Link it 4 teachers pack

As part of the University of Oxford, we are committed to furthering English language learning worldwide We continuously bring together our experience, expertise and research to create resources such as this one, helping millions of learners of English to achieve their potential A six-level course connecting students with the grammar, vocabulary, language, and skills they need to communicate with confidence and succeed in English Sharman Ruzicka Link LinkIt! It! ack er’s P Teach Student Book Teacher’s Pack& Workbook • Provide extra challenge and support for the inclusive classroom with supplementary activities and resources • Save time with integrated answer keys and teacher’s notes Eliza n& rma rs Sha Roge a beth Louis Ruzick Dari a room Tool Class entation Pres uide er’s G Teach e sourc r’s Re e h c Tea ter C en ce Kit Practi Teacher’s Resource Center Classroom Presentation Tool • Deliver heads-up lessons with the Classroom Presentation Tool • Launch activities and play audio and video straight from the page For Students Sharman Rogers Link It! k Boo ent ok StudWorkboKit e & ctic Pra withVideos & ISBN 978-0-19-482463-7 & an s harm er h S s Rog abet Loui Practice Kit and videos 780194 824637 Student Book & Workbook Link it TB cover.indd All Pages Eliz 43 Student Book Teacher’s Pack& Workbook • Make the most of Link It! with a time-saving Quick Guide • Prepare students for success with a comprehensive test package along with integrated Cambridge exam practice • Assign and track your students’ work on Practice Kit • Easily access worksheets, grammar presentations, class audio, video and more k c a P s ’ r e h c Tea Link  Link IIt!t! Rogers Teacher’s Guide www.oup.com/elt 4 What’s in your Teacher’s Pack? Sharman Rogers Ruzicka ur o y g n Linki together world Oxford University Press is the world’s authority on the English language E & an r s m r S h a s R og e k a h t b e L o ui R uz ic liz a ia Da r m Tool o o r s Clas entation Pres de i u G r’s e h c Tea r ce u o s Re s ’ r e Teachter C en it K e c i Pract 18/06/2019 04:52 k c a P s ’ r e h c a Te h Sharman & e t ge r s b a z E l i u i s Ro i c k a L o R uz Da r ia 00a Link it TG4 title page.indd 19/06/2019 16:40 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries ©  Oxford University Press 2019 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First published in 2019 2023  2022  2021  2020  2019 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work isbn: 978 19 482430 isbn: 978 19 482434 isbn: 978 19 482463 Teacher’s Guide Teacher’s Access Card Pack Printed in China This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources acknowledgements Cover photographs reproduced with permission from: Getty Images (gardening/Hero Images, gymnast/mustafagull) & Shutterstock (Grand Canyon/Skreidzeleu) Back cover photograph: Oxford University Press building/David Fisher Illustrations by: Ana Djordjevic/Astound pp.68, 92; Ben Hasler/NB Illustrations pp.34; Dave Cockburn pp.18, 33, 56, 57, 104; David Broadbent pp W11; Gavin Reece/New Division pp.61, 64, 113; Katie Mac/NB Illustration pp.13, W28; Tony Forbes/Sylvie Poggio pp.71, W3, W21, W29; Willie Ryan pp W15 Video stills by: Oxford University Press pp.11,14, 21, 24, 35, 38, 45,48, 59, 62, 69, 72, 83, 86, 93, 96, W43 The publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Alamy Stock Photo pp.4 (girl gaming with headphones/Viacheslav Lakobchuk), 10 (flatmates in lounge/Mode Images), 14 (teens arguing/John Powell), 41 (prom king and queen/Blend Images), 44 (Oscar chimpanzee/AF archive), 44 (Arielle Dombasle & Julian Glover Vatel/ AF archive), 44 (A Quiet Place/Lifestyle pictures, 44 (SpongeBob SquarePants The movie/ PictureLux/The Hollywood Archive), 44 (Fargo/PictureLux/The Hollywood Archive), 44 (Wish I Was Here/AF archive), 44 (Avengers: Infinity War/Moviestore collection Ltd), 44 (Jirou Horikoshi The Wind Rises; Kaze Tachinu/AF archive), 44 (Star Wars: Episode VII – The Force Awakens/AF archive), 45 (Wonder Woman poster/©  Warner Bros Pictures/Courtesy Everett Collection), 46 (Chicago river/Charles O Cecil), 55 (1960s tv set/INTERFOTO), 55 (1940s film still for cinema screen Perfect Strangers 1945/Everett Collection Inc), 67 (video games/Viacheslav Lakobchuk), 74 (earth day/Michael Wheatley), 75 (polar bear with cubs/Design Pics Inc), 82 (Phyllis Dare/Iconographic archive), 82 (Santa Teresa street art/Kseniya Ragozina), 82 (Pacman/Kevin Britland), 90 (tower block, puerto madero/david wall), 90 (national cabildo building/bernardo galmarini), 94 (ice hotel/Peter de Clercq), 94 (friend spiders/imageBROKER), W15 (Man proposing/Hero images), W27 (Hand under running water/Phanie), W27 (Shoulder pain/ Sunshine pics), W35 (Protest for HS2/Mark Kerrison), W42 (Mosaic street art/Ian Macpherson); Bridgeman Images pp.80 (Self Portrait, c.1835/Catlin, George), 81 (Public Buildings in the City of Boston/Liszt Collection), 82 (The Waterlily