University industry cooperation in research and development (rd) from the perspective of universities in hanoi

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI HAI YEN UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI MASTER’S THESIS Hanoi, 2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI HAI YEN UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNIVERSITIES IN HANOI MAJOR: Public Policy CODE: 8340402.01 RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: Dr NGUYEN THUY ANH Hanoi, 2022 COMMITMENT I hereby declare that the thesis “University-industry cooperation in research and development (R&D) from the perspective of universities in Hanoi” is my own research under the supervision of Dr Nguyen Thuy Anh The research’s method is qualitative and all interviews were conduct by me The research result and conclusions of the thesis were not public in other research I will take responsibility for this commitment Hanoi, date 26 month 06, 2022 Author Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and give my deepest respect and appreciation to all those who are related to this research and who gave me valuable encouragement and guideline First and foremost, the completion of this thesis could not have been possible without the sincere efforts and valuable time given by my supervisor, Dr Nguyen Thuy Anh – Program Director, Lecturer in the Master’s Program in Public Policy Her suggestions and directions, insightful advice, in-depth scientific knowledge, research experience, and timely support during the time I conducted the thesis have not only helped me in improving and completing my research but also inspired me to work independently and diligently Besides my supervisor, I would like to express my gratitude to other lecturers in the Master’s Program in Public Policy, including Dr Dang Quang Vinh, Dr Vu Hoang Linh, Dr Naka Shigeto, Dr Ho Hong Hai, Dr Phung Duc Tuan, Prof Okamoto Naohisa, Prof Fujimoto Koji for their valuable comments, constructive criticisms, recommendation and passionate support during the time I build up my proposal and conduct my thesis I would also like to thank my classmate, Nguyen Thanh Binh for supporting and encouraging me whenever I have difficulties and for keeping my development on track Last but not least, I would like to express my warm gratitude to my family for being beside me, bringing me moral support and motivation to overcome difficulties in almost two years of my Master’s learning Table of content INTRODUCTION 1 Reason for choosing the topic 2.Research background Research question Research objectives Research subjects Research hypothesis Research method Research scope Outline of the research CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Research related to the concept of universities and enterprises cooperation 1.2 Research on University-industry cooperation in Research and Development (R&D) 1.3 Researches on factors affecting University-Industry cooperation in R&D 11 1.4 Research gap 20 2.1 Basic concepts .21 2.1.1 University 21 2.1.2 Enterprise 21 2.2 Concept and model of university – industry cooperation 22 2.3 Concept and model of technology transfer 24 2.4 Concept of commercialization 25 2.5 Concept of university-industry cooperation in R&D Why is university-industry cooperation in R&D important? 26 3.1 The case of China 28 3.1.1 The history of China’s university-industry cooperation 28 3.1.2 China’s policies related to the cooperation 29 3.1.3 Activities of university-industry cooperation 32 3.1.4 Lesson learned 33 3.2 The case of USA 34 3.2.1 The history of the USA’s university-industry cooperation 34 3.2.2 USA’s policy related to the cooperation: Bayh-Dole act 34 3.2.3 Activities of university-industry cooperation 36 3.2.4 Lessons learned 37 i 3.3 The case of Japan 38 3.3.1 The history of the Japan’s university-industry cooperation 38 3.3.2 Japan’s policy related to the cooperation 40 3.3.3 Activities of university-industry cooperation 42 3.3.4 Lessons learned 43 4.1 Historical change in policies relating to university-industry cooperation 44 4.2 The case of universities in Hanoi 56 4.2.1 The case of Phenikaa university 57 4.2.2 Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA) 67 4.3 Discussing on the two cases .78 4.4 Discussing on factors affecting university-industry cooperation 80 5.1 State policy 83 5.2 University policy 84 References 85 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 R&D cooperation activities between universities and enterprises Table 1.2 Factors affecting universityindustry cooperation in R&D activities Table 3.1 1993 amendment to Article 15,16,17 of China’s 1988 Constitution Table 3.2 Japan – Intellectual Property Rights in 2021 Table 4.1 The list and the discussion of policies and legal document relating to the university-industry cooperation and university-industry cooperation in R&D.” Table 4.2 The list of Phenikaa’s policies in Research&Development Page 13 Page 16 Page 27 Page 36 Page 46 Page 56 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The development of Triple- Page 20 Helix Model Figure 2.1 The process of technology transfer Page 22 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS R&D: Research and Development VNUA: Vietnam National University of Agriculture U-I cooperation: University-Industry cooperation iv INTRODUCTION Reason for choosing the topic In the world, “the university-business relationship has a history spanning a century In the Asian region, this relationship has been recognized since World War II Universities with the function of creating, storing and spreading knowledge need effective partners to apply knowledge as well as perform their social functions Enterprises cannot exist and develop without scientific knowledge as well as human resources with that knowledge created by universities With the increasing importance of this relationship for social development, the state has also become more and more influential and in recent years has actually become