CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI VÀO 10 2022 2023 THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Hiện tại đơn Động từ tobe (+) S + is am are + O. () S + is am are + not + O. (?) Is am are + S + O? Động từ thường (+) S + Vinf s es + O. () S + do does + not + Vinf + O. (?) Do does + S + Vinf + O? Dấu hiệu Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never, … every (day week night month…) in the morning afternoon evening Hiện tại tiếp diễn (+) S + is am are + Ving + O. () S + is am are + not + Ving + O. (?) Is am are + S + Ving + O? Dấu hiệu Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, currently, at present, today, this week Các câu cảm thán: hurry up look Hiện tại hoàn thành (+) S + has have + Ved V3 + O. () S + has have + not + Ved V3 + O. (?) Has have + S + Ved V3 + O? Dấu hiệu just ever never already since + mốc thời gian since + QKĐ, HTHT for + khoảng thời gian so far, not ......yet, up to now, lately, before (cuối câu) twice, three times, many times Công thức chuyển đổi QKĐ HTHT 1. 4 câu đồng nghĩa: • The last time + S + V2ed...+ was + ktg + ago. (inwhen) • S + haven’t hasn’t + V3ed + sincefor + time. • S + last + V2ed + ktg + ago. (in + năm when + mđề) • It ishas been + time + since + S + (last) + V2ed. 2. Đây là lần đầu tiên làm gì: Đề: S + havehas + notnever + V3ed + before. → ThisIt is the first time + S + havehas + V3ed. 3. S + startedbegan + to VVing + ktg + ago. (inwhen...) = S + havehas + V3ed + for + ktg. (since + mtgmđề) Chú ý coi chừng đề nó bắt đổi sang thể bị động HTHT 4. When + did + S + startbegin + to VVing...? = How long + havehas + S + V3ed...? = How long ago + did + S + startbegin + to VVing...? = How long is it since + S + V2ed...? 5. When + was the last time + S + V2ed...? = When + did + S + last + V1...? Quá khứ đơn Động từ tobe (+) S + was were + O. () S + was were + not + O. (?) Was were + S + O? Động từ thường (+) S + Ved V2 + O. () S + did not + Vinf + O. (?) Did + S + Vinf + O? Dấu hiệu Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ: yesterday, ago, last (week month year…) in + năm quá khứ When + QKĐ Quá khứ tiếp diễn (+) S + was were + Ving + O. () S + was were + not + Ving + O. (?) Was were + S + Ving + O? Dấu hiệu By + giờ + trạng từ trong quá khứ While + QKTD, QKTD (diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra song song cùng 1 lúc) When + QKĐ, QKTD While + QTTD, QKĐ (diễn tả 2 hd xảy ra, hd xảy ra trước chia QKTD, hd xảy ra sau chia QKĐ) Tương lai đơn (+) S + will + Vinf + O. () S + will not + Vinf + O. (?) Will + S + Vinf + O? Dấu hiệu Diễn tả một hành động thường quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai: tomorrow, next (week month …), soon, in the future Các cụm từ: I hope think expect ... Các từ: probably perhaps Tương lai gần (+) S + is am are + going to + Vinf. () S + is am are + not + going to + Vinf. (?) Is am are + S + going to + Vinf? Dấu hiệu Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai Diễn tả dự đoán có căn cứ, bằng chứng ở hiện tại EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. I ____________ Nottingham Trent University now. A. am attending B. attend C. was attending D. attended 2. He has been selling motorcycles ____________. A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years 3. Columbus ____________ America more than 400 years ago. A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. he has gone 4. He fell down when he____________ towards the church. A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run 5. We were studying English when it____________ heavily. A. rains B. rained C. was raining D. will rain 6. The children ____________ pingpong at this time tomorrow. A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play 7. By this Christmas, I ____________ for you for 6 months. A. shall have been working B. shall work C. have been working D. shall be working 8. I ____________ in the room now. A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am 9. I ____________ to New York three times this year. A. have been B. was C. were D. had been 10. I will come and see you before I ____________ for America. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 11. The little girl asked what ____________ to her friend. A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened 12. John ____________ a book when I called. A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading 13. He said he ____________ before. A. returns B. returned C. has returned D. had returned 14. Jack ____________ school when he was 17. A. left B. leaves C. has left D. was left 15. They have been waiting for you ____________. A. since early morning B. since 9 a.m C. for two hours D. all are correct 16. My sister ____________ for you since yesterday. A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked 17. Sam ____________ the door recently. A. has painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting 18. The train ____________ half an hour ago. A. has been leaving B. left C. has lelt D. had lelt 19. We ____________ him since last Sunday. A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen 20. We were playing the guitar while our father ____________ in his room. A. works B. is working C. was working D. has been working Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. This is the first time he visited Ha Long Bay. He has 2. She started working here last year. She has 3. We began eating lunch when it started to rain. We have 4. I last had my hair cut when she left me. I haven’t 5. The last time he met me was 5 months ago. He hasn’t 6. It is a long time since we last met. We haven’t 7. When did you have this computer? How long 8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal. I haven’t 9. I haven’t gone to work for a month. The last 10. I haven’t talked to him for 5 days. It is 11. We last celebrated Christmas 2 years ago. We 12. Linda hasn’t had her teeth checked since last year. The last 13. Michelle began to collect stamps in 2015. Michelle 14. When did they start opening this shopping center? How 15. I haven’t been to the zoo for over the year. The last time 16. She began to play tennis 2 years ago. She has 17. She began to play tennis in 1990. She has 18. It began to rain 3 hours ago. It 19. It began to rain at 3:30. It 20. This is the first time she has seen the film. She has 21. This is the second time she has seen the film. She has 22. He has not swum for 5 years. It 23. She has not gone out for 3 weeks. It 24. We have not jogged for 2 months. The last 25. We have not jogged since August. The last THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Câu bị động ở các thì Chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Active : Subject + Verb + Object Passive : Subject + Verb + by Object (tobe + Ved V3) Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động • Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động. • Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động rồi chuyển động từ về thể bị động theo công thức (tobe + Ved V3). • Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía trước. Bảng quy đổi các thì ở thể bị động Tenses Passive (Bị động) 1. Simple Present S + be + V3ed + by + O 2. Present Continuous S + amisare + being + V3ed + by + O 3. Present Perfect S + hashave + been + V3ed + by + O 4. Simple Past S + waswere + V3ed + by + O 5. Past Continuous S + waswere + being + V3ed + by + O 6. Simple Future S + will + be + V3ed + by + O 7. Be + going to S + amisare + going to + be + V3ed + by + O 8. Modal Verbs S + modal verb + be + V3ed + by + O Note Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O Trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O E.g: He was showed to the cinema by an old man He was showed to the cinema by an old man yesterday Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định. E.g: Nobody likes him He isn’t liked Các chủ từ Someone, Anyone, People, He, She, We, You, I, They …trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động E.g: We grew rice last year Rice was grown (by us) last year Câu bị động với động từ chỉ sự nhờ vả, sai khiến MAKE Chủ động: make + O + V1 The teacher made his students do all the homework. Bị động: be + made + TO_V The students were made to do all the homework by the teacher. HAVE Chủ động: have + O (người) + V1 They had the mechanic repair their car. Bị động: have + O (vật) + V3ed They had the car repaired by the mechanic. GET Chủ động: get + O (người) + TO_V They got the mechanic to repair their car. Bị động: get + O (vật) + V3ed They got the car repaired by the mechanic. Ex 1: Thomas has his son buy a cup of coffee. Thomas has a cup of coffee bought by his son. Ex 2: Shally got her husband to clean the kitchen for her. Shally got the kitchen cleaned by her husband. Ex 3: Suzy makes the hairdresser cut her hair. The hairdresser is made to cut the hair by Suzy. EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. This house ________ in 1990 by my grandfather. A. is built B. was built C. built D. has built 2. My sister is going ________ this house. A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell 3. There’s a man behind us. I think we are ___________. A. being followed B. be followed C. followed D. following 4. Over 1.000 new houses _________ every year. Last year, 1.200 new houses ________. A. were built were built B. are built were built C. are building were built D. were built were being built 5. The next exam __________ in May. A. will hold B. will be held C. will be holding D. will have held 6. English is _________ all over the world. A. spoken B. speak C. speaks D. to speak 7. Have you _________ by a dog? A. ever bite B. ever bitten C. ever been bitten D. ever been bite 8. The house _________ since last week. A. bought B. has bought C. was bought D. has been bought 9. The homework _________ by Nam every day. A. is done B. does C. are done D. did 10. These exercise must __________ by my students. A. are finished B. finish C. be finished D. finishing 11. The photos in a Washington studio_________ last week. A. took B. have taken C. was taken D. were taken 12. The robbers_________ by the police since A. have arrested B. have been arrested C. was arrested D. had arrested 13. Dynamite_________ by Alfred Bernhard Nobel in the1860s. A. had been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented 14. This exercise may_________ with a blueink pen. A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write 15. Last night a tornado swept through Rockville. It_________ everything in its path. A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed 16. When the little boy_________ the car, he was badly injured. A. hit B. is hit by C. wash it by D. is hitting 17. Most forests in other climatic areas_________ by human beings. A. had already been affected B. have already been affecting C. have already affected D. have already been affected 18. The new highway_________ and built last year. A. planned B. had planned C. was planning D. was planned 19. _________ to you yet? A. Have the comic been given back B. Have the comic been give back C. Have the comic been gave back D. Have the comic being given back 20. As the patient could not walk, he_________ home in a wheelchair since this morning. A. has carried B. has been carried C. was carried D. was carrying Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. Passive of tenses 1. I clean the floor every day. The floor 2. My mother bought this dress this morning. This dress 3. She did this exercise two days ago. This exercise 4. They will send him abroad to study. He 5. She used this room. This room 6. Someone stole my bike yesterday. My bike 7. He received a letter from his parents. A letter 8. She will buy a new house. A new house 9. They aren’t building my house. My house 10. He could solve the math problem easily. The math problem 11. My mother waters these flowers every morning. These flowers 12. Nam invited Hoa to his birthday party last night. Hoe was 13. