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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Inequalities and Applications Volume 2011, Article ID 936428, 15 pages doi:10.1155/2011/936428 ResearchArticleBoundednessandNonemptinessofSolutionSetsforSet-ValuedVectorEquilibriumProblemswithan Application Ren-You Zhong, 1 Nan-Jing Huang, 1 andYeolJeCho 2 1 Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China 2 Department of Mathematics Education and the RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Yeol Je Cho, yjcho@gsnu.ac.kr Received 25 October 2010; Accepted 19 January 2011 Academic Editor: K. Teo Copyright q 2011 Ren-You Zhong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is devoted to the characterizations of the boundednessandnonemptinessofsolutionsetsforset-valuedvectorequilibriumproblems in reflexive Banach spaces, when both the mapping and the constraint set are perturbed by different parameters. By using the properties of recession cones, several equivalent characterizations are given for the set-valuedvectorequilibriumproblems to have nonempty and bounded solution sets. As an application, the stability ofsolution set for the set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem in a reflexive Banach space is also given. The results presented in this paper generalize and extend some known results in Fan and Zhong 2008, He 2007, and Zhong and Huang 2010. 1. Introduction Let X and Y be reflexive Banach spaces. Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X. Let F : K × K → 2 Y be a set-valued mapping with nonempty values. Let P be a closed convex pointed cone in Y with int P / ∅. The cone P induces a partial ordering in Y , which was defined by y 1 ≤ P y 2 if and only if y 2 − y 1 ∈ P. We consider the following set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem, denoted by SVEPF, K, which consists in finding x ∈ K such that F x, y ∩ − int P ∅, ∀y ∈ K. 1.1 2 Journal of Inequalities and Applications It is well known that 1.1 is closely related to the following dual set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem, denoted by DSVEPF, K, which consists in finding x ∈ K such that F y, x ⊂ −P , ∀y ∈ K. 1.2 We denote the solutionsetsof SVEPF, K and DSVEPF, K by S and S D , respectively. Let Z 1 ,d 1 and Z 2 ,d 2 be two metric spaces. Suppose that a nonempty closed convex set L ⊂ X is perturbed by a parameter u, which varies over Z 1 ,d 1 ,thatis,L : Z 1 → 2 X is a set-valued mapping with nonempty closed convex values. Assume that a set-valued mapping F : X × X → 2 Y is perturbed by a parameter v, which varies over Z 2 ,d 2 ,thatis,F : X × X × Z 2 → 2 Y . We consider a parametric set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem, denoted by SVEPF·, ·,v,Lu, which consists i n finding x ∈ Lu such that F x, y, v ∩ − int P ∅, ∀y ∈ L u . 1.3 Similarly, we consider the parameterized dual set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem, denoted by DSVEPF·, ·,v,Lu, which consists in finding x ∈ Lu such that F y, x, v ⊂ −P , ∀y ∈ L u . 