involved as an actor, creating out a new relationship with the three components This relationship has been studied and modeled with the Triple Helix concept, proposed in the 90s of the last century by Etzkowitz (1993), Etzkowitz, H and Leydesdorff (1995), following the results of Lowe (1982), Sábato and Mackenzi (1982).” There are many forms of cooperation between universities,”research institutes and enterprises, which include: Cooperation on research activities, technology transfer and commercialization of inventions; Teaching; Construction of facilities; Through the training program; Short-terms internship; Organizing seminars, conferences, etc.) There are differences between the forms of association common in developed and developing countries In which, cooperation activities in developed countries mainly focus on technology transfer, research cooperation, universities tend to switch from traditional roles to a combination of knowledge transfer, technology transfer and commercialization While in developing countries, universities and enterprises focus more on teaching and internship activities (Jose, 2013).” The world and Vietnam stand on the threshold of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 with the explosive development of new technology.”The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has been radically changing production forms according to the trend of meeting the needs of personalization, lean and flexible production lines, minimizing costs and time Enterprises that want to survive and develop sustainably in the new era need to fundamentally change their business and production methods, labor structure and labor qualifications and give priority to creative activities, innovation and application of science and technology In addition, the university is not only a place to store, create and spread knowledge through two main activities: teaching and scientific research but also has a role and responsibility for developing the local and national socio-economic conditions To accomplish that third mission, cooperate with external parties to transfer knowledge into specific and valuable products for the community Commercialization of research results and intellectual property is one of the top priorities in science and technology development policies of many countries in the world in general and Vietnam in particular According to the Resolution of the 6th Conference of the Party Central Committee, Terms XI, 2012,”universities must be centers for scientific and technological research, technology transfer and application in production to life; implement close linkages between enterprises, employers, training institutions and the State to develop human resources according to social needs; Enterprises are the center of application innovation and technology transfer, the most critical source of demand in the science and technology market; There should be cohesion between these units to improve efficiency in research and development activities” In 2021, the "National Science and Technology Market Development Program to 2030" was issued according to Decision 1158/QD-TTg, according to which one of the tasks is to develop a mechanism to promote cooperation in the field of science and technology , university - enterprise; commercialization policy, quickly putting research results and intellectual property into production and business; promote cooperation between enterprises - institutes and universities in the direction of ordering technology or forming research projects, technology incubation, science and technology business incubation Support innovation activities of enterprises There have been many studies in Vietnam on the relationship between enterprises,“research institutes and universities However, few studies focusing on cooperation in research and development (R&D) Therefore, the author chooses the topic "University-enterprise cooperation in Research and Development from the perspective of universities in Hanoi" Based on building and perfecting the theoretical basis of the linkage relationship between universities,”enterprises and the state, and at the same time analyzing and evaluating the current situation of this relationship and related policies in Vietnam Nam, the topic aims to determsine the factors affecting cooperation between enterprises and universities in research and development activities, and propose appropriate solutions to develop this relationship.” 2.Research background 2.1 Theoretical necessity - First, systematize research on the cooperation between university and enterprises in R&D activities - Second conduct empirical research on the cooperation between universities and enterprises in Vietnam; perception of universities on the role of cooperation between universities and enterprises in Vietnam in the national innovation system Clarifying the factors affecting the cooperation 2.2 Practical necessity Systematize research on the the cooperation between university and enterprises in R&D activities Lessons learned from some countries in the world Systematize the system of policy in Vietnam on promoting cooperation between enterprises and universities in R&D Identifying and clarifying by quantitative methods about the perception of universities on the role of cooperation between universities and enterprises in Hanoi and factors affecting the cooperation Proposing priority policy solutions to strengthen the cooperation between university enterprises in R&D activities Research question What factors affecting the cooperation between universities and enterprises in R&D? Research objectives - “First, systematize research on the cooperation between universities and enterprises in research, development, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results Lessons learned from some countries around the world - Second, systematize the policy system to assess the impact of policies on the cooperation of universities and enterprises in