(Luận văn thạc sĩ) nghiên cứu về bệnh ký sinh trùng đường máu ở gà nuôi công nghiệp trên địa bàn huyện yên phong tỉnh bắc ninh và biện pháp phòng trị

HỌC VIỆN NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAM KIỀU VIỆT NAM NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ BỆNH KÝ SINH TRÙNG ĐƯỜNG MÁU Ở GÀ NUÔI CÔNG NGHIỆP TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN HUYỆN YÊN PHONG TỈNH BẮC NINH VÀ BIỆN PHÁP PHÒNG TRỊ Chuyên ngành: Thú y Mã chuyên ngành: 60 64 01 01 Người hướng dẫn khoa học: PGS.TS Nguyễn Văn Thọ NHÀ XUẤT BẢN HỌC VIỆN NƠNG NGHIỆP - 2018 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tơi xin cam đoan rằng, số liệu kết nghiên cứu luận văn trung thực hoàn toàn chưa sử dụng để bảo vệ học vị Tôi cam đoan rằng, giúp đỡ để thực luận văn cảm ơn thơng tin trích dẫn luận văn rõ nguồn gốc Hà Nội, ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2017 Tác giả luận văn Kiều Việt Nam i LỜI CẢM ƠN Đề tài hoàn thành kết trình học tập, nghiên cứu tích luỹ kinh nghiệm thực tế dựa kiến thức quý báu mà thầy, cô giáo truyền thụ với giúp đỡ tận tình Phịng Nơng nghiệp & PTNT nhân dân địa bàn nghiên cứu Tơi xin bày tỏ lịng biết ơn chân thành tới tồn thể thầy giáo, giáo Bộ môn Ký sinh trùng; Khoa Thú y; Ban Quản lý đào tạo, Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam, người thầy, người tận tình truyền đạt cho tơi kiến thức q báu suốt khố học vừa qua, đồng thời tận tình giúp đỡ tơi q trình nghiên cứu khoa học Đặc biệt tơi xin gửi lời cảm ơn sâu sắc tới PGS.TS Nguyễn Văn Thọ, Nguyên Trưởng Bộ môn ký sinh trùng, người thầy dành nhiều thời gian, cơng sức, trí tuệ trực tiếp hướng dẫn, định hướng, bảo để tơi hồn thành nghiên cứu luận văn Qua xin gửi lời cảm ơn giúp đỡ Tỉnh ủy, UBND tỉnh Bắc Ninh; Sở Nông nghiệp PTNT, Chi cục Thú y tỉnh, Cục thống kê tỉnh Bắc Ninh; UBND huyện n Phong, Phịng Nơng nghiệp & PTNT, Phịng Tài ngun - Mơi trường, Trạm Khuyến nơng, Trạm Chăn nuôi Thú y; Chi cục Thống kê huyện Yên Phong; Đảng uỷ, HĐND - UBND xã Hoà Tiến, Tam Giang Thuỵ Hoà; cán Khuyến nông sở (Khuyến nông xã), nhân viên thú y xã, thôn chủ trang trại, chủ hộ chăn nuôi gà địa bàn nghiên cứu tạo điều kiện thuận lợi giúp đỡ suốt trình điều tra, vấn, thu thập số liệu nghiên cứu địa phương Tôi xin bảy tỏ lịng biết ơn trước động viên, khích lệ người thân gia đình giúp đỡ tập thể, cá nhân, bạn bè, đồng chí, đồng nghiệp ngồi quan./ Hà Nội, ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2017 Tác giả luận văn Kiều Việt Nam ii MỤC LỤC Lời cam đoan ························································································· i Lời cảm ơn ·························································································· ii Mục lục ·····························································································iii Danh mục chữ viết tắt ·············································································· vi Danh mục bảng ···················································································· vii Danh mục hình ···················································································· viii Trích yếu luận văn ·················································································· ix Thesis abstract ······················································································· xi Phần Mở đầu ·····················································································1 1.1 Tính cấp thiết đề tài ·································································1 1.2 Mục tiêu nghiên cứu ·····································································2 1.2.1 Mục tiêu chung ···········································································2 1.2.2 Mục tiêu cụ thể: ··········································································2 1.3 Phạm vi nghiên cứu ······································································2 1.4 Những đóng góp ý nghĩa thực tiễn đề tài ·······························2 1.4.1 Những đóng góp Đề tài ·······················································2 1.4.2 Ý nghĩa thực tiễn ········································································3 Phần Tổng quan tài liệu ······································································4 2.1 Tình hình chăn ni gà giới nước ································4 2.1.1 Tình hình chăn ni gà giới ···················································4 2.1.2 Tình hình chăn ni gà Việt Nam ··················································5 2.1.3 Tình hình chăn ni gà Bắc Ninh ·················································6 2.1.4 Tình hình chăn ni gà huyện n Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh.·····················6 2.2 Các đơn bào ký sinh máu gia cầm ··············································7 2.2.1 Giống Leucocytotozoon spp ····························································7 2.2.2 Giống Haemoproteus ·································································· 11 2.2.3 Giống Plasmodium ····································································· 14 2.2.4 Giống Trypanosoma ··································································· 18 2.3 Tình hình nghiên cứu ký sinh trùng đường máu leucocytozoon giới việt nam ········································································ 19 iii 2.3.1 Tình hình nghiên cứu giới··················································· 19 2.3.2 Tình hình nghiên cứu Việt Nam ·················································· 21 2.4 Tình hình nghiên cứu ký sinh trùng đường máu Haemoproteus spp., Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma spp giới Việt Nam ··············· 23 2.4.1 Tình hình nghiên cứu giới··················································· 23 2.4.2 Tình hình nghiên cứu Việt Nam ·················································· 25 2.5 Giới thiệu thuốc điều trị bệnh Leucocytozoon có địa bàn nghiên cứu ··············································································· 25 2.6 Đặc điểm địa bàn nghiên cứu ························································· 26 2.6.1 Đặc điểm tự nhiên ······································································ 26 2.6.2 Mạng lưới Cán thú y ······························································· 27 Phần Vật liệu phương pháp nghiên cứu ·············································· 29 3.1 Địa điểm nghiên cứu ··································································· 29 3.1.1 Địa điểm thu mẫu:······································································ 29 3.1.2 Phân tích mẫu Phịng thí nghiệm: ················································ 29 3.2 Thời gian nghiên cứu ·································································· 29 3.3 Đối tượng, vật liệu nghiên cứu: ······················································ 29 3.3.1 Đối tượng nghiên cứu ································································· 29 3.3.2 Vật liệu nghiên cứu ···································································· 29 3.4 Nội dung nghiên cứu··································································· 30 3.4.1 Xác định loài ký sinh trùng ký sinh máu gà bệnh ························· 30 3.4.2 Tình hình mắc ký sinh trùng đường máu Leucocytozoon spp đàn gà nuôi theo hướng công nghiệp chuồng hở huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh ·········································································· 30 3.4.3 Nghiên cứu đặc điểm bệnh lý bệnh ký sinh trùng đường máu Leucocytozoon gây gà ···························································· 30 3.4.4 Nghiên cứu lựa chọn phác đồ điều trị bệnh có hiệu cao ····················· 30 3.4.5 Đề xuất biện pháp phòng, trị bệnh Leucocytozoon spp gây cho gà huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh ················································· 30 3.5.Phương pháp nghiên cứu ····························································· 30 3.5.1 Phương pháp lấy mẫu ·································································· 30 3.5.2 Phương pháp nghiên cứu ······························································ 31 iv 3.6 Xử lý số liệu ············································································ 36 Phần Kết thảo luận ································································· 37 4.1 Tình hình nhiễm ký sinh trùng đường máu Leucocytozoon gà ············· 37 4.1.1 Thành phần loài ký sinh máu gà địa điểm nghiên cứu ············ 37 4.1.2 Tỷ lệ nhiễm Leucocytozoon spp gà địa điểm nghiên cứu ············· 38 4.1.3 Tỷ lệ gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp xã khác ················· 39 4.1.4 Tỷ lệ gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp theo lứa tuổi ···················· 41 4.1.5 Tình hình mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp theo giống gà ······················ 42 4.1.6 Tỷ lệ, cường độ gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp theo mùa ················ 43 4.2 Đặc điểm bệnh lý gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp ····························· 44 4.2.1 Triệu chứng lâm sàng gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp ················ 44 4.2.2 Bệnh tích đại thể gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp ······················ 46 4.2.3 Bệnh tích vi thể ········································································· 48 4.3 Xác định số tiêu sinh lý máu gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp ······················································································· 50 4.3.1 Số lượng hồng cầu công thức hồng cầu ········································ 50 4.3.2 Số lượng bạch cầu công thức bạch cầu ·········································· 51 4.4 Thử nghiệm điều trị bệnh Leucocytozoon spp ································· 53 4.4.1 Điều trị ··················································································· 53 4.4.2 Đề xuất biện pháp phòng bệnh ······················································· 54 Phần Kết luận kiến nghị ································································ 55 5.1 Kết luận ·················································································· 55 5.2 Kiến nghị ················································································ 55 Tài liệu tham khảo ················································································· 56 v DANH MỤC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT Chữ viết tắt Nghĩa tiếng Việt % Phần trăm 0C Độ C Kg Kilogam mm3 Minimét khối mg/kgP Minigam kilogam thể trọng N Cỡ mẫu Số bình quân mx Sai số bình quân d Sai số ước lượng vi DANH MỤC BẢNG Bảng 4.1 Thành phần loài ký sinh trùng ký sinh máu đàn gà huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh 37 Bảng 4.2 Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh chết Leucocytozoon spp gà theo địa bàn xã khác .40 Bảng 4.3 Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp gà theo lứa tuổi 41 Bảng 4.4 Kết điều tra số gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp số giống gà 42 Bảng 4.5 Tỷ lệ, cường độ gà nhiễm Leucocytozoon spp theo mùa năm 43 Bảng 4.6 Biểu lâm sang gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp .44 Bảng 4.7 Biểu bệnh tích gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp 46 Bảng 4.8 Biến đổi vi thể số quan gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp 49 Bảng 4.9 Tỷ lệ số bệnh tích vi thể số quan gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp .49 Bảng 4.10 Một số tiêu hồng cầu gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp gà khỏe 51 Bảng 4.11 Kết nghiên cứu tiêu bạch cầu gà 52 Bảng 4.12 Thử nghiệm điều trị gà bệnh Leucocytozoon spp (n = 60) 53 vii DANH MỤC HÌNH Hình 2.1 Leucocytozoon spp Trong hồng cầu (Wikipedia Orrg/wiki) Hình 2.2 Leucocytozoon spp Trong bạch cầu (Wikipedia Orrg/wiki) Hình 2.3 Vòng đời Leucocytozoon spp (Wikipedia Orrg/wiki) Hình 2.4 Haemoproteus hồng cầu (Wikipedia Orrg/wiki) 12 Hình 2.5 Vịng đời Haemoproteus spp (Wikipedia Orrg/wiki) .13 Hình 2.6 Plasmodium spp 15 Hình 2.7 Vòng đời Plasmodium spp (Phạm Sỹ Lăng cs, 2011) 16 Hình 2.8 Trypanosoma spp gia cầm 18 Hình 2.9 Vịng đời Trypanosoma avian .19 Hình 2.10 Mơi giới truyền bệnh (Hippoboscid) 19 Hình 3.1 Hồng cầu nhiễm Leucocytozoon 35 Hình 3.2 Hồng cầu nhiễm Haemoproteus 35 Hình 3.3 Hồng cầu nhiễm Plasmodium spp .35 Hình 3.4 Máu nhiễm Trypanosoma spp 35 Hình 4.1 Hồng cầu bạch cầu nhiễm Leucocytozoon spp 38 Hình 4.2 Tiêu máu gà mắc bệnh Leucocytotozoon spp .39 Hình 4.5 Gà mắc bệnh ủ rũ, gầy, mào nhợt nhạt, có vết muỗi đốt 45 Hình 4.6 Gà bị tiêu chảy phân xanh, trắng 46 Hình 4.7 Cơ đùi lườn gà xuất huyết bệnh Leucocytozoon .47 Hình 4.8 Lách gà sưng, mềm nhũn xuất huyết bệnh Leucocytozoon 47 Hình 4.9 Thận gà sưng xuất huyết bệnh Leucocytozoon 47 Hình 4.10 Phổi gà sưng xuất huyết bệnh Leucocytozoon .48 Hình 4.11 Tuyến tụy gà xuất huyết bệnh Leucocytozoon .48 viii TRÍCH YẾU LUẬN VĂN Tên tác giả: Kiều Việt Nam Tên luận văn: “Nghiên cứu bệnh ký sinh trùng đường máu gà nuôi công nghiệp địa bàn huyện Yên Phong tỉnh Bắc Ninh biện pháp phòng trị” Chuyên ngành: Thú y Mã chuyên ngành: 60.64.01.01 Cơ sở đào tạo: Học viện Nông nghiệp Việt Nam Mục đích Đề tài: Điều tra, nghiên cứu bệnh ký sinh trùng đường máu gà nuôi công nghiệp lứa tuổi địa bàn xã Hoà Tiến, Tam Giang Thuỵ Hoà huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh đề xuất biện pháp phòng, trị Nội dung nghiên cứu: - Xác định loài ký sinh trùng ký sinh máu gà bệnh - Nghiên cứu tình hình mắc ký sinh trùng đường máu Leucocytozoon spp đàn gà nuôi theo hướng công nghiệp chuồng hở huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh Nghiên cứu đặc điểm bệnh lý bệnh ký sinh trùng đường máu Leucocytozoon gây gà Thử nghiệm số thuốc kháng sinh, phác đồ điều trị bệnh gà Leucocytozoon spp gây Đề xuất biện pháp phòng, trị bệnh Leucocytozoon spp gây cho gà huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh Kết nghiên cứu: - Thành phần loài ký sinh máu gà địa điểm nghiên cứu - Tỷ lệ gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp theo lứa tuổi - Tỷ lệ gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp xã khác - Tình hình mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp theo giống gà - Triệu chứng lâm sàng gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp - Biến đổi vi thể số quan gà mắc bệnh Leucocytozoon spp Hiệu lực thuốc điều trị gà bệnh Leucocytozoon spp có địa bàn Nghiên cứu Kết luận: Thành phần loài ký sinh trùng đường máu ký sinh gà huyện Yên Phong, tỉnh Bắc Ninh giống Leucocytozoon ix