Pond: Green Harmony, 1899/Claude Monet), 82 (Close-up of two female dancer figurines, Paris, France/Private Collection/De Agostini Picture Library/A Dagli Orti; Getty Images pp.5 (friends playing chess in café/Hero Images), 5 (friends having picnic/Cultura RM Exclusive/Stefano Gilera), 6 (dinosaur footprints/aizar raldes nunez), 6 (bolivia/jesse kraft/eyeem), 10 (Students running/Caiaimage/Robert Daly), 17 (Adult student/Hill Street Studios LLC), 19 (90s teen girl in bedroom/Comstock), 20 (Recycling/Chris Clinton), 20 (finding keys/rosanna u), 22 (teen girl and parents eating outside/Maskot), 26 (Japanese school children cleaning/BLOOMimage), 28 (teens on bench at night/Image Source), 44 (The Ellen Degeneres Show/Dave Kotinsky/Stringer), 44 (Survivor Millennials vs Gen X/CBS photo archive), 50 (woman watching tv with popcorn/Dougal Waters), 55 (1940s teens jiving/Bert Hardy/Picture Post), 55 (1940s cinema/Hirz/Archive Photos), 60 (Markiplier/Tommaso Boddi/Stringer), 60 (Tom Brady/Boston Globe), 70 (Shaileen Woodley at a protest/John Lamparski/WireImage), 70 (Leo di Caprio at a protest/JOSE LUIS MAGANA/AFP), 81 (Log cabin/Hulton archive), 81 (Saunders Boathouse/Heritage images), 88 (teen boy and girl reading on bookshelves/Lisbeth Hjort), 94 (Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon glass bridge/VCG), 97 (Tourist info/Epics), 99 (Aloha Wanderwell/ Keystone-France), 110 (teen tech/dan belcher), 114 (Fashion store window/ictor), 118 (Young man/William King), 118 (Teenage girl/David Young-Wolff), 118 (Teenage boy/ Tony Anderson), W49 (Tent at Everst basecamp/Andrew Bardon); Oxford University Press pp.35 (Avatars/Shutterstock; Beatriz Gascon J), 35 (Avatars/Shutterstock; Beatriz Gascon J), 35 (Avatars/Shutterstock; Beatriz Gascon J), 81 (Electric car/Getty Images), 81 (House/Shutterstock/Andy Dean Photography), 84 (Nazcar spider/Getty Images), 84 (Easter Island/Shutterstock/Filipe Frazao), 89 (Second hand bookshop/Shutterstock/ Ksenia Ragozina), 105 (Pyramids/Shutterstock; Dan Breckwoldt), 122 (rainforest/ralph loesche), 122 (arctic landscape/denis burdin), 122 (grand canyon/doug meek), 123 (canada/canadastock), 123 (sahara/patrick poendl), 123 (island/tatiana popova), 123 (swiss army knife/dennis kitchen studio), 123 (rain jacket/roman sigaev), 123 (compass/alamy), 123 (stove/john kasawa), 123 (tent/chris turner), 123 (water bottle/ dennis kitchen studio), 123 (gps/alamy), 123 (hat/nito), 123 (boots/stockbyte), W9 (incorrect spelling/MM Studios), W9 (pizza making/SpeedKingz), W9 (karate instructor/Africa Studio), W9 (student studying/Africa Studio), W9 (girl making tea/ Masson), W13 (boy and girl/shutterstock), W24 (Soft drinks/Shutterstock), W24 (Crisps/ Yalcin Sonat/Shutterstock), W24 (Castle/Knyazeva Ekaterina/Shutterstock), W24 (Beach/ ian woolcock/Shutterstock), W24 (Train at station/Pagina/Shutterstock), W24 (Yellow bus/Vibrant Image Studio/Shutterstock), W24 (Plane/IM_photo/Shutterstock); Shutterstock pp.4 (Pixel background/Untashable), 4 (Retro background/Gorbash Varvara), 6 (New York/Shutteupeire), 8 (Boy doing homework/pixelheadphoto digitalskillet), 10 (uni students in lecture/monkey business images), 10 (young man travelling with rucksack/twinsterphoto), 10 (trainee hairdresser/monkey business images), 10 (driving test/michaeljung), 10 (engagement ring/wavebreakmedia), 10 (graduates/4pm productions), 10 (moving house/syda productions), 10 (Exam/ESB professional), 10 (Abstract background/gorbach elena), 12 (self driving car/ metamorworks), 12 (Furturistic engineer/Ociacia), 12 (Planet earth/Vadim Sadovski), 14 (Graffiti background/Ensuper), 15 (Protest/Creatista), 16 (couple on phones/syda productions), 17 (Volunteer/Dmytro Zinkevych), 17 (Carpenter apprentice/goodluz), 18 (Smiling woman/mimagephotography), 18 (Smiling student/Monkey Business Images), 18 (Cheerful boy/Nataliia Zhekova), 19 (teens selfie in park/william perugini), 19 (baby on tablet/oksana kuzmina), 20 (taking out rubbish/mike_shots), 20 (hoovering/ kamil macniak), 20 (nanny playing with kids/africa studio), 20 (doing homework/ monkey business images), 20 (cleaning/andrey_popov), 20 (supermarket shopping/ monkey bueiness images), 20 (walking dog/rohappy), 20 (cleaning products/5 second studio), 20 (watering plants/rawpixel.com), 20 (check post/andrey_popov), 20 (charging phone/mi pan), 20 (chopping vegetables/eggeegg), 20 (breaking egg/maurice tomlinson), 22 (teens dancing in nightclub/yanlev), 22 (Tent in the wilderness/Jens Ottoson), 22 (Hiking icons/Marish), 24 (Man and woman talking/Iakov Filimonov), 24 (school children/wavebreakmedia), 27 (National Capitol building/Tupungato), 27 (Congress/Rob Crandall), 28 (American flag/Marian Weyo), 30 (coffee shop owner/Jacob lund), 31 (young man hiking/syda productions),28 (teens in open top car/syda productions), 33 (abstract background/best-backgrounds), 34 (Hearts background/Elizaveta Krylova), 36 (dog and cat/africa studio), 