Tiếng anh chuyên ngành thể thao (tập 1) phần 1

Chủ biên: TS Trần Quang Hải ThS Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Nga - ThS Đoàn Minh Hữu TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH THE THAO Tập Volume NHÀ XUẤT BẢN THÔNG TIN VẢ TRUYỀN THÔNG Mã số: GD18ĐM13 LỜI N H À XUẤT BẢN Trong nghiệp cơng nghiệp hóa - đại hóa đâ't nước ta, với thời đại bùng nơ thơng tin bối cánh tồn cầu, ngoại n g ữ m đ ặt biệt tiếng Anh có vai trị vị trí vơ quan trọng p h át triến đất nước Hiếu biết sử d ụ n g thơng thạo tiếng A nh chìa khóa thành cơng học tập cơng việc, ngồi cịn giúp tiếp cận thông tin tri thức nhàn loại, hiểu biết ngang tầm thời đại H iện nay, công tác T hế dục Thế thao nhặn quan tâm sâu sắc cúa Đàng, N hà nước toàn th ể xã hội Ngoài việc tụ phát huy nội lực, ngành Thê dục Thê thao Việt N am cịn mờ rộng giao lưu q'c tế Việc trao đôi thông tin, cử cán bộ, H uârt luyện viên, Vận động viên đào tạo nước ngoài, mời chuyên gia nước trực tiếp h uấn luyện nước đẩy m ạnh xúc tiên n gày m rộng Thấy tầm quan trụng việc nâng cao trình độ tiêng A nh chuyên ngành cho huân luyện viên, vận động viên; phóng viên, biên tập viên thê thao; Ca quan Q uàn lý Nhà nước, doanh nghiệp; trường Cao đẳng, Đại học hoạt dộng lĩnh vực thê dục thê thao tồn q'c; N hà xuất bàn Thông tin Truyền thông phối hợp với trường Đại học T hể dục th ể thao Đà N ằng xuât bàn sách "English fo r Sports", bao gồm Ờ2 tập: tập tập Nội d u n g tập gốm 02 phần, phần có 07 Units, cụ thê’n h sau: Part I: K inds of Sports vvithout a ball Unit 1: Cymnnstics Unit 2: Athletics/Track and Ficld Unit 3: Badminton Unit 4: Sivimming Unii 5: Chess Unit 6: Recreational Sporting Unit 7: Martial Arts Part II: Kinds of Sports with a ball Uìiit 1: Tennis Unit 2: Table - Tennis Unit 3: Handball Unit 4: Soccer/Football Unit 5: Basketball Unit 6: Volleyball Unit 7: Golf Với trang bị kiến thức sách này, bạn đọc yêu th ế thao tụ ttúr nước ngoài, làm việc giao lưu bạn bè quốc tế; theo dõi, bìimh luận kênh thê thao tuyền hình; hữ u ích cho q uan nhà nưữ p háp hình ithức thảo luận nhóm nhiều tranh m inh họa siimh động nhằm giúp người học liên kết hình ảnh với từ, ngữ, nghĩa, thuật n g rữ chuyên ngành tình hng giao tiếp, đồng thời gây hứng thú học tập chho người học Trong ph ần nghiên cứu từ (W ord study), câu tạo lại cách th n h lậipi ttù thông qua tiền tố hậu tố, nhằm giúp người học xác định đ ợ c tù loạii (cvủa tù tiếng A nh, tự độ có thê’ dễ dàng thành lập câu Hy vọng rằng, đời giáo trình tiếng A nh chuyên n g ành tTCOTìng th ế thao bước hướng, nhằm đóng góp thiết thực cho p h át 'trriiiến tiếng A nh chuyên ngành cung cấp cho người dạy người học n h ĩữ n n g kiến thức thật h ữ u ích bối cảnh ngành Thê’ dục thê’ thao Việt INJaam phát triển m ạnh Chúc tẩt nghiệp bạn đọc thành công với giáo trình này/! -Ị TABLE OF CONTENTS MỤC LỤC ILỜi ná đ ầ u ữnstruttions in textbook IPart L KINDS OF SPORTS WITHOUT A BALL 13 Ihií 1: Gymnastics 14 I Pre-reading task 14 II Reading text 14 III Nevv Words and Expressions 17 IV Reading comprehension 18 V Vocabulary 19 VI Word study: Compound Adjectives .20 VII Grammar focus: Tag-question 22 VIII Further exercises 27 IX Further reading .27 X Post-reading task 29 Viit 2: Athletics/Track and Field 30 I Pre-reading task 30 II Reading text .30 III New Words and Expressions 33 IV Reading comprehension 35 V Vocabulary 36 VI Word studv: Compound noun (Adj + N, V + V, Pre + N ) 37 VII Grammar focus: Comparatives of Adjectives 39 VIII Further exercises 44 IX Further reading .45 X Post-reading task .46 ưiit 3: Badminton .47 I Pre-reading task 47 II Reading text III New Words and Expressions IV Reading comprehensipn V Vocabulary .5 VI Word study: Compound Adjectives VII Grammar focus: Superlatives of Adjectives 5 VIII Further exercises 5'9 IX Further reading 6>0> X Post-reading task 6)1 Unit 4: SyvimminỊỊ .6)2 I Pre-reading task 6)2: II Reading text 6)2; III New Words and Expressions .6S5) , IV Reading comprehension 6577 ì V Vocabulary 677 VI Word study: Prefixes (super- /under- /over- / sub-/ sur-/ dis-/ + N ) .