Method Statements For General Concrete Work_Method Statements for Method Statements For General Concrete Work Works and to details out the steps to be taken in meeting the technical requirements of Van Phong 1 thermal power plant project
PREFACE
Herewith we submit this method statement that describes implementation plan for general concreting works DHI intends to execute this working a safe, reliable condition achieving best quality of construction
Project Van Phong 1 BOT Thermal Power Plant
Company/Owner Van Phong Power company limited(VPCL)
APPLICATION
Application of this Method Statement is applicable to the implementation of concreting works for general structures in VP1 BOT Thermal Power Plant Such as:
This method statement applies to cast-in-place footings, foundation walls, slabs, columns, pedestals, and their accessory structures that do not require mass concrete It is not applicable to unusual structures, including arches, bins, silos, blast-resistant buildings, and chimneys.
MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
• Prior to using any machineries/equipment at site, it will be inspected and certified by qualified person
• Periodic Preventive Maintenance will be made on all equipment and machineries
• All operators and drivers are to be equipped with valid driver's license/operator's license or permit from concerned government agency
• Only authorized drivers and operators are allowed to operate equipment and machinery
• Only authorized signalman will be assigned together with the driver or operator
• All lifting equipment as well as its accessories such as sling wire, nylon sling, shackles, chain blocks crane hook and latch shall be inspected periodically
RESPONSIBILITIES
• It is overall responsibility of Site Manager to organize resources prior to perform construction activities as per project specification in compliance with the quality, schedule & safety requirements
• EHS Manager will ensure in coordination with Site Engineer that all measure/construction taken shall be maintained till completion of job
• It is the responsibility of Construction Manager/Site Engineer that construction activities are executed according to the relevant project specification in compliance with the quality, schedule & safety requirements
• DHI will ensure that all works are performed safely according to the attachment
• The relevant DHI Supervisor will ensure that the work is carried out in accordance with this method statement and project specification
• The QC Inspector will ensure that the work is executed according to the requirements of quality dossier are fulfilled.
PROCEDURE AND SEQUENCE
Material Specifications
• Cement be followed and comply with ASTM C150, Type II, low alkali and moderate heat of hydration Equivalent alkali content shall not exceed 0.6% per Table 2, ASTM C150
• Access shall be provided to the storage facilities and delivery units for sampling purposes
The Contractor is required to provide the Owner with certificates from the cement supplier that detail the results of all tests and analyses conducted on the cement intended for this project, ensuring compliance with quality standards.
• All concrete aggregates shall be clean, hard, durable and free from deleterious material and shall meet the requirements of the project As per ASTM C 33
• The aggregates shall consist of natural sand, gravel or crushed stone reviewed by the Engineer that meets the requirements from gradation strength and durability
• The Engineer will examine the aggregates proposed for use in concrete Preliminary review will not constitute general acceptance of all material in the deposit or source of supply
• Any aggregates that do not meet the requirements of the specifications will be rejected
• The coarse aggregate particles shall be proportion of flat and elongated particles in a representative sample
• Water used in mixing and curing concrete shall be fresh, clean, potable and free from injurious amount soft oil, acid, alkali, organic matter or other deleterious substances
• Adequate water storage facilities shall be provided by the Contractor to ensure that placing and curing operations are not interrupted
• Water additions to the concrete other than the required batching water shall not be made 6.1.5 Admixture
• Admixtures for concrete shall conform to ASTM C494/C494M-99ae1 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete ; ASTM C1017/C1017M-98 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
• All concrete supplied by the Contractor shall contain the admixtures as required by these specifications
The concrete must include an air-entraining admixture as reviewed by the Engineer, ensuring that the level of entrained air meets the specified requirements and follows the Engineer's directives.
• The air-entraining admixture shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C260-01 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
• Water reducing admixture or plasticizing agent shall be incorporated into the concrete mix using method sand proportions as recommended by the manufacturer
• Fly Ash be followed and comply with ASTM C618 Class F, fly ash sampled and tested in accordance with ASTM C 311
• Proportions of all materials used for the manufacture of concrete will be controlled in accordance with the concrete mix design
• All materials used in the manufacture of concrete shall be measured by weight except the liquid admixtures as required which shall be measured by volume
• The water content of all concrete mixtures shall be the minimum necessary to adequately place the concrete with systematic and uniform internal vibration
• Water-Cement Ratio: Not more than 0.50 for concrete structure
• The Contractor shall use a batching plant, which can produce concrete continuously at a rate that will complete the works within the required time
• All equipment producing concrete shall be kept clean of hardened cement and concrete
• The plant shall include provisions to facilitate the inspection of all operations at all times
• Proof of accurate calibration of the scales shall be given to the Engineer when requested
• The mixers shall be capable of combining the materials into a uniform mixture and discharging the mixture without segregation
Setting-out
6.2.1 The site is to ensure that the instruments such as level and total station used in setting-out has a valid calibration certificate and checks are made at site to ensure that these instruments are in a good working order.
Forms/Shuttering
6.3.1 Formwork shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ACI 347 or as approved by the Engineer Approval shall be required before formwork construction commences
6.3.2 Forms shall be made of steel or heavy waterproof plywood Forms shall conform to the shapes, lines and dimensions of the structure according to the drawings It shall be substantial, rigid and unyielding
6.3.3 Forms shall be so designed, ties and supported so that they will not deflect or bulge during placement and compaction of the concrete It shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar
6.3.4 Forms for successive lifts on adjacent parts of the structure shall be so arranged that a continuous, uniform and harmonious texture of the concrete surface results
6.3.5 Fabricated forms will be erected on 3 sides and adequately supported using steel props and bolts/clamps
6.3.6 The verticality, line and levels of the erected forms shall be checked by the formworks Foreman in first instance and subsequently by the Site Engineer and Surveyor
6.3.7 The last side of forms will be erected after the completion on fixing of all inserts and cleaning
6.3.8 Before concrete is placed within the forms, the accumulated dust and debris shall be removed from the forms are removed there shall be no metal within 80mm of any concrete surface
6.3.9 In general, chamfer strips of 25mm in dimension shall be provided at all exposed corners and edges unless otherwise shown in the drawings
6.3.10 Tolerance of form work shall satisfy ACI 301 & 117
6.3.11.1 The Subcontractor will notify the Contractor in writing in sufficient time to permit a thorough inspection of the forms, form bracing, reinforcing steel and embedded parts that they are ready for inspection
6.3.11.2 No concrete shall be mixed or placed until this inspection is completed and concrete control, placement authorization slips have been signed and given to the Subcontractor
6.3.11.3 Inspection for shuttering will be carried-out and inspection findings will be recorded in respective quality forms as detailed in the Inspection and Test Plan of concrete works 6.3.11.4 Walkway platforms for inspection and erection shall be provided.
