Ứng dụng và an an toàn sử dụng các vật liệu nano trong nông nghiệp

Tap chi Cong nghe Sink hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 BAI TONG QUAN tfiSG DUNG VA AN TOAN SU* DUNG CAC VAT LIEU NANO TRONG NONG NGHIEP Le Thi Thu Hien1’2’3 1Vien Nghien cuu he gen, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam 2Hoc vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam Nguoi chiu trach nhiem lien lac E-mail: hienlethu@igr.ac.vn Ngay nhan bai: 02.8.2018 Ngay nhan dang: 25.10.2018 TOM TAT Nghien cuu va phat trien cac vat lieu nano ung dung nhieu llnh vuc cua ddi song xa hoi, co che bien thuc pham, thuc an chan nuoi, y dupe, nong nghiep, bao ve moi truemg da dupe trien khai cong is nhieu quoc gia tren the gk'ri Trong san xuat nong nghiep, nhieu cong trinh cho thay tac dong dang k i cua cac vat lieu kich thich hat mam, tang kha nang sinh truemg va phat trien, thuc day tang nang suat cay Trong nganh chan nuoi va thuy san, cac vat lieu nano dupe nghien cuu va ung dung rong rai xu ly nude, cung cap cac chat dinh duong vi lupng Xu hudng cang tang su dung cac che pham nano vao san xuat nong nghiep dat yeu c lu danh gia an toan tren cac doi tupng thuc vat, dong vat va vi sinh vat Su ton tai va dac tinh cua hat nano kim loai moi truemg tu nhien cung nhu tac dong co the cua chung doi vdi cac sinh vat cang nhan dupe su quan tarn cua nhieu nhom nghien cuu tren the gidi C) Viet Nam, edng nghe nano da dupe nghien cuu va di vao ung dung rat nhieu llnh vuc cua ddi song vdi rat nhieu uu diem va lpi ich Tuy nhien, viec sir dung vat lieu nano san xuat nong nghiep nhi6u thach thuc Bai bao tong hop va phan tich cac nghien cuu lien quan den ung dung va tac dong cua cac vat lieu nano den cay trong, vat nuoi vavi sinh vat dat Nhung hieu biet ve su tuong tac cua hat nano dlt, tac dong den sinh vat va chuc nang cua chung he sinh thai la can thiet va quan trong, gop phdn nang cao gia tri sir dung cua cong nghe nano va giam thieu nhung rui ro co the gap phai qua trinh khai thac cac san pham Tir khoa: Cong nghe nano, dank gia an toan, hat nano kim loai, hoat tinh sinh hoc, nong nghiep, vat lieu nano MCI DAU Cong nghe nano la nganh khoa hoc va cong nghe tao va ting dung cac vat lieu co kich thude nho tir 1-100 nm va la su ket hap giira vat ly chat ran, hoa hoc, ky thuat hoa hoc, hoa sinh, sinh ly hoc va khoa hoc vat lieu Vdi kich thude nho hon 100 nm, cac vat lieu mdi hoat dong hoan toan khac so vdi cac vat lieu truyen thong Cac quy luat da timg biet bi thay doi hoan toan va bat dau nhudng cho cho cac quy tac cua ca hoc luang tu Vdi kich thude nano, vat lieu bieu hien nhieu dac tinh khac biet, vugt troi hon so vdi cac vat lieu truyen thong nhu: i) Mat dien tich va toe phan ung cao hon kich thude nho; ii) Hoat dong cua cac nguyen tu tren be mat cua cac hat manh hon ben cac hat dien tich be mat tang so vdi the tich; iii) Hat nano co nhieu dac tinh vugt troi nhu kha nang chiu nhiet cao, diem nong chay thap va tir tinh tinh da dang ty le giira be mat va the tich ldn; iv) Phan bo nguyen tu tren cac hat nano da dang, anh hudng den dong hoc toe truyen electron giua cac hat nano kim loai va vat lieu hap phu tuong ung su khac biet cac be mat tiep xuc cua cac hat nano khac nhau; v) Hat nano co hoat tinh xuc tac cao hon co cau true tu dien, cau true hinh khoi va hinh cau (Roduner, 2006; Adhikari et al., 2010) Cong nghe nano da khai thac nhung dac tinh dac biet cua vat lieu nano de thiet ke, chuyen doi va ung dung khoa hoc nhieu san pham Cong nghe mdi da hinh co so cho mot Huh vuc lien nganh rong ldn nghien cuu va trien khai d cac nganh cong nghiep, dang phat trien nhanh tren toan the gidi mot vai thap ky trd lai day va co nhieu hua hen lam nen mot cuoc Lc Thi Thu Hien each mang nganh nong nghiep d the ky 21 Viec ap dung cong nghe nano vao nong nghiep dupe dat lan diiu tien Chuorng trinh hanh dong cua Bo Nong nghiep Hoa Ky nam 2003 va da dupe du doan se la cong nghe then chot lam thay doi san xuat nong nghiep tucmg lai sire can thiet N'humg lri£a bi£l «e oo cbe tac dong tren mang y nghia rat qnaa Injwg H nen tang viec djnh hudng kha nang n g dang cac vat lieu nano de tang nang suit va chit k n a g noag san, gop phin cho su phat trien mot nen aong nghiep hen vung va hieu qua Cong nghe nano co tiem nang thuc day nhieu llnh vuc nhir nong nghiep, che bien thuc pham, lam nghiep, cac van de ve moi tradng, chat lupng nude, san xuat nang luong va su dung ben vung cac nguon tai nguyen Nhieu ung dung cua cong nghe nano da dupe cac nghien cuu va phat trien a quy mo cong nghiep Hang loat cac vat lieu da dupe su dung de tao cac hat nano (NP) nhu oxide kim loai, ceramic, silicate, vat lieu co tir tinh, cham lupng tu, lipid, polymer, dendrimer va nhu Prong Trong vat lieu polymer co the tham gia nhu chat mang va giai phong co dieu kien cac chat dinh duong, thi cac hat nano kim loai dupe ap dung phat trien cac cam bien, phan huy cac chat, lam sach dat, phan bon va cung cap dinh du&ng vi lupng Tuy nhien, de co the phat huy tac dung va mo rong ling dung cua cac vat lieu nano, can thiet phai cung dong thdi danh gia nguy co co the den moi tradng, den cac sinh vat dich va khong chu dich Boi vdi cac hat nano thuoc nhom carbon, qua trinh hap thu hat nano bdi cay phu thuoc vao kha nang phan tan cua chung moi trudng dat, cac vat lieu huu co tu nhien (NOM) vdi tinh ky nude de dang tuong tac vdi cac NP ky nude dan den hinh mot qua trinh can bang dong giu NPNOM Lin et al (2009b) da nghien cuu qua trinh hap thu, van chuyen va tich luy cua cac hat nano cacbon dang fulleren C70 va dang ong cacbon da tudng (MWCNT) cay lua Ket qua cho thay cac hat C70 dudi dang tap hop mau den dupe tap trung phan re nhieu hon so vdi than va la cua cay lua sau mam Su hien dien cua to hop NOMC70 la lua dupe cac tac gia du doan rang chung da dupe van chuyen theo cac kenh dan nude va dinh dudng tu re len Trong d cay trudng C70 chu yeu dupe tap trung tai phan la va he thdng dan than cay, va hau nhu khong co mat re Ket qua cho thay qua trinh van chuyen NP tu re len cac phan khac cua cay lua Su van chuyen cua C70 cay lua dupe xem la dupe thuc hien dudi tac dung cua luc tham thau Ngupc lai, doi vdi to hop NOM-MWCNT thi qua trinh hap thu dien khong dang ke Chen et al (2010) cho tMy to hop C70-NOM ky nude da bao vay cac mao quan tren te bao cay, cac hat nano fullerol C6o(O H )2o co tinh ua nude nen de dang di qua te bao cua cay hanh tay Allium cepa va tap trung d khoang giua te bao va mang plasma Trong bai bao nay, cac nghien cuu lien quan den ung dung va tac dong cua cac vat lieu nano den sinh trudng va phat trien cua cay trong, sue khoe vat nuoi va vi sinh vat dat dupe tim hieu va phan tich Thong tin gop phan khai thac va sir dung hieu qua cac san pham moi co gia tri nganh nong nghiep NGHIEN CLTU TAC BC)NG CUA CAC VAT LIEU NANO BEN SINH TRUING VA PHAt TRI&N CUA c Ay TRONG Nghien cuu ve co che tac dong cua cac vat lieu nano co cac loai hat nano kim loai doi vdi su sinh trubng va phat trien cua cay trong, nham cai thien nang suat va chat lupng nong san la mot hudng nghien cuu kha mdi me va dang dupe cac nha khoa hoc tren the gidi rat quan tam Trong boi canh hien Viet Nam cac ung dung cua cong nghe nano va vat lieu nano bat dau dupe sir dung rong rai linh vuc vat lieu, dien tir, y hoc, nong nghiep va bao quan thuc pham thi viec tim hieu ve co che tac dong nhu dudng dan truyen cac hat nano xay te bao thuc vat, tuong tac giua cac hat nano vdi cac phan te bao gay su thay doi sinh ly, sinh hoa, bien doi d muc gen va protein la het Khodakovskaya et al (2010) da de xuat giai phap sir dung ket hop cac phucmg phap Raman, nhiet quang va am quang (PT - photothermal, PA photoacoustic) ket hop vdi ky thuat di truyen de nghien cuu su tuong tac giua cac CNTs vdi cay Bang giai phap cac tac gia da phat hien rang MWCNTs co the gay nhtrng bien doi trade day chua dupe biet ve bieu hien cua mot so gen quan trong la va re cay ca chua Gen lien quan den stress va gen LeAqp2 lien quan den kenh dan nude cay da dupe hoat hoa tang bieu hien, dan den tang toe mam va phat trien cua mam cay ca chua dupe nuoi moi tradng co chua CNTs Boi vdi cac hat nano nhom kim loai dang oxide, qua trinh hap thu, van chuyen va tich luy hat nano cay hien chua hoan toan sang to Cac nghien Tap chi Congnghe Sinh hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 cuu hau het gidi han d giai doan phat trien choi, he thong re cung nhir cac kenh dan cay luc chua phat trien day du Lopez-Moreno et al (2010b) xu ly cay dau tuomg bang cac hat nano ZnO (8 nm) vbi nong thay doi tu 500 - 4000 mg/L va phat hien rang tai nong ZnO > 500 mg/L ZnO dupe hap thu vao cay manh hon so vdi nong >1000 mg/L Cac tac gia cho rang b nong cao, cac hat nano de dang tap hop lai cac hat co