1.4 We denote the solutionsetsof SVEPF·, ·,v,Lu and DSVEPF·, ·,v,Lu by Su, v and S D u, v, respectively. In 1980, Giannessi 1 extended classical variational inequalities to the case of vector-valued functions. Meanwhile, vector variational inequalities have been researched quite extensively see, e.g., 2. Inspired by the study ofvector variational inequalities, more general equilibriumproblems 3 have been extended to the case of vector-valued bifunctions, known as vectorequilibrium problems. It is well known that the vectorequilibrium problem provides a unified model of several problems, for example, vector optimization, vector variational inequality, vector complementarity problem, andvector saddle point problem see 4–9. In recent years, the vectorequilibrium problem has been intensively studied by many authors see, e.g., 1–3, 10–26 and the references therein. Among many desirable properties of the solutionsetsforvectorequilibrium problems, stability analysis ofsolution set is of considerable interest see, e.g, 27–33 and the references therein. Assuming that the barrier cone of K has nonempty interior, McLinden 34 presented a comprehensive study of the stability of the solution set of the variational inequality, when the mapping is a maximal monotone set-valued mapping. Adly 35, Adly et al. 36, and Addi et al. 37 discussed the stability of the solution set of a so-called semicoercive variational inequality. He 38 studied the stability of variational inequality problem with either the mapping or the constraint set perturbed in reflexive Banach spaces. Recently, Fan and Zhong 39 extended the corresponding results of He 38 to the case that the perturbation was imposed on the mapping and the constraint set simultaneously. Very recently, Zhong and Huang 40 studied the stability analysis for a class of Minty mixed variational inequalities in reflexive Banach spaces, when both the mapping and the constraint set are perturbed. They got a stability result for the Minty mixed variational inequality with Φ-pseudomonotone mapping in a reflexive Banach space, when both the mapping and the constraint set are perturbed by different parameters, which generalized and extended some known results in 38, 39. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 3 Inspired and motivated by the works mentioned above, in this paper, we further study the characterizations of the boundednessandnonemptinessofsolutionsetsforset-valuedvectorequilibriumproblems in reflexive Banach spaces, when both the mapping and the constraint set are perturbed. We present several equivalent characterizations for the vectorequilibrium problem to have nonempty and bounded solution set by using the properties of recession cones. As an application, we show the stability of the solution set for the set- valued vectorequilibrium problem in a reflexive Banach space, when both the mapping and the constraint set are perturbed by different parameters. The results presented in this paper extend some corresponding results of Fan and Zhong 39,He38, Zhong and Huang 40 from the variational inequality to the vectorequilibrium problem. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we recall some concepts in convex analysis and present some basic results. In Section 3, we present several equivalent characterizations for the set-valuedvectorequilibriumproblems to have nonempty and bounded solution sets. In Section 4, we give an application to the stability of the solutionsetsfor the set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem. 2. Preliminaries In this section, we introduce some basic notations and preliminary results. Let X be a reflexive Banach space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X. The symbols “ → ”and“” are used to denote strong and weak convergence, respectively. The barrier cone of K, denoted by barrK, is defined by barr K : x ∗ ∈ X ∗ :sup x∈K x ∗ ,x < ∞ . 2.1 The recession cone of K, denoted by K ∞ , is defined by K ∞ : { d ∈ X : ∃t n −→ 0, ∃x n ∈ K, t n x n d } . 