research, development, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results - Third, research on the cooperation between enterprises and universities, in research, development, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific research results; Clarify the motivational factors and barriers of universities in this cooperation - Fourth, propose priority policy solutions to enhance thecooperation between universities and enterprises in Hanoi in particular and Vietnam in general in research, development, technology transfer and technology transfer, commercialization of scientific research results.” Currently,”the University has successfully transferred many products such as Dried fruit tea (Bio Techcare), dried products (plum, persimmon, litchi ).” Cooperation activities take place in enterprises ordering and jointly giving ideas for research, development, and negotiation on cooperation content (depending on the contract) For example, the faculty side will research, the enterprise side will provide machinery, create a brand to bring products to the market).” VNUA_01; VNUA_02;VNUA_03;VNUA_04: “For the Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, there are not many cooperative activities with enterprises in the research, the studies are mainly related to rural development policies for the locality, mainly The main focus is on practical and practical activities Cooperation can be through academies, academies with topics and orders from enterprises, provinces, and cooperatives University will consider which topics are appropriate and introduce them to other partners The Faculty of Economics has cooperated with other faculties to carry out research projects: The University cooperates with Trung Nam Group to implement development models, raising livestock under solar panels (Ninh Thuan); Animal feed enterprises….” VNUA_07: “Cooperation may include research to change teaching strategies, subject programs, scientific research, targeting the needs of the market, meeting the needs of society.” Each Faculty will have its activities,”with the Faculty of engineering, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry will have more specific activities with enterprises With economics departments, cooperation can be through the design and improvement of training programs, job placement, internships, and practical faculty support Enterprises have orders for research and consulting for accounting and business administration faculties Currently, some enterprises want to access and expand the market in the technology field in the direction of a sustainable economy On the one hand, they cooperate with the Faculty of Engineering to conduct field research, and on the other hand, cooperate with economic and business administration sectors to study local economic and social issues.” (4) In your opinion, what factors affect the cooperation between universities and enterprises in R&D? VNUA_01; VNUA_02: "Policies on intellectual property and technology transfer are obvious, with instructions and guidelines In addition, ministries and departments have programs on science and technology for lecturers to participate in research However, lecturers and universities rely heavily on the state's financial resources but must be more proactive in cooperating with enterprises There are high requirements for progress and high practicality for enterprises, but the profits earned from cooperation with enterprises 74 are huge and need to be taken advantage of The university encourages and supports a lot in cooperation with enterprises There is a clear distribution policy, calculated as a percentage of the contract, fee management, and a salary and bonus regime for individual research authors (with a clear ratio, the larger the contract, the greater the profit)." The university has a lot of internship activities, training, and" participating in domestic and foreign courses to improve research and cooperation capacity However, the number of lecturers of the university is still tiny compared to the number of students, so the lecturers not have much time for research activities, which needs to be improved in the future." The enterprise's capacity is also an essential factor, in the initial stage, building an image and reputation in cooperation is very important The university's reputation is built from scientific publications, magazines, science and technology festivals, seminars, products displayed at fairs, science and technology festivals to have the opportunity to access enterprise) In connecting with equipment suppliers who have equipment used in factories, used in analysis and research," they often organize seminars to introduce new equipment participating enterprises, three parties (equipment suppliers, enterprises, researchers/lecturers) thereby opening up new cooperation opportunities." VNUA_03;VNUA_07: "This is a cooperation between enterprises and universities, so state policies not affect too much The state also has policies and legal regulations to facilitate cooperation and technology transfer between universities and enterprises Mainly the negotiation between the two parties is the factor affecting cooperation." The university always has a policy to create conditions for lecturers to participate in projects and research topics," there are skill improvement classes, practical experience programs so that lecturers have the opportunity to improve their skills high cooperation capacity." The university's faculty are all experienced and have good research skills, so the policy of promoting university research is very strong The capacity and ability of lecturers to work is the most important factor in achieving effective cooperation as well as the prestige and reputation of the faculty/university and attract many enterprises Secondly, the facilities are also an important issue, the more modern the facilities and equipment scale, the more motivated and qualified the lecturers will be to research and create good works and products to transfer as well as and attract cooperation with enterprises." 