English for civil engineering = tiếng anh chuyên ngành công trình

Hoang Thi Minh Phue, Ph.D (Chief) Vo Hong Ha, M.A Pham Thi Bich Hanh, M.A > Bui Thi Thanh Van, M.A TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH CƠNG TRÌNH ENGLISH FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING Ï“THƯỡNG ĐẠI HỌC GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI PHẪN HIỆU TẠI THÀNH PHO HO CHI MINH THU VIEN _ GOt 17465 NHA XUAT BAN GIAO THONG _ HÀ NỘI- 2017 VAN TAI | LỜI NĨI ĐẦU | Giáo Engineering) trình Tiếng Anh thiết kế Chuyên dành cho ngành sinh Cơng trình viên Khoa (English Cơng for Civil trình Trường ĐHGTVT Giáo trình xây dựng theo đường hướng giao tiếp phát triển kỹ ngơn ngữ NGHE, NĨI, ĐỌC, VIẾT sở khai thác sử dụng tài liệu chuyên ngành gốc Tiếng Anh Ngoài việc cung cấp thuật ngữ thường dùng lĩnh vực xây dựng cơng trình giao thơng, học phần củng cố nâng cao số kiến thức ngữ pháp bản, đồng thời xây dựng, thực hành phát triển kỹ ngôn ngữ nhằm trang bị cho người học kỹ tiếng Anh cần thiết công việc sau Với đơn vị học trình, ngồi phần Lời nói đầu, Phụ lục, Tài liệu tham khảo Mục lục, giáo trình bao gồm đơn vị học (Units) Chủ đề vấn đề chuyên ngành phơ biến xây dựng cơng trình bao gồm: Unit Surveying (Khao sat) ˆ Unit Construction Materials (Vật liệu xây dựng) Unit Bridges (Cầu) Unit Highways (Đường) Unit Railways (Dudéng sat) Unit Tunnels (Ham) Cấu trúc bao gồm phần: Lead in: Dẫn dắt người học vào chủ đề học khiến người học quan tâm hứng thú với nội dung học Vocabulary: Tập trung vào giải nghĩa từ vựng thực hành sử dụng từ vựng Các thuật ngữ chủ đề với học lấy từ học Reading: Bai doc duge thiết kế nhằm xây đựng, thực hành phát triển kỹ đọc hiểu với đạng tập đa dạng trả lời câu hỏi mở, trả lời câu hỏi trắc nghiệm, xác định thơng tin hay sai (T/F) hay hồn thành câu Language use: Củng cố thực hành số tượng ngữ pháp quan trọng thường dùng văn khoa học kỹ thuật dựa ngữ liệu chuyên ngành Listening and Speaking: Xây dựng, thực hành phát triển kỹ nghe VỚI Các dạng tập như: điền từ vào chỗ trống, trả lời câu hỏi, trắc nghiệm, hay sai (T/F) TACT * Trong bài, người học nghe đoạn hội thoại, xem Video Clip có nội dung phù hợp với chủ đề nhằm luyện kỹ nghe, làm tập gắn liền với đoạn video, sau sử dụng vốn từ vựng - thuật ngữ học dé thực hành nói cảnh ngơn ngữ Writing: định : Hướng dẫn người học thực hành viết loại văn phổ biến công việc email, memo, report, request, CV va letter Review quesfions: Các câu hỏi găn liên với chủ đê thiết kề nhắm giúp sinh viên củng cố từ vựng chuyên ngành, phát triển kỹ trình bày vấn đề chuyên môn tiếng Anh, đồng thời bước chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi vấn đáp vào cuối học kỳ Glossary: Các thuật ngữ chuyên ngành thông dụng với thông tin quan trọng giải nghĩa (deñnition), từ loại, nghĩa tiếng Việt thống kê theo theo trình tự ABC trợ giúp thuận lợi thiết thực cho người học Ngồi ra, giáo trình cịn có hai kiểm tra định kỳ Progress Check Progress Check duge bé tri vao gitta ky (sau bai 3) va cuối kỳ (sau 6) giúp đánh giá tiến độ định hướng thi cho sinh viên Trong trình biên soạn giáo trình, nhóm tác giả phân cơng nhiệm vu cu thể sau: TS Hoàng Thị Minh Phúc, chủ biên, biên soạn Unit + Unit ThS Võ Hồng Hà, đồng tác giả, biên soạn Unit + Unit ThS Pham Thi Bich Hanh, đồng tác giả, biên soạn Unit + Unit ThS Bùi Thị Thanh Vân, đồng tác giả, biên soan Glossary + Progress check Trong thời gian qua, tác giả nỗ lực việc biên soạn giáo trình nhằm đáp ứng tốt nhu cầu người học, không thẻ tránh khỏi hạn chế định Nhóm tác giả mong nhận nhận xét ý kiến đóng góp từ giảng viên sinh viên để hồn thiện giáo trình _ Hà Nội tháng năm 2017 Nhóm fc giả 4* TACT Unit SURVEYING LEAD-IN: Discuss these questions What is surveying? What is the role of surveying in civil engineering? What needs to be done before designing any project? Why? | What is the man in the picture doing? What equipment is he using? 4, What devices are needed in surveying? What measurements can surveying provide? - - VOCABULARY 1a Match a word with a picture - stadia hairs ~ - tripod _plane-table alidade " plumb bob bench mark _ ` — transit and rod surveyor’s level contour lines triangulation ‘TACT * TELESCOPE as Hà š8 28 Eg Es £4, Eg 32 Pa £9 39Ễ EB #7 igi #5; aA E—S< wennea cass nan — aneaee WOOLE CHOLES WLR ˆ Bennie: Ẳo LOWER STAD A.CPOš36TTLE A & an sTrii I |}/H |D |B opposite of VERTICAL E N SỐ * TACT space between two things, lines, points sa the height to which something is elevated or to which it rises M T a measured dimension This involves determining the composition of 3l 7777 77 7õ the soil and rock that underlie the surface at the