2.2 It is known that for any given x 0 ∈ K, K ∞ { d ∈ X : x 0 λd ∈ K, ∀λ>0 } . 2.3 We give some basic properties of recession cones in the following result which will be used in the sequel. Let {K i } i∈I be any family of nonempty sets in X. Then i∈I K i ∞ ⊂ i∈I K i ∞ . 2.4 4 Journal of Inequalities and Applications If, in addition, i∈I K i / ∅ and each set K i is closed and convex, then we obtain an equality in the previous inclusion, that is, i∈I K i ∞ i∈I K i ∞ . 2.5 Let Φ : K → R ∪{∞} be a proper convex and lower semicontinuous function. The recession function Φ ∞ of Φ is defined by Φ ∞ x : lim t → ∞ Φ x 0 tx − Φ x 0 t , 2.6 where x 0 is any point in Dom Φ. Then it follows that Φ ∞ x : lim t → ∞ Φ tx t . 2.7 The function Φ ∞ · turns out to be proper convex, lower semicontinuous and so weakly lower semicontinuous with the property that Φ u v ≤ Φ u Φ ∞ v , ∀u ∈ Dom Φ,v∈ X. 2.8 Definition 2.1. A set-valued mapping G : K → 2 Y is said to be i upper semicontinuous at x 0 ∈ K if, for any neighborhood NGx 0 of Gx 0 , there exists a neighborhood Nx 0 of x 0 such that G x ⊂N G x 0 , ∀x ∈N x 0 ; 2.9 ii lower semicontinuous at x 0 ∈ K if, for any y 0 ∈ Gx 0 and any neighborhood Ny 0 of y 0 , there exists a neighborhood Nx 0 of x 0 such that G x N y 0 / ∅, ∀x ∈N x 0 . 2.10 We say G is continuous at x 0 if it is both upper and lower semicontinuous at x 0 ,and we say G is continuous on K if it is both upper and lower semicontinuous at every point of K. It is evident that G is lower semicontinuous at x 0 ∈ K if and only if, for any sequence {x n } with x n → x 0 and y 0 ∈ Gx 0 , there exists a sequence {y n } with y n ∈ Gx n such that y n → y 0 . Definition 2.2. A set-valued mapping G : K → 2 Y is said to be weakly lower semicontinuous at x 0 ∈ K if, for any y 0 ∈ Gx 0 andfor any sequence {x n }∈K with x n x 0 , there exists a sequence y n ∈ Gx n such that y n → y 0 . Journal of Inequalities and Applications 5 We say G is weakly lower semicontinuous on K if it is weakly lower semicontinuous at every point of K.ByDefinition 2.2, we know that a weakly lower semicontinuous mapping is lower semicontinuous. Definition 2.3. A set-valued mapping G : K → 2 Y is said to be i upper P-convex on K if for any x 1 and x 2 ∈ K, t ∈ 0, 1, tG x 1 1 − t G x 2 ⊂ G tx 1 1 − t x 2 P; 2.11 ii lower P-convex on K if for any x 1 and x 2 ∈ K, t ∈ 0, 1, G tx 1 1 − t x 2 ⊂ tG x 1 1 − t G x 2 − P. 2.12 We say that G is P-convex if G is both upper P-convex and lower P-convex. Definition 2.4. Let {A n } be a sequence ofsets in X. We define ω-lim sup n →∞ A n : { x ∈ X : ∃ { n k } ,x n k ∈ A n k such that x n k x } . 2.13 Lemma 2.5 see 36. Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X with intbarrK / ∅.Then there exists no sequence {x n }⊂K such that x n →∞and x n /x n 0. Lemma 2.6 see 39. Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X with intbarrK / ∅.Then there exists no sequence {d n }⊂K ∞ with each d n 1 such that d n 0. Lemma 2.7 see 39. Let Z, d be a metric space and u 0 ∈ Z be a given point. Let L : Z → 2 X be a set-valued mapping with nonempty values and let L be upper semicontinuous at u 0 . Then there exists a neighborhood U of u 0 such that Lu ∞ ⊂ Lu 0 ∞ for all u ∈ U. Lemma 2.8 see 41. Let K be a nonempty convex subset of a Hausdorff topological vector space E and G : K → 2 E be a set-valued mapping from K into E satisfying the following properties: i G is a KKM mapping, that is, for every finite subset A of K, coA ⊂ x∈A Gx; ii Gx is closed in E for every x ∈ K; iii Gx 0 is compact in E for some x 0 ∈ K. Then x∈K Gx / ∅. 