Tai Lieu Chat Luong $22.95 In From Beirut to Jerusalem, Thomas L Friedman of The New York Times has drawn on his decade in the Middle East to produce the most trenchant, vivid, and thoughtprovoking book yet on the region No issue in international politics has been more hotly debated than the Arab-Israeli conflict No part of the world has consistently made more headlines during the past forty years than the Middle East And no reporter has illuminated both the ArabIsraeli conflict and the rhythms of Ufe in the Middle East with more immediacy and brilliance than Tom Friedman, twice winner of the Pulitzer Prize for international reporting—once for his coverage of Lebanon and a second time for his work in Israel Friedman is a master of the sharp anecdote and the telling detail that sum up a world of ideas in microcosm He describes with intense vividness what it's like to live in a city gone mad like Beirut; he leads us on an unforgettable journey into the inner circle of Arab regimes to show how the game of Arab politics is really played; he examines the intifada and Israeli-Palestinian relations, the PLO, Israeli politics, the Lebanese factions, news reporting from the Middle East, and America's difficulty in understanding them Extremism, terrorism, fundamentalism on right and left—Friedman puts all the operative currents into perspective with an inimitable specificity and clarity Each chapter is a stop on Friedman's own remarkable journey from Beirut to Jerusalem—a journey which he brings alive through anecdote, history, analysis, and autobiography His book, he writes, "is about a young man from Minnesota who goes to Beirut and confronts a world for which nothing in his life had prepared him, a student of Middle East politics who discovers that the region bears little resemblance to the logical and antiseptic descriptions he found in most of his textbooks It is about a Jew raised on all the myths about Israel who discovers that it isn't the summer camp of his youth but an audacious and still unresolved experiment to get Jews to live together in the midst of the Arab world Lastly, it is a (continued on back flap) (continued from front flap) book about the people in Beirut and Jerusalem themselves, who, I discovered, were going through remarkably similar identity crises Each was caught in a struggle between the new ideas, the new relationships, the new nations they were trying to build for the future, and the ancient memories, ancient passions, and ancient feuds that kept dragging them back into the past." From Beirut to Jerusalem is a major work of reportage, a much needed framework for understanding the Middle East—yesterday, today, and tomorrow THOMAS L F R I E D M A N was boni in Minneapolis in 1953 He graduated from Brandeis University and held a Marshall Scholarship at St Antony's College, Oxford, earning an M.Phil, in Modern Middle East Studies in 1978 From 1979 to 1981, Mr Friedman was UPI's Beirut correspondent In 1982, he became the New York Times Beirut bureau chief, winning a 1983 Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon In 1984, he moved to Jerusalem as the Times bureau chief, and in 1988 won a second Pulitzer Prize for reporting He became the Times chief diplomatic correspondent, covering the State Department and foreign affairs, in January 1989 Mr Friedman's honors include the Overseas Press Club Award (1980), the George Polk Award (1982), the Livingston Award for Young Journalists (1982), the New York Newspaper Guild Page One Award (1984), and the New Israel Fund Award for Outstanding Reporting from Israel (1987) He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for his work on this book He lives in Washington with his wife, Ann,- and daughters Orly and Natalie Jacket design © 1989 by David Gatti Author photo © 1989 by Jerry Bauer Farrar, Straus and Giroux 19 Union Square West New York 10003 0-374-15894-0 