(699 ) VII Grammar focus: Equal Comparisons 7700 J VIII Further exercises 7722 IX Further reading 7744 X Post-reading ta sk 7755 Vnit 5: Chess 77(6 I Pre-reading task '7(6'6 II Reading text '7f6'6 III New Words and Expressions Í8C0Ỉ0 IV Reading comprehension Í8Ỉ1S1 V Vocabulary Í83232 VI Word study: Cardinal and Ordinal numbers '8^484 VII Grammar focus: Modal verbs 81787 VIII Further exercise '9-M94 IX Further reading '9)595 X Post-reading task 99696 Unit 6: Recreational Sporling 997 97 I Pre-reading task 997 97 II Reading text 97 III Nevv Words and Expressions 98 IV Reading comprehension 99 V Vocabulary 101 VI Word study: Suffixes: -ous/-ive 103 VII Grammar íịcus: Adverb Clause o fT im e 103 VIII Further exercises 108 IX Purther reading 108 X Post-reading ta s k 109 ưnit 7: Martial A rts 110 I Pre-reading task 110 II Reading text 110 III New Words and Expressions 111 IV Reading comprehension 113 V Vocabulary 114 VI Word study: Suíĩixes: -less/-ful 116 VII Grammar focus: Gerund after preposition 117 VIII Further exercises 121 IX Further reading 122 X Post-reading task 123 Review in Part 124 Part II: KINDS OF SPORTS WITH A BALL 129 Unỉt 1: T ennis .130 I Pre-reading task 130 II Reading text 130 III New Words and Expressions 132 IV Reading comprehension 134 V Vocabulary 134 VI Word study: Preíixes: out/under-/ over- /dis- /mis- /re- / en-/+ V .135 VII Grammar íịcus: Passive voice: The Present Simple and The Present Continuous Tenses 138 VIII Further exercises 143 IX Further reading 144 114 Giáo trình Tiếng Anh Thể thao Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) a The Martial Arts are concemed with preparing men for battle b Aikido, Hapkido, Jiu-Jitsu, Judo, Karate, Kung-Fu and Taekwondo are some forms of Martial Arts c Many of the techniques in Martial Arts have developed from Jiu-Jitsu d Each modem form o f martial arts requires the same combination o f skills e In Karate, dNTiamic, precise, and direct movements are emphasized f In Aikido, people utilize softer, faster, and more continuous movements g People choose to study martial arts just to enjoy the artistic expression of the sport h Martial Arts are contact sports, so injuries often happen i In a comparison of injuries per 100,000 participants, Martial Axts came top o f the list j According to a comparison o f irýuries among sports, dancing had a higher irýury rate than martial arts V VOCABULARY Fill in each blank with a word/phrase provided in the box martial arts movements physical íitness forms self-defense self-esteem martialrequires strength a Martial Arts are cultivated f o r and even spiritual improvement b competitions have become sporting events, where One puts one's body and sometimes even one's life on the line c In modem Chinese the term for Martial Arts, “Wushu”, implies demonstrations o f .often closer to dance or gymnastics than íighting d Today many Asian styles o f are practised in the West, including Thai boxing, Chinese Taijiquan, Burmese Bando, and even several rare arts from India, such as Binot e A group of Asian skills combining mental, physical, and spiritual energies for in vveaponless fighting Part 1: Kinds ofSports ỈViíhout A Ball 115 f Martial arts are practiced for a variety o f reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and , as well as mental, physical and spiritual development g Through systematic practice in the martial arts a person's physical fitness may be boosted ( , stamina, ílexibility, movement coordination, etc.) h Beyond contributing to physical fitness, martial arts training also has beneíits for mental health, contributing to , self-control, emotional and spiritual well-being i j As in war, success in sp o rts strategy and tactics Martial Arts is a broad term that covers a variety o f schools a n d whose unity derives only from their origins in the arts o f war and single