75 VNUA_04: "First of all, state policies are very important to the cooperation between enterprises and universities, both state and business funds support many topics and projects, the university is the supporting unit research Policies have created a good environment for cooperation The State should have direct investments to support cooperation between universities and enterprises in research and transfer; more empowering enterprises and universities in implementing financial mechanisms There are many very good policies for research and development, but enterprises have not yet approached them With the development of information technology, the state needs to promote digital-based processes for enterprises to have easier access to state investment capital and reduce administrative procedures The capacity and experience of lecturers in research and technology transfer are essential factors, creating a premise for cooperation activities With a reputation for research, the university will attract business partners With academia, the input of lecturers is excellent so that they can be active in research and teaching activities.” VNUA_05: "State policies are complete and specific through documents relating to technology transfer and intellectual property rights,etc… However, the implementation of the documents is still not good We are in the stage of taking a shortcut, so focusing on efficiency is the main thing, but we have not focused on procedures to become simpler and more efficient The university has quite open and proactive policies, creating conditions for lecturers to cooperate with the university and creating the best conditions for cooperation with external organizations, provided that the university's image is ensured The university is also very active in building social networks and enterprises to promote cooperation In terms of facilities, the university has invested heavily and is receiving significant funding from the World Bank, especially with engineering and technology faculties Investment capital: international organizations, socialization, investment from professors, associate professors However, for the social sciences (economics, business), investment has not been sharp enough to match the needs of enterprises Specifically, there has been no investment in scientific press accounts, and accounts for supporting consulting work worldwide (Harvard Business review…) have not yet been invested More investments in this data are needed to be closer to the business and have more advantages to attract cooperation with the enterprises To attract cooperation with enterprises, universities must understand what enterprises need Universities need to find out the value that can be created: The first can be 76 economic benefits (indirect profits (through the university's image, enterprises can promote its image) or direct (through changes to the idea of the university) new)) Universities should aim for co-entrepreneurship – co-innovation (private universities should be concerned) This cooperation is geared towards enterprises' entrepreneurship, innovation, and value creation Second, social responsibility, balance negative externalities (to the environment, etc.) in education, training, research, and shared value creation." VNUA_06: "State policies not have too much influence on cooperation between enterprises and universities, it is just the basis for cooperation The cooperation mainly depends on the negotiation between enterprises and universities University policy plays a huge role in promoting research and collaboration Firstly, the university has a clear regulation that each lecturer annually conducts specific teaching hours and scientific research hours (including working on topics, projects, writing articles, attending seminars, etc.) If you the lecturers not meet the requirements, they will be deducted from the lesson Secondly, in terms of salary and bonus mechanism, payment for teaching activities of lecturers at academies is relatively low compared to the level of public universities This is also a factor that makes lecturers promote their teaching activities, scientific activities (participating in topics, projects, etc.) However, the current problem of the university is that the salary system is not suitable for lecturers, including scientific research activities, compared to other public universities and private universities, so lecturers tend to participate in external projects Third, the university environment is very competitive in scientific research activities, and lecturers have a lot of pressure on scientific research activities From there, the lecturers need to cooperate and compete with each other, pushing the research activities of the lecturers up." (5) (Optional) In your opinion, what should be changed/improved to promote cooperation between universities and enterprises in R&D activities VNUA_02; VNUA_05: “Firstly, the faculty's training program needs to be changed, associated with the needs of enterprises It is necessary to have a clear direction on linking training and research with the practical needs of enterprises and society, so that cooperation with enterprises will be promoted more, students have more opportunities to approach and learn research with business 77 Second, the university's facilities (laboratory, machinery and equipment) still not meet the expectations of the lecturers as well as the number of students, the practice time of students is still small Third, it is necessary to further promote research cooperation activities between different faculties in the university, to promote responsiveness to the needs of enterprises and cooperation with enterprises Fourthly, the university's salary and bonus policy has not really encouraged qualified lecturers, research experience and practical experience Many lecturers not have much practical knowledge, so it is not suitable for the needs of enterprises The university as well as the lecturers themselves need to be more active in participating in practice and improving their practical experience further, so that they can attract and take advantage of cooperation activities with the university enterprise.” 