789 FROM BEIRUT TO JERUSALEM JTJTnjTJTJTJTnjTJTJTJTnjTJTriTL FROM BEIRUT TO JERUSALEM Thomas L Friedman FARRAR STRAUS New York GIROUX Copyright © 1989 by Thomas L Friedman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Printed in the United States of America Published simultaneously in Canada by Collins Publishers, Toronto FIRST EDITION, 1989 Fourth printing, 1989 Library of Congress catalog card number: 89-45583 Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to reprint previously published material: Excerpt from Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, copyright © 1954 by Grove Press Inc., renewed 1982 by Samuel Beckett Excerpts from the "PLAYBOY interview: Yasir Arafat," PLAYBOY magazine (September 1988), copyright © 1988 by PLAYBOY Reprinted with permission All rights reserved Interview conducted by Morgan Strong For my parents, Harold and Margaret Friedman Acknowledgments 511 While I was stationed in Beirut, there were two people without whom I simply could not have survived—my assistant Mohammed Kasrawi and the Times local reporter, Ihsan Hijazi Mohammed, whofiguresprominently in the first chapter of this book, was the most loyal and loving comrade-in-arms a foreign correspondent could ever hope for We met in Beirut, coming from two ends of the world—I a Jew from Minnesota, he a Palestinian refugee from Jerusalem During our years together, though, we became family Some of our bonding moments were times of great tragedy, but there were many happy memories as well Though we each have since retreated to the different worlds from whence we came, the bond between us will never be broken This is no less true for myself and Ihsan, who, in my opinion, is thefinestArab journalist working today His wisdom informed my reporting; his friendship sustained me during some of Beirut's darkest hours Four friends in particular played major roles in helping me conceptualize this book and to better understand the events I witnessed in Beirut and Jerusalem They are Fouad Ajami, Meron Benvenisti, Yaron Ezrahi, and David Hartman Fouad, who teaches at the School for Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, is in a class by himself when it comes to thinking originally about the Middle East His help was indispensable in enabling me to fully comprehend Beirut and its constituent communities His intellectual courage was also an inspiration It was through endless conversations with Meron, a genius much misunderstood by his own people, that I came to truly understand the dynamics of the Jewish-Palestinian conflict Yaron, with his incisive grasp of political theory, always helped me to appreciate the universal in some of my particulars His insights into why Israel is in the news and how America relates to the Middle East opened up new avenues of inquiry for me Sidra, his wife, taught me much about the impact of the Holocaust on Israelis One of the things I miss most about Jerusalem are the raucous debates we held around their dinner table No one is quoted in this book more than David Hartman, for the simple reason that no one taught me more about Israel and the Jewish people than he did His ideas contributed enormously to my reporting from Israel, and they infuse almost every chapter of this book as well My debt to him as a teacher and a friend is incalculable 512 Acknowledgments The manuscript was read in advance by Fouad, Yaron, and David, as well as by a wise historian, Professor J C Hurewitz of Columbia University A part was read with perspicacity by the Israeli expert on the Bedouin, Clinton Bailey My friends Michael Sandel and his wife, Kiku Adatto, both of Harvard University, also sat patiently through a reading of an early draft, which they helped me to sharpen Those who have read my articles in the Times during my tenures in Beirut and Jerusalem will note that in a few chapters I have occasionally drawn on previously