Reinforcement Fixing
6.4.1 Reinforcement is fixed in accordance with the drawings The fixing of reinforcement and formwork activities may be carried-out in parallel or alternatively the sequence can be interchanged and adequate supports are provided to avoid any movement of reinforcement during the concreting operations, the position lapping not over 50% in one section
6.4.2 Adequate spacer blocks are installed to ensure that uniform cover is maintained between concrete and reinforcement, and installation shall be complied with ACI301 Strength of spacer block shall not be fewer than design strength of concrete
6.4.3 All relevant mill test certificate of the reinforcement will be checked.
Fixing of Cable Entry Ducts
6.5.1 The cable entry ducts are placed at places indicated in the drawing and in accordance with the levels
6.5.2 All ducts are secured firmly to the reinforcement to avoid any movements during the concreting works.
Fixing of Inserts
6.6.1 Inserts are fixed in a position in accordance with the drawings and checked for its line and level
6.6.2 The position and levels of bolts and pockets are thoroughly checked by the Site Engineer and then the inserts are fixed to independent support to prevent any movement during the concreting works Adequate supports are given to the inserts to avoid any lateral/vertical movements Care shall be taken to ensure that no shuttering props are in direct contact with the inserts Picture below is an example:
Cleaning and Final Fixing of the Last Side of Shutter
6.7.1 After completion of initial fixation and checking, a thorough clean-up of the area will be carried- out to ensure that no foreign particles are left inside the block and last side of the shutter is erected and supported.
Inspection and Approval of Quality Documents, Safety condition
6.8.1 Prior to the actual concreting, the works shall be first inspected thoroughly by the Subcontractor Site Engineer followed by QA/QC Engineer and then a request for inspection made to Contractor and Owner for final checking
6.8.2 Necessary quality documents will be signed by Owner/Contractor/Subcontractor as per the approved Site ITP
6.8.3 Site condition will be final checking before casting concrete by Safety team such as: Scaffolding card, barricade, lighting, ….
Concreting
To ensure smooth concreting operations, the Site Engineer, in collaboration with the Site QA/QC Engineer and Site Foreman, will conduct essential checks These include verifying the adequacy and condition of vibrator units, ensuring the availability of slump cones and tamping rods, and confirming sufficient lighting on-site.
STEEL BOX 50x50x1,5 PROTECTION aNCHOR bolt
TEMPLATE SUPPORTS foundation STEEL ANGLE/REBAR
To ensure the successful pouring of concrete, it is essential to have a concrete thermometer available and adequate polythene sheets or coverings ready Proper scaffolding must provide clear access for personnel, while designated access routes for concrete supply should be established with effective traffic control measures Continuous transportation of concrete is crucial to maintain the required pour temperature, which necessitates planning for the concrete batching plant's capacity and the number of delivery trucks A sufficiently long boom concrete pump will be utilized, with a second pump on standby if needed Before concreting begins, the area should be thoroughly wetted, ensuring no standing water remains Dedicated personnel will monitor the movement of shutters and bolts, as well as verify the compliance of concrete from each truck with specifications such as temperature, slump, and air content; any non-compliant trucks will be rejected Finally, precautions will be taken to protect the freshly poured concrete from dust or rain, with polyethylene sheets or other coverings on standby for immediate use.
6.9.2 Mixing, transporting and placing o Ready mix concrete of grade as per the approved mix design, design drawing shall be used o Concrete shall be transported in accordance with ACI 304 which ensures that at the point of deposition it is of the correct quality and consistency o In principle, transportation time of fresh concrete, which include the mixing time and placing, shall be less than 2.0 hours o Water shall not be added to the mix after the concrete has left the mixer o All equipment for transporting and placing concrete shall be adequate to maintain a continuous
To ensure the quality of fresh concrete, it must be kept free from hardened concrete, and deposition points should not exceed 2 meters apart to minimize lateral movement Any concrete not placed within the specified time will be discarded unless approved by the Engineer Prior to casting, concrete will be tested for temperature, slump, and air content, and placement will occur only in the Engineer's presence A dedicated team will be responsible for pouring and compacting the concrete, utilizing sufficient vibrators continuously, with backups available on-site Vibrating will be conducted by experienced personnel under the Engineer's supervision to prevent segregation Concrete should be compacted promptly after mixing, and pouring will proceed continuously to all joints, ensuring spaces are clean and free of standing water The height of concrete drops must be managed to avoid segregation and damage to reinforcement and formwork Concreting will occur in horizontal layers, limited to a maximum height of 6 meters per day and 5 meters for walls, with mass concrete requiring separate preparation When using a chute, the maximum drop height should not exceed 1.5 meters, and chutes must remain clean Pumped concrete will be placed following ACI Standard 304.2R guidelines, and precautions will be taken to protect the concrete from dust and rain using polyethylene sheets or other coverings After completing the work, a thorough inspection of the formwork and embedded items will be conducted to ensure integrity and proper levels.