construction site This |T ——N involves triangles that measuring are based a on network points on of the earth’s surface the |S _ - § |;C It * force of attraction by which terrestrial bodies tend to fall toward the center of the earth E the act of curving or the state of being curved L a device oO used for determining or adjusting something to a horizontal surface 10B supplies or tools needed for a special purpose 1c Complete the sentences with the words from the box tripod vertical plane plane surveying location transit plumb bobs horizontal plane geodetic survey measuring breaking chain Surveying means and recording - by means of maps ~ the earth’s surface with the greatest degree of accuracy possible Some engineering projects - highways, dams or tunnels, for example - may require extensive surveying in order to determine the best and the most economical ‘or route There are two kinds of surveying: plane and geodetic is the measurement of the earth surface as though it were plane (or flat) surface without curvature , For larger areas a must be made , which takes into account the curvature of the earth, TACT #7 Some of these measurements will be in a that is perpendicular to the force of gravity When something is in a , it is in line with the direction of gravity They generally level the tape by means of attached to a line that give the direction of gravity , which are lead weights '8 When especially accurate results are required, other means of support, such as a - a stand with three legs — can be used The has plates that can indicate both vertical and horizontal angles, as well as leveling devices that keep it in a horizontal plane 10 When distances are being measured on.a slope a procedure called is followed This means that measurements are taken with less than full length of the tape 1d Match an expression on the left with a statement on the right horizontal plane vertical plane A B plane surveying geodetic survey transit C a tube of fluid with a bubble of air that is used by surveyors and carpenters to determine a horizontal level horizontal and permit focusing vertical lines within a telescope that | lines parallel to the horizontal cross hair in a telescope that are used to measure distances |D_ in line with the direction of gravity E_ apoint whose elevation has been determined so it can be cross hairs F measuring the earth’s surface as a flat plane ¬ stadia hairs contour lines bubble level 10 bench mark * TACT used as a basis for other measurements measuring the earth’s surface to take into account curvature - | H_ its perpendicular to gravity I lines on maps that enclose areas of equal elevations J atelescopic device to measure distances and horizontal and vertical angles SURVEYING READING survey, which takes into account the curvature of the earth, must be made The measurement different kinds of in a ‘survey include distances, elevations (height of features within the area), boundaries (both man-made and natural), and other physical characteristics of the site Some of these measurements will Before any civil be in horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the-force of gravity Others will be in a vertical plane, in line with the direction of gravity The measurement of angles in either the engineering surveying projects can be designed, a survey of the site must be made Surveying means measuring and recording -~by means of maps - the horizontal or vertical plane is an important aspect of surveying in order to determine precise boundaries or earth’s surface with the greatest degree of accuracy possible There are two kinds of surveying: plane and geodetic Plane surveying is the measurement of the earth surface as though it were plane (or flat) surface without curvature Within square kilometres areas - meaning of about a square, precise elevations - Angles are measured in degree of arc A special telescopic instrument that gives more accurate readings of an angle than the transit, is called a theodolite 20 Vertical axis the Horizontal axis Objective H Sight axis Vertical circle Horizontal circle earth curvature does not produce any significant errors in a plane survey For larger areas, however, a geodetic \— The axes and circles of a theodolite TACT *9 | In addition to cross hairs, transits and theodolites have markings called stadia hairs VERTICAL CROSS HAA UPPSR BTADCA HAR MIDOLS CROSS HAR LOWER STAOV HAA A CACSS STTLE 5TU8 BTYLE The stadia hairs are parallel to the horizontal cross hairs The transitman sights a rod, which is a rule with plate that can be kept parallel to the line of the sight The surveyor can The