reported material and quotations, although I have tried to keep this to a minimum Wherever I have quoted people by only a first name, it was done at their request for reasons of personal safety I am also indebted to two institutions for their support in my research and writing The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation provided me with a generous grant The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars extended me funding, office space, and a researcher In particular, I would like to thank Sam Wells and Robert Litwak from the Wilson Center for making my stay there both possible and congenial It goes without saying that the statements and views expressed in this book are mine alone and are not necessarily those of the Wilson Center or the Guggenheim Foundation Laura Blumenfeld served as my researcher and translator in Israel; she brought real insight and enthusiasm to everything she prepared for me John Wilner did the same in his capacity as my assistant at the Wilson Center Julie Somech and Debra Retyk, my assistants at the Times bureau in Jerusalem, were always there to help My Aunt Bev and Uncle Hy and friends Morrie and Jake came through for me after my father died in ways that will never be forgotten My in-laws, Matthew and Carolyn Bucksbaum, allowed me to make a mess of their Aspen house during the six weeks I worked in their basement, which is only typical of the way they have supported me at every turn in my career My editor, Jonathan Galassi, and the whole team at Farrar, Straus and Giroux treated this project with tender loving care from beginning to end They were an author's dream My agent, Esther Newberg, handled all my business affairs with her usual blend of professionalism and class Acknowledgments 513 This book is dedicated to my father, Harold Friedman, of blessed memory, and my mother, Margaret It would never have been written, though, without the encouragement and loving support of my wife, Ann, who accompanied me from the beginning of this journey to its end Lord knows, what she put up with could alsofilla book Without her friendship and strength (and editing) I never would have made it My daughters, Orly and Natalie, had to get by with an absent father for too long as this book was in progress I only hope when they grow old enough to read it, they will appreciate why Thomas L Friedman Washington, D.C March 1989 Index Abbas, Muhammad, 446 Abbas, Nadim, 81 Abd al-Jalil, Ghanim, 97 Abdullah (student), 420 Abdullah ibn Hussein, 14, 15, 99, 115 Abraham, 260, 311 Abrams, Cal, 299-300 Abu Dhabi, 208 Abu Fadi, 162 Abu Hajem, 172 Abu Iyad, 123 Abu Jihad, 120, 169, 171 Abu-Jumaa, Majdi, 355 Abu-Jumaa, Subhi, 355 Abu Laila, 342, 377 Abu Musa, 406 Abu Nader, Fuad, 23 Abu Nidal, 169, 406, 507 Abu Salman, Hana, 29 Abu Sharif, Bassam, 411 Abu Sisi, Hatem, 372 Achille Lauro, 446, 496 Aden, 102 A.D.T Research, 426-27 Agence France-Presse, 366 Agnon, S Y., 417 Agudat Yisrael Party, 288-89 Ain Rammanah, 17 Ajami, Fouad, 104-5, 127, 146, 195-96, 209, 493, 502 Akiva, Rabbi, 417 'Alam, Nabil al-, 158 Al-Anba, 122 Al-Baath, 241 Alfei Menashe, 361-62 Ali (caliph), 12 Ali, Naji al-, 369 Al-Kifah al-Arabi, 111 Allen, Woody, 247, 479 Allon, Yigal, 260-61, 263, 331, 469 Aloni, Shulamith, 268 Al-Qabas, 369 Al-Quds, xi al-Ram, 425 America-Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), 457 American Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 466 American University of Beirut, 35, 36,39 American University of Cairo, Amichai, Yehuda, 437-38, 486 Amman, 17, 153, 167, 366, 369, 370 Anda, Torleiv, 435 "Angry Ones, The" (Qabbani), 366 An-Nahar, 192, 227, 241 Antar, Ali, 102 Aoun, Michel, 239 Arab League, 15, 366 Arab Selim, 181 Arab Strategies & Israel's Response (Harkabi), 274 Arafat, Inam, 109 Arafat: Terrorist or Peacemaker? (Hart), 104 Arafat, Yasir, xii, xiii, xiv, 16, 17, 57, 59, 63, 106-25, 128, 