6.9.3 Compaction and vibration o Concrete shall be compacted by mechanical vibrators electrically or pneumatically driven o Vibrating of the concrete shall be carried-out by experienced personnel and under supervision of the Engineer to ensure that no segregation of the concrete due to over vibration o Concrete shall be compacted in its final position as soon as practicable after mixing o They shall be slowly immersed and withdrawn vertically at spacing of 30 cm to 50 cm, with vibration periods of 10 to 15 seconds for each penetration, and shall penetrate into the layer below o Vibrators shall not come into contact with reinforcement or embedded parts o Where immersion vibrators cannot be used, the concrete shall be compacted by form vibrators, rigidly attached to the outside of the form
6.9.4 Field Tests o Checking of compliance to the concrete from each mixer truck for its suitability of meeting specification such as temperature, slump, air-content shall be carried out prior to placing of concrete o Standard test cylinders will be 150mm in diameter by 300mm high and will be made representative concrete as it is being introduced into the forms o A designated necessary facility shall be provided for taking the samples o The job cured cylinders will be placed in the work area in such a manner that they will be subjected to the same conditions of curing as the concrete in the work o It shall be ensured that the specimens are not disturbed by the personnel working on the site during the curing period o Concrete samples shall be obtained in accordance with ASTM C 172, One set for each day a given class is placed, nor less than- Once for each 110 m3 of each class placed each day, nor less than- Once for each 460m2 of slab or wall surface area placed each day
A set consists of either 9 cylinders for concrete strength tested at 28 days or 12 cylinders for strength tested at 91 days, specifically for fly ash concrete According to ASTM C 39, three cylinders must be tested at 7, 28, and 91 days, with an additional three cylinders reserved as spares.
The acceptance strength of concrete is determined by the average of three test specimens tested at either 28 or 91 days Early age test results, conducted at 7 days for the 28-day specification or at both 7 and 28 days for the 91-day specification, are reported for informational purposes To meet the acceptance criteria, the average of all sets of three consecutive strength test results at the specified age must equal or exceed the specified compressive strength, with no individual test result falling below this strength by more than 3.5 MPa.
Curing
6.10.1 Freshly placed concrete shall be protected from drying and extremes of temperature After it has hardened sufficiently to prevent damage thereby, suitable and adequate protection shall be provided during the curing period against damage from shock and impact, exposure to undesirable weather conditions including extremes of temperatures and loss of moisture
6.10.2 The exposed surfaces of freshly placed concrete shall be kept in continuously moist condition for a period of at least 7 days by the use of absorbent mats or burlap which shall be wetted down as required to keep them in a continuously moist condition for the duration of the curing period To assist in maintaining the moist conditions, adequate impervious sheets such as plastic film or its equivalent shall be used as cover (Refer ACI 318-11)
6.10.3 Immediately upon the removal of the side forms, absorbent mats or burlap shall be draped down the sides a sufficient distance to completely cover the exposed surfaces and kept in a continuously moist condition or the required curing period
6.10.4 In order to control the cracking the following measure shall be applied;
6.10.4.1 Immediately upon the completion of the concrete the top surface shall be covered with
Polythene Sheet with joints overlapping 50mm and sealed properly to prevent evaporation of water from the concrete
6.10.4.2 Subsequently the above area shall be covered with absorbent mats or burlap for minimum of 7 days or curing compound shall be applied
6.10.4.3 In case of blinding concrete the concrete curing shall be for one day
6.10.4.4 Then the entire area is flooded with water to prevent evaporation loss
6.10.4.5 Where the concrete protective coating is applicable the area shall be cleaned thoroughly and protective coating shall be applied in accordance with the approved coating specification
Removal of Forms
6.11.1 Care shall be taken to ensure that during removal of form operations concrete edges are protected from any possible chipping off
6.11.2 All embedded parts be cleaned thoroughly and made free from dust, cement and slurry and covered with temporary protections
6.11.3 For easy de-shuttering the shutter surface in contact with concrete shall be treated with a coat of Detmold oil
6.11.4 Forms and supports shall remain in place in accordance with ACI 347
6.11.5 The minimum times required between placing the concrete and removing the formwork shall be as the following table:
TYPE OF STRUCTURE MINIMUM PERIOD BEFORE REMOVING
Wall, Column, sides of Beams 12 hours
Pan joist forms, Slabs under 3m clear span between structural supports 4 days
Slabs, range 3-6m clear span between structural supports 7 days
Slabs, over 6m clear span between structural supports 14 days
Horizontal Construction Joint
6.12.1 When fresh concrete is to be placed on set concrete, a layer of mortar (water and cement only) shall be applied by spray/brush on the dry surface before the fresh concrete is placed The mortar shall contain the same proportions of cement as the concrete mix
6.12.2 At construction joints, the concrete surface shall be roughened by air-water jet, after it has reached its final set but not more than 12 hours after its placing was completed, so as to expose the aggregate In the case of more than 12 hours, use a handheld device to chipping
6.12.3 All equipment and materials required for the proper placing, vibrating, finishing and curing of the concrete shall be at hand prior to the placing of concrete
6.12.4 The showing edge of construction joints shall be brought to a neat line by the use of chamfer strips when forming
6.12.5 Concrete shall not be deposited upon a prepared joint until all free water has been removed from the surface
Water Stops
• Water used in mixing and curing concrete shall be fresh, clean, potable and free from injurious amount soft oil, acid, alkali, organic matter or other deleterious substances
• Adequate water storage facilities shall be provided by the Contractor to ensure that placing and curing operations are not interrupted
• Water additions to the concrete other than the required batching water shall not be made 6.1.5 Admixture
• Admixtures for concrete shall conform to ASTM C494/C494M-99ae1 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete ; ASTM C1017/C1017M-98 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
• All concrete supplied by the Contractor shall contain the admixtures as required by these specifications
Incorporate an air-entraining admixture into the concrete as reviewed by the Engineer, ensuring that the amount of entrained air meets the specified requirements and follows the Engineer's directives.