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. The dinner 14. We should clean our teeth twice a day. Our teeth 15. Our teacher has explained the problem carefully. The problem 16. They are going to buy this house. This house 17. He will visit his parents next month. His parents 18. The director didn’t phone the secretary this morning. The secretary 19. Nam broke the window yesterday morning. The window 20. They were doing the test at 3 p.m yesterday. The test 21. People speak French in many countries in Africa. French 22. They are constructing a new bridge over the river. A new bridge over the river 23. Someone has stolen my cassette player. My cassette player 24. They built this school in 1930. This school 25. When I came, they were preparing dinner. When I came, dinner 26. They offered him a suitable job. He 27. My mother bought me a new watch on my sixteenth birthday. I was 28. My mother bought a new watch for me on my sixteenth birthday. A new watch 29. The bill included service. Service 30. Robots will do housework in the future. Housework Causative active form 1. She told the police to catch the thief. She told 2. We shall ask John to give you this book. We shall ask 3. He had a mechanic repair his car engine. He had 4. Mary often asks the postman to mail her letter. Mary often asked 5. I will ask the painter to paint my house soon. I will ask 6. Mr. Green has told the electrician to repair his electric fan. Mr. Green has told 7. Alice is going to tell the manicurist to manicure her nails next Sunday. Alice is going to tell 8. The actress will ask the photographer to take some photos. The actress will ask 9. Mr. Pikes asked his students to cut their hair every month. Mr. Pikes asked 10. We must tell the painter to paint our room soon. We must tell Causative passive form 1. The mother has had her daughter make a dress. The mother 2. Did you have anyone paint the chair? Did you 3. The boss has had the servant wash his car. The boss 4. We have a carpenter make a desk. We 5. Mrs. Green had had May feed the cat. Mrs. Green had 6. Stepmother had Cinderella separate the rice from the husk. Stepmother 7. Please have someone carry my luggage to the airport. Please 8. Mr. Kim is going to have a tailor make a new shirt. Mr. Kim is 9. She is going to have the shoerepairman mend her shoes. She is 10. Mrs. Smith is going to have an eye specialist examine her eyes. Mrs. Smith is THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Những động từ theo sau bởi “V ing” Cấu trúc Nghĩa admit thú nhận làm gì deny phủ nhận làm gì avoid tránh làm gì delaypostponeput off hoãn lại làm gì hatedetestresent ghét làm gì enjoyfancy thích làm gì imagine tưởng tượng làm gì involve có liên quan làm gì keep cứ làm gì mention đề cập làm gì mind phiềnngại làm gì miss suýt, lỡ làm gì practice thực hành làm gì consider xem xét, cân nhắc làm gì suggest gợi ý làm gì finish hoàn thành làm gì recommend đề xuất làm gì be busy bận làm gì be worth đáng làm gì look forward to mong đợi làm gì feel like thíchmuốn làm gì there is no point in = it’s no usegood không đáng làm gì getbe accustomedused to quen làm gì spend time dành thời gian làm gì can’t helpstandbear không thể chịunhịn được Những động từ theo sau bởi “to V” Cấu trúc Nghĩa afford có đủ khả năng làm gì agree đồng ý làm gì appear hóa ra là ask yêu cầu làm gì decide quyết định làm gì demand yêu cầu làm gì expect mong muốn làm gì happen tình cờ làm gì hope hy vọng làm gì intend dự định làm gì manage xoay xở làm gì offer đề nghị làm gì prepare chuẩn bị làm gì promise hứa làm gì refuse từ chối làm gì seem dường như làm gì threaten dọa làm gì want muốn làm gì wish ước mơ làm gì would like muốn, thích làm gì asktell + O bảo ai đó làm gì compel + O bắt buộc ai làm gì consider + O xem xét ai làm gì expect + O mong đợi làm gì invite + O mời ai đó làm gì prefer + O muốn ai đó làm gì hơn remind + O nhắc nhở ai làm gì want + O muốn ai đó làm gì Những động từ theo sau bởi “V1” Make; let; had better; would rather; used to; have to; ought to; can could may might will should.... Lưu ý: Một số động từ đi với 2 trường hợp stop + Ving stop + toV Dừng hẳn Dừng làm việc khác He stopped smoking three years ago. He stopped to smoke a cigarette. try + Ving try + toV Thử Cố gắng You should try taking these tablets. You should try to study harder. forget remember + Ving regret Đã xảy ra I remember sending a postcard to my parents yesterday. forget remember + to V regret Hiện tại tương lai Dont forget to wash the dishes. Remember to send me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city. S (người) + need + to V = have to (Cần làm gì) You need to practise English every day. = You have to practise English every day. S (vật) + need + Ving to be V3ed Cần được … Your shirt needs washing. It smells. = Your shirt needs to be washed. EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. I enjoy_________ both tennis and badminton. A. watch B. watching C.to watch D.to have watched 2. I am keen on_________. A. fish B. fishing C. to fish D.to have fished 3. I love_________ English. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. B C are correct 4. I’m very glad_________ you. A .to meet B. meet C. meeting D.to be meeting 5. We stopped_________ goodbye A. say B. saying C. to have said D. to say 6. I’ll invite her_________ my children. A. teaching B. teach C.to teach D. to have taught 7. Let me _________ from you soon. A. to hear B. hear C. hearing D. heard 8. I look forward_________ from you. A. to hear B. hear C. to hearing D. being heard 9. Would you like_________ to the party? A. to come B. come C. coming D. to have come 10. The director agreed_________ the agreement. A. to sign B. sign C. signing D. to have signed 11. I promised_________ my parents. A. being obeyed B. obeying C. obey D. to obey 12. Ralph tried to avoid_________ my question about his test. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. to have answered 13. We have heard him_________ the guitar many times. A. played B. plays C. to play D. play 14. You had better_________ an umbrella. It’s going to rain heavily. A. take B. to take C. taking D. being taken 15. We decided to stay at home instead of_________ to the cinema. A. going B. go C. gone D. to go 16. It’s no use_________ him the truth because he’s too neglectful. A. telling B. tell C. to tell D. to have told 17. You might_________ to find out the solutions for this issue. A. wanted B.to want C. wanting D. want 18. Mike is interested in_________ stamps. A. collect B. collecting C.to collect D. collected 19. Do you consider_________ our friends on Sunday? A. inviting B. invited C.be invited D. to invite 20. I can’t stand_________ her cry every night. A. to have seen B. to see C. see D. seeing 21. It was very dangerous. We couldn’t risk _________ her alone. A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. left 22. They stopped __________ when the teacher came in. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. to talking 23. We let our son _______ up late at weekends. A. staying B. stay C. to stay D. stayed 24. The children were happy __________ their parents. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw 25. He’d rather _________ at home. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay 26. Nam is very humorous. His joke makes me ________ a lot. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed 27. They saw him _________ the agreement. A. sign B. to sign C. to signing D. signed 28. It’s necessary for her ________ back home before 10 p.m A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 29. I hate _________ a child _________. A. see crying B. see cry C. seeing to cry D. seeing cry 30. The boss allows ________ go home early. A. us to stay B. us stay C. us staying D. us to staying 31. I remember _________ him in Ho Chi Minh City. A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. to meeting 32. He avoids ___________ clothes at that shop. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying 33. The girls agreed __________ the cake equally. A. to be divided B. to divide C. dividing D. divide 34. I didn’t regret ________ a year travelling around the world. A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. to spending 35. David finished ________ his homework and then he went to the party with George and Bill. A. do B. to be done C. to do D. doing 36. Please don’t forget ________ the baby. She needs to eat every two hours. A. feeding B. fed C. to feed D. to be fed 37. Mr. Tim wants _______ to his office. A. that come B. you coming C. you come D. you to come 38. What about ________ for a walk? A. go B. going C. to go D. gone 39. He had better _______ this book again. A. to reading B. to read C. read D. to having read 40. She decided _______ to Ho Chi Minh City. A. to move B. moving C. have moved D. move THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Loại 1. (Có thể xảy ra trong tương lai) Conditional Sentence Type 1 If + S + V (hiện tại), S+ will wont + V (nguyên) Example: If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam. You will fail the exam if you don’t study hard. Lưu ý: (2 vế có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau, Nếu vế If đứng đầu giữa 2 vế có dấu phảy) Loại 2. (Không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại) Conditional Sentence Type 2 If + S + V (quá khứ), S+ would(not) + V (nguyên) If I had money, I would buy that car. Lưu ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, chỉ dùng “to be” là “WERE” Example: If I had much money, I would buy a new bicycle. If you practised English every day, you could speak it fluently. If I were you, I wouldnt behave like that. Người ta thường đưa ra tình huống hiện tại, Chúng ta phải viết câu điều kiện thì câu điều kiện đó là trái với hiện tại đó câu ĐK loại 2. Người ta thường đưa ra tình huống tương lai câu ĐK loại 1. Note + Đề cho () viết lại (+) và ngược lại + Nếu có because lấy mệnh đề sau because là mệnh đề “if” + Nếu có so, that’s why thì viết bình thường Example: I will go there. I will buy you a dog. If I go there, I will buy you a dog. I can’t go out because it is raining. If it weren’t raining, I could go out. Unless = If (not) (Nếu không trừ khi) Câu dùng với “Unless” trái ngược về thể khẳng định, phủ định ở một trong hai vế so với câu dùng với “If” Unless sẽ thế vào chỗ chữ If, bỏ not, vế kia giữ nguyên. Example: If you don’t speak loudly, he won’t hear. Unless you speak loudly, he won’t hear. EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. If the weather________ good tomorrow, we________ swimming. A. is go B. is will go C. will bego D. will be will go 2. If Tom were late again, he________ his job. A. loses B. lose C. will lose D. would lose 3. If I were offered the job, I think I________ it. A. take B. will take C. would take D. would have taken. 4. If he comes here, I________ it. A. make him do B. make him will do C. will make him do D. will make him will do 5. If she understands the lesson, she________ it well. A. will explain B. explain C. won’t explain D. explains 6. If I were in her place, I________ a trip to Singapore to visit you. A. will make B. had made C. made D. would make 7. If I________ you, I wouldn’t buy that ticket. A. am B. was C. were D. would be 8. If I had enough money, I________ abroad to boost my career. A. will learn B. should learn C. would learn D. should have learnt 9. If I didn’t want to go to the party, I________ go. A. don’t B. didn’t C. won’t D. wouldn’t 10. If you________ time, please write to me. A. have B. have had C. had D. has 11. Will you be angry if I________ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal 12. It’s impossible to pass the exam________ we study harder. A. in case B. unless C. if D. whether. 13. Kathy________ more if she________ more time. A. will read had B. would read has C. read had D. would read had 14. If the wall weren’t so high, I________ it up to take the ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb 15. If you________ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest you. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell 16. If I________ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. Would be 17. If she didn’t wear shabby clothes, she________ more goodlooking. A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be 18. All plants won’t grow________ there is enough water. A. if B. when C. unless D. as 19. Many workers would be out of work if that factory________ down. A. closes B. had closed C. closed D. would close 20. Grandparents would be disappointed if we________ to their 80th birthday party. A. hadn’t come B. wouldn’t come C. don’t come D. didn’t come Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. You must study hard or you may fail the exam. If you 2. Please come to us tomorrow and you will be happy. If you 3. Don’t smoke or you will suffer from lung cancer. Unless 4. Stop talking or you’ll be fined. Unless 5. Never disturb me or I will have you imprisoned. If you 6. Ba isn’t rich. He won’t travel around the world. If Ba 7. I’m not rich, so I can’t buy that house. If I 8. I can’t give you a ride because I don’t have a motorbike. If I 9. Water these plants or they will die. If you 10. Hurry up or we’ll be late for the concert. If we 11. Study hard or you’ll fail the exam. If you don’t 12. I don’t see you very often because you live so far. If you 13. I don’t have enough money, so I’m not going to buy that skirt. I’d 14. We don’t practice English very often. We cant communicate with foreigners. We 15. I cant meet you now. I have to work. If I 16. If you don’t wear helmet, you cant ride your bike. Unless 17. I would visit my grandpa, but it’s raining. If it 18. Youll miss your train unless you get up early If you 19. Come early, or else you wont find a seat. If you 20. Im not a doctor so I cant help you. If I 21. Nick cant find the way because he doesnt have a map. If Nick 22. Its a pity that I dont have enough money, so I cant buy that dress. If I 23. He has a lot of homework, so he can’t go out. If he 24. Because I don’t know her phone number, I am not able to call her. If I 25. Because he is not a millionaire, he can’t help poor people in his town. If he THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Wish type 1 (wish + would): Câu ao ước loại 1 S + wish(es) + S + would (not) + V1 Diễn tả một điều ước có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại họăc tương lai. (Dấu hiệu: one day, in the future, some day) Ex: I wish I would go to England one day. Wish type 2 (wish + past Simple): Câu ao ước loại 2 S + wish(es) + S + V2ed (nếu là be thi chia were) S + wish(es) + S + could + Vo Nếu là câu phủ định S + wish(es) + S + didn’t Vo were not. Diễn tả một điều ước không có thật, không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai. (Dấu hiệu: Các động từ ở hiện tại) CHUYÊN ĐỀ 04: CÂU ƯỚC Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. I wish that the weather__________ not so cold. A. be B. was C. are D. were 2. I don’t understand this point of grammar. I wish I__________ it better. A. understood B. would be understand C. had understood D. will understand 3. This movie is terrible. I wish we__________ to see another one. A. went B. would be go C. had gone D. go 4. My father is too busy today. I wish__________. A. my father is free today B. my father weren’t so busy today C. my father would be busy today D. my father wasn’t so busy today 5. “I’m not staying here any longer.” “I wish you__________” A. can B. will C. are D.were 6. There is no snowing here. I wish it__________ snowing now. A.is B. will be C. were D. was 7. I miss my friends. I wish they__________ here right now. A. were B. will be C. had been D. are 8. I speak English terriblely. I wish I__________ English as fluently as you. A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. Will speak 9. My house is too small and old. I wish I__________ a bigger one. A. have B. Will have C. had had D.had 10. Sophie wishes her father__________ here now to help her. A. has been B. is being C. is D.were 11. I love California. I wish I__________ go there right now. A. can B. went C. could D. may 12. Iris is always moaning about others. I wish she__________. A. know how I am upset B. knew how I am upset C. will know how I am upset D. knows how I am upset 13. Stella hates having red hair. She wishes she__________ blonde hair. A. have B. will have C. had D. had had 14. They wish they__________ the exam. A. pass B. passed C. will pass D. are passing 15. Diego is driving too fast. I wish he__________ more slowly. A. drive B. drove C. were driving D. will drive Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. I don’t know anyone in this class. I wish 2. The dictionary is very expensive. I wish 3. It’s a pity that my room is too small I wish 4. She isn’t here. She wishes 5. The students never go abroad. The students wish 6. They cannot eat seafood. They wish 7. Their team don’t play very well. They wish 8. Lien never goes on a camping trip. Lien wishes 9. It’s very cold in the winter here. I wish 10. It would be nice to be able to play the piano. I wish 11. What a pity my husband isn’t at home now. If only 12. It’s a shame that we cannot speak French. We 13. Don’t shout all the time. I wish 14. They feel sorry that their house is not near Hoan Kiem Lake They wish 15. Im sorry that I dont have time to talk to you about that. I wish 16. Mai cannot visit her pen pal is Malaysia Mai wishes 17. I dont know how to cook fish I wish 18. I cant sing this song I wish 19. Im afraid he wont get over his illness soon I wish 20. I cant hear that strange noise. I wish 21. They wont come here again. I wish 22. I cant give up smoking. I wish 23. I will be late for school. I wish 24. Im sorry I cant help you. I wish 25. Hoa and Ba wont go fishing this weekend I wish 26. What a pity I cant finish my homework I wish 27. Im sorry I cant speak English fluently I wish 28. My motorcycle is very old. I wish 29. He gets up late for class today. I wish 30. My son plays video games during the day. I wish 31. I dont have time to go around the city I wish 32. She doesnt send me her recent photos I wish 33. My friend doesnt have money to repair his bicycle. I wish 34. My students write lesson slowly I wish 35. The exercises are long and difficult I wish THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Thay đổi về ngôi Đổi Ngôi thứ nhất (I,we, me , us , my , our , mine , ours) phù hợp với Chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính Đổi Ngôi thứ hai (you , your , your) phù hợp với Tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính Ngôi thứ BA (he, she , it , him, her , his, they, them, their) => không đổi Đổi Chủ ngữ Đổi Tân Ngữ Đổi Tính từ sở hữu I me my She her her He him his You (Đứng đầu câu) you (Đứng giữa câu, sau V) your We us our They them their Thay đổi về THÌ (LÙI THÌ) DIRECT ( Trực tiếp – câu gốc) INDIRECT (Gián tiếp – câu biến đổi) 1. Hiện tại đơn V Vs Ves am is are don’t + V1 doesn’t V1 => Quá khứ đơn V2 Ved was were didn’t + V 2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn am is are + Ving => Quá khứ tiếp diễn was were + Ving 3. Hiện tại hoàn thành have has + V3ed => Quá khứ hoàn thành had + V3ed 4. Quá khứ đơn was were V2 ved => Quá khứ hoàn thành had + V3ed 6. Tương lai đơn will + V => Tương lai trong quá khứ would + V 7. can => could 8. may => might 9. must need => had to F Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên Thay đổi về trạng ngữ DIRECT ( Trực tiếp – câu gốc) INDIRECT (Gián tiếp – câu biến đổi) now => then here => there ago => before today => that day this => that these => those yesterday => the day before the previous day last…. => the….before the previous…. tomorrow => the next day the following day next… => the next…. the following…. Thay đổi về cấu trúc a. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị, nhờ vả giúp đỡ + Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định có dạng: S + asked told said to + O: “Vo…….” S + asked told + O + (not) + to +V(inf)... Ex 1: “Don’t make noise here”, Lan said to Hoa. Lan asked Hoa not to make noise there. Ex 2: “Keep silent, please”, He said to her. He told her to keep silent. + Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định có dạng: S + asked told said to + O: “Don’t + Vo…” S + asked told + O + not + to + Vo Áp dụng công thức biến đổi sau: S + asked told + O + not + to + Vo Ex: “Don’t talk in the class”, The teacher said to the students. The teacher asked the student not to talk in class b. Câu trần thuật S + said told O : “ S2 + V ” → S + said that told O that + S2 + Vlùi thì Note: said to → told Ex 1: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friends that weekend Ex 2: She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.” She told me (that) she was going to Da Lat the next summer c. Câu hỏi Yes – No question: S + asked + (O) : “Do Does Did Will Can…. + S2 + Vo?” : “Am Is Are Was Were + S …?” Ex 1: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” He asked Mary if Mary had ever been to Japan Ex 2: “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked I asked Tan if Tan went out the night before W H question S + asked + (O) : “WH + Do does did… + S + Vo?” : “WH + am is are was were + S….?” Ex 1: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me. “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me. Ex 2: “What time is it now, Peter” She asked Peter What time it was then. EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. John asked the teacher__________ in Spanish. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 2. He said he__________ at the Daewoo Hotel. A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay 3. She asked me__________ I liked country music. A. if B. whether C. that D.A B 4. The students asked if I was going to give them the tests __________. A. the next day B. next day C. day next D. the day next 5. Joe asked me how long I__________ a teacher of Chemistry at that school. A. the next day B. next day C. day next D. the day next 6. He asked me with whom I__________ French. A. studied B. study C.am studying D. have studied 7. John asked me__________ fond of any kind of sports. A. if I am B. if I was C. if was I D. if I were 8. She________ me whether I liked French fries. A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking 9. “________ off the television”, he said. A. Please turn B. Please to turn C. Turned please D. Please, turning 11. He asked the children ________ the electric sockets. A. not touching B. not to touch C. if they don’t touch D. don’t touch 12. David asked me who ________ the writer of that book. A. was B. were C. is D. has been 13. He wants to know whether I ________ back to Hoi An the next day. A. come B. came C. will come D. would come 14. They asked me how many students________. A. I taught B. I teach C. I did teach D. did I teach 15. Laura wanted to know________ shopping the previous afternoon. A. if we had been going B. that if we had been going C. we were going D. that we were going 16. Lucy asked me why I had not gone to Paris________. A. the summer before B. summer ago C. the next summer D. last summer 18. Charlie ________ that his father was in hospital. A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. asked me 19. He told me __________ him up at six oclock. A. please pick B. to pick C. should pick D. I can pick 20. The woman asked________ catch a bus to school. A. can the children B. if the children can C. whether the children could D. could the children Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. Reported statements 1. She said, “I went to the cinema yesterday.” She said 2. He said, “I am writing a test tomorrow.” He said 3. You said, “I will do this for him.” You said 4. She said, “I am not hungry now.” She said 5. They said, “We have never been here before.” They said 6. “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here,” Lan said. Lan said 7. Mary said “I wish I were a boy.” Mary said 8. He said “I was born in 2000.” He said 9. My teacher said “the sun rises in the East”. My teacher said 10. “You had better not contact her,” Tom said to me Tom said to me 11. “I am happy to see you,” Aunt Xuan said. Aunt Xuan said 12. “This birthday cake is delicious,” Uncle Hung said. Uncle Hung said 