3. BoundednessandNonemptinessofSolutionSets In this section, we present several equivalent characterizations for the set-valuedvectorequilibrium problem to have nonempty and bounded solution set. First of all, we give some assumptions which will be used for next theorems. 6 Journal of Inequalities and Applications Let K be a nonempty convex and closed subset of X. Assume that F : K × K → 2 Y is a set-valued mapping satisfying the following conditions: f 0 for each x ∈ K, Fx, x0; f 1 for each x, y ∈ K, Fx, y ∩ − int P ∅ implies that Fy, x ⊂ −P; f 2 for each x ∈ K, Fx, · is P-convex on K; f 3 for each x ∈ K, Fx, · is weakly lower semicontinuous on K; f 4 for each x, y ∈ K,theset{ξ ∈ x, y : Fξ, y − int P∅} is closed, here x, y stands for the closed line segment joining x and y. Remark 3.1. If F x, y Ax, y − x Φ y − Φ x , ∀x, y ∈ K, 3.1 where A:K → 2 X ∗ is a set-valued mapping, Φ : K → R {∞} is a proper, convex, lower semicontinuous function and P R , then condition f 1 reduces to the following Φ-pseudomonotonicity assumption which was used in 40. See 40 , Definition 2.2iii of 40: for all x, x ∗ , y,y ∗ in the graphA, x ∗ ,y− x Φ y − Φ x ≥ 0 ⇒ y ∗ ,y− x Φ y − Φ x ≥ 0. 3.2 Remark 3.2. If, for each y ∈ K, the mapping F·,y is lower semicontinuous in K, then condition f 4 is fulfilled. Indeed, for each x, y ∈ K andfor any sequence {ξ n }⊂{ξ ∈ x, y : Fξ, y − int P∅} with ξ n → ξ 0 , we have ξ 0 ∈ x, y and Fξ 0 ,y − int P∅.By the lower semicontinuity of F·,y, for any z ∈ Fξ 0 ,y, there exists z n ∈ Fξ n ,y such that z n → z. Since Fξ n ,y − int P∅, we have z n ∈ Y \ − int P and so z ∈ Y \ − int P by the closedness of Y \ − int P. This implies that Fξ 0 ,y − int P∅ and the set {ξ ∈ x, y : Fξ, y − int P∅} is closed. The following example shows that conditions f 0 –f 4 can be satisfied. Example 3.3. Let X R, Y R 2 , P R 2 and K 1, 2.Let F x, y y − x, 1, 1 x y − x , ∀x, y ∈ K. 3.3 It is obvious that f 0 holds. Since for each x, y ∈ K, Fx, · and F·,y are lower semicontinuous on K,byRemark 3.2, we known that conditions f 3 and f 4 hold. For each x, y ∈ K,ifFx, y ∩ −R 2 ∅, then we have y − x ≥ 0. This implies that F y, x x − y, 1, 1 y x − y ⊂ −R 2 3.4 and so f 1 holds. Moreover, for each x ∈ K, y 1 ,y 2 ∈ K and t 1 ,t 2 ∈ 0, 1 with t 1 t 2 1, it is easy to verify that F x, t 1 y 1 t 2 y 2 t 1 F x, y 1 t 2 F x, y 2 3.5 Journal of Inequalities and Applications 7 which shows that Fx, · is R 2 -convex on K and so f 2 holds. Thus, F satisfies all conditions f 0 –f 4 . Theorem 3.4. Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X and F : K × K → 2 Y be a set-valued mapping satisfying assumptions f 0 -f 4 .ThenS S D . Proof. From the assumption f 1 , it is easy to see that S ⊂ S D . We now prove that S D ⊂ S.Let x ∈ S D . Then for all y ∈ K, Fy, x ⊂ −P.Setx t x ty − x, where t ∈ 0, 1. Clearly, x t ∈ K. From the upper P -convexity of Fx, ·, we have 1 − t F x t ,x tF x t ,y ⊂ F x t ,x t P. 3.6 Since Fx t ,x ⊂ −P,weobtain tF x t ,y ⊂− 1 − t F x t ,x 0 P ⊂ P P ⊂ P. 3.7 This implies that Fx t ,y ⊂ P and so Fx t ,y ∩ − int P∅. Letting t → 0 , by assumption f 4 , we have Fx, y ∩ − int P∅.Thus,x ∈ S and S D ⊂ S. This completes the proof. Theorem 3.5. Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X and F : K × K → 2 Y be a set-valued mapping satisfying assumptions f 0 –f 4 . If the solution set S is nonempty, then S ∞ S D ∞ R 1 : y∈K d ∈ K ∞ : F y, y λd ⊂ −P , ∀λ>0 . 