kich thudc Ion lam tac cac kenh dan te bao cua cay Ket qua phan tich XAS cho thay cac ion Zn2+ khong chi tir ZnO ma su co mat cua cac acetat va nitrat kem, chung to co sir chuyen hoa cua cac ion Zn2+ ben cac mo cay Cac hat nano Ti02 dugc sir dung bien cube song hang ngay, nhung ket qua nghien cuu ve cac qua trinh hap thu va van chuyen cua chung b cay rat han che, dac biet la doi vbi nhung loai cay dung cho thuc pham Theo Kurepa et al (2010), cac hat Ti02 kich thubc nho < nm co the tao phuc vbi alizarin S va dupe cay Arabidopsis thaliana hap thu va van chuyen vao cay Re cua cay A thaliana giai phong dich nhay co kha nang tao lbp bao hydrogen pectin bao xung quang re, tao thuan lgi cho phuc Ti02 vbi alizarin de dang di vao ben te bao cua cay Mot so ket qua nghien cuu khac (Watanabe et al., 2008) cung chi ring cac polysaccharide mang nhay co the hap phu va vo hieu hoa cac kim loai doc hai he thong re hoac gia tang su tich luy Asli va Neumann (2009) da khao sat qua trinh hap thu va van chuyen cac hat nano Ti02 (30 nm) cac re da dugc loai bo dau re va cho thay b tiet dien dinh re khong mat cac hat nano Theo cac tac gia, co the kich thubc hat nano Ti02 lbn horn dubng kinh mao quan cua te bao re (6,6 nm) Qua trinh hap thu magnetite (Fe30 4, 20 nm) cua choi cay bi ngo da dugc Zhu et al (2008) nghien cuu moi trubng nuoi thuy canh (hydroponic) Ket qua cho thay cac tin hieu tu cac hat nano tu tinh deu dugc ghi nhan re, than va la cua choi cay bi ngo Cac tac gia cung cho thay kha nang hap thu NPs phu thubc vao moi trubng sinh trubng vi qua trinh hap thu hat nano khong dugc tim thay moi trubng dat va suy giam dang ke moi trubng cat Bieu co the la hien tugng bam dinh, kho giai phong cua cac hat nano sat tu tren cac hat dat va cat Ngoai ra, kha nang hap thu nano sat tir phu thubc vao loai cay: khong co su hap thu doi vbi loai dau Phaseolus limensis Mat khac, Wang et al (2011) da khong phat hien dugc su hap thu Fe30 co dubng kinh 25 nm bbi cay bi ngo va cho rang cac hat nano co kich thubc lbn it co kha nang xam nhap qua te bao va van chuyen qua mang plasma Ly co the la mao quan te bao co kich cb tu - nm nen chi cho phep ion va cac phan tu nubc vbi kich thubc khoang 0,28 nm di qua Delfani et al (2014) da cho thay bon 500 mg/L hat nano Fe cho dau mat den da lam tang dang ke so qua/cay (47%), lupng 1000 hat (tang 7%), ham lugng Fe la (34%) va ham lugng chat diep luc (10%) U"ng dung cua Fe-NP cung cai thien nang suat cay nhieu hon so vbi each su dung muoi Fe thong thubng Ngoai ra, hat nano Fe gop phan cai thien hieu qua sir dung mot loai phan bon nano khac (hat nano Mg) Kha nang tich luy nguyen to Ceri cac mb cua choi cay dau, cay ngo, cay co linh lang (alfalfa) va cay ca chua da dugc khao sat dubi dieu kien nong khac cua hat nano Ce02 (7 nm) (LopezMoreno et al., 2010a; 2010b) Bang luu y la tai nong 4000 mg/L, ham lugng Ce sinh khoi (mg/kg sinh khoi kho) thay doi rat lbn giua cac loai khac nhau: 462 doi vbi cay dau, 300 - cay ngo, 4000 - cay ca chua va 6000 - cay co linh lang Su tich luy khac co the giai thich bbi tinh chat vi cau true dac thu cua re va cac tuemg tac ly hoa dac thu giua cac hat nano va dich tiet cua re cua moi loai cay Ket qua phan tich tia X (XANES) (X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy) da xac nhan su hien dien cua cac hat nano Ce02 re cua tat ca cac loai cay da dugc khao sat Havercamp va Marshall (2009) thong bao rang cac hat nano Ce02 dugc pha nubc tubi da khong tim thay su van chuyen cua chung cac mb cay Cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve qua trinh chuyen hoa sinh hgc cua NPs cay luemg thuc han che Su khac biet ve kha nang chuyen hoa sinh hoc cua cac hat nano ZnO va Ce02 cay dau tuong da dugc Lopez-Moreno et al (2010b) tien hanh Cac hat nano Ce02 dugc cay dau tuong hap thu nguyen dang ma khong bi chuyen hoa dang ion Ce4+, nguyen to Zn cay chi dugc tim thay dubi dang ion Zn2+ Tren co sb ket qua phan tich khang dinh lugng ion Zn2+ giai phong tu cac hat nano ZnO vao dung dich thuy canh suot thbi gian khao sat rat thap (8 - 25 mg/L doi vbi nong ZnO 500 - 4000 mg/L), co the du doan rang cac hat nano ZnO da dugc chuyen hoa tren be mat re cay dau tuong Qua trinh hap thu va van chuyen cac hat nano Ni(OH)2 (8,7 nm) loai cay Prosopis sp da dugc Parsons et al (2010) khao sat, ket qua phan Le Thi Thu Hien tich tia XANES cho thay su co mat cua cac hat nano Ni(OH)2 re va choi cua cay ma hat giong da dugc xvr ly bang hat nano khong co lop bao ve, doi vdi cay dugc xu ly bang hat nano dugc bgc mot lop citrat thi cac hat nano Ni chi dugc tim thay re Tuy nhien, su chuyen hoa cac hat nano khac nhu C70, MWCNTs, SWCNTs, Fe30 va Ti02 khong dugc quan sat thay (Zhu et al., 2008; Lin et al., 2009b; Stampoulis etal., 2009) Doi cac hat nano thudc nhom kim loai hoa tri khong, Stampoulis et al (2009) la nhom dau tien nghien cuu qua trinh hap thu nano bac cay bau (Curcubita pepo) Nong nano bac dugc tim thay choi dugc xu ly vdi 10 - 1000 mg/L nano bac trung binh ldn hon 4,7 lan so vdi trudng hgp xu ly bang dung dich huyen phu cua bot bac khoi co cung nong Do la cac ion bac dugc giai phong nhanh hem tu cac hat nano bac Trong do, nano bac khong dugc tim thay cay bap cai da dugc xu ly vdi nano bac Lee et al (2008) khao sat qua trinh hap thu va van chuyen nano Cu cay dau xanh (mungbean) va cay Ida my phat trien moi trudng thach chua nano Cu Ket qua cho thay nano dong dugc tich luy loai cay tuemg ung la va 32 mg/kg sinh khoi tren moi trudng chua Cu vdi nong 1000 mg/L Qua trinh hap thu nano Al cua mot loai dau da dugc Doshi et al (2008) khao sat moi trudng dat co chua 10 - 10000 mg Al (1 - 100 nm) kg dat trong, ket qua la ham lugng Al cay dau khong co gi khac biet so vdi mau doi chung Dieu cho thay su hap thu cac hat nano kim loai hoa tri phu thuoc vao loai cay cung nhu ban chat cua hat nano kim loai Nano bac thudng dugc biet den nhu mot tac nhan khu trung manh nhat dugc tim thay tu nhien, nhd vay dugc su dung de kiem soat cac vi sinh vat gay benh cho cay an toan horn so vdi thuoc bao ve thuc vat (Gardea-Torresdey et al., 2002) Trong mot thi nghiem in vivo tren cac cay bi ngo va dua chuot su dung cac nong nano khac cho thay nong 100 ppm nano bac da uc che manh nhat doi vdi nam sgi hyphae va bao tu dinh conidial (Gardea-Torresdey et al., 2003) Mot so ion kim loai co the dugc khu hat nano kim loai va tich luy mot so loai cay thuc pham Cac ion Au(III), Pt(II) va Ag(I) moi trudng agar da dugc khu cac hat nano kim loai va tich luy mam cac loai cay linh lang va cay cai (Bali et al., 2010) Cac nha nghien cuu cho rang dudi tac dong cua cac hat nano, cac te bao tfaoc vat se phan ung bang each thay doi su bieu hi^n gen va mot so dudng sinh hoa lien quan, tu anh hubng tdi su sinh trudng va phat trien cua cay trdng Chi mot so it cac cong bo ve co che tac dong cua cac bat nano doi vdi mot sd loai thuc vat, ching ban nhu co che van chuyen va bieu hien cac protein dan truyen kim loai d d hat lua giai doan mam dugc xu ly vdi hat nano kim loai kem (Zn), sat (Fe), dong (Cu), mangan (Mn) (Takahashi et al., 2009) Nam 2004, nhom nghien cuu d MIT da cong bo hieu qua tang cudng quang hgp gap hem lan d luc lap cay Arabidopsis dugc xu ly bdi vat lieu ong nano carbon bgc bdi sgi don DNA Mac du co che chinh xac vd tac dong cua vat lieu nano chua dugc lam ro va can dugc nghien cuu tiep, nhien cac tac gia cho rang, sau xam nhap vao luc lap, cac hat nano ket hgp vdi cac protein he quang hgp va lam tang su hip thu anh sang cua cac phan tir quang hgp, tu nang lugng dien tu dugc truyen tu hat nanocarbon vao he dan tmyen dien tu quang hop Them nua, cac hat nano dugc gan vdi Cerium oxide bao ve protein va lipid lien quan tdi quang hgp chung lam giam nong cac goc oxy hoa (ROS), cac goc tu (Giraldo et al., 2014) Xu ly hat giong trade gieo bang cac hat nano kim loai giup tang ty le mam, su phat trien cua re va la mam dau tuong (Pham Thi Hoe et al., 2018) Cl muc phan tu, tac dong tich cue cua hat nano len he gen cua thuc vat da dugc de cap mot sd nghien cuu gan day Muc chep mRNA va bieu hien cua protein tang len cay rau chan vit (spinach) dugc xu ly hat vdi hat nano Ti02 (Gao et al., 2006) Trong nghien cuu gan day, Landa et al (2012) da xem xet phan ung bieu hien cua he gen cay A thaliana sau xu ly vdi loai hat nano khac - nano ZnO, fullerene soot (FS) va Ti02 Ket qua cho thay sau xu ly, co 660 gen tang va 826 gen giam bieu hien vdi nano ZnO, 232 tang va 189 giam vdi FS va 80 tang va 74 giam vdi nano Ti02 Cac gen dugc kich hoat tradng hgp cua nano ZnO va FS chu yeu thuoc nhom gen dap ung vdi cac dieu kien bat lgi cua moi tradng (oxy hoa, muoiman, thieu nude, ton thuomg co hoc va chong benh) Cac gen giam muc bieu hien cay dugc xu ly vdi nano ZnO chu yeu la nhom gen