• The air-entraining admixture shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C260-01 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
• Water reducing admixture or plasticizing agent shall be incorporated into the concrete mix using method sand proportions as recommended by the manufacturer
• Fly Ash be followed and comply with ASTM C618 Class F, fly ash sampled and tested in accordance with ASTM C 311
• Proportions of all materials used for the manufacture of concrete will be controlled in accordance with the concrete mix design
• All materials used in the manufacture of concrete shall be measured by weight except the liquid admixtures as required which shall be measured by volume
• The water content of all concrete mixtures shall be the minimum necessary to adequately place the concrete with systematic and uniform internal vibration
• Water-Cement Ratio: Not more than 0.50 for concrete structure
• The Contractor shall use a batching plant, which can produce concrete continuously at a rate that will complete the works within the required time
• All equipment producing concrete shall be kept clean of hardened cement and concrete
• The plant shall include provisions to facilitate the inspection of all operations at all times
• Proof of accurate calibration of the scales shall be given to the Engineer when requested
• The mixers shall be capable of combining the materials into a uniform mixture and discharging the mixture without segregation
6.2.1 The site is to ensure that the instruments such as level and total station used in setting-out has a valid calibration certificate and checks are made at site to ensure that these instruments are in a good working order
6.3.1 Formwork shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ACI 347 or as approved by the Engineer Approval shall be required before formwork construction commences
6.3.2 Forms shall be made of steel or heavy waterproof plywood Forms shall conform to the shapes, lines and dimensions of the structure according to the drawings It shall be substantial, rigid and unyielding
6.3.3 Forms shall be so designed, ties and supported so that they will not deflect or bulge during placement and compaction of the concrete It shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar
6.3.4 Forms for successive lifts on adjacent parts of the structure shall be so arranged that a continuous, uniform and harmonious texture of the concrete surface results
6.3.5 Fabricated forms will be erected on 3 sides and adequately supported using steel props and bolts/clamps
6.3.6 The verticality, line and levels of the erected forms shall be checked by the formworks Foreman in first instance and subsequently by the Site Engineer and Surveyor
6.3.7 The last side of forms will be erected after the completion on fixing of all inserts and cleaning
6.3.8 Before concrete is placed within the forms, the accumulated dust and debris shall be removed from the forms are removed there shall be no metal within 80mm of any concrete surface
6.3.9 In general, chamfer strips of 25mm in dimension shall be provided at all exposed corners and edges unless otherwise shown in the drawings
6.3.10 Tolerance of form work shall satisfy ACI 301 & 117
6.3.11.1 The Subcontractor will notify the Contractor in writing in sufficient time to permit a thorough inspection of the forms, form bracing, reinforcing steel and embedded parts that they are ready for inspection
6.3.11.2 No concrete shall be mixed or placed until this inspection is completed and concrete control, placement authorization slips have been signed and given to the Subcontractor
6.3.11.3 Inspection for shuttering will be carried-out and inspection findings will be recorded in respective quality forms as detailed in the Inspection and Test Plan of concrete works 6.3.11.4 Walkway platforms for inspection and erection shall be provided
6.4.1 Reinforcement is fixed in accordance with the drawings The fixing of reinforcement and formwork activities may be carried-out in parallel or alternatively the sequence can be interchanged and adequate supports are provided to avoid any movement of reinforcement during the concreting operations, the position lapping not over 50% in one section
6.4.2 Adequate spacer blocks are installed to ensure that uniform cover is maintained between concrete and reinforcement, and installation shall be complied with ACI301 Strength of spacer block shall not be fewer than design strength of concrete
6.4.3 All relevant mill test certificate of the reinforcement will be checked
6.5 Fixing of Cable Entry Ducts
6.5.1 The cable entry ducts are placed at places indicated in the drawing and in accordance with the levels
6.5.2 All ducts are secured firmly to the reinforcement to avoid any movements during the concreting works
6.6.1 Inserts are fixed in a position in accordance with the drawings and checked for its line and level
6.6.2 The position and levels of bolts and pockets are thoroughly checked by the Site Engineer and then the inserts are fixed to independent support to prevent any movement during the concreting works Adequate supports are given to the inserts to avoid any lateral/vertical movements Care shall be taken to ensure that no shuttering props are in direct contact with the inserts Picture below is an example:
6.7 Cleaning and Final Fixing of the Last Side of Shutter
6.7.1 After completion of initial fixation and checking, a thorough clean-up of the area will be carried- out to ensure that no foreign particles are left inside the block and last side of the shutter is erected and supported
6.8 Inspection and Approval of Quality Documents, Safety condition
6.8.1 Prior to the actual concreting, the works shall be first inspected thoroughly by the Subcontractor Site Engineer followed by QA/QC Engineer and then a request for inspection made to Contractor and Owner for final checking
6.8.2 Necessary quality documents will be signed by Owner/Contractor/Subcontractor as per the approved Site ITP
6.8.3 Site condition will be final checking before casting concrete by Safety team such as: Scaffolding card, barricade, lighting, …
To ensure smooth concreting operations, the Site Engineer, in collaboration with the Site QA/QC Engineer and Site Foreman, will conduct essential checks, including verifying the adequacy and condition of vibrator units and backups, ensuring the availability of slump cones and tamping rods, and confirming sufficient lighting on-site.
STEEL BOX 50x50x1,5 PROTECTION aNCHOR bolt
TEMPLATE SUPPORTS foundation STEEL ANGLE/REBAR
To ensure optimal conditions for concrete pouring, it is essential to have a concrete thermometer available, adequate polythene sheets, and proper scaffolding with clear access for personnel movement Designated access routes for concrete supply must be established, along with effective traffic control measures, to facilitate continuous transportation of concrete and maintain the required pouring temperature Planning for the concrete batching plant's capacity and the number of delivery trucks is crucial to minimize temperature differentials within the concrete mass during the pour A sufficiently long boom concrete pump will be utilized, with a second pump on standby if needed Prior to pouring, the area should be thoroughly wetted, ensuring no standing water remains Dedicated personnel will monitor the movement of shutters and bolts, while additional staff will check each truck's concrete compliance with specifications, including temperature, slump, and air content, rejecting any non-compliant trucks Lastly, protective measures against dust and rain will be implemented, with polyethylene sheets and other coverings readily available for the finished concrete.
6.9.2 Mixing, transporting and placing o Ready mix concrete of grade as per the approved mix design, design drawing shall be used o Concrete shall be transported in accordance with ACI 304 which ensures that at the point of deposition it is of the correct quality and consistency o In principle, transportation time of fresh concrete, which include the mixing time and placing, shall be less than 2.0 hours o Water shall not be added to the mix after the concrete has left the mixer o All equipment for transporting and placing concrete shall be adequate to maintain a continuous
Pre-molded Joint Filler
6.15.1 Joint filler shall be provided according to the drawings
6.15.2 Joint filler shall, where possible, be nailed to the forms with the nail heads protruding from the surface to provide a bond into the concrete.