combat Match forms of Martial Arts to their appropriate dcscriptions Judo (meaning "gentle way") Jujutsu Karate Kendo (meaning "Way o fT he Svvord”) Taekwondo a is a modem martial art, combat sport and Olympic sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground b is a modem Japanese martial art of sword-fighting based on ửaditional svvordsmanship (kenjutsu) which originated with the samurai class o f feudal Japan c is a Japanese martial art and a method o f close combat for defeating an armed and armored opponent in vvhich one uses no vveapon, or only a short weapon d is outside o f competition, a complete unarmed combat-system including all forms o f impact-techniques períbrmed with any suitable part o f the body, o f vvhich the íĩsts, knees, elbows, head, palms, and heels are only a few examples e is a Korean martial art and the national sport o f South Korea In Korean, tae means “to strike or break with foot”; kvvon means “to strike or break wiứi fist”; and means “vvay”, “method”, or “path” Thus, taekwondo may be loosely translated as “the way o f the hand and the foot” The name taekvvondo is also vvritten as Taekwon-do, Tae kwon-do, or tae kwon by various organizations, based on historical, philosophical, or political reasons 116 Giáo trình Tiếng Anh Thê thao VI VVORD STUDY: SUFFIXES -LESS AND -FUL The suffix -less which is added to a noun to form an adjective, means without or not having something Here are examples: • The number of English vvords to learn is endless (wilhoul end) • An odourless gas is a gas without odour • The suffix -ful can be added to the end of something “is full o f something" some words.It means th Here is an example: • Roses are beautiíul ílovvers (full of beauty) • When you add these suffixes to a word, the new word becomes an adjective An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun It usually comes bịre a noun or after the verb “to be” EXERCISES Exercise 1: Add the suỉĩĩx -less or -ful to each word Sometimes both suffixes can be added to a vvord care speech help rest beauty wonder odour sleep end help tree success hope use thought child harm vvorth Exercise 2: Choose the best word in Exercise to complete each sentence Babies can’t take care of ửiemselves Someone must help them because they are The people of Puerto Rico are usually to tourists Mr and Mrs Jones have been married for ten years They have no childrcn They’re a couple Part I: Kinds o f Sports Without A Ball 117 Tom found an old coin He thought it was gold, but it wasn’t In fact, it had no value It vvas She was so surprised that she was unable to speak She was with surprise You must take your time and be careíul when you write If you try to hurry, you vvill m ak e mistakes Michael was sich last night so he couldn’t sleep Today in class he vvas very tired after such a night Hc i s about leaving the door unlocked when he goes to bed Helen said something that hurt my feeiings I know she didn’t want to hurt my feelings She made a mistake 10 These snakes will not cause you any serious harm even if they bite you They are VII GRAMMAR FOCUS: THE GERUND The Gerund (-ing forms) after preposition When we put a verb after a preposition, we normally use an -ing form, not an iníinitive Examples: • I am fond o f watching movies (Not: I am fond o f to watch movies) • John was aưested fo r stealing a policeman’s helmet (Not: for to steal) • Can you talk without opening your mouth? {Not: without to open ) • We look forward to hearing from you (Not: to hear ) Note: “to " is used as a preposition “To" can be an iníinitive marker (e.x to work, to laugh) It can also be a preposition When to is a preposition, it is followed by eíther a noun or the -ing form o f a verb, but not normally by ửie iníĩnitive Common expressions in vvhich ửiis happens are look forw ard to, object to, used to, prefer to, in addition to Compare: • I look íbrvvard to his next visit (look íbrvvard to + noun) • I look forward