HUE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF OPEN EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENGLISH LANGUAGE o0o SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROJECT Lecturer: Trần Thuần Student’s name: Anh Lê Trung Student’s code: 7052900522 Class: Nghệ An Nghe An, July 2023 Topic 10: How you address each other in your culture? Does the form of address depend in any way on factors (variables) such as that person’s gender, age, ethnicity, dress, perceived role, physical well-being, or behavior? Compare the addressing patterns of people in your culture with English people or with the people you are familiar with Words in Vietnamese are rich and complex The communication will become good if we comply with the requirements of communication standards such as politeness, politeness, decency, the right role to communicate, the right situation and follow the judgments and regulations of society and stereotypes in Vietnamese culture The number of Vietnamese pronouncements compared to English, French, Chinese The fruit is rich and delicate, much more complex But how to use it to show that people have a culture of communication is not easy The culture of communication is expressed in the use of polite pronunciation, the right communicative role, politeness, decency, tact, humility, the right speaking situation, the right close-sister relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor The wording depends on the communicative shoulder and the context of communication One person can play many roles in different situations To address politeness is first and foremost to be polite Addressing politely shows respect for people of advanced age, people of great standing, people of prestige in the relationship with the speaker like seniors, parents, heads Addressing politeness in moderation will create politeness and respect in communication Polite addressing is also manifested in decency, which is a standard way of addressing, following the conventions or regulations of society and is stereotypical in Vietnamese For example, a high school teacher who calls herself a teacher calls her pupils brothers; mothers call themselves mothers and call their children children; father's younger siblings are called uncles; mother's younger siblings are called uncles and form pairs that address uncles – grandchildren, uncles – nephews even though he and uncle are younger than me, etc Husband and wife are equalists, but addressing your husband as a friend, you - me, me - you - me - you or wife addressing your husband as a sister and addressing him by you (even though the wife is older) is generally considered inappropriate (violating the norms of address) Proper addressing is a way of addressing to create friendship, shorten the distance between speakers and listeners Between two people who are not acquaintances, they must address according to the standards of politeness, if there is an opportunity to change to the standard of address, they can be converted to the kind of acquaintance and closeness that was not possible at first Proper address in communication creates politeness and friendliness The motto in polite pronunciation is always towards "professing humility" Addressing humility is the beauty of our Vietnamese communication culture Unmodest pronunciation is easily judged as lack of civility, losing sympathy on the part of the interlocutor However, paying too much attention to humility also has a negative effect on effectiveness in social interactions Therefore, humility also needs to be moderated to achieve the desired effect in the interaction Here, we will take a look at some communication relationships, from which to discuss the norms of pronouns in different communication situations, interpersonal relationships Addressing teachers – students Addressing in schools reflects the obligation of responsibility between teachers and students, must show social status, respect associated with the word Ceremony and must show affection At the preschool level, Vietnamese education has the only way of addressing, not different between the two North and South, that is she and her children This way of addressing comes from another responsibility in addition to the teacher's teaching responsibility, which is the mother's responsibility Kindergarten teachers come to school, in addition to teaching children general knowledge, they also have to take care of them such as eating, drinking, bathing, washing and monitor their health status to keep parents informed The teacher is the responsibility of the mother and grandmother of the children, so the teacher must consider the children as her own children and grandchildren That great affection comes from responsibility, from work, so the way you address her – you also arise from that Teachers and students in Vietnamese schools address themselves according to the principle of professing humility, calling themselves humble, while calling the object of communication is reverent and especially associated with the word CEREMONY Reverence has been shown through addressing teachers and students It shows the subject's understanding of national culture and communication culture that our forefathers have worked hard to cultivate and build for thousands of years Addressing teachers and children is the most common way of addressing Vietnamese schools from primary to secondary level This way of addressing expresses the relationship between the previous generation, who are responsible for guiding, teaching, teaching, training with the next generation Therefore, the Vietnamese language has the phrases "dear juniors, the next generation, the generation of students " Using the pair of personal pronouns of teacher (teacher) - you, the teacher has shown his responsible role of transmitting knowledge, educating and forming personality for students Teachers addressing me – friends, brothers and sisters; or teachers (if they are teachers), addressing me to teachers (if they are monks and nuns at Buddhist Academy) is a common way of addressing myself in professional schools The reason for this way of addressing is that in the minds of teachers at