Joint Sealant
6.16.1 The sealant shall be a one component, permanently flexible polyurethane base elastomeric sealant, gray in color
6.16.2 The sealant shall retain elasticity and durability over a temperature range of -40 º C to +65 º C 6.16.3 No application of sealant shall be made until: a The concrete is fully cured b The surface of the concrete to which the sealant will be applied is sandblasted to remove friable material and cleaned by means of a compressed air jet
6.16.5 The sealant shall be applied in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
Steel wire fix in waterstop
DETAIL OF CONNECTION AND FIX OF WATER STOP
Surface Finish, General
6.17.1 The formed surface of concrete shall be true, sound, smooth and free from defects except as otherwise noted
6.17.2 Immediately upon the removal of forms, the surface shall be inspected, repaired and finished as specified
6.17.3 The surface of the concrete to be finished shall be thoroughly saturated with water and maintained wet for at least one hour before finishing operations are begun
6.17.4 Surfaces that have been improperly filled improperly cured or otherwise damaged due to the failure to observe the procedures shall be repaired
6.17.5 No material shall remain on the surface of the concrete except within the voids
6.17.6 The surface shall be maintained in a damp condition by means of burlap sacking or other absorbent material for a period of 36 hours after finishing
6.17.7 The sand and cement used in the mortar shall be the same as that used in the concrete
6.17.8 To determine the exact proportions, trial batched in which the percentage of replacement is varied shall be made, allowed to set and compared with the surface of the concrete to be sack rubbed
6.17.9 Exposed unformed surfaces shall be screed and floated to an even dense surface, free from projecting stone, high spots and depression
6.17.10 In the event that finishes are not specified or given on the drawings, the finish to be used shall be that specified for similar surfaces as determined by the Engineer
6.17.11 Formed and unformed surfaces shall be given finishes unless otherwise specified or indicated on the drawings
6.17.12 All finished works shall be free from all defects which will impair its appearance, strength, impermanence ability and durability Defective or inferior shall be removed and replaced or restored to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Treatment of Chipped Concrete Surfaces
6.18.1 The exposed surfaces of all chipped concrete recesses and surfaces which will be left exposed after the existing concrete has been removed shall either be formed and backfilled with concrete 6.18.2 Where pargeting of the exposed concrete surfaces to match the surrounding surface is required, according to the drawings or as directed by the Engineer, this shall be carried out as directed by
Hot Weather Control (Refer ACI-305R-Guide to hot weather concreting.)
Hot weather negatively affects the quality of freshly mixed or hardened concrete by increasing moisture loss and accelerating cement hydration, leading to potentially harmful outcomes.
Potential problems in hot weather:
• Increased rate of slump loss and corresponding tendency to add water at the job site;
• Increased rate of setting, resulting in greater difficulty with handling, compacting, and finishing, and a greater risk of cold joints;
• Increased tendency for plastic-shrinkage cracking; and
• Increased difficulty in controlling entrained air content
6.19.1 Use of admixture (PFA, etc ) in the mix to reduce the heat of hydration
6.19.2 Use of an admixture which provides a pump able mix without raising the cement content
6.19.3 Chilled water reduces the temperature at the time of placement which in turn reduces the final temperature at the core
INSPECTION AND TESTING
The Site Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) outlines essential characteristics to be verified during the project The Site Engineer or Foreman is tasked with ensuring compliance at each stage of the operation, while the Site QA/QC Engineer or Inspector conducts quality control checks and reports the findings For detailed information, please refer to the separately submitted ITP.
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY (EHS)
EHS General requirement
- EHS Officer shall monitor and cooperate with Site Engineer to ensure that all work is undertaken following EHS Regulation
- EHS officer shall ensure that all new manpower understand the health and safety general requirements and attend EHS induction training prior to being allowed to commence work
- Site Engineer shall carry-out daily tool box meeting and safety talks with Safety Staff assisted
- All personnel should know the locations of fire extinguishers, communications, manual alarms
- All personnel should be aware of assembly points, escape routes, emergency contact numbers
- All personnel must have been and proper trained about their duty and action during emergency case occupation
- All personnel onsite must have ID badge permanently or temporarily
- All new recruits will undergo proper orientation and safety induction before they could deployed at site for work
Workers assigned to high-risk tasks must complete appropriate safety training courses, including Working at Heights (WAH), Hot Work, and Lifting & Rigging, tailored to the specific requirements of their job.
- Periodic refresher trainings, tool box talk and audit shall be conducted
All workers are required to participate in regular job-specific training to enhance their skills for executing complex tasks Continuous training, including Toolbox Meetings (TBM) and daily safety discussions, is essential to ensure a safe working environment and to equip employees with the necessary knowledge for safe practices.
- Prior to using any machines/equipment at site, ensure that they will be inspected and certified by qualified person
- Operators and drivers are to be equipped with valid driver's/operator's license or permit from concerned government agency
- Periodic Preventive Maintenance will be made on all equipment and machines
- Pre-check machine/ equipment condition and operating status before starting working shift
- Any potentially dusty material being transported from work sites will be securely contained Transporting vehicles, etc., will be monitored to prevent overloading and over-filling
- Weight of dump truck containing the excavated material will not be exceeded the limited weight allowed by the nation, local and traffic law
- Parking at designated area Turn the engine off and hold the key
- Off cellphone communication during working or travelling
- Vehicle onsite must have Approved Gate Pass Badge Equipment must have safety Sticker or Safe inspected label before using
All materials and equipment must be organized and stored neatly in designated areas on-site to ensure safety and reduce injury risks Housekeeping is a responsibility shared by all personnel, and the EHS officer will oversee these activities Work will be temporarily halted if the EHS officer identifies any housekeeping deficiencies Additionally, temporary storage or stockpile areas must be secured, isolated, and clearly labeled to maintain a safe working environment.
Oily materials must be stored in designated areas equipped with trays and fire extinguishers In the event of leaks during fuel filling, it is crucial to promptly report the incident to the Owner and address the situation with caution.