4.3 Discussing on the two cases Vietnam National university of Agriculture represents a public university and Phenikaa University represents a private university in Hanoi."First of all, lecturers of two universities consider the U-I cooperation in R&D is important, strategic and beneficial, not only for the university and the enterprise, but also for the development of science and technology and society From the university's point of view, cooperation between enterprises and universities is necessary because education (teaching and learning) must be associated with practice, answering practical questions Therefore, cooperating with enterprises in research and development, thereby applying them to training as well as solving problems posed by enterprises and society is a very important task of higher education, cooperation and cooperation Collaboration is an opportunity for lecturers to improve their practical capacity and apply knowledge in practice to the needs of business and society with ideas and financial support Lecturers will have better research conditions to create excellent and breakthrough products Besides, cooperation also brings lecturers better income besides teaching income (because the income from teaching is usually not high) Secondly, on the business side, to be able to develop sustainably, they need to have innovations suitable for different stages They have financial resources, but they need time and a team to carry out research and development towards innovation Therefore, the relationship between enterprises and universities is mutually beneficial and creates benefits for the whole society.” It can be seen that, ”between the two universities, there are many differences in policies and cooperation between enterprises and universities in R&D activities." Both universities identify scientific research and aim to cooperate with business in many activities where research and development, as well as technology transfer and commercialization, are 78 large and vital goals Both universities have specific policies on the management of science and technology activities and intellectual property The documents have clear and detailed instructions on research and technology transfer activities Besides, each university has activities aimed at science and technology development and commercialization With different characteristics, the activities and policies of the two universities also have certain differences Therefore, there are diverse views from lecturers and researchers.” With many years of operation and many achievements in science and technology," Vietnam National University of Agriculture are active in cooperation between universities and enterprises in research, technology transfer, commercialization, achieved many remarkable results, especially with the faculties of technology and engineering The University has built a reputation and attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign enterprises and organizations The university itself has also established spin-off enterprises and innovation centers as well as a competitive environment in research activities, thereby promoting research and innovation, technology transfer in universities However, with certain limitations, many expectations about improving the salary and bonus policy as well as the university's facilities were set by the lecturers." As a private and newly established university,"Phenikaa University has made great efforts in forming agencies and units in charge of science and technology activities, as well as the Department of Science and Technology as well as government policies books and manuals for these activities, and at the same time, Phenikaa University has also established cooperation with enterprises, performing tasks, providing Besides, Phenikaa University has the advantage of belonging to Phenikaa group, so it will be easier to connect with enterprises in the groups, so there have been many cooperating activities between Phenikaa University and companies and enterprises of the group, specifically Phenikaa X company, which has the goal of becoming a leading technology company in the field of self-driving cars and industrial robots in Vietnam and is a place of cooperation between a team of engineers and lecturers in the university to create breakthrough technology products." It can be seen that "to create more cooperation and better results, new and private universities can promote science and technology activities in the university, developing a reputation that attracts the interest and cooperation of students many enterprises, thereby encouraging more robust technology transfer and commercialization activities." 79 4.4 Discussing on factors affecting university-industry cooperation Based on interviews and the research from universities," some discussions about factors affecting cooperation between enterprises and universities can be made from the university's point of view." First, about state policy,"Both universities believe that state policies will create a good foundation and corridor for cooperation activities, but this is not a decisive factor for cooperation activities because cooperation between enterprises and universities is mainly based on negotiations and agreements between the two parties Accordingly, many opinions say that the State currently introduced policies and legal regulations to facilitate cooperation and technology transfer between universities and enterprises, including the Law on Science and Technology, Law on Intellectual Property, Law on Technology Transfer; Policies to encourage scientific and technological potential This can be considered a motivating factor for cooperation between enterprises and universities." However,"there