13. “I love these roses,” Miss Nga said. Miss Nga said 14. “I’m having a wonderful time before.” Cousin Mai said. Cousin Mai said 15. “I must leave now,” Mr Thanh said. Mr Thanh said 16. “My son spends too much time playing computer games”, Mr. Nam said. Mr. Nam said 17. “She is working in the garden”, she said. She said 18. “I’ll do my homework”, my sister said. My sister said 19. “You should stay at home”, my mother said. My mother said 20. Hoang said “I often learn new words in the evening.” Hoang said 21. “I wont see you tomorrow”, Nga said. Nga said 22. Mr. Hung said, “I don’t like chocolate.” Mr. Hung said 23. “I can help you” she said. She said 24. “I cant go to the movies with you, John”, Mary said. Mary told 25. “I am waiting for the bus here”, she said. She said 26. “I don’t know how to do this exercise”, she said. She said 27. “I will come to your birthday party”, Phong said. Phong said 28. “I can cook well”, my sister said. My sister said 29. “I’m listening to music now”, Hung said. Hung said 30. “I want my room to look nice on my birthday”, Hoa said. Hoa said Reported questions Reported questions 1. What is your name? She asked 2. How many children do you have? They asked 3. What exam will you take? I asked 4. Where is he from? I asked 5. She asked me, “How old are you now? She asked 6. John said, How long does it take you to get to London, Mary? John asked 7. The policeman asked the little girl, Whats your name? The policeman 8. He said, “Where can I find her in this town? He asked 9. Are you willing to work on Saturdays? He asked me 10. Paul said, Can you swim, Mary? Pauld asked 11. “Where is my umbrella?” she asked. She asked 12. “How are you?” Martin asked us. Martin asked 13. He asked, “Do I have to do it?” He asked 14. “Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter. The mother asked 15. “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend. She asked 16. “What are they doing?” she asked. She wanted to 17. “Are you going to the cinema?” he asked me. He wanted to 18. The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?” The teacher wanted to 19. “How do you know that?” she asked me. She asked 20. “Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me. My friend asked Reported commands and requests 1. She said, “Go upstairs.” She told me 2. “Close the door behind you,” he told me. He told me 3. “Stop staring at me,” she said. She told him 4. “Dont be angry with me,” he said. He asked her 5. “Leave me alone,” she said. She told me 6. “Dont worry about us,” they said. They told her 7. “Meet me at the cinema,” he said. He asked me 8. “Go to the dentist this afternoon.” Tina told me. Tina told me 9. “Don’t sit on my chair.” Barbara said to John. Barbara told 10. “Would you mind making some bread for me?” Henry asked me. Henry asked me 11. “Do you mind not shouting at the old man?” the girl asked me. The girl asked me 12. “Brush your teeth at least twice a day.” the dentist told Jim. The dentist told Jim 13. “Could you give me a lift to the airport tomorrow?” Sane told her brother Sano asked brother 14. “Don’t be rude to your parents.” Mr Hole said to Chris. Mr Hole told Chris 15. “Can you type this document for me now? the manager asked his secretary. The manager asked his secretary THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) “And” Được dùng để nối hai thành phần cùng loại của câu E.g: He has a house and a dog We buy vegetables, bread, fish and meat every day. “But” Dùng để chỉ tương phản E.g: She was poor, but she was honest She tried hard, but failed. “However” Dùng để giới thiệu một câu tương phản với những gì đã nói trước đó. However có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc tách ra giữa câu bằng hai dấu chấm phẩy E.g: Nam is very tired. However, he has to finish her homework before he goes to bed. However, But: Tuy nhiên, nhưng mà S + V, but S + V S + V. However, S + V S + V; however, S + V “Or” Dùng để nêu lên một khả năng khác của các thành phần cùng loại trong câu. Thường được dùng trong câu hỏi E.g: Do they live in the city or in the country? Do you come from France or German? “Therefore, so” S + V, so S + V S + V. Therefore, S + V S + V; therefore, S + V E.g: She heard the bad news, so she cried. He’s busy. Therefore, he can’t help you. “So because assince” S + V, so S + V Because As Since + S + V, S + V E.g: She cried because she heard the bad news. She heard the bad news, so she cried. “Although Though Even though” E.g: We continued working although we were tired. Although we were tired, we continued working. Ngoài ra ta có thể dùng “Despite” hoặc “In spite of” + N để thay cho “Although S + V” E.g: Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. In spite of Despite the bad traffic, I arrived on time. In spite of Despite the fact that the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. Although Even though Though + S + V, S + V Despite In spite of + N, S + V Despite In spite of THE FACT THAT+ S + V, S + V EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. I use the internet only a few hours a day__________ it’s timeconsuming and costly. A. so B. because of C. because D. even though 2. I live in the countryside, __________ I can not easily get access to the internet. A. when B. though C. because D. therefore 3. She was not satisfied with her English test__________ she got 9 marks for it. A. even though B. therefore C. so D. when 4. Our environment is becoming polluted now, __________ we have to do something to protect it. A. because B. while C. so D. even though 5. We should take showers instead of baths__________ baths use twice as much as showers. A. because of B. though C. therefore D. since 6. __________ the weather is predicted not to be good today, they decide to go swimming. A. In spite B. Although C. Because D. When 7. People should save energy__________ the shortage of the natural resources. A. because B. because of C. in spite of D. despite 8. __________ they had had lunch, they went boating in the river. A. Before B. So C. When D. After 9. __________ having a lot of homework to do, he usually helps his mom do the chores. A. After B. Though C. Because of D. Despite 10. The city of Kobe in Japan was destroyed heavily__________ a huge earthquake in 1995. A. because of B. because C. though D. when 11. Tet is the most important holiday for Vietnamese people, __________ everyone who lives apart tries to return to their home at Tet. A. because B. as C. so D. though 12. Nowadays, Vietnamese women like to wear Ao dai__________ it is their traditional dress. A. therefore B. so C. because D. though 13. Of course Im a Christian __________ I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too A. since B. then C. and D. but 14. He got wet__________ he forgot his umbrella. A. because of B. because C. but D. and 15.Smoking is harmful__________, many people still smoke. A. but B. so C. therefore D. however 16.________he doesnt have much free time, he always helps his friends when they have problems. A. Therefore B. Although C. But D. So 17. Giao Thua is the most sacred time of the year, ¬¬¬________ the first houseguest to offer the first greeting is very important. A. otherwise B. however C. so D. because 18. The washing machine was expensive. __________, they couldnt afford to buy it. A. Although B. But C. Or D. Therefore 19. He got wet_________ he forgot his umbrella. A. because of B. because C. but D. and 20. They went home early ________the show was bad. A. so B. because C. although D. but 21. John is very busy. __________, he is always willing to give a hand with the housework. A. Despite B. Therefore C. However D. Although 22. We can use smartphones to do online exercises_______ find information for our projects. A. so B. but C. because D. and 23. _________Mrs. Lan was tired, she helped Tuan with his homework. A. Although. B. Due to C. Despite D. Because 24. _________the traffic was bad, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time. A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. Despite 35. Hoa failed her math test. __________, she has to do the test again A. However B. Because C. Moreover D. Therefore 26. _______he was angry, he listened to me patiently. A. Because B. In spite of C. Although D. Despite 27. He didnt notice the sign________ it was right in front of him. A. if B. although C. unless D. because 28: My family went to Africa ______ we wanted to know more about wild animals. A. so B. although C. therefore D. because 29. He stops working _________ heavy raining. A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of 30. It’s raining, _________ I’ll stay home and read. A. because B. while C. so D. even though 31. David ate a lot of food______ he wasnt very hungry. A. despite B. although C. because of D. because 32. John was sick yesterday, ________ he was absent from school. A. since B. so C. because D. but 33. _________Tommy was very tired, he tried to finish the final exam. A. Although B. Despite C. However D. Because 34. Michael felt tired. ________, he went to work and tried to concentrate. A. So B. Therefore C. However D. But 35. ________the bad weather, the train to Yorkshire was delayed. A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. In spite of 36. Are wind power__________ solar power new kinds of energy for future use in Soc Trang? A. and B. or C. with D. but 37. My fathers really busy. __________, hes willing to help my mother with the household chores. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. So 38. It rains heavily, ___________I can not go to the movie with you. A. and B. but C. because D.so 39. _________Nam Du Island is a new destination, it attracts many tourists nowadays. A. While B. Although C. Despite D. In spite of 40. They didnt go on a picnic _________the weather was awful. A. because B. because of C. so D. although THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Cách sử dụng các đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH: N người + whothat + V N người + whomthat + S + V N vật + whichthat + V S + V N người vật + whose + Noun (trơ trọi) N nơi chốn + where (= inonatfrom which) + S + V N thời gian + when (= inonat which) + S + V Chú ý: N người vật + that + V S + V atinfromto... + whom which + S + V that không bao giờ đứng sau dấu phẩy sau giới từ nên thấy câu có dấu phẩy hay có giới từ phía trước ô trống thì ta loại ngay đáp án có that đi Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ a. Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới hạn (không dấu phẩy) thường được dùng khi danh từ đứng trước ĐTQH có mạo từ “aanthe” B ỏ “who, whom, which, that” khi nó làm túc từ (không có giới từ đứng trước) bỏ whywhenwhere. Ex: The book is interesting. I bought it yesterday. The book (which) I bought yesterday is interesting. b. MĐQH không giới hạn (có dấu phẩy) MĐQH không giới hạn xuất hiện khi danh từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ là các loại danh từ sau: + Danh từ riêng + Danh từ có tính từ chỉ định (thisthatthesethose) + Danh từ có tính từ sở hữu (myhisheryourtheirourits) + Sở hữu cách (Tom’s, …) Không dùng “THAT” trong MĐQH không giới hạn. Không được bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ (WHO, WHOM, WHICH) và các trạng từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không giới hạn. Trong MĐQH không giới hạn “WHICH” có thể được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả câu. Khi muốn thêm thông tin về toàn bộ hoặc 1 phần số vật hay người cụ thể, ta dùng mđqh không giới hạn với “of which, of whom, of whose, most of, half of, plenty of, some of, one of, neither of, all of, several of, both of, ten of, a few of ….” Ex: Tom, whom you met last night, is my son. Ex: That man, who has sent you a gift, lives next door to me. Ex: His book, which was bought last night, is interesting. Ex: Lan’s book, which was bought last night, is interesting. Ex: Peter failed again, which does not make us surprised. Ex: I received two jobs offers. I accepted neither of them I received two jobs offers, neither of which I accepted Ex: I have two friends. One of their problems is poor study habit I have two friends, one of whose problems is poor study habit EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Cách làm bài: Ta xem danh từ đứng trước ô trống là người, vật, thời gian hay nơi chốn để loại bớt đáp án sai đi. Sau đó áp dụng các công thức phía trên. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. I liked the friends________ I met on Tet holiday in my home town. A. who B. why C. whom D. which 2. Gregg has passed the final exam, ________ is great news. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 3. The engineers________ designed the tower received the highest award. A. who C. which C. that D. AC are correct 4. He lives in a small town________. A. where is called Bibury B. which is called Bibury C. is called Bibury D. that called Bibury 5. My grandfather, ________ a wise politican, has greatly influenced my life. A.is B. that is C.who is D. who he is 6. Mark has been looking after a dog __________ leg had been broken in a recent accident. A. who B. whose C. that D. what as 7. Do you know the man ________ we met at the party last week? A. which B. whose C. where D. whom 8. My mother, _________ everyone admires, is a famous teacher. A. where B. whom C. which D. whose 9. This is the village in ________ my family and I have lived for over 20 years. A. which B. that C. whom D. where 10. We need a teacher _________ native language is English. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 11. The woman, __________ was sitting in the meeting hall, didn’t seem friendly to us at all. A. who B. whom C. where D. when 12. We’ll come in June _________ the schools are on holiday. A. that B. where C. which D. when 13. The old building ________ is in front of my house fell down. A. of which B. whom C. whose D. which 14. I bought a Tshirt ________ is very nice. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _______ were moving to the front. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 16. The man sitting next to me kept talking during the meeting, ________ really annoyed me. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 17. The house _________ windows are blue was built in the 20th century. A. which B. that C. whose D. of which 18. The paintings_________ are marked with small red dot have already been sold. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 19. The land and the people _________I have met are nice. A. that B. who C. which D. whose 20. I wrote to the girl _________I met at the meeting. A. whom B. whose C. which D. her 21. This is the CD _______ I bought last month. A. who B. which C. when D. whom 22. I hate the music ______ is too loud. A. which B. who C. whose D. where 23. This is Tony. ________ daughter lives next to James. A. who B. that C. whose D. whom 24. We really enjoyed the meat ______ Sally made yesterday. A. which B. when C. where D. who 25. The restaurant _________Bob recommended was too expensive. A. where B. which C. whose D. when Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. I will introduce you the man. He is sharing the flat with me. I 2. The young man is talking to our teacher. He is Ba’s brother. The young man 3. We visited this monument. It was built a hundred years ago. We 4. The boys are interested in football. It is a popular game all over the world. The boys 5. The boy gave his parents big hugs. He went abroad to study. The boy 6. Dr Oley is our family’s dentist. He is a popular dentist in the city. Dr Oley, 7. They drank a lot of Coke. It is diet Coke. They 8. It is the Sai Gon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City. It is the Sai Gon River, 9. The lecturer is my uncle. He gave an interesting talk on TV last night. The lecturer 10. The tornado lifted up a baby and put it down safely 100 meters away. The baby was asleep in a carriage. The tornado 11. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth. The first boy 12. I don’t remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week. I don’t remember the man 13. She left here without saying goodbye. This made me sad. She left here without 14. The children often go swimming on Sundays. That have much free time then. The children 15. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest. They’re looking for 16. That tree has lovely flowers. It stands near the gate of my house. That tree, 17. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife. My wife, 18. I don’t like the man. He is going out with my sister. I don’t like 19. Charlie Chaplin became a very rich man. He was from a poor family. Charlie Chaplin, 20. That bike was too expensive. He wanted to buy it. That bike, THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi. Công thức chung: S + V +……………………., trợ động từ + S (ĐẠI TỪ)? Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là khẳng định thì câu hỏi đuôi là phủ định và ngược lại. Bảng tóm tắt thành lập câu hỏi đuôi. Statement Tag questions I am_________, aren’t I ? I am not_________, am I ? Động từ khiếm khuyết S + cancouldshouldwill_________, can’tcouldn’tshouldn’twon’t____+ S ? Động từ thường S + V1_________, S + Vses_________, S + V2ed_________, Sử dụng trợ động từ: dodoesdid don’t + S? doesn’t + S? didn’t + S? S + havehashad + V3ed_________, haven’thasn’thadn’t + S ? S + isarewaswere_________, isn’taren’twasn’tweren’t + S? S + used to + V_________, didn’t + S ? S +’d betterhad better + V_________, hadn’t + S? S +’d ratherwould ratherwould like + V_________, would + S? There + isarewaswere_________, isn’taren’twasn’tweren’t + S? Let’s + V_________, shall we+? Chủ từ là: No one Nobody Anyone Anybody Everyone Everybody Someone Somebody… ____ + they ? Chủ từ là: Nothing Anything Something Everything… ____ + It? Chủ từ là This That… ____ + It? Chủ từ là These Those… ____ + they ? Trong câu có các từ phủ định: nononewithout neitherhardlyseldomrarelylittleneverfew. Câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định không có N’T S + ought to_________, shouldn’t + S? Câu mệnh lệnh_________, will you? Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề thì ta lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi. Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ, dùng “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi. Ex: What she has just said is unreasonable, isnt it? Câu đầu là I wish, dùng “may” trong câu hỏi đuôi. Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel that + mệnh đề phụ: + Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi. Nếu mệnh đề chính có “not” thì vẫn tính như ở mệnh đề phụ. Ex: I think she is a good teacher, isn’t she? + Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là “I” thì lại dùng mệnh đề chính đâu làm câu hỏi đuôi. Ex: She thinks he will come, doesnt she? EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 1. He is better cook than his father, ________? A. is she B. isn’t he C. are they D. aren’t they 2. You don’t know him, ________? A. do you B. don’t you C. are you D. aren’t you 3. There are no easy ways to learn Japanese, ________? A. are they B. are there C. aren’t they D. aren’t there 4. Joyce seldom goes to the library on Saturday, ________? A. doesn’t he B. is he C. does he D. isn’t he 5. Let’s go jogging, ________? A. will we B. shall we C. don’t you D. Do you 6. Min Jun owns a restaurant, ________? A. does he B. is he C. doesn’t he D. didn’t he 7. I think Justin will join us, ________? A. doesn’t he B. won’t he C. will he D. don’t I 8. The film is really good, ________? A. is it B. are they C. isn’t it D. aren’t they 9. You’ll be back before midnight, ________? A. will you B. won’t you C. are you D. won’t you be 10. You are going to her wedding party, ________? A. won’t B. didn’t you C. weren’t you D. aren’t you 11. The ticket to Manchester doesn’t cost a lot, ________? A. does it B. do they C. is it D. isn’t it 12. Andrea can speak English fluently, ________? A. can’t she B. can she C. can’t her D. could she 13. I’m a bit late, ________? A. am not I B. aren’t you C. are you D. aren’t I 14. You have missed 3 lessons recently, ________? A. haven’t you B. have you C. don’t you D. didn’t you 15. You shouldn’t be so angry with mom, ________? A. could you B. should you C. had you D. did you 16. Stop making noise right now, ________? A. shall you B. Will you C. do you D. don’t you 17. The children had left school before you saw them, ________? A. hadn’t they B. hadn’t it C. didn’t they D. didn’t it 18. He has worked hard, ________? A. does he B. did he C. has he D. hasn’t he 19. They didn’t invite him to the showroom, ________? A. do they B. don’t they C. did they D. didn’t they 20. Maths is difficult, ________? A. aren’t they B. isn’t it C. isn’t she D. isn’t he 21. Many friends of mine work in that foreign company, ________? A. do they B. dont they C. are they D. arent they 22. She is living with her eldest son, __________? A does she B. arent she C. isnt she D. do she 23. She loves ducks, ________? A. doesnt she B. isnt she C. didnt she D. hasnt she 24. Mai used to go to school on foot, ¬¬¬________? A. didnt Mai B. didnt she C. did Mai D. did she 25. We should call Rita, _________we? A. should B. shouldnt C. shall D. should not 26. He doesnt like cartoons, ________? A. does he B. is he C. doesnt he D. isnt he 27. Your sister works in a foreign company, __________ she? A. arent B. isnt C. dont D. doesnt 28. Mr. Brown isnt at the meeting, ________? A. isnt he B. is he C. was he D. wasnt he 29. Your brother didnt have much time to read books, _______? A. does he B. didnt he C. doesnt he D. did he 30. Your father was always smoking, __________? A. was he B. did he C. didnt he D. wasn’t he 31.Peter goes to the library twice a week, __________? A. didn’t he B. did he C. doesn’t he D. does he 32. Your teacher often writes poems and stories for Hoa Hoc Tro Newspaper, ________? A. isn’t she B. doesn’t she C. did she D. does she 33. The city will have to find a solution to reduce traffic jams, ______? A. will it B. won’t it C. wont they D. will they 34. Your brother passed the final exam, _______? A. doesn’t he B. didn’t he C. does he D. did he 35. He cycles to work every day, ______? A. didn’t he B. did he C. does he D. doesnt he 36. Candidates are not allowed to use dictionaries in this examination, ________? A. are they B. arent they C. do they D. don’t they 37. Your sister has worked on a cruise ship as a chef, ________? A. haven’t she B. have she C. hasn’t she D. has she 38. It was an interesting lecture, ______? A. is it B. didnt it C. was it D. wasn’t it 39. They haven’t finished their homework, ______? A. dont they B. have they C. do they D. haven’t they 40. Nam seldom goes fishing, ______? A. does he B. doesnt he C. isnt he D. does Nam THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Clauses and phrases of concession: (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) a. Clauses of concession Although Even though Though + S + V Despite the fact that In spite of the fact that b. Phrases of concession In spite of Despite + Noun No
ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ TÀI LIỆU DÀNH CHO GIÁO VIÊN TIẾNG ANH BẬC THPT ÔN LUYỆN CHO KỲ THI THPTQG QUYỂN HÀ NỘI, 2020 MỤC LỤC LỜI NÓI ĐẦU .5 PHẦN A: CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ .6 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: NGỮ ÂM PHẦN 1: PHÁT ÂM PHẦN 2: TRỌNG ÂM CỦA TỪ 13 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: TỪ VỰNG 17 PHẦN 1: DANH TỪ 18 PHẦN 2: CỤM TỪ KẾT HỢP (COLLOCATIONS) 23 PHẦN 3: ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (VERBS AND PHRASAL VERBS) 28 PHẦN 4: TÍNH TỪ (ADJECTIVES) 33 PHẦN 5: TRẠNG TỪ (ADVERBS) 38 PHẦN 6: LIÊN TỪ (CONJUNCTIONS) 42 PHẦN 7: GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS) 47 PHẦN 8: GIỚI TỪ ĐI KÈM VỚI DANH TỪ, TÍNH TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ (PREPOSITIONS WITH NOUNS, ADJECTIVES AND VERBS) 52 PHẦN 9: THÀNH NGỮ (IDIOMS) 57 PHẦN 10: TỪ XÁC ĐỊNH VÀ LƯỢNG TỪ (DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS) 62 PHẦN 11: TIỀN TỐ VÀ HẬU TỐ (PREFIX & SUFFIX) 67 PHẦN 12: ĐẠI TỪ (PRONOUNS) 72 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: NGỮ PHÁP 77 PHẦN 1: THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 78 PHẦN 2: ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ KHÁC 82 PHẦN 3: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP 88 PHẦN 4: CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ 93 PHẦN 5: SỞ HỮU 110 PHẦN 6: THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH 113 PHẦN 7: CÂU CHẺ 119 PHẦN 8: ĐỒNG CHỦ NGỮ RÚT GỌN 126 PHẦN 9: DANH TỪ SỐ ÍT VÀ SỐ NHIỀU 130 PHẦN 10: MỆNH LỆNH THỨC 135 PHẦN 11: ĐỘNG TỪ VỚI MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN 140 PHẦN 12: CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI 144 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: ĐỌC HIỂU VÀ XÁC ĐỊNH TỪ/CỤM TỪ SAI TRONG PHẠM VI CÂU 149 PHẦN 1: ĐIỀN TỪ VÀO CHỖ TRỐNG TRONG VĂN BẢN 151 PHẦN 2: ĐỌC VÀ XÁC ĐỊNH THÔNG TIN T/F/NG TRONG PHẠM VI VĂN BẢN 154 PHẦN 3: ĐỌC VÀ TRẢ LỜI CÂU HỎI 166 PHẦN 4: ĐỌC VÀ XÁC ĐỊNH TỪ/CỤM TỪ SAI TRONG PHẠM VI CÂU 181 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: VIẾT VÀ CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP 191 PHẦN 1: KẾT NỐI CÂU 192 PHẦN 2: VIẾT LẠI CÂU SAO CHO NGHĨA KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI 198 PHẦN 3: CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP 205 PHẦN B: ĐÁP ÁN VÀ GIẢI THÍCH .210 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: NGỮ ÂM 210 PHẦN 1: PHÁT ÂM 210 PHẦN 2: TRỌNG ÂM 230 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: TỪ VỰNG 242 PHẦN 1: DANH TỪ 242 PHẦN 2: CỤM TỪ KẾT HỢP (COLLOCATIONS) 250 PHẦN 3: ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (VERBS / PHRASAL VERBS) 254 PHẦN 4: TÍNH TỪ (ADJECTIVES) 258 PHẦN 5: TRẠNG TỪ (ADVERBS) 263 PHẦN 6: LIÊN TỪ (CONJUNCTIONS) 267 PHẦN 7: GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS) 273 PHẦN 8: GIỚI TỪ ĐI KÈM VỚI DANH TỪ, TÍNH TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ (PREPOSITIONS WITH NOUNS, ADJECTIVES AND VERBS) 279 PHẦN 9: THÀNH NGỮ (IDIOMS) 284 PHẦN 10: TỪ XÁC ĐỊNH VÀ LƯỢNG TỪ 288 (DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS) 288 PHẦN 11: TIỀN TỐ VÀ HẬU TỐ (PREFIX & SUFFIX) 293 PHẦN 12: ĐẠI TỪ (PRONOUNS) 298 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: NGỮ PHÁP 303 PHẦN 1: THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 303 PHẦN 2: ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ KHÁC 305 PHẦN 3: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP 308 PHẦN 4: CÁC LOẠI MÊNH ĐỀ 311 PHẦN 5: SỞ HỮU 326 PHẦN 6: THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH 330 PHẦN 7: CÂU CHẺ 334 PHẦN 8: ĐỒNG CHỦ NGỮ RÚT GỌN 336 PHẦN 9: DANH TỪ SỐ ÍT, SỐ NHIỀU 341 PHẦN 10: MỆNH LỆNH THỨC 343 PHẦN 11: ĐỘNG TỪ VỚI MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN 346 PHẦN 12: CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI 351 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: ĐỌC HIỂU VÀ XÁC ĐỊNH LỖI SAI TRONG PHẠM VI CÂU 354 PHẦN 1: ĐỌC VÀ ĐIỀN TỪ TRONG PHẠM VI VĂN BẢN 354 PHẦN 2: ĐỌC VÀ XÁC ĐỊNH THÔNG TIN T/F/NG TRONG PHẠM VI VĂN BẢN 358 PHẦN 3: ĐỌC VÀ TRẢ LỜI CÂU HỎI 362 PHẦN 4: ĐỌC VÀ XÁC ĐỊNH TỪ/CỤM TỪ SAI TRONG PHẠM VI CÂU 367 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: VIẾT VÀ CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP 374 PHẦN 1: KẾT NỐI CÂU 374 PHẦN 2: VIẾT LẠI CÂU SAO CHO NGHĨA KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI 380 PHẦN 3: CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP 381 LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Nhằm mục đích nâng cao chất lượng dạy học ngoại ngữ cho giáo viên học sinh trường phổ thông, Trường Đại Học Ngoại Ngữ - Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội triển khai chương trình thoả thuận hợp với tỉnh, thành nhằm hỗ trợ công tác bồi dưỡng giáo viên nâng cao lực ngoại ngữ học sinh Nằm khn khổ chương trình, ngồi việc cử cán trực tiếp tới hỗ trợ bồi dưỡng giáo viên ôn luyện cho học sinh tỉnh thành, tài liệu ôn luyện biên soạn dựa nhu cầu thực tiễn giáo viên học sinh trường trung học phổ thông, nhằm mục đích ơn tập củng cố kiến thức phục vụ cho thi tốt nghiệp THPT Quốc gia Bộ tài liệu chung bao gồm quyển, Về kết cấu, chia thành nhiều chuyên đề chuyên đề phần nhỏ ứng với tiểu mục kiến thức thuộc chun đề Ngồi nội dung kiến thức, cịn bao gồm đề thi ơn luyện theo dạng thức đề thi tiếng Anh THPT Quốc gia Để kiến tạo nội dung nêu tài liệu, nhóm biên tập nghiên cứu kĩ lưỡng chương trình Tiếng Anh THPT, đặc biệt chương trình tiếng Anh 12, với ma trận đề thi năm gần đây, với hi vọng nội dung có tính ứng dụng cao cho học sinh giáo viên Về cách sử dụng, tài liệu nên sử dụng cách linh hoạt học sinh giáo viên để tận dụng tối đa tính Cụ thể sau: Trong chuyên đề, giáo viên lựa chọn phần câu hỏi cho phù hợp với trình độ thời học sinh, sau tăng độ khó tập cho học sinh tiệm cận với yêu cầu độ khó câu hỏi thi thi tiếng Anh THPT Quốc gia Tương tự, em học sinh cần có ý thức rõ trình độ thời thân, hiểu cặn kẽ lộ trình học tập lộ trình mà giáo viên đưa Từ đó, em hướng tới việc tăng thời gian luyện tập nhà, việc sử dụng tài liệu với chuyên đề độ khó phân cấp cách rõ ràng nêu Đặc biệt, phần đáp án không dừng lại việc cung cấp đáp án phù hợp, mà kèm với phần giải thích; với mong muốn phục vụ cho trình học tập thơng qua hiểu biết cặn kẽ lỗi sai để từ em học sinh không mắc lại lỗi tương tự Với phần giải thích này, thầy giáo nắm bắt thiết kế giảng cách nhanh gọn Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội mong muốn tài liệu nguồn tài liệu mang tính chất gợi mở, giúp giáo viên linh hoạt khai thác bổ sung thêm nội dung kiến thức cần thiết khác Hi vọng tài liệu đồng hành thầy cô em, mang lại hiệu truyền cảm hứng cho q trình học tập mơn Tiếng Anh trường THPT địa bàn nước Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội PHẦN A: CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: NGỮ ÂM ĐƠN VỊ KIẾN THỨC PHẦN SỐ LƯỢNG CÂU HỎI A2 B1 B2(+) 15 20 15 15 20 15 15 20 15 15 20 15 PHẦN Tìm từ có cách phát âm phụ âm khác 15 20 15 TRỌNG Tìm từ âm tiết có trọng âm khác 15 20 15 Tìm từ âm tiết có trọng âm khác 15 20 15 Tìm từ âm tiết có trọng âm khác 15 20 15 PHẦN Tìm từ có cách phát âm 'ed' khác PHÁT ÂM Tìm từ có cách phát âm ngun âm đơn khác Tìm từ có cách phát âm ngun âm đơi khác Tìm từ có cách phát âm 's' 'es' khác ÂM PHẦN 1: PHÁT ÂM I Tìm từ có cách phát âm ed khác 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 A mended A talked A explored A filled A talked A played A hated A finished A enjoyed A stopped A stopped A picked A included A moved A decided A laughed A allowed A studied A finished A finished A linked A approached A watched A wicked A moaned A ploughed A ruined A reserved A laughed A showered A needed A loved A practiced A looked A learned (adj) A concerned A involved A advanced A crooked A influenced A puzzled A processed B faced B naked B named B missed B passed B matched B watched B raised B loved B watched B played B worked B wanted B checked B moved B sacrificed B passed B approved B escaped B played B declared B sacrificed B promoted B cooked B presented B disliked B crowded B locked B cleaned B linked B afforded B appeared B raised B laughed B lived B raised B organized B surprised B sacred B terrified B wicked B infested C objected C liked C travelled C switched C called C cleaned C decided C cooked C joined C decided C packed C naked C wicked C pushed C carried C kicked C argued C reminded C damaged C influenced C finished C unwrapped C invited C sacred C viewed C coughed C admired C forced C brushed C concerned C advanced C agreed C rained C decided C naked C developed C impressed C orphaned C learned C averaged C beloved C balanced D waited D asked D separated D watched D watched D opened D wanted D stopped D helped D flipped D parked D booked D noticed D stepped D believed D explained D raised D returned D promised D helped D developed D obliged D decided D started D robbed D laughed D strolled D touched D stopped D belonged D invented D coughed D followed D experienced D supposedly D maintained D carried D weighed D studied D accompanied D confused D reached 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 A dissolved A daunted A crooked A assumed A conducted A challenged A achieved A owed B sacrificed B installed B engaged B preceded B responded B consisted B announced B required C reformed C committed C expected C determined C rejected C detailed C convinced C qualified D ploughed D confided D attracted D approved D convinced D mentioned D excused D established C dances C years C books C pigeons C stands C horses C handsome C dishes C vans C sweets C bags C jumps C brushes C papers C wakes C points C cooks C finds C spoons C books C series C laughs C books C lifts C appliances C walls C outbreaks C languages C lends C photographs C weekends C houses C shifts C stops C exploits D tables D weekends D rulers D bends D chairs D passes D besides D boxes D trucks D lamps D books D bedrooms D foxes D drawers D lunches D days D finds D photographs D writers D makes D hobbies D discovers D concepts D rocks D facilities D pyramids D minds D minds D stops D speaks D feelings D coaches D plays D sleeps D jackets II Tìm từ có phát âm s, es khác 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 A names A nights A pens A attempts A clerks A faces A presidents A activities A dolls A pens A rulers A bees A moves A cats A beaches A proofs A helps A neighbors A snacks A streets A cities A develops A designs A proofs A involves A remembers A sports A nations A proofs A checks A parents A chores A works A coughs A creates B lives B days B markers B nods B tools B overcomes B busy B watches B cars B closets B pencils B cupboards B bosses B dogs B watches B books B laughs B friends B follows B questions B satellites B concerts B streets B regions B believes B cooks B confronts B speakers B looks B bags B brothers B dishes B shops B sings B believes 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 A pools A programs A churches A barracks A activities A appeals A houses A walls A arms A brothers A hears A knows A regrets A prevents A decreases B trucks B individuals B devices B labors B species B chairs B horses B feminists B legs B parents B dreams B remains B remembers B occurs B differences C umbrellas C subjects C resources C means C resources C shops C matches C goods C heads C daughters C rents C stays C drinks C answers C amuses D workers D celebrations D wives D headquarters D densities D schools D quantities D fingers D chests D nephews D loans D meets D laughs D animals D reaches III Tìm từ có cách phát âm nguyên âm đơn khác 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 A study A all A brush A barn A star A bar A given A funny A send A remind A begin A plus A map A silent A bit A against A result A arrange A event A toll A private A typist A twice A species A transfer A denial A purity B bury B call B rush B harm B cater B charter B ridden B rubbish B member B get B become B stuff B bank B open B sit B martial B lunch B arrive B preserve B roll B attract B typical B machine B invent B career B destiny B burning C cut C want C push C charm C half C car C widen C upper C term C met C decide C skull C back C happen C twin C mature C subject C arise C effect C doll C romantic C typo C routine C medicine C variety C beware C studious D young D tall D crush D fat D departure D back D kitchen D student D November D debt D meter D full D star D remind D mine D above D student D area D effort D hole D marriage D stylish D magazine D tennis D afraid D delay D durable 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 A reliable A apply A general A university A logic A atom A pull A burn A darkness A ghost A muddy A function A bulldog A right A repeat A national A addition A capacity A documentary A sodium A intimate A supportive A imprudent B liquid B university B education B understand B voluntary B compare B push B cup B particular B hostage B punctual B rubbish B Cuba B private B scene B landscape B advantage B shortage B population B solid B village B substantial B hallucination IV Tìm từ có cách phát âm nguyên