness to communicate (WTC) has gained an increasing amount of attention in the area of second language acquisition (SLA) Despite the rich findings from previous researches, most of the previous studies have been conducted in Western countries Until recently, little research related to WTC has been conducted in a foreign language learning (EFL) context where there is usually no immediate linguistic need for learners to use English in their daily life The present study aimed to examine the extent to which the students are willing to communicate in English in the classroom according to their self-report, and factors that might affect the students‟ willingness to communicate in an English as a foreign language context A mixed-method approach design was employed in order to explore the different aspects of WTC construct Data was collected through a questionnaire and interviews The participants, 120 Vietnamese tertiary students, completed the WTC questionnaire Follow-up interview were then conducted with 12 participants The findings of this study shows that students‟ WTC is a complex issue because it is affected by multiple factors related to the nature of classroom tasks, the students‟ proficiency level and other learner factors A number of factors that appeared to affect their WTC in classroom were identified as: self-confidence, language attitude, self-perceived L2 proficiency, motivation and personality The results of this study contribute to the theoretical foundation and methodology of the WTC construct This study also provided pedagogical implications for English language teachers The limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were also identified iii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TABLE OF CONTENT PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aims and objectives of the study Research Questions Scope of the study Design of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Definition of Willingness to communicate (WTC) 1.2 Heuristic Model of WTC in L2 1.3 Factors affecting students‟ WTC 1.3.1 Self-confidence 1.3.2 Personality 10 1.3.3 Language attitude 10 1.3.4 Motivation 11 1.4 Classroom WTC in L2 12 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH MOTHODOLOGY 15 2.1 Methodological Approach 15 2.2 Participants and context 16 2.3 Data collection 16 2.3.1 Instruments 17 2.3.2 Data collection procedures 18 2.3.3 Data analysis 18 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 19 3.1 Findings 19 3.1.1 Qualitative data (WTC interview) 19 iv TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 3.1.2 Qualitative data: Factors likely to influence L2 WTC 24 3.2 Summary 33 PART C: CONCLUSION 34 Concluding remarks 34 Pedagogical implications 34 Limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies 35 LIST OF REFERENCES 37 APPENDIX A: WTC Questionnaire (English version) I v TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 some useful information about the need to design communicative tasks that are on par with the students‟ proficiency level and to create a safe learning environment in the classroom These may help to increase the students‟ WTC Classroom observation and students‟ diaries are needed in the future research to achieve better reliability and validity In addition, the focus of this study was confined to the speaking mode of L2 WTC However, MacIntyre et.al (1998) argued that L2 WTC not only covers the speaking mode but also other modes of communication In order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of L2 WTC, future studies could focus on L2 WTC not only in the oral mode but also listening, writing, and reading 36 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 LIST OF REFERENCES Cao, Y Q., & Philp, J (2006) Interactional context and willingness to communicate: A comparison of behavior in whole class, group and dyadic interaction System, 34, 480-493 Cao, Y Q (2009) Understanding the notion of interdependence and the dynamics of willingness to communicate Unpublished doctoral dissertation, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Clément, R.(2003) Willingness to communicate in asecond language: The effects of context, norms, and vitality Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 190209 Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K A (1994) Motivation, self-confidence, and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom Language Learning, 417-448 Dörnyei, Z (2003) Conceptualizing motivation in foreign language learning Language Learning, 45-78 Dörnyei, Z (2007) Research methods in applied linguistics: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies Oxford: Oxford University Press Gardner, R.C (1985) Social psychology and second language learning: the role of attitude and motivation London, England: Edward Arnold Gardner, R C.,(1980) Home background characteristics and second language learning Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 