lien quan den to chuc va phan chia te bao nhu la qua trinh dich ma, hinh cac cor quan tu va qua trinh hinh he thong vi ong (microtubule) FS kim ham chep cua cac gen tham gia vao chu trinh van chuyen dien tu va nang lugng Chi co su thay doi nhd cay tiep xuc vdi nano Ti02 d cac gen lien Tap chi Congnghe Sink hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 quail den tang cudng chong chiu Thay doi muc bieu hien d cay va te bao cua ca chua va thuoc la sau xu ly vdi ong nano carbon cung dirge thong bao bdi Lin et al (2009a), Khodakovskaya el al (2012, 2013) Trong thi nghiem cua Khodakovskaya et al (2013), anh hudng cua ong nano carbon len bieu hien gen a re va la non cua cay ca chua da dupe danh gia thong qua phan tich microarray cho thay co mot so nhom gen thay doi bieu hien nhu gen ma hoa cho protein cua kenh dan truyen nude (LeAqp2) Thong thudng, viec tang bieu hien cua gen LeAqp2 re va la co tac dung thuc day mam va phat trien cua cay Bieu hien cua LeAqp2 tang len cay bi tan cong bdi thuc vat ky sinh nhu cay to hong Cuscuta reflexa Anh hucmg cua ong nano carbon len bieu hien cua mot so gen ma hoa cho cac enzyme khu cac goc oxy hoa A thaliana cung thu dupe sau tiem ong nano carbon don tucmg vao la Bieu hien cao len dang ke bao gom gen ma hoa cho ascorbate peroxidase (APX1) va superoxide dismutase (MSOD1) cua ty the (Shen et al., 2010) O muc in vitro, cho den nay, c6 rat it cong bo ve viec nano co anh hucmg den nuoi cay mo te bao thuc vat Viec bo sung nano bac (Ag) vao moi trudng nuoi cay da dupe Nabeel (2011) thuc hien tren doi tupng cay Iresine herbstii thuoc ho Araceae Zahra et al (2013) da tien hanh danh gia hieu qua nano bac len cac giai doan phat trien, nang suat va phln cua tinh dau cay Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen, mot loai cay dupe lieu truyen thong cua Iran Ket qua cho thay viec sir dung nano bac co thd thay doi cac giai doan sinh trudng cua cay va so lupng cac hop chat thu cap Racuciu, Creanga (2007), Racuciu et al (2009) cho rang cac hat nano sat khong chi dong vai tro la mot chat co tac dung hoa hoc ma anh hucmg den cau true enzyme cac giai doan khac cua qua trinh quang hop Mot lupng nho dung dich sat them vao moi trudng nuoi cay co tac dung kich thich su tang trudng cua cay gia tang nong sat se gay tac dong uc che Ben canh do, cay lua mi Triticum aestivum cho thay su tich luy lupng Idn hat nano dong re su phat sinh hinh thai re (Lee et al., 2008) Cac hat nano kim loai cung cho thay co anh hudng len su tang trudng cua hat Lactuca, dupe khao sat bang each chieu dai cua choi va re cua cay sau 15 nuoi cay Ket qua cho thay choi va re tang cao hon so sanh vdi doi chung (Ruffini, Roberto, 2009) Tren doi tupng thuc vat, kha nhieu nghien cuu tap trung vao danh gia hieu qua mang lai su dung cac hat nano kim loai d nhieu loai cay khac Trong cac nguyen to hoa hoc can thiet cho qua trinh phat trien binh thudng cua thuc vat, cac vi chat nhu mangan (Mn), dong (Cu), sat (Fe), kem (Zn), bo (Bo), clo (Cl), molipden (Mo), coban (Co) co tac dung thuc day su phat trien cua cay Nang suat cay tang len khong ngung theo sau cuoc Cach mang Xanh da lam giam di so lupng ldn cac chat vi lupng co sin dat nhu Zn, Fe va Mo va cac phuong phap han che chua cua dat cung gop phan vao viec thieu hut cac vi chat cay thieu vi chat dat (Alloway, 2008) Nhieu nghien ciiu da cho thay viec bo sung cac chat true tiep vao cay qua la hoac gian tiep vao dat deu giup sinh trudng cua cay va phi nhieu cua dat tang Xu ly hat mudp dang (Momordica charantia) d giai doan mam vdi fullerol (C6o(OFI)2o) lam tang san lupng len 54%, chieu dai qua len 20%, so lupng qua len 59% va lupng qua len 70%, dan tdi hieu suat dat 128% Flam lupng cua hai hoat chat chong ung thu la cucurbitacin-B va lycopene tang tucmg umg la 74% va 82% Doi vdi hai hoat chat tri tieu dudng, charantin va insulin, ham lupng tang lan lupt la 20% va 91% (Kole et al., 2013) Sheykhbaglou et al (2010) da thu nghiem anh hudng cua cac hat nano FeO dang dung dich den cac tinh trang nong hoc cua dau tuong (Glycine max) ngoai dong racing Ket qua cho thay, d nong 0,5 g/dm3, cac hat nano FeO da lam tang san lupng len muc cao nhat, dat 48% so vdi doi chung Yuvaraj va Subramanian (2015) quan sat thay loi rang Mn mang nano Zn dupe chuyen den vung re, lam tang nang suat lua va sinh khoi than len 30% va 27%, dieu kien ngap va hieu Mot vai nghien cuu danh gia anh hudng khong mong muon cua cac vat lieu nano den cac loai cay cho thay thuc te phan ldn cac tradng hpp hat nano la co lpi hoac khong co anh hucmg dang ke den hoat dong binh thudng cua cay, mot so it tracing hpp gay anh hucmg bat lpi cho nhung loai cay nhat dinh (Rico et al., 2011; Begum et al., 2014) Nghien cuu cua Lin va Xing (2007) danh gia tinh doc cua loai hat nano cho thay chi hat nano Zn va ZnO uc che qua trinh mam va phat trien cua re d loai thuc vat nghien cuu Tuong tu, xu ly hat ngo, co linh lang (Medicago sativa), dua chuot (Cucumis sativus) va ca chua (Lycopersicon esculentum) vdi nanoceria d nong - 4000 mg/L, d 2000 mg/L kha nang mam cua ngo giam khoang 30%, cua ca chua giam 30% va dua chuot giam 20% Re ngo va dua chuot dupe kich thich phat trien, re Le Thj Thu Hien co linh lang va ca chua lai giam Hau het cac nong nanoceria deu thuc day su mam cua choi a ca loai nghien cuu (Lopez-Moreno et al., 2010a) Cac hat nano bac va dong lam giam kha nang phat trien cua Cucurbita pepo (thuoc Ho Bau B1 Cucurbitaceae) (Musante, White, 2010) Rat it nghien cuu dirge tien hanh nham danh gia sir tich luy hat nano d cac loai thuc vat va su co mat cua vat lieu cac cay luong thuc Tuy nhien, co the thay cac nghien cuu deu dupe thuc hien dieu kien su dung nong hat nano tuong tdi cao NGHIEN CUXJ ANH HUONG CUA CAC VAT LIEU NANO DEN SUC KHOE VAT NUOI Trong nganh chan nubi va nubi thuy san, cac hat nano kim loai da va dang dupe nghien cuu va ung dung vao xir ly nude, van chuyen cac chat dinh duong vi lupng (Chen, Wagner, 2004; Jain, Pradeep, 2005; De Azeredo, 2009) Mot loai vat lieu nano dupe quan tarn khai thac nhieu san pham la nano bac Bac da dupe su dung y te hang tram nam qua nhd thuoc tinh khang khuan va khang nam tu nhien Cong nghe nano da tao dupe nhung hat bac co kich thude nano co dac tinh sinh hoc cao, doc tinh thap va khOng co tinh khang thuoc Cac hat nano bac co dien tich mat rat ldn, gia tang tiep xuc cua chung vdi vi khuan hoac nam, va nang cao hieu qua diet khuan va diet nam Khong nhung the nano bac co the tang hoat dong chuyen hoa te bao, tir dan den tang toe sinh trudng cua dong vat Nhieu nhom nghien cuu tren the gidi da khai thac vat lieu de san xuat che pham nano co the thay the khang sinh chan nuoi, lam thuoc sat khuan, diet nguon benh chuong trai, ao nuoi thuy san) (Miihling et al., 2009) Trong llnh vuc chan nuoi, nguyen to chuyen tiep la Fe, Cu, Co va nguyen to a kim Se the hien hoat tinh sinh hpc va tinh kha dung sinh hoc manh me hem ca, nen thudng dupe su dung de nghien cuu tac dung cua chung len cac doi tupng sinh vat (Churilov, 2010) Dudi tac dung cua cac hat nano kim loai co hoat tinh sinh hpc nhu Fe, Co, Cu, ZnO, Mn, san lupng thu hoach ngu coc trung binh tang 20%, ty le tir vong cua dong vat sau sinh dupe an thuc an tang cucmg cac hat giam den 40% Cac nguyen to vi lupng cua coban va dong dudi dang muoi hoac phuc chelate the hien tac dung sinh ly rat khac nhau, nhung d dudi dang cac hat nano kim loai sieu phan tan, thi hieu qua tac dung cua chung kha giong Dieu cho thay cac nguyen to kim loai dudi dang nano co co che tac dung hoan toan khac biet so vdi chung d dudi dang muoi khoang hoac phuc chelate (Kalnitskii, 1985; Glushenko, 1998; Gorshkov et al., 2000; Nazarova, 2009; Churilov, 2010; Churilov etal., 2013; Ghafari, Razmjoo, 2013) Dong then, nano kim loai co the lam tang ham lupng mot so nguyen to da lupng cac mo cua vat nuoi Dudi tac dung cua nano coban, ham lupng Ca mo ca tang 31,8%, Fe 30,8%, K - 19,2%, Mg - 17,6%, Na - 20,5% so vdi ddi chung; doi vdi nano dong; Fe - 37,5%, K 15,3%, Mg - 23,5%, Mn - 45%, Na - 8,8% so vdi ddi chung Ket qua nghien cuu tac dung cua bot nano kim loai len chat lupng cua san pham thit bo cho thdy cac chi so chat lupng thay doi dang ke va theo hudng co lpi bot nano kim loai dupe dua vao khau phan an cua bo (Glushenko, 1998; Churilov et al., 2013) Hoat tinh sinh hpc cao cua cac hat nano tinh the sit va coban dupe chi cong trinh cua Ampleeva (2006), tac gia da khao sat tac dung cua cay rau vica ( Vicia sp.) dung lam thuc an gia sue (ma hat giong trade da dupe xtr ly nano) len trang thai sinh ly cua tho Tho an rau vica dupe xir ly nano sat va coban da tang lupng tuong ung la 9,3% va 20,9% so vdi ddi chung Dong thdi, so lupng hong cau mau cua tho tang tir 16 26% va hemoglobin - 10 - 13% so vdi