3.8 Proof. From the proof of Theorem 3.4, we know that S S D x ∈ K : F y, x ⊂ −P , ∀y ∈ K y∈K x ∈ K : F y, x ⊂ −P . 3.9 Let S y {x ∈ X : Fy, x ⊂ −P}. Then S S D y∈K K ∩ S y . By the assumptions f 2 and f 3 , we know that the set S y is nonempty closed and convex. It follows from 2.5 and Theorem 3.4 that S ∞ S D ∞ ⎛ ⎝ y∈K K ∩ S y ⎞ ⎠ ∞ y∈K K ∩ S y ∞ y∈K K ∞ ∩ S y ∞ y∈K d ∈ K ∞ : d ∈ S y ∞ y∈K d ∈ K ∞ : y λd ∈ S y , ∀λ>0 y∈K d ∈ K ∞ : F y, y λd ⊂−P, ∀λ>0 . 3.10 Then this completes the proof. 8 Journal of Inequalities and Applications Remark 3.6. If F y, x Ay, x − y Φ x − Φ y , ∀x, y ∈ K, 3.11 where A : K → 2 X ∗ is a set-valued mapping, Φ : K → R {∞} is a proper, convex, lower semicontinuous function and P R , then it follows from 3.8 and 2.8 that S D ∞ y∈K d ∈ K ∞ : F y, y λd ⊂ −P , ∀λ>0 K ∞ ∩ d ∈ X : y ∗ ,y λd − y Φ y λd − Φ y ≤ 0, ∀y ∈ K, y ∗ ∈ A y , ∀λ>0 K ∞ ∩ d ∈ X : y ∗ ,d Φ ∞ d ≤ 0, ∀y ∗ ∈ A K . 3.12 Thus,weknowthatTheorem 3.5 is a generalization of 40, Theorem 3.1. Moreover, by 40, Remark 3.1, Theorem 3.5 is also a generalization of 38, Lemma 3.1. Theorem 3.7. Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of X and F : K × K → 2 Y be a set- valued mapping satisfying assumptions f 0 –f 4 . Suppose that intbarrK / ∅. Then the following statements are equivalent: i the solution set of SVEPF, K is nonempty and bounded; ii the solution set of DSVEPF, K is nonempty and bounded; iii R 1 y∈K {d ∈ K ∞ : Fy, y λd ⊂ −P, ∀λ>0} {0}; iv there exists a bounded set C ⊂ K such that for every x ∈ K \ C, there exists some y ∈ C such that Fy, x / ⊂−P. Proof. The implications i⇔ii and ii⇒iii follow immediately from Theorems 3.4 and 3.5 and the definition of recession cone. Now we prove that iii implies iv.Ifiv does not hold, then there exists a sequence {x n }⊂K such that for each n, x n ≥n and Fy, x n ⊂ −P for every y ∈ K with y≤n. Without loss of generality, we may assume that d n x n /x n weakly converges to d. Then d ∈ K ∞ by the definition of the recession cone. Since intbarrK / ∅,byLemma 2.5,weknow that d / 0. Let y ∈ K and λ>0 be any fixed points. For n sufficiently large, by the lower P-convexity of Fy, ·, F y, 1 − λ x n y λ x n x n ⊂ 1 − λ x n F y, y λ x n F y, x n − P ⊂ 0 − P − P ⊂−P. 3.13 Since 1 − λ x n y λ x n x n y λd 3.14 and Fy,· is weakly lower semicontinuous, we know that Fy, y λd ⊂−P and so d ∈ R 1 . However, it contradicts the assumption that R 1 {0}.Thusiv holds. Journal of Inequalities and Applications 9 Since i and ii are equivalent, it remains to prove that iv implies ii.LetG : K → 2 K be a set-valued mapping defined by G y : x ∈ K : F y, x ⊂ −P , ∀y ∈ K. 3.15 We first prove that Gy is a closed subset of K. Indeed, for any x n ∈ Gy with x n → x 0 , we have Fy, x n ⊂ −P . It follows from the weakly lower semicontinuity of Fy, · that Fy, x 0 ⊂ −P. This shows that x 0 ∈ Gy and so Gy is closed. We next prove that G is a KKM mapping from K to K. Suppose to the contrary that there exist t 1 ,t 2 , ,t n ∈ 0, 1 with t 1 t 2 ··· t n 1, y 1 ,y 2 , ,y n ∈ K and y t 1 y 1 t 2 y 2 ··· t n y n ∈ co{y 1 ,y 2 , ,y n } such that y/∈∪ i∈{1,2, ,n} Gy i . Then F y i , y / ⊂ −P ,i 1, 2, ,n. 3.16 By assumption f 1 , we have F y, y i ∩ − int P / ∅,i 1, 2, ,n. 3.17 It follows from the upper P -convexity of F y, · that t 1 F y, y 1 t 2 F y, y 2 ··· t n F y, y n ⊂ F y, y P ⊂ P, 3.18 which is a contradiction with 3.17. Thus we know that G is a KKM mapping. We may assume that C is a bounded closed convex set otherwise, consider the closed convex hull of C instead of C.Let{y 1 , ,y m } be finite number of