18(4), 419-437 Johnson, B., & Christensen, L (2008) Educational research: quantitative, Qualitative, and mixed approaches (2nd Ed.) New York , NY: Pearson Johnson, D M (1992) Approaches to research in second language learning New York: Longman Kang, S J (2005) Dynamic emergence of situational willingness to communicate in a second language System, 277-292 Kim, S J (2004) Exploring willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among Korean EFL (English as a foreign language) students in Korea: WTC as a predictor 37 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 of success in second language acquisition Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio State University, Ohio, U.S.A MacIntyre, P D., Baker, S C., Clément, R., & Donovan, L A (2003) Talk in order to learn: Willingness to communicate and intensive language programs The Canadian Modern Language Review, 589-607 MacIntyre, P D., & Charos, C (1996) Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication Journal of Language and Social Psychology,3-26 MacIntyre, P D., Dörnyei, Z., Clément, R., & Noels, K A (1998) Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation The Modern Language Journal, 545-562 MacIntyre, P D., Noels, K A., & Clément, R (1997) Biases in self -ratings of second language proficiency: The role of language anxiety Language Learning, 265-286 McCroskey, J C (1992) Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale Communication Quarterly, 16-25 McCroskey, J C., & Baer, J E (1985) Willingness to communicate: The construct and its measurement Paper presented at the meeting of the Annual Convention of the Speech Communication Association, Denver, CO McCroskey, J C., & Richmond, V P (1990) Willingness to communicate: A cognitive view Journal of Social Behavior and Personality ,19 - 44 Skehan, P (1989) Individual differences in second language learning London, England: Edward Arnold Yashima, T (2002) Willingness to communicate in a second language: The Japanese EFL context The Modern Language Journal, 86(1), 54-66 Yashima, T (2004) The influence of attitudes and affect on willingness to communicate and second language communication Language Learning, 119-152 38 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 APPENDIX A: WTC Questionnaire (English version) I TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 II TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 APPENDIX B: WTC Questionnaire (Vietnamese version) Tên: …………… Giới tính: ………… Tuổi: … Bạn học Tiếng Anh rồi? … Hướng dẫn:Sau 15 tình bạn chọn giao tiếp không giao tiếp Tiếng Anh Giả định bạn có tồn quyền lựa chọn Hãy mức độ bạn sẵn sàng giao tiếp Tiếng Anh tình cách điền số từ đến 100 vào chỗ trống phía bên tay trái cạnh tình 0% = KHƠNG BAO GIỜ sẵng sàng giao tiếp Tiếng Anh 100%= LUÔN LUÔN sẵng sàng giao tiếp Tiếng Anh … Sẵn sàng trả lời câu hỏi Tiếng Anh giáo viên hỏi trước lớp … Trả lời câu hỏi Tiếng Anh giáo viên gọi … Nói chuyện Tiếng Anh với giáo viên trước sau tiết học … Hỏi giáo viên câu hỏi Tiếng Anh lớp học … Hỏi giáo viên câu hỏi Tiếng Anh riêng tư … Trình bày ý kiến Tiếng Anh trước lớp … Tham gia làm việc theo cặp Tiếng Anh … Nói Xin lỗi Tiếng Anh bạn sai … Giúp bạn khác trả lời câu hỏi Tiếng Anh ….10 Hát hát Tiếng Anh .11 Đọc to đoạn hội thoại Tiếng Anh sách giáo khoa ….12 Nói Cảm ơn Tiếng Anh bạn giúp ….13 Giới thiệu thân Tiếng Anh mà khơng cần nhìn vào ghi ….14 Chào bạn Tiếng Anh ….15 Thuyết trình Tiếng Anh có ghi III TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 APPENDIX C: Semi-structured WTC Interview Questions (English version) Have you ever had the chance to communicate with a foreigner in English? How important is it for you to learn English? How good are you at learning English? What you think your English level is like? What about your speaking skill in particular? How motivated were you in learning English? How much did you like learning English with your classmate? How would you describe your personality (quiet or talkative, relaxed or tense)? How competent you think you were to communicate in English? Did you feel confident when speaking English in class? 10 Were you afraid that other students would laugh at you when you were speaking English? 11 In what situation did you feel most comfortable (most willing) to communicate (in pair, in small group, with the teacher in a whole class)? why? 12 How you like it if your teacher lectures in English? 13 Do you hope that your English teachers will speak English more in class? 14 Would you like to have more opportunities to speak English in class? 15 What you think are the main factors that affect your willingness to speak English in class? IV TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).factors.affecting.students’.willingness.to.communicate.in.english.classroom.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11
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