ddi chung Cac chi so sinh hoa mau cua tho dupe an rau vica vdi nano sat deu tang: protein tong tang 7,4%, a-globulin tang lan, hoat tinh aminotransferase ALT va AST cung tang len so vdi doi chung Cac hat nano kim loai, ngoai kha nang diet khuan cao, co doc tinh thap va khong tich tu ca the bdi vi chung dupe ca the tiep nhan dudi dang nguyen to vi lupng qua trinh chuyen hoa (Kureneva, 1984) Tac dung sinh hpc cua cac hat nano kim loai da dupe nghien cuu tren gia cam (ga con, ga thit va ga de), su dvmg lieu toi uu la pg/kg thuc an Vat lieu nano dupe dua vao ca the vat nuoi theo each thuc nhu sau: phun dung dich huyen phu len khoi thuc an; bot kim loai dupe khuay tron ky vdi thuc an, dang vien dupe cho ga uong true tiep Ket qua cho thiy tracmg hop phun huyen phu vao thuc an ty le ga song la 94% d doi chung la 72%, ty le mang trung tang 10 - 15% (Gorshkov et al., 2000) Ket qua phan tich cac chi so sinh hoa mau cua bo dupe tiep nhan nano kim loai cho thay nhidu enzym da dupe hoat hoa manh (Nazarova, 2009) Nhidu ket qua nghien cuu cho thay nano kim Tap chi Cong nghe Sink hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 loai klch thlch qua trinh tlch luy cac nguyen to da luqng va vi lugng co the vat nuoi (Kureneva el al., 1984; Gorshkov et al., 2000; Nazarova, 2009; Churilov, 2010) Ket qua phan tlch phan khoang mau bo duqc nuoi vdi nano sat cho thay sau thang nuoi ham luong kali va natri tang tucrng ung 6% va 3,3% so vdi doi chung Nhd trang thai sinh ly cua vat nuoi dugc nang cao, bdi vi kali tham gia dieu khien hoat dong cua co tim va cac co khac, tham gia truyen tai tinh hieu than kinh, tri ap suat tham thau ben te bao, la phan quan cua he K-Na, dong thdi natri tao moi trucmg moi trudng can thiet cho qua trinh tieu hoa Ham lugng canxi va phospho tang 19% va 4,3% tuong ung so vdi doi chung, ho trq cho qua trinh hinh mo xuong toi can thiet cho qua trinh phat trien a nam dau tien cua bo Sau thang nuoi, ham lugng sat tang 23,7% va dong tang 30,1% so vdi doi chung Dang chu y la dudi tac dung cua cac hat nano ham lugng nguyen to deu tang, mac du sat va dong cung co mat khau phan an dudi dang muoi khoang chung trd cac chat doi khang Nano dong va coban cung cho ket qua tuong tu (Churilov, 2010) chuoi thuc an Vi sinh vat cung co kha nang hap phu va tich luy cac dang vat lieu nano, chuyen hoa chung qua chuoi thuc an, qua gian tiep tac dong den he sinh thai Cho den nay, hau het cac nghien cuu deu chu trgng ve danh gia tinh hieu qua sir dung cac hat nano kim loai viec lam tang nang suat cay Trong do, cac nghien cuu ve viec sir dung cac vat lieu nano kim loai den su bien dong cua quan the vi sinh vat sir dung chua co nhieu Mot so nghien cuu tren the gidi da danh gia tac dong cua cac vat lieu nano kim loai viec ire che cac nhom vi sinh vat gay benh d muc don le, nhung anh hudng gay doc co the xay sir dung moi trucmg can co nhung nghien cuu day du hem, nhung tac dong can dugc nghien cuu tren cac khia canh bao gom: Nhung anh hudng true tiep den vi sinh vat; Su thay doi kha nang sir dung dinh duong cua vi sinh vat co mat cac che pham tren; Tac dong gian tiep co the dem lai su tucmg tac cac hop chat co tu nhien co mat cac hat nano kim loai sieu phan tan den he sinh thai vi sinh vat va su tuong tac cua cac vat lieu vdi cac hgp chat doc co moi trucmg se lam giam hot hoac tang len (Shah, Belozerova, 2008) San pham nano dugc dua thi trucmg mot nhieu dat nhung nghien ciru ve anh hudng cua cac vat lieu den sue khoe ngudi, vat nuoi (Moore, 2006; Handy et al., 2008; 2011; Klaine et al., 2008; Perez et al., 2009; Kahru, Savolainen, 2010) Do tinh chat hoa ly doc dao cua nhung hat nen chung co the tuong tac tich cue vdi cac he thong sinh hoc Mot so cac tuong tac co the co hai cho sue khoe ngudi, vat nuoi neu d nong cao Nhieu cong trinh dugc tien hanh tren moi trucmg nude ngot va co danh gia cac van de hoa ly nhu pH, cung cua nude, su co mat cua cac ion nhu Ca, ben cua ion Cac danh gia doc tinh thudng tap trung vao cac sinh vat la doi tugng dugc lua chgn nghien cuu doc tinh cac quy dinh/ hudng dan va cac du lieu can thu thap (su song sot, kha nang sinh trudng va sinh san) (Owen, Handy, 2007; Crane et al., 2008) Nhung nghien ciru ve viec sir dung cac vat lieu nano co kha nang uc che cac nhom vi sinh vat da dugc nghien cuu mot each kha ro rang, co che cua qua trinh uc che va tieu diet cac nhom vi sinh vat co the bao gom nhung nguyen ly sau: uc qua trinh tong hgp mang te bao, tac dong oxi hoa cac phan tir protein, hinh cac phan ling oxy hoa Lyon et al (2006) da nghien cuu kha nang cac vat lieu nano uc che cac chung vi khuan Bacillus subtilis va Escherichia coli Kang et al (2009), Ge et al (2012) nghien cuu tac dgng cua hat nano tren mot so nhom vi khuan gay benh khac nhu E coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, hoac mot so nhom vi khuan co ich dat nhu Pseudomonas aeruginosa, B subtilis Viec co mat d muc ldn cua cac vat lieu nano co the gay nhung anh hudng den he vi sinh vat co lgi dat dan tdi kha nang gay roi loan cac chu trinh chuyen hoa dat, hoac anh hudng den qua trinh phan giai cac hop chat him co NGHIEN CUU TAC D0NG CUA CAC VAT LIEU NANO DEN VI SINH VAT DAT Ngoai thuc vat, anh hudng cua cac vat lieu nano den vi khuan cung dugc quan tarn danh gia vi vi khuan la phan chu yeu he sinh thai can va nude, dong vai tro quan trgng phan huy cac chat huu ca, chuyen hoa nito, van chuyen chat dinh duong va la mot mat xich khong the thieu NGHIEN CUU U'NG DUNG AN TOAN CUA CAC VAT l ie u n a n o t r o n g NONG NGHIEP Tir nhung ket qua nghien cuu tren c6 the thay cong nghe nano co tiem nang rat ldn nganh nong nghiep Xu hudng cang tang su dung cac che pham nano kim loai vao san xuat nong nghiep dat yeu cau danh gia an toan tren cac doi Le Thi Thu Hien tugng thuc vat, dong vat, vi sinh vat Sir ton tai va dac tinh cua hat nano kim loai moi traang tu nhien cung nhu tac dong co the cua chung doi vdi cac sinh vat song moi truong cang nhan dugc su quan tam cua nhieu nhom nghien cuu tren the gidi (Nel et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2007; Aslani et al., 2014) Nhung hieu biet ve su bien doi cua hat nano dat, tac dong den vi sinh vat va chuc nang cua chung he sinh thai cung nhu su hap thu va tac dong den thuc vat, dong vat la can thiet va quan trgng, gop phan nang cao gia tri su dung cua cong nghe nano va giam thieu nhung rui ro co the gap phai qua trinh khai thac cac san pham (Thul et al., 2013) Nhung cau hoi, dac biet lien quan den anh hucmg bat lgi co the co cua vat lieu nano den moi trucmg, cac ca the song va chat lugng cua san pham nong nghiep da dugc dat Mot so y kien cho rang vat lieu nano vdi kich thudc nho de dang tham gia vao cac phan ung hoa hoc co kha nang tao cac hop chat mdi vdi cac tinh chat chua dugc biet Vi the, ngoai nhung dac tinh uu viet cua cac hat nano, cac nha khoa hoc tren the gidi da quan tam den cac tac dong tieu cue cua chung, dac biet trudng hop cac vat lieu nano dugc sir dung hay co mat vdi nong cao Hinh Tuorig tac cua c&c vat lieu nano moi trudng: (1) tham th§u true tiep vao re cay; (2) tan moi truong nuoc; (3) tan nude va chuyen vao cay; (4) ton tai dat (Aslani et al., 2014) Mot nhung van de hay dugc nhac tdi la d nai nao va bang each nao cac hat nano dugc luu giu cay Ket qua nghien cuu qua trinh khu cac ion bac ve dang hat nano va tich luy cua chung (Navarro et al., 2008) loai alfalfa da cho thay cac hat nano bac co the tich luy tren be mat cac te bao re, nhung theo cong bo cua Judy et al (2011) thi chung lai co mat cac mo than cua alfalfa Lin et al (2009b) thong bao rang cac hat fiilleren C70 dugc tim thdy mo la thuoc the he sau cua cay lua da qua xir ly fulleren d the he trade Mot so cong trinh chi rang cac hat nano dua vao mot so loai tao va cay thudc la co the dugc van chuyen tiep vao chuoi dinh duong (Tan, Fugetsu, 2007; Judy et al., 2011) Nghien cuu cua Tan et al (2009) cho thay hat nano carbon lam giam mat te bao dung dich huyen phu cua cac te bao cay lua va phu thudc nong hat nano Tai nong thap, toe chet cua te bao chu yeu xay theo chu ky dinh san (apoptosis), nhung d nong cao, muc te bao chet chu yeu la bdi qua trinh hoai tu mang te bao bi pha huy Mat khac, cac te bao cay lua nuoi dung dich huyen phu co the- xuc tien phan ung tu ve mot bi tac dong bdi hat nano carbon bang each hy sinh mot so lugng nho te bao Cac nghien cuu cua Shen et al (2010) tren cac te bao cua cay lua va nguyen sinh chat Arabidopsis da xac nhan rang kich thudc nano va ndng cua hat nano carbon co y nghla quyet dinh doi vdi muc gay doc te bao Su pha huy te bao cung dugc gan cho hien tugng ket tap (agregation) cua cac hat nano dan den su bao vay cua cac kenh dan apoplastic Lin et al (2009b) cong bo C70 va dng nano carbon (400 mg/L) dudi