to hearing from you (look forward to + V-ing) • I prefer the country to the city (prefer + noun + to + noun) Giáo trình Tiếng Anh Thê Ihao 118 • I prer swimming to vvalking (prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing) • I am used to waiting for buses (to be used to + V-ing) We use -ing form o f the verbs after prepositions in the following cases: Verb + Preposition + V-ing Many verbs can be used in the pattem: Verb + preposition + -ing For example, the verbs succeed + in and look forw ard + to are used in this way: (1) The lecturer succeeded in getting the audience's attention verb -ing (2) Mary said she's looking forw ard to seeing you next vveekend verb -ing Here are some of the most common verbs and their associated prepositions that are also used in this way: Verbs used in the pattem : verb + preposition + -ingform insist on think of talk about agree on apologise for believe in dream of7about participate in approve of feel like work on Decide on/ against depend on get on with pay for Phrasal Verbs + V-ing A phrasal verb consists o f a verb and a preposition which together have its own meaning Example: cut dow n = to reduce the amount o f something The following phrasal verbs + gerund are in bold • Julia carried on talking even though no one was listening (Phrasal verb: carried on) • Jack keeps on scratching his head and vve \vonder why (Phrasal verb: keeps on) Part I: Kinds o f Sports ÌVithout A Baỉl • 119 Jill gave up smoking last year (Phrasal verb: gave up) Verb + Object + Prepositỉon + V-ing Here are some verbs plus an object plus a preposition followed by a gerund: • to ve diữiculty in + V-ing • to take advantage o f + V-ing • to have a good reason for + V-ing • to prevent someone from + V-ing • to keep someone from + V-ing • to stop someone from + V-ing • to thank someone for + V-ing • to blame someone for + V-ing • to accuse someone o f + V-ing • to charge someone with + V-ing • to íine someone for + V -ing To Be + Adjective + Preposition + V-ing Here are some combinations of ứie verb “to be” plus an adjective plus a preposition followed by a gerund: • to be accustomed to + V-ing • to be interested in + V-ing • to be excited about + V-ing • to be capable o f + V-ing • to be responsible for + V-ing • to be used to + V-ing • to be tired o f + V-ing • to be bored vvith + V-ing • to be good for + V-ing • to be good at + V-ing 120 Giảo trình Tiếng Anh Thể thao • to be bad at + V-ing • to be guilty o f + V-ing s To be + Noun + Preposition + V-ing Here are some combinations o f the verb "to be" plus an object plus a preposition followed by a gerund: • to be a victim o f + V-ing • to be an advocate o f + V-ing • to be a believer in + V-ing • to be a supporter o f + V-ing • to be a critic o f + V-ing EXERCISES Exercise 1: Choose the correct preposition Keith is good for/at/about speaking English Julie complains of/for/about losing her books Stephen and Mark are aíraid at/for/of ílying Margaret doesn't feel foi71ike/in doing her English homework They are looking forward on/for/to going to France Anne dreams for/of/in living in the countryside Dale said he was sorry at/for/of being late He thinks of/on/up playing badminton after work Sarah insists on/of/to going out vvith Wendy 10 Do you agree atAvith/in staying on strike? Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1've always dreamt o f (live) in London They talked ab o u t (move) to New Zealand don't feel lik e (go) there tonight 1'm thinking o f (buy) a house in Hanoi We decided against (move) to New Zealand The President doesn't approve o f (drink), that's why they removed the staíĩbar P artl: Kinds ofSports Without A Ball 121 If you participate i n (do) anything, try to it well am working o n (improve) my spelling We depend o n (do) most o f our business at Christmas 10 Stop talking and get on w ith (do) this exercise Exercise 3: Choose the correct phrase to complete each sentence o f passing his exam