professional schools, students (full-time students, in-service students, graduate students, doctoral students) are future generations of colleagues, the successor team, following them on the career path they are taking An important reason is that the age difference between teachers and students in professional schools is very wide, there are deviations like father and son, deviations like brothers and sisters and brothers, there are many cases where teachers and students are the same age or teachers are a few years younger than students Another thing, students at the university are the subject of research, so the use of pronouns you or brothers and sisters will make teachers and students closer, promote the initiative of learners, easily access to science, that way of calling also shows respect for students, According to the motto of Humility, one of the norms of the culture of communication Even if learners are old, they cannot call the teacher brother or grandchild like meeting in real life Because, Vietnamese education is always associated with the word ceremony, the word ceremony in each person expresses the awareness of his or her position with the position of the other person They must know how to change communication roles in different communication situations There are in-service students who think they have a position who are old enough to call their teachers but call me That way of addressing also sounds offensive However, if a male student in office has a wife and children but confesses his child to a teacher who is only ten years older than him, it also makes the teacher embarrassed Claiming to be suitable only for kindergarten and elementary school students There are cases where an in-service student is much younger than the teacher but proclaims his first name when talking to the teacher, for example, he (named Lan) said: "Let Lan take this day off!"(while he is not a celebrity or an undercharacter), according to traditional norms, such an address should not be Currently, there are some teachers who use the word "tao-you" or "mr.-me"to learners This way of addressing also violates the norm Because, addressing me – you can show friendliness, closeness, openness but lack formality and politeness, an expression in the cultural beauty of Vietnamese people Should I address you when interacting with students? This pair of pronouns is only used for peers or in close, respectful friends The cultural characteristic of Vietnamese people is the expression of humility and religion, the use of this pronoun does not express that characteristic, both makes the other person forget about his or her position, and creates unserious thoughts of those around about the relationship between teachers and learners (such as the problem of lack of fairness in teaching) He and I in a friendship show close, intimate affection, but using these pronouns in a teacher-student relationship will show the nuances of the teacher in front of the student There are some who argue that students should be encouraged to confess themselves to the faculty There was even a university that held a seminar to encourage this way of addressing They think that students who profess me will help free up their competence, confidence and take the initiative in communication Such thinking is not very convincing because in reality, many students not need to use this way of addressing but still confidently assert themselves Confidence must be shown in our bravery, understanding, knowledge that we want to argue and in front of everyone It's not just that I'm a teacher and a student is going to be an adult The problem of Vietnamese education is not about addressing Looking broadly at Asian countries such as Thailand, China, Japan, their students bow to the teacher with great respect but they are still more developed than our country When giving a scientific lecture or conference, students confess that I am right When communicating directly with teachers with teacher-student relations, they must address the standards as before Otherwise, many people mistakenly think that it is not an educational environment but an office Vietnam has a tradition of "respecting the religion" and the way students call them expresses that tradition Vietnamese is very rich, should not be westernized but lose its precious tradition Some people say that they not answer the student's address but are still "shocked" when they receive an e-mail with a greeting such as: "Hi, Ms Van" or when sending an e-mail to exchange papers with this student and receive a very short and very western answer of "OK" It can hardly be called cultured when students who are inferior to teachers in both age and education say "yes" or "OK" like that Addressing in teacher-student relations in Vietnamese is unique and rarely available in any language In the old days, you - me, today you - me Addressing me to you, even though your age gap is similar to your grandfather's, is not disrespectful, but also respectful, loving, and close There was a woman who took her child to school, and when she met her child's teacher, the mother said, "Sir, you remember me?" and the 12th grader also said, "Well, you teach my mother too." The mother and daughter share the same type of address typical of the pedagogical environment, to see how unique our Vietnamese is Addressing husband and wife In English only I, you and me are used to refer to strangers, acquaintances, family, spouses, children But in Vietnamese, the distinction between husband and wife is extremely rich It shows emotional culture, harmony in married life and emotional nuances such as love, anger, conflict, discord The words "husband and wife" also reflect many aspects of communication life in the family: age, personality, era, locality, regional difference, urban with rural, young spouses with elderly spouses All create a vivid and flexible picture typical for Vietnamese families Husband and wife without children can call each other brother, brother, me, even someone Wife calls her husband back to eat: Who, come back to eat The husband asked: "Whose rice cooks, the wife answers: who cooks and no one." When