dang huyen phu vat lieu huu ca tu nhien da lam cham qua trinh hoa cua cay lua it nhat mot thang Cung vat lieu lai co kha nang tao phan ung tu ve cac te Mo cay lua (Tan et al., 2007; Tan et al., 2009) Doc te bao cua cac hat nano kim loai doi vdi cac loai cay luang thuc da dugc nghien cuu tren mot so kim loai nhu sat va bac Trong cac te bao mb phan sinh (meristem) cua re cay hanh tay Allium cepa cac hat nano bac gay kim ham qua trinh nguyen phan (mitodepressive) va dot bien nhiem sac the (clastogenic) (Babu et al., 2008; Kumari et al., 2009) Su suy giam chi so phan chia te bao (mitotic index - M.I.) cay A cepa da dugc xu ly nano bac phu thudc nhieu vao nong hat nano: M.I tu 60,3% d mau doi chung da giam xuong gia tri 27,6% d mau co ndng nano bac 100 mg/L Hieu ung giam nguyen phan cung nhu phan ung doc te bao co thd la su uc che qua trinh tong hop DNA tai pha S cua chu trinh phan chia te bao (Kuriyama et al., 1974) Kumari et al (2009) xu ly A cepa vdi nano bac da phat hien nhieu dot bien nhiem sac thd khac nhu bi dinh ket, dut gay, roi loan metaphase va te bao phan huy d cac ndng Tap chi Cong nghe Sink hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 nano bac khac Su tuong tac giua cac hat nano bac vdi nhom tubulin-SH co the la nguyen nhan lam cho chi'rc nang phan bao trd nen kem hieu qua Dong thdi, tlnh dlnh ket d cac giai doan metaphase va anaphase cung co the la nguyen nhan dan den qua trinh de polime hoa phan huy DNA (Sudhakar et al., 2001) Su xuat hien cac dut doan nhiem sac the gay bdi tac dung cua nano bac da xac nhan kha nang dot bien nhiem sac the cua tac nhan ngoai lai la cac hat nano bac, co the dan den mat mat vat lieu di truyen (Raun, Lilum, 1992) Cac hat nano magnetit dung dich nude (50-300 pl/L) dugc boc mot ldp acid pecloric co kha nang lam giam acid nucleic cac te bao cay ngo dan den kha nang uc che qua trinh sinh tong hop (Racuciu, Creanga, 2009a) Xu ly hat ngo vdi nano magnetit dugc phu mot ldp cyclodextrin lam chat on dinh da lam tang tong cac pha prophase, metaphase, anaphase va telophase Racuciu va Creanga (2009b) cho rang ferrophase co the xam nhap qua ldp mang cua nhan (nuclear membrance) va DNA ngoai nhan (extra nuclear) cac hat diep luc - la muc tieu bi cac hat tu tinh tan cong nhieu nhat Mac du vay, cac ket qua nghien cuu neu tren van chua tra ldi dugc cau hoi lieu co phai la doc tinh gen gay cay bdi chinh cac hat nano hay la bdi cac san pMm chuyen hoa sinh hoc ben cay cua chung? Doc tinh cua cac hat nano cay luemg thuc da dugc thao luan mot so bai tong quan (Ma et al., 2010; Nair et al., 2010; El-Temsah, Joner, 2012) Cac ket qua nghien cuu chi rang khong phai bat ky vat lieu nano nao cung deu the hien doc tinh doi vdi loai cay dugc xvr ly Thuc te co nhieu nghien cuu cho thay tac dung co lgi cua cac hat nano Tuy nhien can phai than dua ket luan ve hieu ung tac dung cua cac hat nano rieng biet, bdi vi cac hieu ung doc tinh hgc dua tren cac dau hieu sinh ly hoc co the quan sat dugc ben cay chua du lam chi thi ve doc to Do de co the nghien cuu doc tinh cua cac hat nano cay can thiet phai trien khai cac nghien cuu d muc he gen va he protein (genomics, proteomics) Hien nay, co che gay doc cua vat lieu nano cay thuc te chua dugc xac dinh ro Nhieu y kien cho rang doc tinh cua cac hat nano quan sat dugc cay la cac tuang tac vat ly giua hat nano va cay (Watanabe et al., 2008; Khodakovskaya et al., 2009) Chang han, su co mat cua hat nano tren be mat re co the lam thay doi tioa hgc be mat cua re, lam cho cac kenh dan nude va dan cac chat dinh dudng bi che lap Kich thude nho cua hat nano the hien doc tinh cay manh horn so vdi kich thude to hon El-Temsah et al (2012) chung minh bang thuc nghiem rang nano bac vdi kich thude 0,6 - nm the hien doc tinh cay lanh, dai mach va co raigras cao hon dang ke so vdi nano bac co kich thude - nm Cac nha khoa hoc gan day da tap trung vao nghien cuu, phat trien cac phuong phap de nhan biet va danh gia cac moi nguy hiem va rui ro cua cac hat nano noi chung va cac hat nano kim loai noi rieng doi vdi sue khoe cua ngudi va dong vat su dung cac che pham nano dudi nhieu dang khac Da co nhung thong tin ve tac dong doc hai cua cac hat nano vao he thong noi tiet cua dong vat co vu va cac loai mo hinh nghien cuu dong vat va dong te bao (Lu, 2013) Hon nua, qua trinh nghien cuu ve tac dong cua mdi trudng doi vdi sue khoe ngudi cung cho thay vat lieu nano co anh hudng den qua trinh oxy hoa te bao Nhung nghien cuu da cho thay tac dong doc te bao cua cac oxide kim loai co the xay (khi d nong tuong doi cao), nhung thay doi khong phai la su hoa tan cua cac kim loai chuyen tiep, ma dudng nhu co lien quan den viec tri cang thang oxy cua chu ky oxy hoa khu (Fahmv 2009; Horie, 2013) Hien nay, cac vat lieu nano dugc tap trung nghien cuu bien bao gom cac nano kim loai cua du an nhu Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co (OteroGonzalez, 2012) Khi ngudi va dong vat su dimg cac vat lieu nano d nong thap vdi thdi gian keo dai hoac nong cao mot thdi gian ngan co tac dong den qua trinh tang trudng va phat trien (Croteau, 2011) To chuc Nang lugng mdi va Phat trien Cong nghe Cong nghiep Nhat Ban (NEDO) da phat dong mot du an nghien cuu mang ten “Danh gia rui ro lien quan den vat lieu nano dugc che tao (PI0024)” vao nam 2006 nham phan tlch, xac dinh, thao luan va danh gia tac dung sinh hoc cua vat lieu nano doi vdi su bien doi bieu hien cua gen he thong than kinh, sinh san, noi tiet cua ngudi va dong vat (Elder, 2006; Fujita, 2012) Qua co the hudng dan viec su dung hieu qua cua cac vat lieu nano viec nang cao chat lugng cac san pham chan nuoi DINH HU'Qn G NGHIEN CUT) VA IJ'NG DUNG edN G NGHE NANO TRONG NONG NGHIEP O VIET NAM Hien nay, Viet Nam dang phai doi mat vdi viec thieu hut ve san lugng luong thuc tuong lai Le Thi Thu Hien qua trinh thi hoa cang tang, dien tich dat dang giam sut cong them viec dan so tang cao, thu nhap tu nong nghiep dang bi giam Ngoai ra, co nhieu van de moi tradng gay tu san xuit nong nghiep nhu: su dung phan bon hoa hoc va hoa chat bao ve thuc vat lam tang nhiem he sinh thai Viec lam giup nang cao nang suat cay trdng, giai quyet dupe yeu cau trade mat qua trinh canh tac nhung mang lai nhieu bat lgi lau dai, lam tang chi phi san xuat gia phan hoa hoc cang tang, mat khac su dung phan hoa hoc thdi gian dai se lam cho dat bi chai, lugng phan thua se gay nhiem moi tradng nude va khong dong thdi giam lgi nhuan qua trinh canh tac Tir nam 2001- 2010, gia phan bon tang gap lan nhung gia nong san gan nhu khong tang bao nhieu Theo tinh toan cua Cue Trong trgt, den nam 2015, nhu cau phan bon cua Viet Nam se tang len tdi 218 kg/ha, tang khoang 40% so vdi nam 2010 Ve thuoc bao ve thuc vat, Viet Nam nhap khau hang nam tren 70.000 tan pham vdi tri gia 210 - 500 trieu USD (Vuomg Tradng Giang, Bui Si Doanh, 2011) Ty le su dung phan bon binh quan/dom vi dien tich cua Viet Nam cao hon kha nhieu so cac nude vung Nghien cuu va ling dung cac vat lieu nano co hoat tinh sinh hpc san xuat nong nghiep se gop phan tang nang suat cay trong, vat nuoi, giam nhiem moi tradng CS Viet Nam, cong nghe nano da dugc trien khai nghien cuu va ung dung tu hem thap ky trade va chu yeu phuc vu cho cac nghien cuu vat ly va nghien cuu ung dung vat lieu nano mot so linh vuc nhu moi tradng, y hpc, sinh hgc Trong nhung nam gan day, cac nghien cuu va ling dung trien khai cong nghe nano noi chung va cong nghe sinh hoc nano noi rieng dang dugc thuc hien d mot so don vi nghien cuu va trien khai, chu yeu tap trung tai Ha Noi va TP Ho Chi Minh Dien hinh la Vien Vat lieu va Vien Cong nghe moi tradng thuoc Vien Han lam Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam, Tradng Dai hoc Khoa hgc tu nhien thuoc Dai hgc Quoc gia Ha Noi va TP Ho Chi Minh, Tradng Dai hgc Bach khoa Ha Noi va TP Ho Chi Minh, Trung tarn Nghien cuu trien khai ky thuat cao thuoc Khu Cong nghe cao TP Ho Chi Minh Budc dau, mot so san pham cong nghe sinh hgc nano da dugc nghien cuu che tao cong Nhieu nhom nghien cuu nghien cuu nude da thuc hien mot so cac khao nghiem ve cong nghe nano Nhom nghien curu cua Nguyen Cong Hao va dtg (2010) (Vien Han lam Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam) da tao P-cyclodextrin-alginate lam vat lieu van chuyen thuoc chua benh Bui Huy 10 Du (2009) nghien cuu che tao keo bac nano bang buc xa gamma-Co60 co hieu luc diet nam benh dao on (Piricularia oryzae Cavara) va benh lem let hat (Pseudomonas glumae Kurita et Tabei) Nam 2007, nhom nghien cuu Phucmg Binh Tam (Tradng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Noi) da co dinh thu tu DNA tren cam bien xac dinh virus herpes Nhom nghien cuu cua Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong (2011) da nghien cuu che tao dung dich nano Cu