o f having a mobile phone o f inviting people I don't like at leaming languages playing very well having to queue for being late at work of sitting at home all What are the advantages .? ve no in ten tio n My sister is good Mike has no chance Did she get into trouble ? My parents oíiten go to the cinema instead They got into the museum vvithout Our team lost the match despite VIII FURTHER EXERCISES VVrite the names o f Martial arts íorms from the following pictures M ^ Ạ com 5*50319 R the time Giáo trình Tiếng Anh Thể thao 122 Translate into Vietnamese Some Martial Arts are considered “traditional” and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modem systems developed either by a íịunder or an association Translate into English Karate từ tiếng Nhật có nghĩa “tay khơng” Karate mơn võ thuật khơng địi hỏi loại vũ khí khác mà chi sử dụng phận thể IX FURTHER READING Vietnamese Martial Arts Vietnamese Martial Arts are iníluenced by efforts to defend the country from fo-ign occupations (China, France, and Japan) and also by the people whom Vietnam conquered (Champa) The most iníluential in the country's martial arts is China with its thousand-year I occupation of Vietnam But through thousands of years o f intemal, civil strife: dynastic changes I (dynasties), foreign conquests, warlordism and Ị guerrilla tactics, the Vietnamese martial artist use what they leamed from their neighbors and evolved a unique form of martial arts The martial arts were used by Vietnamese kings to train their troops and to deíend the country against China’s invasions against Vietnam In addition to the army, family clans and Buddhist temples cultivated a variety of styles to defend themselves in national disputes Short History of Vietnamese Martial Arts Due to the wide range of inAuences there is no deíinable point in time where Vietnamese martial arts started to live Vietnam, as a distinct entity has officially existed since apx 200 8 ’ though first human settlement can even be traced back to 2876 H i’ Despite the problematic relationship with the Chinese, the Vietnamese adopted a lot of the Chinese culture and philosophy Even officials not only had to be able to use the brush but also the sword There was an academy of Martial Arts in the Capital, Thang Long, today's Hanoi, since the llth century (Ly Dynasty (10101225), Tran Dynasty (1225-1400)) Part I: Kinds o f Sports Without A Ball 123 When talking about Vietnamese Martial Art people started to use “Vo Thuat” (Martial Art) While Vietnam was separated in several states many martial arts were created During the Tay Son Rebellion (1771-1788) quite a few o f them arose Binh Dinh Province, vvhere the rebels were based, is still a place o f many martial arts During ứie time Vietnam had to suffer the French colonialisation, traditional Martial Arts were forbidden - but kept developing secretly In 1938, Nguyen Loc introduced his martial arts to schools where he taught “Vo Thuat” mainly to Vietnamese youth vvith the intent to develop stronger national identity with the ultimate goal of achieving independence from French domination He named his style Vovinam, or Martial Arts of Vietnam In 1960, Master Nguyen Loc died, passing leadership to Master Le Sang In 1964, Vovinam organized its íirst council o f masters and íormally adopted Việt Võ Đạo into its name as Vovinam - Việt Võ Đạo X POST - READING TASK Write a paragraph about one o f the íịrms o f Martial Arts you like best REVIEVV IN PART I Language Summary 1 Fill in the gaps in these sport events in Gymnastics with the vowels a, e, i, 0, u A st_ll r_ngs B h^gh b_r D _n_v_n b_rs E p_mm_l h_rs_ c fl ,r_x_rc_s_ F b_l_nc_ b m Complete the following table with tvvo-syllable adjectives that follow two rulcs These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and vvith more and the most Two-Syllable Adjective clever clever gentle gentle ữiendly âỉendly quiet quiet simple simple Comparative Form Superlative Form