are also some opinions that the implementation of the documents is still not good We are in the stage of taking a shortcut, so focusing on efficiency is the main thing, but we have not focused on the procedures to become simpler and more efficient, so in the implementation of the procedures, there are still many problems It is also expected that the State will have programs and direct investments to support cooperation between universities and enterprises in research and transfer; more empowering enterprises and universities in implementing financial mechanisms There are many good policies for research and development, but enterprises have not yet approached them With the development of information technology, the State needs to promote digital-based processes for enterprises to have easier access to state investment capital and reduce administrative procedures." For private universities, it is said that state policies not have too much influence on cooperation activities and motivation because it mainly depends on the will of university leaders Government policies have taken a step forward for private universities to promote cooperative activities However, there are many expectations that the State has a more precise guiding policy framework for private universities in science and technology activities Second,"about university policies At the two universities, interviewees believe university policy is a significant factor in cooperation between enterprises and universities, especially for private universities, which science and technology policies such as regulations on the number of research periods of lecturers, the establishment of strong research groups, science and technology departments, innovation centers are all good foundations, promote research activities and cooperation between universities and 80 enterprises In addition, the formation of a competitive and cooperative environment among lecturers is also considered a factor promoting scientific and technological research and development activities and cooperation with universities It can be seen that the achievements in science and technology as well as business cooperation at the National University of Agriculture are the result of the formation of a competitive environment within the university The development and completion of technology transfer processes, intellectual property to protect the interests of lecturers in cooperation, ensure product protection rights, and regulations on intellectual property of products are also approved considered an important factor promoting research and technology transfer between universities and enterprises Actively looking for business partners and building topics and programs with enterprises will create opportunities for faculties and lecturers to participate in cooperation, research and development, which is also considered a significant factor Promoting and developing cooperation activities between enterprises and universities." Facilities are a very important factor affecting the promotion of scientific activities as well as cooperation with enterprises between lecturers and faculties and enterprises Facilities are also an important issue, the more modern the facilities and equipment scale, the more motivated and qualified the lecturers will be to research,"create good works and products for transfer as well and attract cooperation with enterprises Besides the need for investment in modern and quality facilities Many people think that the investment in the social sciences (economics, business administration ), the investment in data sources as well as scientific press accounts (such as Harvard Business review…) has not yet been invested and needs to be more focused This view is similar in both public and private universities." Regarding human resource policy, lecturers believe that lecturer input is an essential factor that can affect the quality of scientific research activities."Besides attracting lecturers with research experience, reputation and scientific reputation, attracting young lecturers with potential is a good direction However, in order to take advantage of the resources, another important factor is the policy on human resource training, the establishment of research groups, and investments to help lecturers have the opportunity to have practical experience.” Third, "university capacity is a very important determsinant in research and development cooperation between enterprises and universities The capacity and ability of lecturers to work is the most important factor to achieve effective cooperation as well as the prestige and reputation of the faculty/academy and attract many enterprises This is also a determining factor in whether the cooperation between enterprises and universities is sustainable or not Universities must understand what enterprises need to have a well81 defined point of view to attract cooperation with enterprises Universities need to determine what value can be created: First, economic benefits through innovations bring about economic efficiency Universities should aim for co-entrepreneurship; coinnovation This cooperation towards entrepreneurship, innovation, and value creation for enterprises Identify the goals and importance of cooperation In addition, cooperation between enterprises and universities also brings benefits to society through creating value for society from investment in higher education, and supporting universities in education and training Research, and create a shared value creation system Having identified these cooperation goals, the university will have goals and orientations to improve staff and lecturers' capacity and attract enterprises' attention." Fourth, "about the characteristics of the business The views are that the reputation of the business usually does not have much influence on the decision and cooperation activities The field of activity and the goal of the cooperation is what the university is interested in cooperating with enterprises." 