bang phucmg phap khu ddi vdi oxalate Cu, CuCl2, CuS04 bang cac chat khu ethylene glycole, diethyleneglycole, glycerin ket hop ho trg cua vi song va su dung dung dich nano Cu lam nguyen lieu che tao thuoc bao ve thuc vat khang va diet benh nam hong Corticium salmonicolor, benh phan trang Oidium Heveae tren cao su Dong Huy Gidi va dtg (2013) da nghien cuu dieu che dung dich nano T i02 bang phuomg phap sol-gel de tao dung dich nano Ti02 co mau trang va kha nang phan tan tot, dung dich co kha nang uc che su phat trien va bieu hien trieu chung benh cua virus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) d thuc vat Cac nghien cuu budc dau cua cac nha khoa hgc thuoc Vien Cong nghe moi tradng da danh gia tac dong cua cac hat nano kim loai Fe, Co va Cu tren mot so cay nhu dau tuomg, ngo, rau cho cac ket qua kha quan (Ngo et al., 2013, 2014) Ci muc in vitro, Duomg Tan Nhut va dtg (2014b) da nghien cuu su sinh tradng va phat trien cua cay cue (Chrysanthemum sp.) in vitro tren moi tradng co su dung nano sat Ket qua cho thay viec ket hpp nano sdt vdi Fe-EDTA cho thay ket qua tot horn, cac choi sinh tradng tot, khong bi vang la va re rat nhanh Ben canh do, nano bac cung co anh hudng rat tot len su sinh tradng va phat trien cua cay dau tay (Fragaria sp.), dong tien (Gerbera sp.) nuoi cay in vitro (Ducmg Tan Nhut et al., 2014a) Cl mdc in vivo, nhung thi nghiem ban dau ve tac dong cua cac hat nano kim loai tren mot so cay nhu dau tuong, ngo, rau va cu cai da dugc cac nha khoa hgc thuoc Vien Cong nghe Moi tradng, Vien Han lam Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam tien hanh nhung nam gan day Ket qua danh gia tac dung cua hat nano kim loai den qua trinh mam va sinh tradng cua ngo cho thay, so vdi ddi chung, ty le mam tang 14%; dien tich be mat la tang 22,2%; khdi lugng la tang 25%; khoi lupng re tang 27,3%; dai re tang 28,3 va dai than tang 17,2% Cac hat nano Fe, Co va Cu da lam tang san lugng va chat lugng cua san pham thu hoach (Churilov et al., 2012; Ngo et al., 2013, 2014) Che phlm nano bac dugc nghien cuu va ung dvtng Tap chi Cong nghe Sink hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 phong ngua sau benh cho cay va phong benh cho tom, ca nuoi thuy san Mac du cong nghe nano da dupe nghien cuu va di vao ung dung rat nhieu lmh vuc kinh te, xa hoi va ddi song vbi rat nhieu uu diem va lpi ich, viec su dung vat lieu nano san xuat nong nghiep la mot nhiem vu mbi va co nhieu thach thuc a Viet Nam Hieu biet ve co che va tac dong cua cac hat den cay trong, vat nuoi, vi sinh vat rat han che, vi the lam cham lai qua trinh irng dung san pham cua cong nghe cao san xuat luong thuc va thuc pham cho ngubi va dong vat Banh gia anh hubng cua cac vat lieu nano len cac doi tupng cay trong, dong vat va vi sinh vat b cac muc khac nham hieu ro an toan su dung cac san pham co gia tri vao san xuat cung can dupe thuc hien song song vbi cac hoat dong nghien curu va ung dung vat lieu nano Su dung nhung ky thuat sinh hoc phan tu hien dai de nghien ciiu bieu hien cua mot gen, mot nhom gen hay ca he gen cay tuong tac vbi cac vat lieu nano cung nhu danh gia anh hubng cua cac vat lieu nano den cac loai cay trong, vat nuoi va vi sinh vat b cac muc khac la nhung nghien cuu can thiet Trong khuon kho cua Du an diem cap Vien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam “Nghien cuu ung dung cong nghe nano nong nghiep”, cac nghien cuu danh gia, phan tich cac phan ung cac qua trinh sinh ly, sinh hoa quan lien quan tbi nang suit cua cay trbng nhu quang hop, ty le hat mam, sinh trubng va trao dbi chit noi bao cay dupe xu ly vbi cac loai hat nano kim loai da dupe chung minh co tac dong tich cue tbi sinh trubng va phat trien, nang suat va toe mim b mot so cay quan nhu ngo, dau tuong, lua; phan tich bieu hien cua gen/ nhom vung gen hay ca he gen cua cay tucmg tac vbi cac hat nano kim loai sir dung cac ky thuat sinh hoc phan tir hien dai da va dang dupe thuc hien tao co sb khoa hoc cho cac nghien cuu phat trien va ung dung cac che pham nano nong nghiep va cac nganh lien quan Leri cam orn: Cong trinh duac thuc hien khuon kho cua Hap phan IV “Nghien cicu ca che tac dong va danh gia an toan sinh hoc cua cac che pham nano duac nghien cuu du an ” thuoc Du an diem cap Vien Han lam Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam “Nghien cuu ung dung cong nghe nano nong nghiep ”(Ma so VAST.TD NANO-NN/15-18) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Adhikari T, Biswas AK, Kundu S (2010) Nanofertilizer- a new simension in agriculture Indian Journal o f Fertilisers 6: 22-24 Alloway BJ (2008) Zinc in soils and crop nutrition Second edition International zinc Association and International Fertilizer Industry Association Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France Ampleeva LE (2006) Physiologhicheskoe coctoyanie krolikov pri vvedenii v ratsion viki, vyraschennoi s ispolzovaniem uktradispersnykh poroshkov zheleza i cobana Tom tat luan an Tien sy Sinh hoc Riazan, 25 p Aslani F, Bagheri S, Julkapli NM, Juraimi AS, Hashemi FSG, Baghdadi A (2014) Effects o f engineered nanomaterials on plants growth: An overview Sci World J http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/641759 Asli S, Neumann M (2009) Colloidal suspensions o f clay or titanium dioxide nanoparticles can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical effects on root water transport Plant, Cell Environ 32: 577-584 Babu K, Deepa M, Shankar SG, Rai S (2008) Effect o f nano-silver on cell division and mitotic chromosomes: A prefatory siren Internet J Nanotechnol 2: Bali R, Siegele R, Harris AT (2010) Biogenic Pt uptake and nanoparticle formation in Medicago sativa and Brassica juncea J Nanopart Res 12: 3087-3095 Begum P, Ikhtiari R, Fugetsu B (2014) Potential impact o f multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposure to the seedling stage o f selected plant species Nanomaterials 4: 203-221 Bui Huy Du (2009) Nghien cuu ch6 tao keo bac nano bang buc xa gamma-Co-60 co hieu luc diet nam benh dao on (Piricularia oryzae Cavara) va benh lem let hat (Pseudomonas glumae Kurita et Tabei” Tom tat Luan an Tien sy, Ha Noi Chen CC, Wagner G (2004) Vitamin E nanoparticle for beverage applications Chem Eng Res Design 82: 14321437 Chen R, Ratnikova TA, Stone MB, Lin S, Lard M, Huang G, Hudson JS, Ke PC (2010) Differential uptake o f carbon nanoparticles by plant and mammalian cells Small 6: 612617 Churilov GI (2010) Cac hieu ung sinh hoc-sinh thai cua cac hat kim loai dang nano tinh the Tom tat luan an Tifin sy Sinh hoc, TP Balashikha Churilov GI, N go QB, Nguyen HC (2012) Physiological and biochemical effects o f nanocrystalline metals on maize plant Proc 6th International Workshop on Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology (IWAMSN 2012) Ha Long City, Vietnam, October 30-November 02, 2012, 221-224 11 Le Thi Thu Hien Churilov GI, Polischuk SD, Nazarova A A (2013) Copper and coban nanoparticles influence on bullcalves’ growth and development JM ater Sci Eng 3(6): 379-385 Crane M, Handy RD, Garrod J, Owen R (2008) Ecotoxicity test methods and environmental hazard assessment for manufactured nanoparticles Ecotoxicology 17: 421-437 Croteau MN, Dybowska AD, Luoma SN, Valsami-Jones E (2011) A novel approach reveals that zinc oxide nanoparticles are bioavailable and toxic after dietary exposures Nanotoxicology 5(1): 79-90 De Azeredo HMC (2009) Nanocomposites for food packaging applications Food Res Int 42: 1240-1253 Delfani M, Firouzabadi MB, Farrokhi N, Makarian H (2014) Some physiological responses o f black-eyed pea to iron and magnesium nanofertilizers Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 45: 530-540 Dong Huy Gicri, Dam Thi Phirong, Chu Hoang Ha, Hoang Ha va Le Van Son (2013) Nghien cuu dieu che dung dich nano T i0 va budc dau thu nghiem trir Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phat trien 11(6): 790796 Doshi R, Braida W, Christodoulatos C, Wazne M, O’Connor G (2008) Nano-aluminum: transport through sand columns and environmental effects on plants and soil communities Environ Res 106: 296-303 Duong Tan Nhut, Ho Thanh Tam, Nguyen Thi Thanh Hien, Le Kim Cucmg, Vu Quoc Luan, Nguyen Ba Nam, Nguyen Phuc Huy, Vu Thi Hien, Trinh Thi Huong, Nguyen Hong Hoang, Nguyen Xuan Tuan, Nguyen Viet Cuong, Do Manh Cuong, Nguyen Hoai Chau va Ngo Quoc Buu (2014) Khao sat anh hucmg cua nano bac len su sinh trudng va phat trien cua cay cue, dau tay, dong tien nuoi cay in vitro Tap chi Cong nghe Sinh hoc 12(1): 103111 Duong Tan Nhut, Nguyen Viet Cuong, Hoang Thanh Tung,Nguyen Thi Thanh Hien, Do Manh Cucmg, Vu Thi Hien, Nguyen Ba Nam, Nguyen Phuc Huy, Vu Quoc Luan, Nguyen Hoai Chau va N go Quoc Buu (2014) Nghien cuu su sinh trucmg va