130, 135, 141, 144, 145-46, 147-49, 15155, 156, 167-68, 169, 170-75, 5i6 Index Arafat, Yasir {continued) 178, 183, 190, 191, 342, 366-70, 382, 385, 388-89, 403-8, 409, 411, 421, 422, 447 Arens, Moshe, 484 Arif, Arif el-, 93 Armstrong, Neil, 429 Ashes and Dust, 281 Ashkelon, 312, 345 Assad, Hafez al-, 77-79, 80, 81, 82, 89, 91, 95-96, 100, 103-5, 4 45, 157, 501 Assad, Rifaat al-, 79, 81, 82-86, 90, 194 Assad: The Struggle for the Middle East (Seale), 79n As-Safir, 164, 210 Asseily, Anthony, 45-46 Assi, Johar, 337-38 Atallah, Atallah Mohammed (Abu Zaim), 121 Atlantis, 152 Aubergil, Eliyahu, 472-73, 474 Auerbach, Avraham, 472 Auschwitz death camp, 276, 280 Aviad, Janet, 350 Avineri, Shlomo, 130-31, 467-69, 486 Ayish, Mohammed, 97 Ayoub (poet), 149-50 Baabda, 140, 199, 200 Baader-el-Shouf, 181 Baath Party, 79, 83 Baba Sali, 288-89 Babi Yar, 432 Badawi, 60 Baghdad, 282, 405 Bailey, Clinton, 87, 330-31 Baka, 471 Bakr, Ahmad Hasan al-, 96 Balata refugee camp, 495 Balfour, Arthur J., xi Bar-Am, Micha, 275 Barrett, Bill, 49-50, 173-74, 446 Barzani, Mustafa, 115 Beau Rivage Hotel, 230, 231 Beaver, George, 34-35 Beckett, Samuel, 212 Beedh, Ali Salem al-, 102 Begin, Aliza, 178 Begin, Menachem, 9, 130, 136-37, 142-45, 157, 159, 165, 169, 79, 182, 184, 259, 263-64, 266, 269, 274, 280, 291, 469-70, 486, 493, 495, 497, 501 Beirut Country Club, 31 Beirut Daily Star, 236 Beit Sahur, 326, 380 Beit Yam, 370 Bekaa Valley, xi, 18, 37, 39, 52, 140, 172 Ben-Dov, Meir, 429 Bengigi, Esther Koenigsberg, 184 Ben-Gurion, David, 14, 141-42, 253, 259, 271, 298, 304, 315 Ben-Porath, Yoram, 463 Ben-Tov, Yehuda, 345 Benvenisti, Meron, 327, 344, 354, 360-61, 413, 443 ben Zakkai, Yohanan, 455 Berlin, Chaim, 313 Berri, Nabih, 177, 194, 232, 234 Beth El, 328 Bethlehem, 324, 326, 338 Bikfaya, 235 Bingham, Marjorie, 453 Binun, Avihu, 282 Bir Zeit, 362 Blass, Jonathan, 326-27 Blass, Shifra, 326-27 Blass, Shlomo, 327 Blessit, Arthur, 246 Blessit, Joshua, 246 Blumenfeld, Laura, 395-400 B'nai Akiva, 327 B'nei B'rak, 295-96 Bonanza Bar, 276, 295, 410-11 Borowski, Tadeusz, 187-88 Boston Globe, 432 Bouhabib, Abdullah, 195-96 Bowen, 201 Index Brandeis University, 6, Brezhnev, Leonid, 120 Brilliant, Moshe, 440 Broder, Jonathan, 331-32 Brody, Tal, 293 Brooklyn Dodgers, 299 Brown, George, 331 Buchenwald death camp, 282 Bucksbaum, Ann, Bucksbaum, Matthew, 477-78 Burg, Avraham, 134, 270 Burg, Yosef, 273, 440-41 Burin, 448 Butt, Gerald, 45, 245 Cable News Network (CNN), 392 Cairo, 6, 109 Cairo University, 109 Cambridge Book of Aphorisms, 270 Camel-Toueg, Nadine, 218-19, 240 Camp David accords, 266 Carter, Jimmy, 7, 104, 484, 497, 502, 504, 508 Casey, William, 204 Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 473 Chafets, Ze'ev, 291-95, 410, 411, 459 Chamoun, Camille, 13, 124-25, 232 Chamoun, Danny, 13, 137, 139 Chehab, Emir Maurice, 239 Christian Science Monitor, 52 Citizen's Rights Party (RATZ), 268 Cohen, Geula, 268 Cohen, Stuart, 166 Coleman, Manson, 203 Commodore Hotel, 8, 25, 64-65, 66-67, 160, 166, 225 Compagnons de la Chanson, 459 Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, 458 Corfu, Chaim, 363 Cranberg, Gilbert, 517 Cronkite, Walter, 451, 453, 493, 495 Dallas, 219 Dallas restaurant, 323 Dallas Times Herald, 446 Damascus, 5, 77, 80, 160, 169 Damour, 161 Daniel, Leon, Davar, 280 Day, Richard, 38, 45, 230 Dayan, Moshe, 259, 260-61, 263 Dead Sea, 491 de Gaulle, Charles, 460, 501 Degel Hatorah, 289 Deir Nizam, 327 Demjanjuk, John Ivan, 397 Democratic Movement for Change (DASH), 268 Des Moines Register, Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Wehr), 375 DiFranco, Eddie, 201 Dillon, Roberts., 199 Dine, Tom, 458 Dinitz, Simcha, 436, 469 Dizengoff, Meir, 284 Dodge, David, 505, 506 Dome of the Rock, 305 Doonesbury, 64 "Dream Is Dying, A," 434 Dromi, Dalia, 347-48 Drori, Amir, 166 Dry Bones, 480-81, 488 Dukakis, Michael, 427 East Jerusalem Development