- Chemicals / flammable material must store in a proper way individually away from the burning source Labeled and SDS must be presented
8.1.6 Waste and hazardous waste Treatment
- Contaminated soil is collected after removing oil and/or fuel through sand and adsorbent, and is disposed by a hazardous waste disposal company
- Construction wastes shall be segregated and disposed to an approved dump yard area
- Domestic wastes shall be segregated and disposed to an approved dump yard area
- Waste Bins must be placed onsite and segregated individually for domestic/construction/hazardous waste
Excavation and backfilling activities must be conducted without spilling or burning waste, debris, toxic chemicals, or oil grease on the ground or in any watercourse All waste must be properly stored in drums or containers, removed from the site, and disposed of according to approved disposal methods.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be worn at all times during the working shift
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be issued to all workers such as safety shoes, hard hat, working gloves, safety goggles, reflective vest
- Wearing of the basic PPE will be enforcing fully
- Ear plug must properly be using at any rapidly and strongly / heavily / loudly noise occur location
- Dust mask must be used to reduce dust impacted at breaking/ chipping concrete task
- Face shield must apply at any task with fragments’ flying situation or burning skin impacted status
8.1.8 The Health and Safety control measures
The Contractor will install a construction notice signboard and manage site access to prevent conflicts and accidents with local residents A watchman will be stationed near the work boundary, and subcontractors are responsible for placing warning signboards at their respective worksites.
- Ensure that proper access provided for travelling / transportation and access work location
- Always obey speed limits and traffic signs for ingress and egress from the site
- Barricades/Signs will be provided sufficiently and maintained, as precautionary measures during the entire stage of construction, to protect the work and safety of the workmen
- Pass though the isolated area without permission is prohibited
- Walkway and conveyance route must be individuated Shortcut is prohibited
- Walking, driving while ringing phone or texting the phone is prohibited
- Excavation and delivery of materials are prohibited during heavy rains
- Equipment must stand on a tight place to working or keep a safe distance from excavated edge/slope
- Excavated pit must make slope edge follow the safety technical standard requirement to avoid collapsing or falling Ratio at least 1:1 for the weak foundation status
- Multi-edge-slope applied to the excavated pit’s edge for every 2m deep
- Set slope-collapsing-preventing method if excavating the ground much stagnant and heavy rain season
- Manual activities near the weak slope after rain is limited
- Excavation and delivery of materials are prohibited during heavy rains
Fall down and work at high
Operators should remain in the cockpit when the machine is positioned on a soil slope to avoid the risk of falling After completing their work shift, the vehicle must be relocated to the designated area.
- Manual activities inside or on the 1st floor or above of the post office is prohibited
- Any deep hole near the soil slump must be backfill to prevent falling when the manual assisting in needed
- Smoking inside the cockpit is prohibited
- Burning materials, rubbish at work area is prohibited
- Each machine must store a fire extinguisher in its cockpit or its body
- Fuel refill in a proper method and phone using during the task prohibited
- Maintenance and repair vehicle at a designated and individual place Drip tray applied to prevent oil leaking and affecting to the environment
- Collect every tools, material remained after done the task
Permit to Work and Overtime working
- Ensure all activities properly submit/inform to the contractor/ owner and get approval before starting Every high risk task must have approved- permission before start
- Ensure all workers and equipment’s working overtime are properly accounted and obtained permit/ approval from EHS Manager prior to carry-on works
Before commencing work, supervisors must assess wind conditions and direction If the wind is strong, work should be paused until conditions improve Additionally, if dust dispersion could impact nearby villages during activities, operations will also be halted to ensure safety and minimize disruption.
- Spread water at to reduce dust spreading during executing task and transportation
- Watering the road to reduce dust spreading during driving and bothering the local commoners
- Dust mask must be applied at concrete’s chipping/breaking area
- Supervisor usual measurement noise level from the executing activity by suitable equipment in public road at least two time per day
- Ear Plug must applied at a rapidly and strong/loudly noise ‘s executing area
- Specific industrial chemical send to site must be declared and submit SDS for monitoring Store individually with proper method and labeled
- Proper PPE applied for handling with industrial chemical material
Personnel handling toxic chemicals must undergo proper training to ensure safety It is essential to establish and display safe work procedures for the handling and use of these materials in the storage area.
- Construction Waste and domestic waste must be segregated and stored in a proper way with specific waste bins
- Hazardous waste must have been stored individually and solved with 3rd parties
- Consider working time and daily working time duration of laborers to prevent health affect, fatigue
- No work allowed while in illness and bad health condition status
- Consider working routine and resting properly to encircle their health status.
Site Situation Response and Emergency Response
Before starting the Work, the Subcontractor must assess and report on the condition of existing houses, waste materials, farms, and any ongoing cultivation activities to both the Contractor and the relevant local authorities.
- The VP1’s target is zero incidents and accidents to achieve the objective of no harm to people
In the event of an incident or accident at the site, it must be promptly reported to the EHS officer and manager While it is acknowledged that incidents may happen, management will thoroughly investigate each occurrence and provide a report The ultimate goal remains clear: to achieve zero harm to individuals and to prevent future incidents.
- Reporting line : Incident / accident EHS officer and manager Site manager Owner
In the event of minor accidents on-site, the medical kit is readily available in the container field office For injuries that exceed typical cases, patients are referred to the appropriate hospital based on the severity of the accident.
8.2.2 Emergency and contact information (It will be updated with new subcontract.)
Job Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment
Activity General Concrete work - Formwork fabricate and install - Assessment Purpose
Pouring concrete - Curing Preparation for Method Statement of VP1-0-l4-C-Gen-10007
Job / Task People Cause of
Assessment at Risk Adverse Effect
1- Mobilization of manpower and materials, equipment
Site personnel /Public /Subcontra ctors
- Unauthorized vehicles and pedestrians passing through site entrances
- Lack of suitable access/egress from the project location
- Lack of awareness and suitable control measures implemented
- No control of delivery vehicles (& drivers) travelling to, from or around site
- Competent persons must be choose with suitable and talent, skill for job Their full legally documents with certificates, license must be checked and submitted Full PPE required
- Gate Entry: only authorized persons to enter site with the relevant ID card and site pass for vehicle
Both documents shall be given to personnel who have undertaken an EHS induction training
- All suitable access/egress locations, signage, pedestrian walkways and routes will be highlighted on the traffic management plan and site layout plan
- Suitable speed limits will be enforced for jobsite and public road
- Adequate warning signage will be erected on all routes
- Good visibility allowed for vehicles entering/exiting site and the public passing-by
- Entrance well maintained; kept clean, level and trip free
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any alteration to working conditions or operations—such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new equipment, or the involvement of new workers—will necessitate a fresh risk assessment, followed by the implementation of additional control measures tailored to the specific operation.