Part I: Kinds o f Sports ỈVithout A Ball 125 III WRITE THE NAME OF EVENTS IN EACH PICTURE ■ ' ( 1) (4) (2 ) (3) (5) (6) IV FIND OUT AND UNDERLINE SOME PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS THAT YOU STUDIED IN PART I undersecretary submarine disadvantage underarm disbud overcoat superhuman overcast subsoil overconíĩdent overburdened oveijoyed dismount disbar superego superintend surpass undercarriage helpless courteous fibrous repulsive groundless helpíul penniless expensive íearless thankíùll cheeríul attractive homeless V CIRCLE THE BEST ANSWER A variety o f running events are held on the track and these fall into three broad distance types: sprints, middle-distance, a n d track events a far-distance b long-distance c nearly-distance c short-distance Giáo trình Tiếng Anh Thể thao 126 The íĩeld events come in two types - jumping and throvving competitions In throwing events, athletes are measured by how far they hurl an implement, vvith the most common events being ứ ie , discus, javelin, a n d a shot put/hammer throw b shot throvv/hammer throw c shot put/hammer put d throw shot/put hammer There are four common ưack and field jumping events: the and are contests measuring the distance an athlete can jump, vvhile ứie high jump and pole vault are decided on the height achieved a far jump/three jump b long jump/three jump c long jump/triple jump d farjump/triple jump must be completed entirely in the style, in which the svvimmer brings his or her arms near fiill extension and releases at the vvaist a Flystyle b Flystroke c Flyswim d Butteríly Competitors must swim in the .vvhich is similar to the front crawl, except on the back Kicking is done by altemating both feet continuously The arms pull One at a time in a vvindmill motion on the side o f the body a backstyle b backstroke c backswim d swim back Competitors must swim in the where the swimmer kicks legs out (much like a frog) The hands meanwhile scoop the water in towards the chest and are then thrust forward in front of the body just before the kick is repeated a breaststyle b swim breast c breastsvrán d breaststroke Competitors must swim in th e The front crawl is where the swimmer breathes to the side with typically one ear staying in the water, kicks by altemating both legs, and pulls with each arm moving in an altemating fashion a íreestyle b swim frees c free stroke d free swim are a common piece o f gymnastics equipment ửiat builds coordination, strength, accuracy, agility and balance a Parallel bars b Double bars c Bars double d Bars parallel Part I: Kinds o f Sports Without A Ball 127 The or asymmetric bars are an artistic gymnastics apparatus It is used only by female gymnasts a bars uneven b unparallel bars c uneven bars d bars unparallel 10 The high bar, also known as the , is an apparatus used by male gymnasts in Artistic Gymnastics a single bar b horizontal bar c bar single d bar horizontal 11 T h e is primarily a strength event, but the technique used to generate the efficient and powerfủl movement of the athlete in the throwing cừcle will usually determine success a put shot b shot put c shot throvv d throvv shot 12 Shot put is a tough sport, because if you don't play this particular sport, you're obviously going to be unaccustomed with ứie exact motion for putting Ilcnce, it is essential that you leam exactly how t o a put the shot b throvv the shot c shot throw VI d shot put UNDERLINE ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME When you have finished your work, you may go home The Doctor alvvays comes vvhenever he is sent for Do not talk while she is singing When I command thĩs ship, there will be good discipline They were corrưnanded to wait till the signal vvas give After the law was passed, this type of crime ceased As soon as he heard the news he vvrote to me Beíore you go, bring me some water ve not been well, since I retumed from New York 10 There was silence as the leader spoke