37 (teen boy and girl/syda productions), 38 (graduation/ rawpixel.com), 38 (On the phone/Alejandro J de Parga), 39 (Blogger/Nick Starichenko), 40 (row of faces/kurhan), 41 (prom/monkey business images), 42 (Blue wood texture/ Tirachard Kumtanom), 42 (teens gossiping/dean drobot), 43 (Friends bracelet/ Kalamurzing), 44 (News anchor/Images by kenny), 44 (Ready Player One – 2018/Warner Bros/Moviestore), 44 (Film negative background/Stillfx), 46 (Day of the Dead/Diego Grandi), 46 (Hobbiton/purwanto lim), 46 (Iguazu falls/Det-anan), 48 (filmstrip/ghenadie), 49 (Avengers Infinity War – 2018/Walt Disney Studios/Moviestore), 49 (Movie icons/ Cube29), 50 (Pixel background/The7Dew), 51 (Colourful henna pattern/krishnasomya), 51 (Bollywood: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told film still/Moviestore), 52 (Bridget Jones’s Baby still/Miramax/Kobal), 52 (Fast & Furious still/Moviestore), 55 (Band performing/Africa studio), 55 (1950s radio/hitdelight), 56 (Fruit and vegetables/ victoriaKh), 57 (Fruit and veg on wooden background/Africa studio), 58 (party background/denegru), 59 (Marathon injury/Izf), 59 (Hand with plaster/George Rudy), 59 (Burnt hand/Miroslav Lukic), 59 (Muscle injury/Maridav), 59 (Boy with plaster on his head/yadom), 59 (Ankle blister/Fotos593), 59 (Splinter/Image Point Fr), 59 (broken leg/ memory stockphoto), 59 (Shoulder injury/Praisaeng), 60 (Cleaning car/Minoli), 61 (lips/ valentina razumova), 61 (eyes/minerva studio), 61 (nose/wavebreakmedia), 61 (teeth/ kurhan), 61 (ear/blackday), 61 (fingernails/tania zbrodko), 62 (x-ray/wonderisland), 63 (Patient in hospital/Monkey Business Images), 65 (Totem icons/StockSmartStart), 65 (Calendar Maya stone/Gordiienko Tetiana), 66 (Sporty couple/Sergey Novikov), 67 (couple jogging/dmitry kalinovsky), 67 (cute girl on beach/nadyaeugene), 67 (washing hands/alexander raths), 67 (coffee/iko), 68 (Sky background/Thinnapob Proongsak), 71 (Polar bear/Jan Martin Will), 72 (plastic straws/lorna roberts), 75 (lake and mountains/ martin m303), 76 (vegan sandwich/magdanatka), 76 (colourful vegetables/anna shkuratova), 77 (Steak/Lisovskaya Natalia), 79 (Hamilton musical/Joseph M Arseneau), 80 (Aztec pattern/Atelier_Agonda), 81 (Old book/Garsya), 81 (Student writing on board/ Monkey Business Images), 81 (Horse drawn cart/Everett Historical), 81 (Factory worker/ Suwin), 82 (painted canvas/vierra), 82 (Calder’s Flamingo/Dorti), 82 (Sanctuary Las Lajas/ Rafal Cichawa), 82 (Self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci/historical stock), 82 (Kimonos/ Supawat bursuk), 84 (Maid sweeping by Banksy/BMCL), 85 (extreme close up strawberry/ loskutnikov), 85 (close up of leaf/sk herb), 85 (close up of dog nose/luka djuricic), 85 (sand dunes/zeljko radojko), 87 (woman in library/syda productions), 89 (Palacio Salvo/RPBaiao), 89 (second hand bookshop/ksenia ragozina), 92 (beach/silvae), 94 (Volcanic crater/Dariush M), 94 (shark diving cage/jacques star), 94 (log cabin/fottoo), 95 (Magic lamp/Brian A Jackson), 96 (landscape punta ballena/dflc prints), 97 (Santiago, National Museum of Fine Arts/Iakov Filimonov), 100 (Statue of Liberty/Matias Honkamaa), 101 (myanmar temple/ikunl), 101 (baby turtle/j fox photography), 101 (tourists infront of mona lisa/sira anamwong), 103 (young girl travelling/de visu), 105 (Costa Rica lodge/Statia Grossman), 105 (Kayaking/EB Adventure Photography), 105 (beach background/millicookbook), 110 (paper texture/yamabikay), 110 (wood texture/mindmo), 116 (mid adult man/stocklite), 116 (beautiful woman/yoydesign), 116 (young male/monkey business images), 116 (happy woman/the art of pics), 116 (indian woman/snowwhiteimages), 117 (stainless steel sculpture/ron ellis), 117 (art gallery/africa studio), 119 (Cinema/Serhil Bobyk), 119 (popcorn/virtu studio), 120 (Old friends/sirtravealot), 120 (Kabira Bay/shikema), 121 (friends/oneinchpunch), 122 (Tent in wilderness/Jens Ottoson), 122 (Hiking icons/Marish), W5 (Teen skiing/nullplus), W9 (Man shopping/Rido), W10 (Heard of bison/Lee Prince), W12 (Girl walking her dog/ Naypong Studio), W17 (girls chatting/gaudilab), W18 (best friends/look studio), W18 (Couple studying/Nestor Rizhniak), W23 (Avengers Infinity War – 2018/Walt Disney Studios), W24 (Popcorn/New Africa), W24 (Forest/Piotr Krzeslak), W24 (Boy in sports top/Halfpoint), W24 (Man in fashion/Alexander Image), W24 (Fashion shoot/ Gennady Danilkin), W24 (Teenager watching TV/manaemedia), W24 (Glendale/Michael Gordon), W24 (Woman ill in bed/Fabiana Ponzi), W25 (doctor and patient/monkey business images), W27 (Plaster/andriano.cz), W27 (Little boy with plaster/Phovoir), W27 (Blister/Teerapong Teerapong), W27 (Broken arm/sunlight19), W27 (Splinter/Issah_ rus), W28 (woman wearing glasses/Nina Lishchuk), W30 (Nepal, traditional woman/ OlegaD), W33 (Gardening/A3pfamily), W37 (sad girl/khoamartin), W39 (graffiti/ Mehaniq), W39 (watercolour paint/Aleoks), W39 (vintage cameras/Lenscap Photography), W39 (pencil/Tamisclao), W39 (weaving fabric/PixHound), W39 (pottery making/PNK8619), W39 (sculptor at work/elv-design), W39 (oil painting/vilax), W41 (Old books/vipman), W46 (girl playing trumpet/epiximages), W47 (Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe/WitR), W47 (Charleston, South Carolina/f11photo), W48 (Saint-Gabriel-deValcartier/Carolyne Parent), W48 (dance festival/Mattia B), W48 (cooking class/Syda Productions) © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 07/06/2019 13:01 Contents Student Book contents .iv Welcome to Link It! Unit 10 Unit 20 Review A 30 Unit 34 Unit 44 Review B 54 Unit 58 Unit 68 Review C 78 Unit 82 Unit 92 Review D 102 My progress 106 Cambridge English B1 Preliminary (PET) for Schools Practice 110 Culture 118 End-of-year project 122 Remember Link It! 123 Student Book audioscripts 124 Workbook answer key .131 Audio track list 134 © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb Contents iii 07/06/2019 13:01 © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 07/06/2019 13:01 © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 07/06/2019 13:01 Welcome to Link It! Vocabulary Free-time activities Vacations School Grammar Simple present Present progressive Dynamic vs stative verbs Simple past Past progressive Present perfect Future forms Aim To review a variety of grammar and vocabulary topics covered in the previous levels To identify what individual students may still need to work on before starting Level 4 Warm-up • Introduce yourself to the class Then ask students to introduce themselves • Ask individual students questions about some of the topics on pages 4–9: What you in your free time? Where did you go on vacation last year? What are you going to this summer? Talk about the present    page 4  Exercise Read and listen e 002 • Have students look at the picture above • • the blog Ask: What you think is the topic of this blog? Play the audio Students read and listen Call on volunteers to retell what the blog is about Ask: Did we predict correctly before listening? ANSWER Free-time activities    page 4  Exercise • With books closed, write: free-time The blog is about video games Audioscript    Student Book page 4  Exercise • In pairs, students correct each • statement to make it true Tell students to refer back to the blog as needed Go over the answers as a class ANSWERS Maddie is 17 Her favorite games are fantasy games She goes to school every day She’s taking some exams next month People believe that soccer is a hobby for boys She takes guitar lessons 4 Link it TG4.indb • • • activities on the board Invite students to brainstorm and write activities on the board Leave the words to refer to later Students the exercise individually Check the answers as a class Then together compare the activities on the book with activities on the board • Then, in pairs, have students discuss free-time activities referring to exercise 3 Tell students they can also use items on the board from the brainstorm Exercise Pairwork • Call on two students to read the exchange in speech bubbles Point out love / like / can’t stand + ing form © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:01 Exercise • Ask a volunteer to read the example • • • answer Read the prompts using the simple present Ask: Is this correct? (no) Students rewrite the sentences individually Then have them compare answers with a partner Bring the class together and give further explanations as needed Refer to the rules from exercise for each item (1 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4) ANSWERS We aren’t studying French this year Does she have art class on Fridays? We go to the gym twice a week I practice the piano every night They’re playing soccer right now My mom isn’t working today Dynamic vs stative verbs    page 5  Exercise • On the board, write: I _ (study) for • • • the test right now I _ (know) the first two chapters so far Have students copy and fill in the correct verb form Read out the grammar topic and chart Then return to the sentences on the board and call on volunteers to fill in the answers (am studying, know) Ask: Which of these verbs is stative? (know) Which is dynamic? (study) Students the exercise individually Check the answers as a class Exercise • Students the exercise individually • Have students compare answers with a partner Then have them role-play the dialogue Exercise 10 Pairwork • Focus students’ attention on the Simple present / Present progressive    page 5  Exercise • To warm up, write on the board: I am • • eating lunch right now I always eat lunch at noon Underline am eating and eat and elicit the form of each verb (present progressive and simple present) Invite a student to fill the words in In pairs, have students study the grammar charts and complete the exercise Point out to students the superscript letters a–d at the beginning of each highlighted sentence Circulate and assist as needed Bring the class