âm đôi khác A middle B mile A spear B breakfast A shown B flown A accountant B amount A post B local A download B growth A childhood B silent A mind B while A pie B heir 10 A fame B baby 11 A straight B explain 12 A translation B Canadian 13 A afraid B laird 14 A great B real 15 A danger B landscape 16 A academic B grade 17 A appointment B choir 18 A bowl B snow 19 A coarsen B road 10 C revival C early C secondary C discussion C opposite C prove C butcher C dust C market C lost C studious C frustrate C duty C communist C cede C courage C adventure C luggage C stimulate C solitude C damage C compulsory C input D final D identity D remember D industrial D portable D continue D nurse D unhappy D remark D frosty D culture D furious D mutual D minority D complete D balance D advertise D message D maximum D solvent D prepare D curriculum D intrude C kind C fear C grown C founding C prominent C blow C write C sister C inquire C many C fair C parent C nail C steak C debate C behave C choice C crown C coal D time D pear D crown D country D hotel D shadow D written D island D tie D plane D tail D Australian D sail D break D nature D examination D point D slow D load D C 10 11 12 A D C C B 13 14 15 16 17 B B A B B 18 19 B B 20 B 21 22 23 24 A A B D 25 B 26 27 C B 28 29 30 D D D 31 B 32 33 C C 34 C 35 36 D B 37 38 B D gì) Be -> x Persuasive -> persuasively (trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ ‘speaks’) Forgotten -> forgot ill -> illness So many for -> for so many In fact -> …, in fact, it was… Whom -> who (đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ) In -> to (Thanks to: nhờ có…) Person -> people Will be -> am Keeping calm On -> in (successful/unsuccessful in) For -> x (It is believed that…) Are -> have (hiện hoàn thành) Strong -> strongly (trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho động từ ‘impressed’) Be -> x Wishes -> wish (chủ ngữ ‘I’) To -> x (so that + mệnh đề) Papers (some old papers – some + N đếm số nhiều) Increasing -> increased (thì hoàn thành) Equality -> equal rate Shan’t -> will (meaning) I/We + shall Was loving -> had been loving Were deeply attending Grandchildrens -> grandchildren Although -> when (Meaning) So soon as -> before Increase -> increases (chủ ngữ câu: ‘fondness’ -> chia động từ số ít) Badly -> bad (S + be + so + adj + that…) Successed -> succeeded Have -> has (Danh động từ ‘Winning’ làm chủ ngữ, động từ chia số ít) Loves -> loved On -> in public 370 39 40 C D 41 42 43 C B C 44 C 45 46 A B 47 48 49 D C B 50 C 51 D 52 B 53 C 54 C 55 56 A C 57 58 D D 59 60 D C 61 62 63 D D B 64 65 66 D C A 67 68 69 70 B D A D Are promising -> promise Singing -> sing (start + to V) Telling -> tell Used to be Off -> in/into Break in/into: đột nhập To repair -> repair Cấu trúc nhờ vả: have sb st Always is -> is always To close (tell sb to st) On -> in the 11th century AD Am -> was About whom (đại từ quan hệ ‘that’ không với giới từ) Interested -> interesting (Chủ ngữ câu ‘the lesson -> dùng phân từ với chức adj) Suggested -> suggest (câu điều kiện loại 0) Careful -> careless (meaning) Take -> takes (chủ ngữ câu: ‘journey’, chia động từ số ít) Than -> as (so sánh ngang as…as) France -> French Might pass -> might have passed Poorly -> poor (be + adj) With -> and (difference between…and…) To -> x (went wrong) Recognizing -> to recognize (rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ) Newly -> new (the + adj + N) Thousands -> thousand Is -> are ( fat people: N số nhiều) Noisy (adj) -> noise (N) My -> mine (=my telephone) Have -> has (chia theo chủ ngữ: an increase) An -> a A dangerous disease Of -> x With -> to 371 71 72 B C 73 74 75 76 77 78 B B B D A B 79 C 80 EXERCISE (B2 – B2+) A B C B B C D 10 11 12 C B A A C A 13 14 15 A A B 16 B 17 18 19 D D C 20 21 22 23 B D B A 24 C (explain st to sb) To -> x Who -> which (đại từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ vật ‘letter’) Wrote -> written In very bad condition The -> x On May 3rd Be -> x Making -> to make (adj + to V) Notice -> notices (chủ ngữ ‘everyone’) Be -> x (was rearranged) Road -> roads (parallel structure: farms, cities, and roads, forests) Not only…but also A + singular noun Commonly -> common (be + adj) Cause -> caused (parallel structure: shocked, caused) Needed to be done (need to st) Many other Not longer -> no longer Are pleased Preventing -> prevent Of -> on (depend on) Having -> have (Atoms that have…) Few years (plural noun) Make sb/st + adj Silent -> silence (noun) (parallel structure) For -> to/into (convert st to/into st) Throughout the world Incredibly big Also -> and: Mines and quarries National issues (adj + N) A variety of + plural noun Compositions -> composers Feed -> feeds (the subject is a singular noun) Cooling -> to cool 372 25 26 A C 27 28 29 30 C D A C (use st to st) Because of -> because Tasted -> taste(noun) (parallel structure) Her -> she Catches -> to catch Locate -> location Uniquely -> unique 373 CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: VIẾT VÀ CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP PHẦN 1: KẾT NỐI CÂU Câu Đáp án C C A D B B A B C 10 D Giải thích Ghi Scarcely + had + S + V (PP) when + S + V (past) Được dùng để diễn tả hai hành động xảy khứ, hành động xảy trước, hành động xảy sau Có nghĩa “vừa mới…thì” As/ Since/ Because…+ S +V+O Sử dụng mệnh đề nguyên nhân, kết Câu điều kiện loại : If + S+ had+ V3/Ved, S + would have + V3/Ved Dùng để diễn tả việc khơng có thật khứ Hai việc xảy hai thời điểm cụ thể khứ nên ta dùng q khứ đơn dùng giới từ “After” để diễn tả theo trình tự thời gian Whose đại từ liên hệ đứng liền sau danh từ để làm sở hữu cách cho mệnh đề sau E.g Scarcely had I arrived home when the telephone rang E.g As it’s raining, I will not go to school E.g If I had studied harder, I would have pass the exam Eg: After the failure, he had no choice but stand up and move on E.g The men whose houses were damaged will be compensated Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với “Only after” E.g Only after finishing ONLY AFTER + N/Ving/clause + V.aux + S + V your homework can you : Chỉ sau play Ta phương pháp loại trừ để chọn đáp án - Đáp án B ngữ pháp sai nghĩa (ông kể cho tôi kể cho ông) - Đáp án C bị thiếu thông tin - Đáp án D sai ngữ pháp (the story was absorbing absorbed) - Despite cấu trúc thể hiên nhượng E.g Mary went to the - Despite đứng trước danh từ, cụm danh từ, carnival despite the rain đại từ (this, that, what…) V-ing Chú ý: cấu trúc câu A sai thừa từ As đầu câu Cấu trúc đúng: Tired as he was, he agreed to help me with my work Câu điều kiện kết hợp loại hỗn hợp: 2+3 E.g If we had looked at If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + the map, we wouldn’t be would + V (nguyên mẫu) lost Ta dùng câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2+3 để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với khứ, kết trái ngược với Hardly + had + S + V (PP) when + S + V E.g Hardly had I arrived 374 11 A 12 C 13 A 14 C 15 B 16 D 17 B (past) Được dùng để diễn tả hai hành động xảy khứ, hành động xảy trước, hành động xảy sau (=Scarcely + had + S + V (PP) when + S + V (past) Có nghĩa “vừa mới…thì” Although / though / even though đứng đầu câu hai mệnh đề để thể tương phản Although/ though/ even though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2 = S2 + V2 + although/ though/ even though + S1 + V1 Khi mệnh đề nhượng có xuất Adj/Adv ta đưa chúng lên đầu câu theo cấu trúc Adj/Adv + As/Though +S +V, clause (=Although/ though/ even though S1 + V1, S2+V2) Ta dựa vào nghĩa câu để chọn Câu cho: Khi nhỏ, Mary thích thú nhồi bơng Cơ khơng thể ngủ mà khơng có A Khi cịn nhỏ, Mary thích thú nhồi bơng nhiều tới nỗi khơng thể ngủ thiếu (đúng) B Khi cịn nhỏ, Mary thích thú nhồi bơng để khơng phải ngủ với (sai) C Vì khơng thể ngủ mà khơng có gấu nhồi bơng nên Mary thích (sai) D Hồi nhỏ Mary thích thú nhồi bơng khơng thể ngủ thiếu (khơng logic) home when the telephone rang Although / though / even though đứng đầu câu hai mệnh đề để thể tương phản Although/ though/ even though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2 = S2 + V2 + although/ though/ even though + S1 + V1 Unless = If not Chúng ta sử dụng if not unless + đề cập đến tình xảy tương lai (câu điều kiện loại 1) Unless + S + V (simple present), S + will/can/may/… + V (bare) On + V-ing: Khi làm hành động mệnh đề diễn Trong đang… Although / though / even though đứng đầu câu hai mệnh đề để thể tương phản E.g Although her job is hard, her salary is low 375 E.g Though her job is hard, her salary is low E.g Old as you are, I will marry you (= Although you are old, I will marry you) E.g You will not gain high score in IELTS exam unless you learn English every day E.g On walking along the street, I saw them E.g Although her job is hard, her salary is low Although/ though/ even though + S1 + V1, S2 + V2 = S2 + V2 + although/ though/ even though + S1 + V1 So sánh kép: Khi hai vật hay hai việc thay đổi cấp độ, dùng hình thức so sánh hai mệnh đề để diễn tả điều Cấu trúc: - the + short adj / adv.- er + S + V, the + short adj / adv - er + S + V - the more + long adj / adv + S + V, the more + long adj / adv + S + V - the + short adj / adv.- er + S + V, the more + long adj / adv + S + V - the more + long adj / adv + S + V, the + short adj / adv - er + S + V - In spite of giới từ thể tương phản - In spite of đứng trước danh từ, cụm danh từ, đại từ (this, that, what…) V-ing Đảo ngữ với “Such… that”: Such + to be + (adj) + N + that + clause (quá đến nỗi) Đảo ngữ với “not until” Not until + clause/ Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V + (that) + clause (Chỉ đến khi…) 18 D 19 C 20 A 21 C 22 B 23 B 24 C 25 D - Neither… nor dung để diễn tả ý nghĩa phủ E.g Neither I nor you are định: “không…cũng không…” right Neither + danh từ + nor + danh từ số + động từ số ít… - Neither + danh từ + nor + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều… 26 A 27 A Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ sung thông tin “the man” Who dùng để thay cho the man làm chủ ngữ vế sau - So that: Mệnh đề mục đích Mệnh đề + SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT + S Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với “So…that…” So + adjective +to be + S + that + clause (quá…đến nỗi…) Although đứng đầu câu hai mệnh đề để thể tương phản Although + S1 + V1, S2 + V2 = S2 + V2 + although+ S1 + V1 - Mệnh đề quan hệ với Which, dùng để nối câu với Which thay cho human brain - Đây mệnh đề không xác định nên ta thêm dấu phẩy 376 E.g The older he got, the quieter he became E.g Mary went to the carnival in spite of the rain E.g Such was a boring lecture that I felt sleepy E.g Not until I got home did I know that I had lost my key E.g So happy was she that she was jumping up and down E.g Although her job is hard, her salary is low E.g James, who is our brother, is moving to New Jersey E.g The women who are talking to my son used to be his colleagues E.g I study hard I want to pass the exam => I can/could/will/would + V … - Lưu ý: Thơng thường khơng có NOT dùng can /could cịn có NOT dùng won’t / wouldn’t, trừ trường hợp có ý ngăn cấm dùng can’t/couldn’t 28 D 29 C 30 C 31 B 32 C 33 C 34 B 35 A 36 B 37 C study hard so that I can pass the exam E.g I study hard so that I won’t fail the exam Dựa vào nghĩa câu để chọn Câu cho: Anh ta không đáp lại lời trích Điều làm tình tồi tệ A Tình tồi tệ đáp trả với lời trích (sai, khơng đáp trả) B Vì làm tình tồi tệ nên khơng đáp trả (sai) C Lời đáp trả không tốt khiến tình tồi tệ (sai tương tự câu A) D Sự bất lực đáp trả lời trích khiến tình tệ (đúng) “All of which” dùng để nối hai câu, E.g He has five cars All “which” dùng đại từ quan hệ of them were made in thay cho “the letters” câu trước Japan => He has five cars, all of which were made in Japan Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với “So…that…” E.g So happy was So + adjective + be + S + that + clause she that she was jumping (quá…đến nỗi…) up and down As/ Since/ Because…+ S +V+O E.g Because it’s raining, Sử dụng để nối hai mệnh có quan hệ nguyên I will not go to school nhân, kết In order to/ so as to + S+V cụm từ mục E.g I bring my raincoat đích in order to keep myself dry Whose đại từ liên hệ đứng liền sau danh E.g The men whose từ để làm sở hữu cách cho mệnh đề sau houses were damaged will be compensated Mệnh đề quan hệ với Which, dùng để nối câu E.g This is the village với Which thay cho the well câu sau in which my father was Khi câu có giới từ, ta đưa giới từ born lên trước which Trong câu này, ta hiểu “from which” = where Besides (giới từ) có nghĩa "bên cạnh" Nó E.g Besides doing the dùng trước danh từ/đại từ/danh động từ cooking, I look after the garden “Most of which” dùng để nối hai câu, E.g He has many cars, “which” dùng đại từ most of which are green quan hệ thay cho “the buses” câu trước - Whose đại từ liên hệ đứng liền sau danh E.g.Lucy, whose 377 38 A 39 C 40 D 41 A từ để làm sở hữu cách cho mệnh đề sau Câu dùng dấu phấy mệnh đề khơng xác định - Mệnh đề “whose car was stolen last week” để bổ sung thông tin “My friend Edwin”, để xác định Edwin Khi hai vật hay hai việc thay đổi cấp độ, dùng hình thức so sánh hai mệnh đề để diễn tả điều (so sánh kép) Cấu trúc: - the + short adj / adv.