Corporation, 429 Eban, Abba, 263, 268, 270, 274, 438-39, 469, 488 Eddy (landlord), 251 Eder, Yehuda, 276 Efron, Avigdor, 280 Si8 Eichmann, Adolf Otto, 278 Eilat, 16, 274 Eitan, Rafael, 145, 165 Eitan (child), 397-99 Elazar, David, 259 Elkanah, 349 Elon, Amos, 486 Elon Moreh, 351 Eshkol, Levi, 260, 261, 461 Etzion, Yehuda, 305 Evening Standard (London), Events, 70 Exodus, Book of, 509 Ezrahi, Sidra, 281-82 Ezrahi, Yaron, 282, 427-28, 434, 466-67, 499, 501 Ezzedine, Diala, 35-36 Face the Nation, 195 Fadlallah, Sayyid Muhammad Hussein, 506 Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia, 95, 146 Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, 146 Faith & Power (Mortimer), 12 Fallan (candy seller), 423-24 Farouk-Sluglett, Marion, 97 Farrell, Bill, 25-26, 49, 57-58, 129-30 Fasheh, Munir, 334 Faulkner, Pat, 220-21 Feisal, Riyad, 414-15 Finestone, William H., 451 Firer, Ruth, 277-78, 349 Franjieh, Jehane, 138 Franjieh, Tony, 138 Franjieh, Vera, 138 Frank, Benis M., 189«, 201-2 French Connection, The, 29A Friedman, Ann, 3, 9, 36, 41, 48, 55, 202, 219, 243, 492 Friedman, Natalie, 492 Friedman, Orly, 492 Friedman, Shelley, Index "From Foe to Friend" (Agnon), 417 Galilee, 14, 386 Galnoor, Itzhak, 455 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 383 Gaynor, Gloria, 33 Gaza District, 15 Gaza Strip, xii, 15, 109, 113, 254, 255, 262, 269, 271, 273, 301, 322-65, 370, 377, 386-87, 390, 408, 409-11, 413-15, 417, 418, 421, 447, 484, 485, 494, 496, 500 Gazit, Shlomo, 184 Geagea, Samir, 138, 183, 217-18, 234 Gemayel, Amin, xiii, 177-78, 19398, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207-8, 209, 218, 219, 230-31, 235, 239, 485, 500 Gemayel, Bashir, xiii, 9, 13, 13638, 141, 144, 156-59, 160, 164, 176, 177, 178, 191 Gemayel, Pierre, 13, 177, 232, 235 Geraghty, Timothy, 200-5 Gershuni, Moshe, 272 Gezira Sporting Club, Ghanoum, Fast Eddy, 127 Giora (cousin), 312-13 Glass, Charles, 74 "God—may there be no end" (Senesh), 417 Gol, Ehud, 416, 458-59 Golan Heights, xii, 5, 16, 305, 397 Goodies Supermarket, 31-32 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 370, 427 Goren, Shlomo, 364, 365 Greenwald, Toby, 348 Greer, Ken, Grossman, David, 276 Grunzweig, Emil, 269-70 Guam, U.S.S., 206 Gur, Mordechai, 259 Gush Emunim, 264-65, 286, 302, 307, 316, 318, 320, 327, 466-67 Index Ha'aretz, 16, 332, 417 Habash, George, 63, 68, 112, 120, 150-51, 175, 406 Habib, PhilipC, 148, 190 Hadashot, 355-56 Haddad, Wadia, 194 Haidar, Najib Abu, 238 Haifa, 5, 170, 324, 347, 348, 349, 386, 387 Haimovitz, Yuval Nadav, 291 Hajjaj, Abdul Wadud, 61-64 Halabja, 91 Halhul, 392 Halwany, Amine, 32 Hama, 9, 76-105 Hama: The Tragedy of Our Time, Which Exceeded the Massacre at Sabra and Shatila, 81 Hamad, Jameel, 338-39 Hamadan, Ali, 195 Hamdani, Husayn al-, 97, 98 Hammana, 49 Hamra, 149 Hanafi, Musa, 362-63 Haredim, 297-305, 315-18 Harel, Israel, 345, 349-50 Hareven, Aluph, 390-91 Harkabi, Yehoshafat, 274 Harman, Abe, 489 Hart, Alan, 109 Hartman, David, 262, 268, 275, 313-21, 404, 422-23, 433, 487 Hassan, Hani al-, 147, 148 Hassan, King of Morocco, 95 "Hatikva," 437 Hausier, Ariel, 343 Hawatmeh, Nayef, 68, 120 Haydar, Ali, 81 Hay es Salaam, 192 Hazak, Reuven, 356 Hebrew University, Hebron, 112, 258, 260, 262, 306, 311, 324, 338, 341, 345, 376, 378 Herod's Tomb, 438 Herzl, Theodor, xi, 277, 291, 310 Herzliya, 408 Herzog, Chaim, 306, 356, 430 519 Higgins, William, 505 Hijal, Riyad, 213-14 Hijazi, Ihsan, 25-26, 39, 41, 149, 232-33 Hijazi, Yasmin, 41 Hillal, Jameel, 68 Hillenbrand, Barry, 60 Hiram, King of Tyre, 137 Hirst, David, 52, 152 Hizbullah, 225, 306, 505-6 Hobbes, Thomas, 29-30, 42, 48, 252 Holocaust, 277-78, 279-83, 434, 449 Horowitz, Neri, 131-32, 140 Hoss, Selim al-, 239 Hourani, Albert, 214-15 Hureau, Jean, 76 Hussein Ibn Talal, King of Jordan, xiii, 15, 16, 95, 96, 99, 118, 167, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, 259, 334, 366, 367-68, 