together and go over the answers Elicit additional examples for each rule (e.g., I work out twice a week, I have two brothers, I am texting my friend right now, I am eating a lot of vegetables these days) Exercise • Ask students to read over the words in • • • the box Ask: What these words have in common? (They are all related to time; they are all time expressions.) Tell students they will sort which words are used with the simple present and which ones are used with the present progressive Do the first expression, once a month, as a class Elicit an example sentence (e.g., I call my grandmother once a month) Ask: Could we say “I am calling my grandmother once a month”? (no) Students complete the exercise in pairs Go over the answers as a class © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb • • Speaking strategy at the bottom of the page In pairs, have students study the picture and make statements Circulate and assist with vocabulary items as needed Then bring the class together and call on volunteers for their sentences Challenge • Invite students to reread Maddie’s blog • • • from exercise on page Write About me on the board Tell students to then use Maddie’s blog as a model for their own blog entry They can complete the task in class or for homework Have students swap writing assignments and check use of simple present and present progressive Finally collect students’ writing and offer written feedback 5 07/06/2019 13:01 Talk about past experiences    page 6  Exercise Read and listen e 003 • Have students look at the pictures under each email Ask: Do you recognize these locations? Where you think this is? Have you ever been to these places? • Play the audio Students read and listen • Call on volunteers to answer the question Tell them to explain why they would prefer that particular vacation Audioscript    Student Book page 6  Exercise • Students complete the exercise • individually Have them compare answers with a partner Vacations    page 6  Exercise • In pairs, have students read the • • words in the box Circulate and clarify vocabulary as needed Pairs complete the exercise together Then bring the class together and go over the answers Exercise Pairwork • Call on two students to read the • exchange in speech bubbles Point out love / like + -ing form Review can’t stand from page Then, in pairs, have students ask and answer questions referring to the mind maps in exercise 6 Link it TG4.indb © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:01 Which event happened first? (taking pictures) Exercise • Students the exercise individually For items 1, 2, 4, and 5, you can ask: Which event happened first? (1 were relaxing, 2 was buying an ice cream, 4 was taking a picture, were driving) Exercise Pairwork • Ask students to read each question Call on two students to read out the exchange in speech bubbles Present perfect    page 7  Exercise 10 • Focus on the grammar chart Read out • the explanation Then have students read through the rules individually and fill in the blanks Read the final Remember note and example To confirm understanding, write on the board: I was / have been there at 2:00 Elicit the correct answer (was) Exercise 11 • Students complete the exercise individually Tell them to think about meaning Also suggest that they notice if the exercise item is a statement or question, affirmative or negative ANSWERS Has she taken a picture from the Empire State Building? Yes, she has She has already taken a picture Has she had New York cheesecake? Yes, she has She has just had New York cheesecake Has she visited the High Line? No, she hasn’t She hasn’t visited the High Line yet Has she taken a boat ride? Yes, she has She has already taken a boat ride Exercise 12 • Students write the questions Simple past    page 7  Exercise • To warm up, write on the board: I usually • • • _ (walk) to school Yesterday, I _ (take) the bus Elicit the form of each verb (simple present and simple past) Look at the first grammar chart Read out the rule and have students complete the sentences Tell students to find the sentences in Amy’s email (lines 2–3; lines 4–5; line 14) Focus on each sentence and go over affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms Then point to Yesterday, I took the bus on the board Review that certain verbs are irregular and don’t end in -ed Elicit the negative form (Yesterday, I didn’t take the bus) and interrogative form (Did you take the bus yesterday?) Exercise • Do the first item as a class If necessary, point out that see and be are irregular verbs and have special forms in the past Past progressive    page 7  ANSWERS Exercise 13 Pairwork • Ask a student: What were you doing • • Have you ever visited a cathedral? Have you ever climbed a mountain? Have you ever seen a waterfall? Have you ever won a contest? Have you ever met a famous person? Have you ever slept until after midday? • Call on two students to read the Exercise