conflicts, discords, quarrels, the way of addressing between husband and wife is no longer as sweet as before, the wording of address between husband and wife has changed: I tell you clearly; I tell your mother; This guy would; Your grandfather is no less than your mother; This will tell your mother your hand; etc or: I tell you clearly; I tell your father; This is no worse than your father; Nor did your grandmother give in; If you're good, go get another one for him These non-standard addresses inevitably lead to loss and breakdown In real life, there are things like this: There was a customer whose car broke down and stopped at a car repair shop to fix it The owner called into the house: "Jackfruit, what have you done to die in there for so long?"The visitor thought he was telling his children, who expected to run out was his wife—a woman of the thin or beady type In the woman's absence, the visitor commented: You shouldn't call your wife that He said, "I'm used to it, and he's fifteen years younger than me, not the same age as my youngest child Some time later, the visitor returned to find him repairing the car alone without seeing his wife It turns out that his wife left him to follow a Western man The visitor thought to herself that maybe this woman couldn't stand this husband's way of addressing him any longer, so he craved the man's sweet sister There was also the story of the sister-in-law arguing with her husband, hearing him say for the first time — I, to my surprise, fainted, and he had a howl There's also the joke in a divorce court where the judge asks, "Why did you hit her?"to which the husband replied: Because she was not my wife then, she addressed me as Mrs Many overseas Vietnamese families revealed that when they have a small quarrel, they use Vietnamese, but when there is a big conflict, they switch to English Perhaps their purpose is to avoid words that disastrously affect married life Some people think that it doesn't matter how they are addressed as long as they live together kindly, are faithful, and are responsible for their families It's actually a misconception Because the emotional arcs are very evident in the words A guy, no matter how grossly grumpy, will certainly not use the following sentence to confess: I love you, you love me? (if it's not friends kidding) Indecent addressing indicates a lack of culture in the family, which adversely affects the personality of children American psychologist Dale Carnegie once advised: "To build a happy family, husband and wife must respect each other as guests." Impolite words in the way of addressing will make love fade Addressing husband and wife has a special role to play in preserving happiness Pronouncing can also relieve conflicts and can also distance the relationship, especially at the time when "rice is not good, soup is not sweet" At those times , a husband's brother to his wife or a wife's brother to his husband will help "soften my heart", the distance will be removed Vietnamese people have countless ways of addressing between husband and wife, rarely in the world there are so many rich and diverse ways of addressing between husband and wife We need to be proud and uphold beautiful ways of addressing, while also condemning uncultured, impolite and rude ways of addressing family behavior Address at work, reception agencies, hospitals If before the language of Vietnamese civil servants was only around a few words from heads, cadres and comrades, now with the development of society and the exchange of languages, it can be said that the world of office language is richer than ever Many language streams penetrate the office world, bringing with them both pros and cons, creating a colorful world of communication Family language also reigns in the workplace Although this way of addressing creates a friendly and warm communication environment, recently some Vietnamese companies abuse family language, addressing in the wrong place at the right time, losing the beauty in the workplace Professional companies and foreign companies are very repulsive to this type of kinship communication In addition to the above ways of addressing, they also call each other by nicknames This way of calling can make colleague relations become close, the conversation becomes fun and open, but using them too carefreely, especially with too strange nicknames will make the listener offensive and make the other person lose some sympathy for themselves in communication Employees should avoid losing confidence and face to their colleagues if they use nick names There is an opinion that in the office should be addressed by title for people with positions, addressed by name with people of the same age It should not be addressed in a family style For older people, use the pronoun he/she and address me However, there is also an opinion: I should only show it in writing, papers or when representing an organization, or meeting or speaking in front of a large number of people of various ages The social culture in the workplace should still follow traditions such as respecting age, seniority, and position, but have a way of addressing politeness and politeness People of the new age must know clearly when it is time to assert the ego, what is the time to know the glass above and below An easy-to-hear way of addressing is the right way of addressing (the right situation, the right audience, the right position and respect for the listener) Addressing must be "arbitrary" to ensure culture and correctness in communicating in Vietnamese style Besides addressing at work, addressing places of reception, business transactions or hospitals It is also necessary to thoroughly adhere to the principle of the culture of communication as politeness, politeness, decency, seriousness The cases cited below violate the norms of communication culture In short, words in Vietnamese are rich and complex Communication will become good if we comply with the requirements of communication standards such as politeness, politeness, decency, the right role of communication, the right situation and according to the judgments and regulations of society and stereotypes in human culture