370, 498 Hussein, Mohammed, 323-24 Hussein, Saddam, 90, 96-97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103-5, 112 Hutner, Reb Isaac, 304 Ibn Jama'a, 94 Innocents Abroad, The (Twain), 491-92 International Herald Tribune, 43132 Interns for Peace, 395 Iowa, U.S.S., 205 Iran, 146, 431, 468, 507 Iraq, 431 Iraq Since 1958 (Farouk-Sluglett and Sluglett), 97 Isaac, 260, 272, 311 Ishteyyeh, Mohammed, 337, 363 Ismail, Fouad, 83 Ismail, Hajj, 172 Israeli Nature Preservation Society, 347 Itka (aunt), 276 520 Index Jackson, Jesse, 123, 467 Jacob, 260, 311 Jaffa, 14, 170, 386, 387 Jameel (Palestinian), 383 Jebril, Ahmed, 60 Jeneid Prison, 352 Jericho, 258, 326 Jerusalem, 14, 112, 366 Jerusalem Post, 241, 269, 279, 284, 295, 323, 345, 380, 451, 464, 467, 482-83 Jewish State, The (Herzl), xi Jezzine, 181-82 Jisr a-Zarqa, 348 John Rodgers, 201 Jumblat, Kemal, 104, 153 Jumblat, Walid, 104, 152, 153, 177, 196, 199, 231, 232 Kahane, Meir, 348-49 Kalandia, 377 Kam, Musa al-, 377-78, 382 Kamel, Hussein, 98 Kamel, Raghd, 98 Karami, Rashid, 232 Karun, Lake, 52 Kasrawi, Ahmed, 26, 27 Kasrawi, Azizza, 25, 26, 27 Kasrawi, Hanan, 25, 26, 27 Kasrawi, Mohammed, 24-28, 5759,61 Kasrawi, Nazira, 26, 27 Kavaler, Howard, 418 Kawasmi, Eid, 373 Kaylani, Adib al-, 82-83, 84, 85 Kelley, P X., 195 Kelman, Rabbi, 488-90 Kennedy, Edward M., 62 Kerem, Andre, 376-77 Kerr, Malcolm, 36-37 Kfar Kassem, 349 Kfar Saba, 397-99 Khalaf, Ramsi, 229 Khalaf, Rosanne, 229 Khalaf, Salah (Abu Iyad), 122 Khalaf, Samir, 47, 229 Khalef, Karim, 306 Khalife, Iman, 236-38 Khalil, Samir Ibrahim, 378-80 Khan Yunis, 372 Khartoum, 257 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 146, 205, 226, 366, 468, 501, 502 Khouri, Bishara al-, 158 Khouri, Michel, 55 Kibbutz Degania, 277, 280 Kibbutz Hahotrim, 5, 452 Kibbutz Yad Mordechai, 304-5 Kibbutz Yodfata, 315 Kifner, John, 70, 102-3 Kilburn, Peter, 507 Kimche, David, 139 Kim II Sung, 120 Kirschen, Ya'akov (Dry Bones), 480-81, 488 Kiryat Arba, 260, 306 Kissinger, Henry, 7, 36, 460, 497, 504-5, 508 Klinghoffer, Leon, 446 Knesset, 268 Koleilat, Ibrahim, 71, 234 Koleilat, Rima, 228 Kollek, Teddy, 427, 489 Kook, Abraham Isaac, 307, 309 Kook, Zevi Judah, 307 Koppel, Ted, 446 Korean War, 459 Krelitz, Reb Avram Yeshayau, 298 Kura, 234 Kurds, 90-91 Kuttab, Daoud, 378, 384-85 Labadi, Mahmoud, 57-59, 67-68, 69 Laila, Abu, 373-74 Landau, Moshe, 357 Landau, Uzi, 484 Landau Commission, 358-59 Lapkin, Teddy, 132-33, 181 Lausanne, 230, 231 Index Lawzi, Salim al-, 70 Lebanon, 135 "Letter to an American Friend," 467-69 Leviathan (Hobbes), 29-30 Levin, Jeremy, 74 Levinger, Moshe, 260 Levy, Avi, 280-81 Lewis, Bernard, 94-95, 98 Libya, 282, 506-7 Lior, Itzhak, 183 "Little Station Treblinka, The," 281 Lloyd George, David, 428 Lorberbaum, Menachem, 393 Lutfi Ib-Maslem, Hashem, 359 Ma'ariv, 296, 356 Maccabi Tel Aviv, 265 "MacDavid's," 459 McFarlane, Robert, 200-1, 204 McGrory, Mary, 436-37 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 90 Mahjub, Mohammed, 97 Mahne Yehuda, 342 Majdanek death camp, 280 Manchester Guardian, 52, 152 Manoukian, Antranik, 45 Mansdorf, Amos, 440 Margalit, Avishai, 484 Markowitz, Herman, 479-80 Maron (monk), 11 Marxist Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, 68 Mashghara, 140 Mashhadi, Muhyi Abd al-Husayn al-, 96-97 Mattar, Mohammed, "Me and My Surfboard," 290 Mea Shearim, 287 Mecca, 148 Medina, José, 197 Meir, Golda, 142, 260, 263, 280, 404, 469 Meir, Yehuda, 362 521 Mercaz ha-Rav yeshiva, 307 Meridor, Dan, 484 Metulla, 274 Middle East Economic Survey, Mifgash Beth El—Samir, 378 Mikdaad, Ilham Dahir, 164 Mikdadi, Lina, 40, 152-53 Mike (barber), 213 Minneapolis, Minn., Mitzna, Amram, 425-26 "Mi Yivne Bayit," All Mohsen, Alia, 118 Mohsen, Zuhair, 118 Moment, 373 Monday Morning, 31 Monitin, 81 Moon, Keith, Mordechai, Yitzhak, 356 Mortimer, Edward, 12 Moses, 312, 317, 436, 509 Moses, Ofra, 361-62 Mount Lebanon, 11 