82 CHAPTER RECOMMENDATION IN ENHANCING UNIVERSITYINDUSTRY COOPERATION IN R&D In the context of the industrial revolution 4.0 with many new competitions and challenges, especially during the Covid-19 epidemic period,”which greatly affects socio-economic activities, it can be seen that the role of science and technology is growing Developing the science and technology market contributes to improving enterprises' innovation capacity and the economy's competitiveness, strengthening the connection between scientific research and technological development with production and business Universities' role in meeting society's needs and scientific and technological progress is increasing Therefore, cooperation between enterprises and universities in research and development activities is important and sustainable The research proposes some content with state, university, and business policies.” 5.1 State policy To “achieve success and efficiency in business and university cooperation in research and development, state policy still serves as the foundation for promoting development The article makes some suggestions:” First, on science and technology policy, “there are policies to encourage and promote the establishment of science parks, start-ups and incubators One of the major barriers to the cooperation between universities and enterprises is the lack of an intermediary organization to connect, share information, solve problems, and create trust between universities and enterprises Between enterprises or universities, there needs to be a connection to share information and coordinate to take advantage of each other's strengths Science and technology intermediaries play an important role in developing technology bridges Technology intermediaries are involved in various activities ranging from technology diffusion and transfer, innovation management, and the establishment of appropriate systems and partner networks to technology service delivery These intermediary cooperation promotion organizations can be the Technology Transfer Office (TTO), License office or the University-enterprise Cooperation Council The existence of a University-Business Cooperation Council plays a special role and can enhance cooperation between government, universities, institutes and enterprises Science parks should be built near universities and support university research groups to initiate their research, using connections with public investment institutions and subsidies for entrepreneurs From there, universities can participate in the science and technology market by providing science and technology experts for enterprises; Establishing a research cooperation center between institutes/universities and enterprises; sharing R&D resources with enterprises; participating in order-based research collaborations or knowledge transfers; Technology transfer Enterprises can participate in the following 83 activities: Receiving technology from universities/research institutions; Exchange of scientific and technological human resources with universities/research institutes; Funding universities/research institutes through collaborative research projects; Contributing investment capital to establish new enterprises based on applying research results of institutes/universities; Set up a research center (or lab) Policy on protection and transparency of intellectual property rights in research cooperation between universities, research institutes and enterprises is an important element of science and technology policy In addition, the actual research product is not just a collaboration between universities, institutes and enterprises Still, the authors are directly scientists, so there will be more relationships and ownership of the research institutes Researcher Policies need to ensure harmony for the tripartite relationship to resolve conflicts, and at the same time not take away the development motivation of each member, creating an environment for cooperation.” Second, on policies related to financial issues, “the State needs to have more tax preferential policies for enterprises to encourage them to cooperate with universities in R&D activities In addition, there should be encouragement through establishing an investment fund with priority given to supporting cooperative activities and commercialization of cooperative products.” Third, to improve the university's capacity, the article proposes to develop criteria for technology transfer and commercialization with enterprises as one of the university ranking criteria; In addition, it is necessary to develop policies to attract university representatives to participate in business councils and boards At the same time, the state can issue state-level awards and titles with rewarding and motivating individuals and collectives that excel in cohesive activities.” 5.2 University policy First, “the organizational mechanism and the establishment of a specialized department on enterprises cooperation in universities is important to develop relationships with enterprises This department should be equipped with experienced industry personnel with effective negotiation and support skills capable of providing support services, finding partners, and transferring commercial knowledge and development At the same time, the department needs to maintain close relationships with scientists in different departments and have appropriate incentives to promote academic interest in solving university problems The corporate relations department needs to develop a clear set of goals, policies and procedures to overcome bureaucratic barriers to research and procurement funding and ensure that scholars are adequately rewarded for their work, their efforts In addition, it is necessary to establish university-run enterprises, technology park, research centers and institutes serving research and development activities as well as 84 commercialization; 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