phat trien cua cay cue (Chrysanthemum sp.) in vitro tren moi trucmg co su dung nano sat Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phat trien Elder A, Gelein R, Silva V, Feikert T, Opanashuk L, Carter J, Potter R, Maynard A, Ito Y, Finkelstein J, Oberdorster G (2006) Translocation o f inhaled ultrafme manganese oxide particles to the central nervous system Environ Health Perspect 114(8): 1172-1178 El-Temsah YS, Joner EJ (2012) Impact o f Fe and Ag nanoparticles on seed germination and differences in bioavailability during exposure in aqueous suspension and soil Environ Toxicol 27(1): 42-49 Fahmy B, Cormier SA (2009) Copper oxide nanoparticles 12 induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in airway epithelial cells Toxicol In Vitro 23(7): 1365-1371 Fujita K, Fukuda M, Iwahashi H (2012) Significance o f comprehensive gen expression analysis for evaluation o f biological effects o f manufactured nanomaterials Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 67(3): 390-395 Gao F, Hong F, Liu C, Zheng L, Su M, Wu X, Yang F, Wu C, Yang P (2006) Mechanism o f nano-anatase T i02 on promoting photosynthetic carbon reaction o f spinach Biol Trace Elem Res 111: 239-253 Gardea-Torresdey JL, Gomez E, Peralta-Videa J, Parsons JG, Troiani HE, Yacaman MJ (2003) Alfalfa sprouts: a natural source for the synthesis o f silver nanoparticles Langmuir 19: 1357-1361 Gardea-Torresdey JL, Parsons JG, Gomez E, PeraltaVidea J, Troiani HE, Santiago P, Yacaman MJ (2002) Formation and growth o f Au nanoparticles inside live alfalfa plants Nano Lett 2: 397-401 Ge Y, Schimel JP, Holden PA (2012) Identification o f soil bacteria susceptible to T i0 and ZnO nanoparticles Appl Environ Microbiol 78(18): 6749-6758 Ghafari H, Razmjoo J (2013) Effect o f foliar application o f nano-iron oxidase, iron chelate and iron sulphate rates on yield and quality o f wheat Inti J Agron Plant Prod (11): 2997-3003 Giraldo JP, Landry MP, Faltermeier SM, McNicholas TP, Iverson NM, Boghossian AA, Reuel NF, Hilmer AJ, Sen F, Brew JA, Strano MS (2014) Plant nanobionics approach to augment photosynthesis and biochemical sensing Nature Materials 13: 400-408 Glushenko NN (1998) Physico-khimicheskie zakonomemosti biologhicheskovo deistviya vysokodispersnykh poroshkov metalov Tom tat luan an Tien sy Sinh hoc Moskva, 50 p Gorshkov M, Musatova V, Kovalenko L (2000) Vetpreparat novovo pokolenia Ptitsevodstvo 2: 36-40 Handy RD, Comelis G, Fernandes T, Tsyusko O, Decho A, Sabo-Attwood T, Metcalfe C, Steevens JA, Klaine SJ, Koelmans AA, Home N (2011) Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: practical experiences and recommendations from the bench Environ Toxicol Chem doi: 10.1002/etc.706 Handy RD, Owen R, Valsami-Jones E (2008) The ecotoxicology o f nanoparticles and nanomaterials: current status, knowledge gaps, challenges, and future needs Ecotoxicology 17: 315-325 Horie M, Nishio K, Endoh S, Kato H, Fujita K, Miyauchi A, Nakamura A, Kinugasa S, Yamamoto K, Niki E, Yoshida Y, Iwahashi H (2013) Chromium(III) oxide nanoparticles induced remarkable oxidative stress and apoptosis on culture cells Environ Toxicol 28(2): 61-75 Tap chi Cong nghe Sink hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 Jain P, Pradeep T (2005) Potential o f silver nanoparticlecoated polyurethane foam as an antibacterial water filter Biotechnol Bioeng 90: 59-63 and distribution o f ultrasmall anatase T i02 alizarin red S nanoconjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana Nano Lett 10(7): 2296-302 Judy JD, Unrine JM, Bertsch PM (2011) Evidence for biomagnification o f gold nanoparticles within a terrestrial food chain Environ Sci Technol 45: 776-781 Kuriyama R, Sakai H (1974) Role o f tubulin-SH group in polymerization to microtubules JBiochem 16: 651-654 Kahru A, Savolainen K (2010) Potential hazard o f nanoparticles: from properties to biological and environmental effects Toxicology 269: 89-91 Kalnitskii BD (1985) Khoang vo co chan nuoi NXB Agropromizdat Leningrad, 207 p Kang S, Mauter MS, Elimelech M (2009) Microbial cytotoxicity o f carbon based nanomaterials: implications for river water and wastewater effluent Environ Sci Technol 43(7): 2648-2653 Khodakovskaya M, de Silva K, Biris AS, Dervishi E, Villagarcia H (2012) Carbon nanotubes induce growth enhancement o f tobacco cells ACS Nano 6: 2128-2135 Khodakovskaya M, Dervishi E, Mahmood M, Xu Y, Li Z, Watanabe F, Biris AS (2009) Carbon nanotubes are able to penetrate plant seed coat and dramatically affect seed germination and plant growth ACS Nano 3: 3221-3227 Landa P, Vankova R, Andrlova J, Hodek J, Marsik P, Storchova H, White JC, Vanek T (2012) Nanoparticlespecific changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression after exposure to ZnO, T i02, and fullerene soot J Hazard Mater 241-242: 55-62 Lee WM, An YJ, Yoon H, Kweon HS (2008) Toxicity and bioavailability o f copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum): Plant agar test for water-insoluble nanoparticles Environ Toxicol Chem 27: 1915-1921 Lin C, Fugetsu B, Su Y, Watari F (2009a) Studies on toxicity o f multi-walled carbon nanotubes on Arabidopsis T87 suspension cells J Hazard Mater 170: 578-583 Lin D, Xing B (2007) Phytotoxicity o f nanoparticles: Inhibition o f seed germination and root growth Environ Pollut 150(2): 243-50 Khodakovskaya MV, de Silva K, Nedosekin DA et al (2010) Complex genetic, photothermal, and photoacoustic analysis o f nanoparticles-plant interactions Ed David Chandler, Univ Caliphomia, Berkley, 1-6 Lin S, Reppert J, Hu Q, Hudson JS, Reid ML, Ratnikova TA, Rao AM, Luo H, Ke PC (2009b) Uptake, translocation, and transmission o f carbon nanomaterials in rice plants Small 5: 1128-1132 Khodakovskaya MV, Kim B-S, Kim JN et al (2013) Carbon nanotubes as plant growth regulators: Effects on tomato growth, reproductive system, and soil microbial community Small 9: 115-123 Lopez-Moreno ML, De La Rosa G, Hemandez-Viezcas JA, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2010a) X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) corroboration o f the uptake and storage o f C e02 nanoparticles and assessment o f their differential toxicity in four edible plant species J Agric Food Chem 58: 3689-3693 Klaine SJ, Alvarez PJJ, Batley GE, Fernandes TF, Handy RD, Lyon DY, Mahendra S, McLaughlin MJ, Lead JR (2008) Nanomaterials in the environment behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects Environ Toxicol Chem 27: 1825-1851 Kole C, Kole P, Randunu KM, Choudhary P, Podila R, Ke PC, Rao AM, Marcus RK (2013) Nanobiotechnology can boost crop production and quality: first evidence from increased plant biomass, fruit yield and phytomedicine content in bitter melon (Momordica charantia) BMC Biotechnol 13: 37 Kumari M, Mukherjee A, Chadrasekaran N (2009) Genotoxicity o f silver nanoparticle in Allium cepa Sci Total Environ 407: 5243-5246 Lopez-Moreno ML, De La Rosa G, Hemandez-Viezcas JA, Castillo-Michel H, Botez CE, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2010b) Evidence o f the differential biotransformation and genotoxicity o f ZnO and C e02 nanoparticles on soybean ( Glycine max) plants Environ Sci Technol 44: 7315-7320 Lu X , Liu Y, Kong X, Lobie PE, Chen C, Zhu T (2013) Nanotoxicity: a growing need for study in the endocrine system Small 9(9-10): 1654-1671 Lyon DY, Adams LK, Falkner JC, Alvarez PJ (2006) Antibacterial activity o f fullerene water suspensions: effects o f preparation method and particle size Environ Sci Technol 40, 4360-4366 Kureneva VP, Egorov IA, Fedorov YI, Gluschenko NN (1984) Ispolzovanie vysokodispersnykh metallov v sostave premiksov i kombikormov dlya broilerov Novoe v kormlenii i soderjanii selsko-khozaistvennykh ptits Zagorsk, 25 p Ma X, Geiser-Lee J, Deng Y, Kolmakov A (2010) Interactions between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and plants: phytotoxicity, uptake and accumulation Sci Total Environ 408: 3053-3061 Kurepa J, Paunesku T, Vogt S, Arora H, Rabatic BM, Lu J, Wanzer MB, Woloschak GE, Smalle JA (2010) Uptake Moore MN (2006) Do nanoparticles present ecotoxicological risk for the health o f the aquatic 13 Le Thi Thu Hien environment? Environ Int 32: 967-976 Sci Technol 41: 5582-5588 Musante C, White JC (2010) Toxicity o f silver and copper to Cucurbita pepo: Differential effects o f nano and bulksize particles Environ ToxicolDOl 10.1002/tox Parsons JG, Lopez ML, Gonzalez CM, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2010) Toxicity and biotransformation o f uncoated and coated nickel hydroxide nanoparticles on mesquite plants Environ Toxicol Chem 29: 1146-1154 Miihling M, Bradford A, Readman JW, Somerfield PJ, Handy RD (2009) An