Mount Scopus, 492 Mubarak, Hosni, 112 Mugrditchian, Myrna, 44 Muhammad, 12 Muhammad, AH Nasir, 102-3 Murabitoon, 70-72 Musawi, Hussein, 234 Muslim Brotherhood, 78-80, 81, 82-86, 90 Mussawi, Sayyid Abbas al-, 505 "My Neighbor, My Enemy" (Friedman), 395 Nabatiya, 179-80 Nabih (merchant), 230 Nablus, 258, 324, 326, 345, 351, 393, 448, 495 Nadia (maid), 24 Najm, Munzer, 46 Najwa (researcher), 420 Naor, Areyh, 253 Narkiss, Uzi, 259 Nasif, Mohammed, 85 522 Index Nasser, Gamal Abdel, xii, 15, 278, 468, 501, 502 Nawaf, Muhammad, 341 Nazzal, Yousef, 66 Neeman, Yuval, 265, 268 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 446-47, 484 Neve Tzuf, 327 New Jersey, U.S.S., 205, 206, 49293 Newsweek, 61, 411 New York Times, The, 9-10, 24, 25, 57, 73, 77, 102, 129-30, 165, 166, 203, 227, 244, 247, 283, 297, 347, 396, 407, 408, 440-41, 452, 462, 479, 486 New York Times Magazine, The, 395 Nightline, 446 Nissan Ish-Goyev, 359 Nixon, Richard M., 460, 504-5 North, Oliver, 506-7 North and South, 400 Norton, Augustus Richard, 180 Nusseibeh, Anwar, 325 Nusseibeh, Sari, 325-26, 328, 36465, 386, 412 O'Connor, Cardinal John, 430, 439 Ofra, 345 Ohr Somayach yeshiva, 297-305, 313 Oliphant, Pat, 185 Oliver, Keith, 210 Olmert, Ehud, 484 Oppenheim, Elchanan, 351 Orr, Ya'acov "Mendy," 347 Osseiran, Adel, 232 Ottieri, Franco Lucioli, 206 Oz, Amos, 486 "Ozymandias" (Shelley), 154 Pasha, Rustum, 93 Peleg, Zvi el-, 411 Peres, Shimon, 182, 255-56, 257, 260, 270-71, 285, 356, 397, 457, 469, 476 Peretz, Yitzhak, 504 Persian Gulf, 508 Petach Tiqvah, 349, 417 Philadelphia Inquirer, 49-50 Pintac, Larry, 65 Playboy, 106, 109, 170, 231, 385 Poland, 137, 143 Poliker, Yehuda, 281 Political Language of Islam, The (Lewis), 94-95 Pollard, Jonathan J., 463, 468-69, 478, 479 Poltergeist, Al Popular Front, 68 Posner, Ze'ev, 392 Potok, Chaim, 429 Pringle, Jim, 173 Prothro, Terry, 35, 39, 42, 43-44 Qabbani, Nizar, 366 Qabr Chamoun, 230 Qaddafi, Muammar, 506-7 Qana'an, Hamdi, 332 Qardaha, 77 Qatar, 56, 367 Qawasmeh, Fahd, 256-57 Qawasmeh, Zuhair, 361 Qortabawi, Fahim, 221-22 Ra'anana, 400 Rabbo, Yasir Abed, 171,367 Rabin, Leah, 263 Rabin, Yitzhak, 130, 256-57, 259, 260, 263, 270, 271, 356, 384, 394, 457, 460, 469 Radford, 201 Radwan, Atif, 340 Radwan, Mazen Khair Ahmed, 388 Rafah, 362 Rafiah, Zvi, 465 Index Ramallah, 326, 342, 378, 380, 416, 418, 419, 425, 431 Ramsi (child), 230 Randal, Jonathan, 159 Reagan, Ronald, xiii, 107, 127, 144, 146, 171, 190-92, 204, 2079, 220, 370, 427, 482, 483, 48485, 493 Red Cross, 26, 35, 40 Reinich, Jacques, 158-59 Remai, 414 Remembrance Day (Yom Hazikaron), 274 Rimon School of Jazz and Contemporary Music, 290-91 Riskin, Shlomo, 284 Rizk, Georgina, 120 Roberts, Doug, 52 Roberts, Jeffrey, 210 Romberg, Alan, 209 Rosenthal, A M., 9-10, 283 Rubinstein, Amnon, 268, 272 Russell, Stephen E., 201-2 Saab, Khaled, 33 Saba, Elias, 234-35 Sabbua, Kalba, 417 Sabra Palestinian refugee camp, 9, 73, 159-67, 191,435,478 Sadat, Anwar, xiii, 89, 115, 122, 274, 404, 406, 422, 493, 495, 497 Saed Abu Musa, 172-73 Safdie, Moshe, 490 Saffah, Abul-Abbas al-, 94, 95 Said (child), 397-99 St Antony's College, Oxford University, 6-7 Sakle, Shlomo, 370-71 Salam, Nawaf, 238, 241, 242 Salam, Saeb, 56-57, 147-48, 207-8 Salame, Ghassan, 123, 209 Salameh, Ali Hassan, 120 Salem, Elie, 199 Salhani, Claude, 62-64 523 Salibi, Kemal, 100, 103, 153-54, 240-41 Salonika, 215 Samia (secretary), 227-28 Samir (teller), 37 Sanderson, Danny, 276 Sarid, Yossi, 268 Sarraj, Eyad el-, 344-45 Sartawi, Issam, 168-69 Sasson (family patriarch), 405-6 Sassoon, Taffy, Sassoon, Yosef, Saudi Arabia, 146 Schachter, Sarah M., 464 Scheuer, Richard, 489-90 Schiller, Nota, 297-305, 307, 313 Schmidt, George T., 189-90, 193 Schneerson, Menachem Mendel, 288 Schodolski, Vinnie, 67 Seale, John, 103 Seale, Patrick, 79 Sea of Galilee, 348, 428, 491 Sehnaoui, Nada, 228-29 Senesh, Hannah, 417 Shabtai, Yakov, 266 Shahak, Amnon, 