yesterday at p.m.? Elicit an answer and write it on the board Elicit the form (past progressive) Call on two students to read out the rules and examples, one each In pairs, have students match the highlighted sentences with the two rules Focus on sentence a and ask: © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb individually Then call on students to write the questions on the board • exchange in speech bubbles Point out the use of present perfect in the first question and response Elicit why simple past is used in the second question (because it asks for a specific time in the past that something happened) Then, in pairs, have students ask and answer questions from exercise 12 Point out that the follow-up question is asked only if a person answers yes 7 07/06/2019 13:01 Culture    page 120 / X15  Grammar Present perfect progressive Vocabulary Body and health Topic Life expectancy Project Research life expectancy in your country Aim To learn about life expectancy To consider what lifestyle choices might allow people to live longer Warm-up • Ask a student to read the title of the article • Ask: Who would want to live to 100? In what year would you be 100 years old? Write these questions on the board for pairs to discuss: How would the world be different? Do you think your current lifestyle would allow you to live so long? Why? Why not? Exercise Read and listen e 117 • Have students skim the topics Then play the audio Students read and listen • Have students work individually to match the headings to the paragraphs • Go through the Check it out! box and ask students to find the words in the text Audioscript    Student Book page 120 / X15  Exercise • Ask students to the exercise individually, returning to the article Exercise • Students match the items individually Exercise • In pairs, have students discuss Exercise Presentation • Read out the instruction to the class • Focus students’ attention on the • • questions in the box Call on volunteers to read them Then, in class or for homework, students research life expectancy and prepare a presentation using the questions as their guide Tell them to take notes and be ready to present Back in class, students present Culture focus • Ask a student to read out the Culture focus 120 Link it TG4.indb 120 • Then bring the class together and ask: Where elderly people in your country usually live? Do they live with family? Do they live in communities? Which you think is more desirable? Culture video This is a documentary about a related topic You can use this as an optional extension after the lesson, or as a warmer before the lesson Culture video r • Students watch a video about the study understand what our _ and how we can change them It’s still unclear if gene therapy is completely _ ANSWERS 1  150  2  penicillin  3  DNA   4  genes  5  safe Consolidation • Ask students to summarize their • of genetics, and gene therapy • Write the following fill-in questions on the board: Children born today may live until they are _ years old Hygiene and discovery of _ improved life expectancy Rosalind Franklin took an X-ray image of _ Today, we better • lifestyle Tell them to write down what they eat, how much they sleep, what they for exercise, etc Then instruct students to reread the article and see which aspects from each of the three lifestyles they could incorporate into their lives Students share their writing in pairs © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 Exercise e • Have students listen again to the audio if needed • Ask students to answer the questions ANSWERS nearly half an itinerary as if you’ve never visited / been to your city before a nearby town usually, museums, theaters, and concerts Orlando, Florida Chula Vista, California Exercise • Read out the instructions and have students discuss experiences in pairs Exercise • Tell students to underline the leisure activities mentioned in the article • Then tell students to work with a partner to think which of these options are offered in their town Exercise Presentation • Read out the instruction to the class • Focus students’ attention on the • • questions in the box Call on volunteers to read them Then, in class or for homework, students prepare a presentation using the questions as their guide Tell them to take notes and be ready to present Back in class, students present Culture video This is a documentary about a related topic You can use this as an optional extension after the lesson, or as a warmer before the lesson Culture video r • Students watch a video about how Culture    page 121 / X16  Grammar Second conditional Vocabulary Vacations Topic Staycations Project Plan a staycation To learn ways to introduce a break from your life that does not require spending a lot of money or physically going away Warm-up • Ask a student to read the title of the article Ask: Have you ever been on a staycation? What did you do? If you haven’t, what you imagine