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ABSTRACT In the era of global economic integration, it is necessary for all countries to business with each other and commercial contracts are increasingly signed with foreign partners Therefore, HT International Services and Trading Company Limited is struggling to create the best language bridge in order to meet social demands As a result of this, the study is conducted with the view to identifying difficulties of all translators at Translating and Interpreting Department in translating English Commercial Contracts into Vietnamese From that, the researcher gives some recommendations and suggestions to overcome them The questionnaire is the major method in this study and participants are the entire translators at Translating and Interpreting Department of HT International Services and Trading Company Limited The study is expected to bring useful knowledge for all translators in the company as well as people interested in translation Key words: Translation, Specialization, English Commercial Contracts, Translating difficulties i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On the completion of this study, I have received great deal of assistances, guidance and encouragements from many people First of all, I would like to deliver my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Mrs Tra My, Lecturer of English Faculty at Thuongmai University, for her wholehearted guidance and support Without her valuable recommendations, advice and ii correction, this study cannot come to an end I also take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all my lecturers of English Faculty at Thuongmai University, who have thoughtfully trained me in the last four years I owe my debt of gratitude to Mrs Nguyen Thi Hang, the Director of HT International Services and Trading Co., Ltd who creates me favourable conditions to work at the company I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to Mr Phan Duc Hop, the clerical staff at HT International Services and Trading Co., Ltd for providing me with necessary documents as well as Ms Nguyen Thi Huong, Ms Bui Thi Huong Giang and Ms Tran Thi Trang, the translators at the company for transferring me their specialized knowledge and experiences in translation Finally, my special thanks also go to my classmates and friends for their assistances and encouragements iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale of the study .1 1.2 Previous study 1.3 Aim of the study .4 1.4 Research subject 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Research methodology 1.7 Organization of the study .5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW iv 2.1 Translation .7 2.1.1 Definition .7 2.1.2 Translation methods 2.1.2.1 Word- for- word translation 2.1.2.2 Literal translation .9 2.1.2.3 Faithful translation .9 2.1.2.4 Semantic translation 2.1.2.5 Idiomatic translation 10 2.1.2.6 Free translation 10 2.1.2.7 Communicative translation .10 2.1.2.8 Adaptation 11 2.1.3 Translation procedures .11 2.1.3.1 Transference 12 2.1.3.2 Naturalization 12 2.1.3.3 Through - translation 12 v 2.1.3.4 Shift or transposition 13 2.1.3.5 Modulation 13 2.1.3.6 Cultural equivalent 13 2.1.3.7 Functional equivalent 14 2.1.3.8 Descriptive equivalent .14 2.1.4 English- Vietnamese translation 14 2.1.4.1 Some common mistakes in translating English into Vietnamese 14 2.1.4.2 How to avoid translation mistakes and some useful techniques for English- Vietnamese and Vietnamese- English translation 15 2.2 Contract 16 2.2.1 Definition .16 2.2.2 Classification .17 2.2.3 Commercial contract 18 2.2.3.1 Definition 18 2.2.3.2 Characteristics 18 2.2.3.3 Commercial contract form 18 vi 2.3 Difficulties in translating 22 2.3.1 Language structure .22 2.3.2 Idioms and expressions .22 2.3.3 Compound words 23 2.3.4 Missing name .23 2.3.5 Two- word verbs 23 2.3.6 Multiple meanings .23 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH FINDINGS 24 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 34 4.1 Some solutions to overcome difficulties with the aim of improving the translating skill and bringing good CC translation at Translating and Interpreting Department of HT International Services and Trading Co., Ltd 34 4.1.1 Some solutions to translators 34 4.1.2 Some solutions to HT International Services and Trading Co., Ltd 35 4.2 Some suggestions for the further research 36 vii CONCLUSION 38 REFERENCE 39 APPENDIX 40 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CCs Commercial Contracts CC Commercial Contract Co., Ltd Company Limited HT International Services and HT Company Trading Company Limited SL Source Language TL Text Language ST Source Text viii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Name Content Table 2.1 Types of contract (according to Laws of Business) Figure 3.1 Experience in translating of translators at HT Company Figure 3.2 Working time of translators in the company Frequency of translating English CCs at Translating and Figure 3.3 Interpreting Department Self- evaluation about translating skill of translators at Figure 3.4 Translating and Interpreting Department Figure 3.5 Some difficulties faced by translators in HT Company Table 3.6 Some nouns belonging to the highly technical terminology Table 3.7 Archaic adverbs frequently appearing in CCs Table 3.8 Common preposition phrases in HT’s CCs Some factors affecting the quality of English CC Figure 3.9 translation Table 3.10 Acronyms Self- studying time of translators at Translating and Figure 3.11 Interpreting Department The number of translators used to attend the translation Figure 3.12 course ix CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale of the study The economy is one of the vital pillars proving a country’s position in the international arena Therefore, every country, including Vietnam, considers it top priority to develop the economy Thanks to the open- door policy and the international economic integration, Vietnam has become a developing country with the triumphs in various fields, specifically in the field of economy The faster the economy grows, the faster the trade between Vietnam and other countries develops The faster the trade develops, the more frequently CCs, an indispensable trade tool, are employed The CCs not only represent a line of defence that companies utilize to safeguard their interests and businesses, but they also form a mutually beneficial and win- win situation Honestly, in the modern life now, the importance of English cannot deny and ignore because of its popularity Especially, for a developing country like Vietnam, English is taught very early as well as many young people are aware of its importance for some reasons such as finding good jobs, communicating with the outside world, approaching the scientific resources they are interested in In the corporate environment, the most common and important language is English High
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