stadia hairs are fixed to represent that serves as a drawing board When spaces marked a distance that at regular is usually intervals a hundred times each of the marks on the rod mark his readings of distances and elevations on a plane (or flat) table the marks representing equal elevations are connected, the surveyor has made a contour map Sumeyor's, Level; DanGer Stadia marks on a crosshair while viewing a metric levelling rod Stadia surveys are particularly useful in determining contour lines, the lines on a map that enclose areas of equal elevation Contour maps can be made in the field by means of a plane-table alidade The alidade is a telescope with a vertical circle and stadia hairs It is mounted on a straight edged metal i 10 * TACT Heights, determined by or means elevations are of surveyor’s level, another kind of telescope with a bubble levelling device parallel to the telescope A bubble level, which is similar to a carpenter’s level, is a tube containing bubble in a fluid it When that the has an bubble air is centered in the middle of the tube, the device is level The surveyor sights a rule called a level rod through the telescope The rod is marked |l off to after averaging and white in spaces between the are alternately black order to increase previously measured called a bench mark the Nowadays instruments are the height of his or her instrument, is the vertical elevation popular and replacing old Heights are given in relation to other heights On maps, for example, With is modern surveying becoming more surveying instruments, ' line in A with a line in B to make a sentence B Surveying means Plane surveying Geodetic surveying The that they are gradually surveying instruments modern AL point survey work will be precise, faster and less tedious the usual procedure is to give the elevation above sea level Sea level, incidentally, can be determined only given carried out by level and rod often gives the elevation in relation to a visibility The number that the surveyor reads on the level rod, less 2a Match a in\a area over a definite period A survey | show units of measure in large, clear _ numbers The marks usually the tides different measurement kinds in a_ A in degree of arc B more accurate reading of angles than a transit C takes into account the curvature of the earth D is in line with the direction of gravity of survey include Horizontal plane Eis perpendicular to the force of gravity F of degree of accuracy possible - Angles are measured , A theodolite gives The stadia hairs are tixed 10 Contour maps can be made in| measures the earth surface as though it were plane (or flat) surface without curvature | H by means of a plane-table alidade I the field and recording by means ‘maps the earth’s surface with the greatest Vertical plane G measuring distances, elevations, boundaries and other physical characteristics of the site J “to represent a distance that is usually a | hundred times each of the marks on the rod TACT * 11 |- WORD parapet (n) DEFINITION | TRANSLATION a small wall located outside the deck that helps protect cars and pedestrians tường phòng hộ pavement (n) a road or walkway covering made of concrete, stone, blacktop, or other: material vỉa hè, hè đường perpendicular at an angle of 90° to đường (adj) a horizontal line or surface an artificial slope; a short road on % Ẻ ramp (n) which vehicles join or leave a main road : roundabout (n) a circular, indirect route over an ; : intersection part of a road on the edge where shoulder (n) vuông drivers may stop if they have an góc s6 Z ` déc, doan duong thoái thoái ; ` bung binh vai đườn lề đường emergency an opening on the side of a road storm drain (n) through which rainwater flows into the sewer surface (n) the entire flat top area of a road T -junction (n) is an intersection at which one road ends at a right angle to a second road công nước mưa, ông dân nước mưa mặt đường nut giao chit T a condition on road networks that traffic congestion (n) occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular tắc nghẽn ‘giao thông queuing Loy traffic circle ( ) circular area at an intersection that allows for the passage of vehicles from one road to another traffic volume the number of vehicles on road n (n) turn lane (n) lưu lượn A S giao thông a lane at a specific point in a street or lan danh cho xe highway which allows traffic to move chuẩn bị quay đầu into position for turning 142 * TACT bung binh giao ˆ ` théng, vong xoay : ^ giao thông WORD DEFINITION TRANSLATION a road or path that goes under underpass (n) something such as a busy road, allowing vehicles or people