- er + S + V, the + short adj / adv - er + S + V - the more + long adj / adv + S + V, the more + long adj / adv + S + V - the + short adj / adv.- er + S + V, the more + long adj / adv + S + V - the more + long adj / adv + S + V, the + short adj / adv - er + S + V - Mệnh đề quan hệ với Which, dùng để nối câu với Which thay cho tân ngữ Italian pair of shoes câu sau - Không chọn A D không hợp nghĩa Không chọn B hành động mua đôi giày (bought) xảy trước việc đôi giày bị (went missing) nên phải chia khứ hoàn thành (had bought) Câu điều kiện loại : If + S+ had+ V3/Ved, S + would have + V3/Ved Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện khơng có thật q khứ But Even though nối hai mệnh đề có quan hệ tương phản Thêm vào đó, đáp án B, C, D sai mặt nghĩa so với câu cho: A Mặc dù có nhiều tác dụng khác nhau, loại thuốc thường có chức cho tác dụng đặc biệt mother is a writer, had just planned to bring out a Parenting book E.g The older he got, the quieter he became E.g The human brain, which weighs about 1,400 grams, is ten times the size of a baboon’s E.g If I had studied harder, I would have pass the exam E.g Although her job is hard, her salary is low -> Her salary is low, but her job is hard B Một loại thuốc tạo cho mục đích cụ thể, có loạt hiệu ứng khác C Các chức dự kiến loại thuốc khác sử dụng cho bệnh cụ thể D Mặc dù hiệu loại thuốc được, chức vơ số 42 D Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: Dùng cụm phân từ E.g The house which is hai để rút gọn mệnh đề bị động being built now belongs to Mr John = The house built now belongs to 378 Mr John E.g The human brain, which weighs about 1,400 grams, is ten times the size of a baboon’s E.g The house which is being built now belongs to Mr John = The house built now belongs to Mr John E.g I study hard I want to pass the exam => I study hard so that I can pass the exam E.g I study hard so that I won’t fail the exam 43 B Whose đại từ liên hệ đứng liền sau danh từ để làm sở hữu cách cho mệnh đề sau 44 C Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: Dùng cụm phân từ hai để rút gọn mệnh đề bị động 45 A - 46 C E.g Old as you are, I will marry you (= Although you are old, I will marry you) 47 B 48 D Khi mệnh đề nhượng có xuất Adj/ Adv ta đưa chúng lên đầu câu theo cấu trúc Adj/Adv + As/Though +S +V, clause Ta dựa vào nghĩa để chọn đáp án Câu cho: Dù trời mưa khơng có khác biệt Họ A Sự khác biệt họ trời mưa (sai) B Dù mưa hay không, họ (đúng) C Nếu mưa, họ khơng (sai) D Nếu khơng có mưa, họ (sai) Not only…But also: Khơng những/ khơng … mà cịn Dùng câu nói có mà có hai tính chất S+V+not only+N/ adj/adv/V + But also + N/ adj/ adv/ V Dạng đảo ngữ Not only + Trợ động từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ + but also + Chủ ngữ + Động từ 49 D Mệnh đề danh ngữ bắt đầu 'that' đóng vai E.g That he passed the entrance exam was such surprise So that: Mệnh đề mục đích Mệnh đề + SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT + S can/could/will/would + V … - Lưu ý: Thơng thường khơng có NOT dùng can /could cịn có NOT dùng won’t / wouldn’t, trừ trường hợp có ý ngăn cấm dùng can’t/couldn’t trị làm chủ ngữ cho động từ 'made' 50 C E.g He is not only handsome but also intelligent E.g Not only does he sing very well but he also plays guitar professtionally Where/ when/ why/ what/ that…+ S+ V+ V As/ Since/ Because…+ S +V+O E.g As it’s raining, I will Sử dụng mệnh đề nguyên nhân, kết not go to school 379 PHẦN 2: VIẾT LẠI CÂU SAO CHO NGHĨA KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI Câu Đáp án A D A D A A A D C 10 D 11 12 13 B C D 14 15 D D 16 D 17 B 18 19 A C 20 D 21 22 D B 23 A Giải thích Ghi Diễn đạt tương đương: enough +N+to smth so…….that Câu điều kiện loại III Diễn đạt tương đương: S+ have/has not V(PII) for Sự chuyển đổi time, the last time S+V( QKD) was time hồn thành q khứ đơn Diễn đạt tương đương: This is the first/ second/third time, Clause (Present Perfect) Diễn đạt tương đương: S+ have/has not V(PII) for Sự chuyển đổi time, the last time S+V( QKD) was time hồn thành khứ đơn Diễn đạt theo nghĩa tương đương: be better than any be the best Diễn đạt tương đương: so as to+ Clause= in order that+ Clause= so that+ Clause Diễn đạt theo nghĩa tương đương: be V(PII) because, made sth Adj Diễn đạt theo nghĩa tương đương: too many + Noun = so many + Noun + that + Clause Diễn đạt tương đương: It + be (hiện đơn) + P2 + Impersonal passive that + S + V(quá khứ) S + be + P2 + to have P2 Đảo ngữ: although S+ to be + Adj Adj as S be Diễn đạt theo nghĩa tương đương Diễn đạt tương đương với cấu trúc đảo ngữ no longer: No longer + Aux + S +V Inf Đảo ngữ: Because S be adj So Adj be S Diễn đạt tương đương even though despite: Even though/ Though/Although + Clause Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing/ Gerund Diễn đạt tương đương: be (not) sure if, be (not) certain whether or not; be aware that+ clause, to know sth Biến đổi tương đương giữa: a Chủ động bị động b Be sentenced to months in prison receive a six-month sentence Diễn đạt tương đương: to sth in order to V Diễn đạt tương đương: It + be (hiện đơn) + P2 + Impersonal passive that + S + V(hiện đơn) S + be + P2 + to V.inf Diễn đạt tương đương: It + be (hiện đơn) + P2 + Impersonal passive that + S + V(quá khứ) S + be + P2 + to have P2 Diễn đạt tương đương, câu bị động Diễn đạt tương đương: It + be (hiện đơn) + P2 + Impersonal passive that + S + V(quá khứ) S + be + P2 + to have P2 Diễn đạt tương đương, câu bị động 380 24 25 26 27 D C B A 28 B 29 30 31 32 33 C C B D B 34 35 36 37 38 39 B A C B A D 40 41 42 A A B 43 44 45 46 B D D B 47 48 49 50 D D C C Diễn đạt tương đương, câu bị động Diễn đạt tương đương, câu bị động Diễn đạt tương đương, câu bị động Diễn đạt tương đương, câu bị động: have smth done have sb smth Diễn đạt tương đượng: happen to smth: smth by chance (By luck, accidentally) Diễn đạt tương đượng: Shoud = happen to smth Diễn đạt tương đương, as soon as= right after Diễn đạt tương đương, chủ ngữ giả Diễn đạt tương đương, chủ ngữ giả Diễn đạt tương đượng: máy tính tốt chủ biết khai thác Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương: be less trusted/ be mistrusted Diễn đạt tương đương Câu mệnh lệnh: “ Do not V” , told not to sth Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương: câu ĐK III: điều trái với QK otherwise: khơng Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương: Only S + V , S + be the only person Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Câu trần thuật, “ If i were you, I ”, advised S to sth Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương nghĩa Diễn đạt tương đương: so as to in order to Chủ ngữ giả: It be adj to V V_ing to dosth be adj PHẦN 3: CHỨC NĂNG GIAO TIẾP Câu Đáp án Giải thích Đây câu hỏi kĩ giao tiếp yếu tố văn C hóa C lời đáp lịch trước lời cảm ơn A,B câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có - khơng D câu xác nhận câu trả lời thiếu lịch trước lời cảm ơn A, D câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có-khơng, khơng B phải câu trả lời trước lời mời lịch C dùng ta muốn nói khơng gặp khó khăn làm việc 381 Ghi D A B B A D C 10 11 A B 12 B 13 14 A A 15 A 16 D 17 C Đây câu hỏi tình giao tiếp, ta chọn câu trả lời lịch trước lời yêu cầu B,C câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có-khơng hỏi khả A lời đáp thiếu lịch Câu hỏi đuôi cho câu mệnh lệnh cách Dịch nghĩa B phù hợp A Điều tùy thuộc vào bạn B Cảm ơn, mua cửa hàng Macy C Tơi khơng thích D Đúng bạn nói Đây câu hỏi yếu tố văn hóa liên quan ẩm thực A nhiều B Chín kĩ C Rất D Tơi khơng thích Dịch nghĩa: A Chắc chắn B Ồ, điều thật đáng ngạc nhiên C Dĩ nhiên khơng Bạn coi điều chắn D Vâng, ý kiến thật ngu xuẩn Ta có cấu trúc câu: S1 + would rather/sooner + that + S2 + V(past) C Cảm ơn, chuyển lời A Đó vinh hạnh B Không đâu D Ý kiến hay đấy, cảm ơn A lời khen ngợi làm tốt điều Ta dùng can, could, would, will để yêu cầu người khác làm điều Could would dùng trường hợp trang trọng lịch Ta dùng câu hỏi đuôi phủ định sau câu xác định sử dụng trợ động từ “do” cho thứ số nhiều đơn Đáp lại lời khen B phải sửa thành “I’m sorry, I can’t” C lời đáp lại lời khen tặng cách khiêm tốn D lời cho phép làm điều Dịch nghĩa A Khơng, chẳng thú vị B Thật đáng tiếc C Đừng bận tâm D Vâng, mong bạn đến thăm Khi muốn hỏi việc gây lo lắng, ngạc nhiên, sợ hãi, ta dùng câu hỏi: What’s wrong?/ What’s the matter?/ What’s the problem? A lời đồng ý đề nghị, lời mời B lời khun bảo khơng nên lo lắng 382 18 19 B C 20 B 21 B 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 B 26 27 A D 28 D 29 D 30 D 31 D 32 D bảo điều họ muốn D: Tôi không quan tâm => không phù hợp Cấu trúc: Do sb a favour (giúp đỡ ai) Câu trả lời cần tìm lời chúc sinh nhật Many happy returns = Happy Birthday Đáp lại lời cảm ơn người khác, ta dùng thành ngữ sau: - You’re welcome - Not at all Don’t mention it - Never mind, “By all means” dùng để đưa lời cho phép làm A lời xác nhận việc C lời đáp lại trước lời mời D lời đáp trước lời đề nghị Vì câu trả lời “never mind” dùng để đáp lại lời cảm ơn xin lỗi Câu trả lời đáp lại lời đề nghị giúp đỡ C dùng để thể việc muốn khơng thể B Think it over: suy nghĩ kĩ D câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có-khơng Đây câu yêu cầu lời đáp diễn tả đồng ý từ chối Câu trả lời bày tỏ thái độ đồng ý phản đối ý kiến cho trước A sai lời chúc mừng C sai câu cảm thán khơng lịch D sai đâu lời khuyên cho việc xảy khứ Câu trả lời đưa lời khuyên tương ứng với câu hỏi Ta phải chọn lời khen tặng tương ứng với lời cảm ơn Ta dùng câu hỏi đuôi xác định sau câu phủ định (có trạng từ phủ định “hardly”) sử dụng trợ động từ “had” cho q khứ hồn thành Trước lời mời, ta bày tỏ chập nhận từ chối lời mời A,C câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có-khơng B câu đáp lại lời đề nghị Ta dùng “would rather” để diễn tả thích với dạng: Would rather + V(infinitive) + than…… Thành ngữ: Make yourself at home : Cứ thoải mái/ tự nhiên nhà Dịch nghĩa: A: khơng cịn B: Tơi khơng hồn tất C: Tơi khơng D: Tôi đến 383 33 A 34 D 35 D 36 37 A B 38 39 A B 40 41 42 A C C 43 A 44 45 46 47 D D C A 48 49 50 B A C B,D câu trả lời cho câu hỏi có-khơng C dùng để đáp lại lời xin lỗi D câu đồng ý trước lời đề nghị A trả lời câu hỏi có-khơng C diễn tả đồng ý phần với ý kiến B diễn tả đồng ý với ý kiến Ngữ cảnh đòi hỏi yêu cầu dành cho Mike A sai “you” khơng với “shall” B sai ngữ nghĩa khơng phù hợp C sai u cầu cho nhóm người, khơng phải riêng cho Mike Đây câu đáp lại lời cảm ơn Để thay cho từ thời gian, ta dùng đại từ quan hệ “when” không kèm với giới từ Đáp lại lời xin phép, A phù hợp Vế đầu câu hỏi đuôi để thể phủ định, đồng ý ta phải trả lời “NO” That’s not a good idea không tán thành I’m with you = I agree with you Câu phủ định dùng neither/either Neither dùng câu đảo ngữ thể khẳng định Cấu trúc Why not/ why don’t you (we) dùng để đưa gợi ý, đề nghị Neither can I/ I can’t, either Câu trả lời lời an ủi trước tin không vui Chủ ngữ câu hỏi “this sweater”, nên chủ ngữ câu trả lời phải “it” Câu trả lời diễn tả đồng ý giúp đỡ Lời đáp lại đồng ý cho câu xin phép Make fun of sb : Chế giễu 384