points in K and let M : coC ∪{y 1 , ,y m }. Then the reflexivity of the space X yields that M is weakly compact convex. Consider the set-valued mapping G defined by G y : Gy ∩ M for all y ∈ M. Then each G y is a weakly compact convex subset of M and G is a KKM mapping. We claim that ∅ / y∈M G y ⊂ C. 3.19 Indeed, by Lemma 2.8, intersection in 3.19 is nonempty. Moreover, if there exists some x 0 ∈ y∈M G y but x 0 /∈ C, t hen by iv, we have Fy, x 0 / ⊂−P for some y ∈ C.Thus,x 0 /∈ Gy and so x 0 /∈ G y, which is a contradiction to the choice of x 0 . Let z ∈ y∈M G y. Then z ∈ C by 3.19 and so z ∈ m i1 Gy i ∩ C. This shows that the collection {Gy ∩ C : y ∈ K} has finite intersection property. For each y ∈ K, it follows from the weak compactness of Gy ∩ C that y∈K Gy ∩ C is nonempty, which coincides with the solution set of DSVEPF, K. Remark 3.8. Theorem 3.7 establishes the necessary and sufficient conditions for the vectorequilibrium problem to have nonempty and bounded solution sets. If F y, x Ay, x − y Φ x − Φ y , ∀x, y ∈ K, 3.20 10 Journal of Inequalities and Applications where A : K → 2 X ∗ is a set-valued mapping, Φ : K → R {∞} is a proper, convex, lower semicontinuous function and P R , then problem 1.2 reduces to the following Minty mixed variational inequality: finding x ∈ K such that y ∗ ,y− x Φ y − Φ x ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ K, y ∗ ∈ A y , 3.21 which was considered by Zhong and Huang 40. Therefore, Theorem 3.7 is a generalization of 40, Theorem 3.2. Moreover, by 40, Remark 3.2, Theorem 3.7 is also a generalization of Theorem 3.4 due to He 38. Remark 3.9. By using a asymptotic analysis methods, many authors studied the necessary and sufficient conditions for the nonemptinessandboundednessof the solutionsets to variational inequalities, optimization problems, andequilibrium problems, we refer the reader to references 42–49 for more details. 4. An Application As an application, in this section, we will establish the stability ofsolution set for the set- valued vectorequilibrium problem when the mapping and the constraint set are perturbed by different parameters. Let Z 1 ,d 1 and Z 2 ,d 2 be two metric spaces. F : X × X × Z 2 → 2 Y is a set-valued mapping satisfying the following assumptions: f 0 for each u ∈ Z 1 , v ∈ Z 2 , x ∈ Lu, Fx, x, v0; f 1 for each u ∈ Z 1 , v ∈ Z 2 , x, y ∈ Lu, Fx, y, v∩− int P∅ implies that Fy, x, v ⊂ −P; f 2 for each u ∈ Z 1 , v ∈ Z 2 , x ∈ Lu, Fx, ·,v is P-convex on Lu; f 3 for each u ∈ Z 1 ,v ∈ Z 2 , x, y ∈ Lu and z ∈ Fx, y, v, for any sequences {x n }, {y n } and {v n } with x n → x, y n yand v n → v, there exists a sequence {z n } with z n ∈ Fx n ,y n ,v n such that z n → z. The following Theorem 4.1 plays an important role in proving our results. Theorem 4.1. Let Z 1 ,d 1 and Z 2 ,d 2 be two metric spaces, u 0 ∈ Z 1 and v 0 ∈ Z 2 be given points. 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Corporation Journal of Inequalities and Applications Volume 2011, Article ID 936428, 15 pages doi:10.1155/2011/936428 Research Article Boundedness and Nonemptiness of Solution Sets for Set-Valued Vector Equilibrium. to the characterizations of the boundedness and nonemptiness of solution sets for set-valued vector equilibrium problems in reflexive Banach spaces, when both the mapping and the constraint set. study the characterizations of the boundedness and nonemptiness of solution sets for set-valued vector equilibrium problems in reflexive Banach spaces, when both the mapping and the constraint set