to go from đường chui, ham chui ngang đường ˆ one side to the other U-turn (n) is a maneuver in which a vehicle turns _ | to proceed in the opposite direction lôi quay đầu xe from its original course American English to allow other traffic yield (v) on a bigger road to go first [= give way British English] nhường đường TACT * 143 UNTIT WORD DEFINITION AC a flow of ele+ctricity that alternating currert (n) changes direction regularly and quickly TRANSLATION dong dién xoay chiéu battery (n) - an object that provides a supply of electricity for something such as a radio, car, or toy pin, ac quy boat (n) a vehicle that travels across water tau thuyén brittle (adj) hard but easily broken carriage (n) cast iron (n) ‘centripetal (adj) acceleration (n) coal (n) one of the parts of a train where passengers sit a type of iron that is hard, breaks easily, and is shaped in a mould giòn, dễ gãy, dễ vỡ toa hanh khach sat duc makes things move towards the centre of something when they are moving around it a process in which something happens more and more quickly a hard black mineral which is dug out of the ground and burnt to hướng tâm gia toc than da produce heat to change something into a different form of thing, or to change convert (v) something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way đôi, chuyên đôi American English a heavy piece of cross tie (n) ballast (n) 144 * TACT wood or concrete that supports a railway track [= sleeper British English] a layer of broken stones that a road or railway line is built on ta vet đá ba lát, đá dăm WORD DEFINITION TRANSLATION shoulder (n) American English an area of ground biên lề curve (1) a line that gradually bends like part of a circle đường cong diesel (n) beside a road , a type of heavy oil used instead of petrol in engines, especially in diezen trucks, buses, and trains direct current (n) edge (n) experiment (n) DC: a flow of electricity that moves in one direction only outside part; the part of an object that is furthest from its centre a scientific test done to find out how something reacts under certain conditions, or to find out if a dòng điện chiêu bờ, gờ, cạnh su thir nghiém particular idea is true | freight (n) goods that are carried by ship, train, or aircraft, and the system of moving | these goods the distance between the lines of a gauge (n) railway or between the wheels of a % train ize of rail track of les ones th narrow gauge (n) “onde, vi ih y track haul (v) to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement tan to arrange for something important initiate (v) to start, such as an official process or hàng hóa „ , ` khoảng cách đường ray, khô ray Ạ khô ray hep : kéo manh bắt đầu, khởi đầu a new plan i i combustion internal an engine that pro p power b y e duces engine (n) burning petrol, used in most cars isthmus (n) a narrow piece of land with water on both sides, that connects two larger đốt& động ˆ eo dat areas of land TACT * 145 WORD -: DEFINITION - TRANSLATION dau may toa xe locomotive (n) a railway engine mine (n) a deep hole or holes in the ground that people dig so that they can mobile (adj) able to move or travel easily passenger (n) someone who is travelling in a vehicle, plane, boat etc., but is not driving it or working on it plate (n) a flat piece of metal power (n) energy that can be used to make a : vi machine work or to make electricity mỏ remove coal, gold, tin etc powerful (adj) a eee di dong _ hành khách tâm, powerful machine, engine etc is very effective and can a lot lượng lớn, mạnh, côn us lớn suất the plural of radius; the distance ' radii (n pl) from th tre to the edge ofa 66606 0g Š circle, or a line drawn from the hous bán kính centre to the edge rail (n) one of the two long metal tracks fastened to the ground that trains ray move along British English a system of tracks railway (n) along which trains run, or a system mm y of trains [= railroad American English] ` cội đường sắt British English a part of the railway railway line system that connects two places[= railroad line American tuyến đường sắt English] Section (n) sleeper (n) one of the parts that something such as an object or place is divided into British English a heavy piece of | wood or concrete that supports a railway track [= tie American English] 146 * TACT phan, phận ta vet WORD DEFINITION to move smoothly over a surface while continuing to touch it, or to slide (v) TRANSLATION trượt, lướt qua make something move in this way steam engine (n) steel an engine that works by steam power động nước strong metal that can be shaped (n (n) xa ‘easily, consisting of iron and carbon thé