people on a staycation? Exercise Read and listen e 118 • Have students skim the topics • Play the audio Students read and listen Have them the exercise • Go through the Check it out! box Aim To read about a different kind of vacation where you stay home; and ask students to find the words in the text Make sure that students understand the meanings Audioscript    Student Book page 121 / X16  © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 121 • climate change is affecting one of the world’s greatest natural wonders Ask some follow-up questions to check comprehension: Which destinations does the video mention? What popular activities does the video mention? Which Wonder of the World does the video talk about? How many types of fish live in the reef? How many people visit the reef? What problems are tourist creating? Why officials continue to allow visitors to the reef? ANSWERS Rio de Janeiro, Paris, China, Australia sunbathing, surfing, skiing the Great Barrier Reef about 1,500 over million They are causing damage to it Tourists bring a lot of money to the area 121 07/06/2019 13:04 End-of-year project Plan a trip into the wilderness Warm-up Think The project Exercise Pairwork Exercise Groupwork • Invite students to study the pictures • • Aim To collaborate on researching and presenting a project Exercise Pairwork • Bring students’ attention to the • competences on the upper right of the page, and ask a student to read them Explain that this project will test their knowledge of social and civic topics It will also assess their ability to collaborate on an activity and participate in groupwork In pairs, have students discuss the questions Read Exercise • Ask students to look at the title of the • • • text together To warm up, ask: Who here likes to spend time in the wilderness? Why? Who doesn’t? Why not? Read the introduction to the text together Call on a stronger student to read it aloud Tell students they will continue reading individually, matching the headings with the paragraphs Then go over the answers as a class ANSWERS Fire Food Water Shelter Communication Exercise • Have students match the tools with • their uses If necessary, have students return to the article Students compare answers in pairs • • Before reading the notes, ask: Which place is the most appealing to you for an overnight trip to the wilderness? Then call on volunteers to read the information in the notes Ask: Did anything surprise you? (e.g., the temperatures, the rain) Then ask the same questions as before: Which place is the most appealing to you for an overnight trip to the wilderness? Invite students to share if they had a different opinion after reading the notes In pairs, have students discuss what they would in each place and take notes Tell students that they can have access to all kinds of gear (e.g., canoes, snorkeling, sandboarding, hiking, etc) Then bring the class together and have students share • • • Then study the sections of the chart with the class Elicit examples to make sure students understand how to fill it out Students plan the trip and take notes Circulate and assist Tell students to also make a plan in case they run into any problems Bring students’ attention to Real English Call on volunteers to read the statements Tell students to practice their presentation referring to Real English Have them decide who will present which information Exercise • Have groups present to the class • Invite students in the audience to ask questions Prepare How did you do? Exercise • Have students read the words to • • • Ask volunteers to read the questions themselves Then have them match them with the pictures Have students compare answers Bring the class together and ask: Which of these items have you used? Which ones you own? • Let students reflect on their success • with the project Call on students to read the can-do statements Then students self-evaluate individually Circulate and ask students to share why they feel they can or cannot the things well ANSWERS 1  2  3  4  5  water bottle GPS compass stove rain jacket 6 hat 7 boots 8 knife 9  mask and snorkel 10 tent Exercise • In groups, have students agree on • a location If possible, encourage groups to represent the three different locations so that there are different places presented to the class Have students list things to pack, referring to exercise as well as their own ideas Let students look up ideas online, too ANSWERS 1  d  2  c  3  b  4  a 122 Link it TG4.indb 122 © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 Remember Link It! Aim To practice vocabulary and grammar from the course Vocabulary Exercise • Students complete the words They • could work in pairs for this Check answers, and check that students understand all the words ANSWERS university   married   have   4  internships  apprenticeships   sharing   qualifications   traveling   voluntary   10 earning Exercise The new superhero movie is going