- Effect on people health from hazardous fumes
- Provision of Mobil toilet at site
- Provide waste bin at site with instruction and rules
All delivery vehicles (& drivers) travelling to, from or around site/
- Collision with vehicles and pedestrians due to lack of knowledge and awareness of traffic routes
- Not wearing the appropriate PPE when on site
- Bad vehicle technical quality status
- Overturning of vehicle when unloading
- Vehicle and equipment must have full legal document as Requirements and must be inspection before allowing to enter the site
- Any material enter to site must be declared and inform to the Consortium to be approved before enter the site
- Traffic management plan and site layout shall be produced and displayed at site entrance
- All suitable access/egress locations, signage, pedestrian walkways and routes will be highlighted on the traffic management plan and site layout plan
- All delivery drivers to receive brief induction & direction from gate attendant
- Delivery vehicles to be escorted by trained banks man at all times
- All delivery drivers to wear min PPE inclusive of safety helmet, safety shoes, safety glasses and high-visibility vest
- Traffic controllers assigned on intersections and congested areas
- Only certified and qualified riggers will load / unload materials during lifting operations
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any modifications to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new plant or equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will necessitate a new risk assessment This assessment will ensure that appropriate control measures are implemented to align with the updated operational requirements.
Health ]- Use of public roads- Dust emissions into the air- Generation of noise- Soil contamination from vehicle/plant and equipment
Noise and dust pollution significantly impact public health, contributing to respiratory issues and stress among residents Ground contamination from oil spills or leaks from plants, equipment, and vehicles poses serious environmental risks Additionally, traffic congestion on public roads exacerbates these problems, affecting local road conditions and the well-being of adjacent buildings and their occupants Overall, the cumulative effects of noise, dust, and contamination highlight the urgent need for effective management and mitigation strategies.
To effectively manage environmental impacts during the project, we prioritize traffic control during peak hours on public roads, implement regular water spraying to mitigate dust on roads, and conduct thorough inspections of all vehicles and equipment before site entry to prevent oil spills and leaks Additionally, we require all vehicles transporting bulk materials to be sheathed to minimize dust dispersal during transit, both on and off-site Noise monitoring will be conducted to restrict high-noise equipment from entering the site To further reduce dust, we will regularly spray water on stripped topsoil and ensure that our secondary containment system has a capacity of at least 110% of the storage container’s capacity.
- Dust emissions into the air
- Use of hazardous substances and soil contamination
- Effect on public health due to dust and noise
- Effect on public health due to uncontrolled use of hazardous substances
- Control of noise by selecting efficient equipment
- Control of dust through regular water spray on roads
- Equipment inspection before entering to site to check any possible oil leakage
Site personnel /Public /Subcontra ctors
- Overturning and overloading of vehicles
- Lack of signage and speed limits
- Lack of barriers along roadways
- Lack of training and awareness
- Lack of designated parking areas
- Entering heavy equipment operated range/ high-risk activities operating
- Traffic management plan; informed during training and displayed on site entrance
- Only travel or driving at suitable and sufficient traffic routes (vehicle and pedestrian segregation) or through the access / egress to the jobsite No shortcut allow
- All reversing of vehicles control by a banks man
- Follow road/ access/ egress signage displayed
- Comply access routes and speed limits
- Roads of adequate width to allow traffic to move safely
- Heavy equipment designated flagman during travel
- Vehicles parking at designated areas
- Comply signboard, warning board along the route
- Speed down and careful vision when driving at Conner , cross road
- Do not using phone or calling/ answer the call during driving
- Do no pass any warning tape/ Isolated area without permission
- No Overload and stock material without tied properly
- Entering Hazard Area with High Risk Activities on Operating is profited
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any alterations to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will necessitate a new risk assessment This assessment will ensure that appropriate control measures are implemented to align with the revised operational requirements.
- Traffic accident due to congestion
- Effect on public health due to dust emission
- Effect on public health due to generation of noise
- Managing traffic of the project considering the rush hours on public roads
- Control dust through regular water spray on roads
- Control noise by inspection of vehicle/equipment/plants
- Traffic controllers assigned on intersections and congested areas
- Every equipment must be daily check Any oil leak must be handling Oil Absorbed materials / contaminated material will be stocked properly and transfer to the 3rd Party for handling
- Spill kit / Emergency spill kit must be keep on each vehicles for sudden maintenance or oil leak accident
[ Safety ]- Collision with moving vehicles- Slips, trips and falls- Struck by moving, falling or flying objects- Falls from working at height
[ Safety ]- Fatality- Serious personnel injury
For safety during travel on-site, always use designated pedestrian walkways that are separated from vehicle and work operations Maintain good housekeeping by keeping access routes clear of obstructions and hazards that could cause trips, slips, or falls, with regular inspections conducted Ensure suitable netting is installed over walkways, and waste materials are transferred safely from heights using waste chutes Stairways must be adequately wide and deep, with handrails on both sides Segregate vehicle routes, unloading/loading areas, and material storage areas to enhance safety Vehicle reversing should be managed by a banksman and equipped with audible devices Training should cover site layout and traffic management, with this information displayed in notice boards and welfare areas Use clear signage at all pedestrian crossing points and ensure personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn at all times Canopies with nets and signage should be provided along access ways to buildings for easy identification Assign traffic controllers at intersections and congested areas, and prohibit shortcut paths on-site Vehicles should not enter operating areas, lifting ranges, or confined spaces without authorization, and distractions such as phone use should be avoided while walking.
Control measures will be consistently reviewed and monitored to ensure their effectiveness, with necessary improvements implemented as needed Any changes in working conditions or operations, such as modifications in sequencing, the introduction of new equipment, or the involvement of new personnel, will trigger a new risk assessment, followed by the implementation of additional control measures tailored to the updated operational requirements.