investigation into the effects o f silver nanoparticles on antibiotic resistance o f naturally occurring bacteria in an estuarine sediment Mar Environ Res 68: 278-283 Perez S, la Farre M, Barcelo D (2009) Analysis, behavior and ecotoxicity o f carbonbased nanomaterials in the aquatic environment Trends Analyt Chem 28: 820-832 Nabeel KA (2011) Using silver nano-particles to increase efficiency o f sterile solution for in vitro techniques Iraqi Journal o f Cancer and Medical Genetics 4(1): 48-51 Phuoug Dinh Tam (2007) Co dinh thu tu DNA tren cam bien xac dinh virus Herpes, Proceeding IWNA, Vung Tau, Viet Nam Nair R, Varghese SH, Nair BG, Maekawa T, Yoshida Y, Kumar S (2010) Nanoparticle material delivery to plants Review Plant Sci 179: 154-163 Racuciu M, Creanga DE (2007) TMA-OH coated magnetic nanoparticles internalized in vegetal tissue Romanian Journal o f Physics 52: 395 Navarro E, Baun A, Behra R, Hartmann N B, Filser J, Miao AJ, Quigg A, Santschi PH, Sigg L (2008) Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity o f engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi Ecotoxicology 17: 372-386 Racuciu M, Creanga DE (2009a) Biocompatible magnetic fluid nanoparticles internalized in vegetal tissue Rom Journ Phys 54: 115-124 Nazarova A A (2009) Anh hucmg cua cac bot kim loai sieu phan tan Fe, Co va Cu len trang thai sinh ly cua dan gia sue a then ky bu sua Luan an Tien sy Sinh hoc Riazan N el A, Xia T, Madler L, Li N (2006) Toxic potential o f materials at the nanolevel Science 311: 622-627 Ngo QB, Dao TH, Nguyen HC, Tran XT, Nguyen TV, Khuu TD, Huynh TH (2014) Effects o f nanocrystalline powders (Fe, Co, and Cu) on the germination, growth, crop yield and product quality o f Soybean (DT-51) Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol 5: 15-16 Ngo QB, Nguyen HC, Dao TH, Tran XT, Khuu TD, Nguyen TTV, Huynh TH (2013) Effects o f metal nanopowders (Fe, Cu, Co) on the germination, growth and crop yield and product quality o f soybean (Vietnamese hybrid species DT-51) Proc 4th International Workshop on Nanotechnology and Application (IWNA 2013) - Vung Tau City, Vietnam, 14-16 Nov 2013, 296-299 Nguyen Cong Hao (2010) A new nanoparticle from bcyclodextrin-alginate as a drug delivery o f ketoprofen J Sci and Tech 48(4A): 702-705 Nguyen Thi Phircmg Phong (2011) Nghien cuu che tao dung dich Cu nano lam nguyen lieu che tao thuoc bao ve thuc vat khang va diet benh nam hong Corticium salmonicolor, benh phan trang Oidium Heveae tren cao su Bao cao de tai tinh Dong Nai Otero-Gonzalez L, Sierra-Alvarez R, Boitano S, Field JA (2012) Application and validation o f an impedance-based real time cell analyzer to measure the toxicity o f nanoparticles impacting human bronchial epithelial cells Environ Sci Technol 46(18): 10271-10278 Owen R, Handy RD (2007) Formulating the problems for environmental risk assessment o f nanomaterials Environ 14 Racuciu M, Creanga DE (2009b) Cytogenetical changes induced by -cyclodextrin coated nanoparticles in plant seeds Rom Journ Phys 54: 125-131 Racuciu M, Miclaus S, Creanga D (2009) The response of plant tissues to magnetic fluid and electromagnetic exposure Rom JBiophys 19: 73-82 Raun C, Lilum J (1992) Application o f micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tips in the rapid detection o f mutagenic environmental pollutants Chin J Environ Sci 4: 56-58 Rico CM, Majumdar S, Duarte-Gardea M, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2011) Interaction o f nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain J Agric Food Chem 59: 3485-3498 Roduner E (2006) Size matters: why nanomaterials are different Chem Soc Rev 35: 583-592 Ruffini CM, Roberto C (2009) Nanoparticles and higher plants Caryologia 62(2): 161-165 Shah V, Belozerova I (2008) Influence o f metal nanoparticles on the soil microbial community and germination o f Lettuce seeds Water Air Soil Pollution 197: 143-148 Shen CX, Zhang QF, Li JA, Bi FC, Yao N (2010) Induction o f programmed cell death in Arabidopsis and rice by single-wall carbon nanotubes Am J Bot 97: 16021609 Sheykhbaglou R, Sedghi M, Shishevan MT, Sharifi RS (2010) Effects o f nano-iron oxide particles on agronomic traits o f soybean Notulae Sci Biol 2: 112-113 Stampoulis D, Sinha SK, White JC (2009) Assaydependent phytotoxicity o f nanoparticles to plants Environ Sci Technol 43: 9473-9479 Tap chi Congnghe Sinh hoc 17(1): 1-15, 2019 Sudhakar R, Gowda KNN, Venu G (2001) Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells o f Allium cepa Cytologia 66: 235-239 Takahashi M, Nozoye T, Kitajima N, Fukuda N, Hokura A, Terada Y, Nakai I, Ishimaru Y, Kobayashi T, Nakanishi H, Nishizawa NK (2009) In vivo analysis o f metal distribution and expression o f metal transporters in rice seed during germination process by microarray and X-ray fluorescence imaging o f Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu Plant and Soil 325: 39-51 Tan XM, Fugetsu B (2007) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes interact with cultured rice cells: Evidence o f a self-defense response JBiomedNanotechnol 3: 285-288 Tan XM, Lin C, Fugetsu B (2009) Studies on toxicity o f multi-walled carbon nanotubes on suspension rice cells Carbon 47: 3479-3487 Thul ST, Sarangi BK, Pandey RA (2013) Nanotechnology in agroecosystem: Implications on plant productivity and its soil environment Expert Opin Environ Biol 2: Pham Thi Hoe, Nguyen Chi Mai, Le Quynh Lien, Ninh Khac Ban, Chau Van Minh, Nguyen Hoai Chau, Ngo Quoc Buu, Dao Trong Hien, Nguyen Tuong Van, Le Thi Thu Hien, Tran My Linh (2018) Germination responses o f soybean seeds to Fe, ZnO, Cu and Co APPLICATION ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS nanoparticle treatments 10.17957/IJAB/15.0670 Inter J Agric Biol DOf: Wang H, Kou X, Pei Z, Xiao JQ, Shan X, Xing B (2011) Physiological effects o f magnetite (F e304) nanoparticles on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita mixta) plants Nanotoxicology 5(1): 30-42 Watanabe T, Misawa S, Hiradate S, Osaki M (2008) Root mucilage enhances aluminum accumulation in Melastoma malabathricum, an aluminum accumulator Plant Signal Behavior 3: 603-605 Yang F, Liu C, Gao F, Su M, Wu X, Zheng L, Hong F, Yang P (2007) The improvement o f spinach growth by nano-anatase T i02 treatment is related to nitrogen photoreduction Biol Trace Elem Res 119: 77-88 Yuvaraj M, Subramanian KS (2015) Controlled-release fertilizer o f zinc encapsulated by a manganese hollow core shell Soil Sci Plant Nutr 61: 319-326 Zahra A, Abbas P, Reza E (2013) Effect o f nano-silver on stages o f plant growth and yield and composition o f essential oil o f Thymus kotschyanus Boiss & Hohen Afr J Agric Res 8(8): 707-710 Zhu H, Han J, Xiao JQ, Jin Y (2008) Uptake, translocation, and accumulation o f manufactured iron oxide by pumpkin plants J Environ Monit 10: 713-717 IN AGRICULTURE AND ITS SAFETY Le Thi Thu Hien1’2 1Institute o f Genome Research, Vietnam Academy o f Science and Technology 2Graduate Universty o f Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology SUMMARY Development and application o f nanomaterials in various fields o f daily life including food and feed processing, medicine, agriculture, and environmental protection have been conducted successfully in many countries all over the world In the agricultural sector, a number o f studies on bioactive nanomaterials have showed its positive effects on seed germination, plant growth and development, and the potential o f nanomaterials in pathogen detection and plant protection In the feed processing and aquaculture industries, nanomaterials are widely used as micronutrient delivery, growth promotion or wastewater treatment, etc The potential widespread uses o f nano products in agriculture have led to safety assessment o f biological systems and the environment including plants, animals, and microorganisms Scientists worldwide are concerned about the presence and characteristics o f nanoparticles in the enviroment, and its positive and negative effects In Vietnam, nanotechnology with numerous advantanges has been studied and applied in many fields o f human life However, there are several challenges faced during application o f nanomaterials in agriculture This review summarizes and analyzes the applications and effects o f nanomaterials on plants, animals, and microorganisms Understanding the interaction o f nanoparticles in soil, its potential toxicity to organisms, and functions in the ecosystem are important and necessary for the purpose o f reducing the potential risks and increasing the usage o f nanotechnology Keywords: Agriculture, bioactive, nanomaterial, nanoparticle, nanotechnology, safety assessment 15