2 - Shaka, Bassam, 306 Shalev, Menachem, 483 Shalom, Avraham, 356 Shalom Hartman Institute, 313 Shamir, Yitzhak, 182, 256, 257, 270-71, 280, 283, 285, 356, 384, 449, 457, 476, 482-83, 490, 501, 503-4 Shamma, Amai, 42 Shamma'a, Munir, 232 Shapiro, Naomi, 400-2 Sharon, Ariel, 5, 104, 126, 127-28, 130, 143, 144-45, 146, 157, 159, 165, 174, 176-77, 184-85, 209, 268, 293 Shartouni, Habib Tanious, 158-59 Shas Party, 504 Shatila Palestinian refugee camp, 9, 73, 159-67, 191, 435, 478 524 Index Shati refugee camp, 417 Shaul (bartender), 292-93 Shavit, Noga, 289-90 Shavit, Ya'acov, 289-90 Shehadah, Raja, 352-53, 354 Sheik Adjlin School, 414 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 154 Sherover, Gita, 256, 257 Shiloh, Moshe, 359 Shin Bet, 353, 354-55, 356, 357, 358-60, 414 Shinui Party, 289 Shipler, David K., 10, 356 Shouf Mountains, 37, 54, 179, 181, 199, 213, 217 Shukun, Moshe, 336-37 Shultz, George P., xiv, 198-99, 204, 404, 500-1, 503-4 Sidon, 11, 123, 132, 183 Sinai Peninsula, xii, 5, 16 Sinai War, 429 Sinclair, Ya'acov Asher, 303-4 Six-Day War, 4, 5, 254, 279-80, 311, 315, 418, 436, 451, 455, 460, 492 Slater, Bob, 462 Sluglett, Peter, 97 Snunit, Michal, 417 Soloveitchik, Joseph B , 313 Souk el-Gharb, 200 Soulbird (Snunit), 417 South Africa, 482 Spielberg, Steven, 47-48 Sprinzak, Ehud, 261 Stahl, Leslie, 195 Stars & Stripes, 429 Stiner, Carl, 200-1 Strauss, Robert S., 502-3 Strosman, Uri, 359 Summerland Hotel, - 3 Sunday Times (London), 142 Suro, Roberto, 161 Surviving the Siege of Beirut (Mikdadi), 152-53 Switzerland, 230, 231, 290, 403 Syria Today (Hureau), 76 Tabbara, Nabil, 2 - , 225, 226 Tadmur Prison, 79 Taibe, 132 Tannir, Hassan, 229 Tannous, Ibrahim, 193, 195, 200 Taqtouq, Awad, 363 Tawil, Amai, 236 Tehiya Party, 265-66, 268, 306 Tel Aviv, 276, 284, 290, 295, 311, 324, 347, 349, 366, 410, 426, 442, 458 Tel Aviv University, Tehran, 496 Temko, Ned, 52, 69 This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen (Borowski), 187-88 Tikrit, 101 Tikriti, Saddam Hussein al-, 101 Time, 60, 161, 447, 462 Times Herald (Dallas), 49, 173 Tira, 395-400, 401 Treblinka death camp, 280-82, 397 Tripoli, 11, 18, 173, 506-7 Trudeau, Garry, 64 Tsabag, Gabrielle Rabin, 483, 486 Tsimhe, Shimon, 295-96, 298 Tueni, Ghassan, 192 Tufayli, Subhi al-, 505 Tulkarm, 347, 400 Twain, Mark, 491-92 20 Years of Civil Administration, 364 Two Fingers from Sidon, 185-86 Tyre, 11 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), 445 UPI Television News, 61 Valéry, Paul, 251 van Buren, Paul, 430-31 Van Huss, Ernest, 220-22 Index Vanity Fair, ill Virginia, 201 Vogue, 231 Voice of America, 52 Voice of Israel, 460 Voice of Peace, 378 Wadi Ara, 348 Wahidi, Zuhni Yusef al-, 445 Waite, Terry, 74 Waiting for Godot (Beckett), 212 Waldman, Eliezer, 260-61, 306-12, 320 Wall, Harry, 466, 481-82 Walters, Barbara, 493, 495 Washington Post, The, 159 Washington Star, The, 436 Wayne, John, 69 Wazir, Khalil al- (Abu Jihad), 120, 169, 171 Wazzan, Shafìk al-, 66, 148, 198 Wehr, Hans, 375 Weiman-Kelman, Levi, 470-75 Weinberg, Rose, 130 Weinberger, Caspar, 204 Weizman, Ezer, 256-57 Weizmann, Chaim, 428 West Bank, xii, 15, 16, 254, 5 56, 257, 261-62, 265, 269, 271, 273, 286, 322-65, 370, 377, 38687, 408, 409-10, 418, 421, 442, 444-45, 447, 484, 494, 496, 500, 502-3 525 West Bank Data Base Project, 327, 344 Whitney, Craig, 166 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 431 Wright, Robin, 53 Yaacoby, Itzik, 429 Ya'acov Gilad, 281 Ya'ari, Ehud, 81, 85, 138, 443-44 Yacoub, Nabil, 208-9 Yacoub, Vicky, 208-9 Yad Vashem, 280, 281, 283, 403, 404 Yaron, Amos, 163, 165, 166 Yarze, 194, 200 Yediot Achronot, 296-97 Yehoshua, A B , 486 Yisrael, Lieutenant Colonel, 495 Yom Hazikaron, 274 Yosef, Ovadia, 288 Yunis (bartender), 65 Zamir, David, 387 Zamir, Yitzhak, 356 Zaroubi, Elizabeth, 43, 44-45 Zenian, David, 71-72 Zucchino, Adrien, 212 Zucchino, David, 49-50, 54, 65, 212