- Over speeding of vehicles in public areas
- Information to community regarding heavy traffic movement
- Random checking by security of vehicle speed using speed gun
- Installation of additional speed limit and stop signage on roads
- Ignition of flammable gases and combustible materials
- Faulty cables, extension leads, plugs and sockets
- RCD or ELCB rated at 30mA (milliamp) to be installed and tested before use
- Distribution board must remain locked at all times
- Maintenance undertaken by competent person
- PPE shall be worn at all times
- Only qualified and certified (3rd Party) electrician allowed to terminate panel boards
- All distribution panel boards have warning signs, checklist and contact person attached on the front door
- Cables must be hung over the ground or installed underground and not obstruct the movement/ transportation activities
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any modifications to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new plant or equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will trigger a new risk assessment Subsequently, appropriate control measures will be implemented to align with the updated operations.
- Lack of control of access to electrical networks
- Fatality or serious injury due to unauthorized access to electrical networks
- Implementation of Lock out Tag Out system
- Restrict the unauthorized access to the electrical networks
- All distribution panel boards are locked and only authorized person can open the panel boards
- All distribution panel boards have warning signs, checklist and contact person attached on the front door
- Fire provisions in presence of all hot works
- Complete PPE must be worn by all operatives
- Hot works to cease before the end of the working day and work inspected prior to completion
- All work areas kept clear of debris and rubbish
- Fire watchman must be designated during hot work operation
- Mandatory prior start of hot work must comply with three requirements: Fire extinguisher available, fire blanket to be use and certified fire watchman in place
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any alterations to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will necessitate a fresh risk assessment This assessment will ensure that appropriate control measures are implemented to align with the updated operations.
- Effects on people health due to smoke and fumes
- Property damage due to fire
- Provision of suitable respiratory protection
- Implementation of fire prevention policy
- Hazard material remained from electric cut must be collect and stock properly
- Collisions between people and equipment
- Regular inspections and maintenance by competent persons Daily check before working
- Only competent persons with approved certification can use equipment
- Warning signage used on equipment
- Emergency stop devices and guards used on all equipment
- Suitable and sufficient training given to all operatives
- Proper PPE worn by all persons at all times
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any modifications to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will trigger a new risk assessment This assessment will lead to the implementation of additional control measures tailored to the specific operation.
Health ]- Uncontrolled access- Oil spill/leakage
[ ES&H ]- Exposure of unauthorized person to site- Soil contamination
To ensure a safe and compliant work environment, it is essential to restrict unauthorized access to the site Prior to entry, all equipment must undergo thorough inspections to identify any potential oil leaks Additionally, implementing secondary containment measures for all stationary equipment is crucial to prevent environmental contamination.
- Electrical equipment register containing all electrical equipment on site as well as relevant documentation
- Temporary power supply, portable electrical tools, cables will be tested and inspected every three months by competent persons, and tagged to certifying it is safe for use
- All defective items reported immediately, if defect renders equipment unsafe to use it will be removed from site until repaired
- Double insulated cables to be used on hand held tools
- All cable routes shall be designated so that to not obstructed access/egress walkways
- PPE must be worn at all times
- Use of industrial plug 44 for all power tools at site
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any alterations to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new plant or equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will necessitate a new risk assessment This assessment will lead to the implementation of additional control measures tailored to the specific operation.
- Generation of noise and vibration
- Generation of hazardous dust from wood saw and concrete grinding
- Effect on health due to noise and vibration
- Effect on health due to hazardous dust emission into air
- Control of noise and vibration through inspection of tools and equipment before entering to site
- Segregation of wood cutting area from other activities
- Control of concrete dust by using dust suckers
- Use of appropriate PPE (ear plug respiratory protection)
- Collisions between people and plant
- Segregation of working area while lifting in progress
- Only competent authorized persons with the relevant certificates and license, to operate machinery and conduct lifting operations
- All lifting operations to have a banks man at all times
- Warning signage displayed notifying of lifting operations
- Regular inspections and maintenance of equipment undertaken by competent persons
- Records and registers of all equipment to be maintained on site
- Suitable and sufficient training given to all operatives
- Lifting plan to be developed and distributed to relevant parties
- PPE shall be worn at all times
- Full implementation 333 for Safety for lifting operation:
- Use of green lifting raid by all rigger prior start of any normal lifting operation
- No person shall be on the load during lifting operation
- In case of critical lift mandatory supervision of Subcontractor
Safety, Doosan Construction Manager, and Doosan EHS representative
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any modifications to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new equipment, or the involvement of new personnel, will prompt a new risk assessment This assessment will ensure that appropriate control measures are implemented to align with the updated operations.
Health ]- Uncontrolled access- Unauthorized operator- Oil spill/leakage
[ ES&H ]- Exposure of unauthorized person to site- Equipment operation by unauthorized operators- Soil contamination
To ensure a safe and secure environment, it is essential to restrict unauthorized access to the site Operators must have their identities clearly displayed on the equipment they operate Additionally, a thorough inspection of all equipment should be conducted prior to site entry Implementing secondary containment measures for all stationary equipment is also crucial to prevent potential environmental hazards.
- Falling of materials and objects
- Clear and safe access and egress
- Effective material storage in segregated areas
- Regular monitoring of work areas
- Unwanted materials remove from site immediately
- Sharply or acutely exposed material must be covered
- Material must stock invidually and tidily as per type and length Small pierces must be stock in pack or box
- Material temporary stock at site must kept far from the edge to prevent falling Distance at least 1.5 m Shortly and tidily is in need
Control measures will be regularly reviewed and monitored to assess their suitability and improvements made if required
Any modifications to working conditions or operations, such as changes in sequencing, the introduction of new plant or equipment, or the involvement of new workers, will necessitate a new risk assessment Subsequently, appropriate control measures will be implemented to align with the updated operations.
- Social conflicts in shape of community complaints
- Effective waste management (waste bins provided around site and skips segregated, with waste disposed of by an approved licensed contractor)
- Monitoring of waste collection contractor and ensuring the dumping in licensed area
4- Installing formwork, form frame, rebar work
Asphyxiation- Entrapment- Explosion- Poor illumination
[ Safety ]- Fatality- Serious personal injury