to be released tomorrow / Tomorrow, the new superhero movie is going to be released The special effects in science fiction movies are impressive I don’t know who wrote the script Present perfect for for / since / how long Grammar • may / might / will: degrees of certainty • Exercise Exercise 10 • ANSWERS probably won’t might probably will will Defining relative clauses Exercise • the correct relative clauses Check answers with the class ANSWERS 1  walk  2  sweep  3  put  4  went   5  unload  6  sort  7  recycling   8  make  9  tidy Exercise have to • Students complete the exercise • individually Check answers, and check that students understand all the words ANSWERS be interested share take a break get spend communicate Exercise • Students complete the exercise • individually Check answers, and check that students understand all the sentences ANSWERS I didn’t understand the jokes in the cartoon The wildlife documentary was shot in Kenya I think talk shows are boring which whose where  who where himself themselves itself myself ourselves each other Passive: simple present and simple past individually ANSWERS the correct form of have to Check answers with the class ANSWERS Do, don’t have to don’t have to has to Does, does must, must not, don’t have to Exercise • Read the example sentence • Students complete the sentences with the correct phrases • Check answers with the class ANSWERS ANSWERS • Go over the answers as a class • Students complete the sentences with • correct reflexive pronouns or each other Check answers with the class, and check that students understand the text • Students complete the exercise Exercise • • Students complete the text with the Exercise 11 are held wasn’t named 3  aren’t made were sent isn’t celebrated is seen / can be seen used to Exercise 12 • Students complete the exercise in pairs • Check answers as a class ANSWERS Mia didn’t use to like police dramas We used to make pizza on Fridays f f Chloe and Toby didn’t use to live in Canada when they were young He used to cry a lot when he was a baby don’t have to mustn’t must must doesn’t have to © Copyright Oxford University Press 19_LinkIt_TG4_Remember.indd 123 ANSWERS 1  for  2  How  3  for  4  since • • ANSWERS present perfect to talk about past experiences, but don’t say when they happened Students complete the exercise individually Check answers with the class Reflexive pronouns and each  other Draw attention to the percentages in parentheses Students complete the sentences with the phrases in the box Check answers with the class • Students complete the sentences with • • Remind students that we use the • Read out the example sentence • Students complete the exercise individually Check answers, and check that students understand all the sentences Students practice the dialogue in pairs Exercise 123 07/06/2019 16:30 Student Book audioscripts e 006    page 10, exercise 2  10 go traveling an internship / an apprenticeship get your driver’s license take final exams get engaged share a house / share an apartment leave school  go to university / go to college get a job  leave home e 007    page 11, exercise 4  have children start a business a course (in …) get a degree (in …) / qualification (in …) get married / get divorced volunteer work apply for college / apply for a job move house / move to a different country earn lots of money e 008    page 11, Liam’s vlog, exercises and 3  Liam  Hi, there How are you all doing? I hope you’re all having a good evening and not up to your ears in work like I am! This year is a pretty big deal for me because I’m taking important exams at the end of it, so at the moment it’s just study, study, study all the time And, today, I’ve just seen a post online from my cousin Joe, and I’m really jealous about it! He’s gone traveling abroad In fact, he’s in Argentina right now, and it looks awesome I mean—just look at some of his photos He finished college last summer, and he’s starting a job in January So, he decided to go traveling Looks great, huh? And how does this look for you? Not so great, right? My cousin travels … and I study … I just want to be a movie director when I leave school, so that will mean more years of this at a college or university So, before I that, I definitely want to travel abroad like Joe—if I can earn some money first! Then I’d like to study in Los Angeles because they’ve got a great Film Studies course there My parents are great and everything … but it would be SO COOL to leave home and share a house with friends! I can’t wait! e 010    page 13, exercise 8  get a coffee get a driver’s license get to school get home get lost get better get a present get an email e 012    page 14, exercise 4  Real English Agreeing  You’re right / I agree It’s (really unfair) / That’s true Neutral  That’s a good point, but … / You might be right Disagreeing  I’m not sure that’s true / I’m afraid I don’t agree with you e 014   page 17, exercises and 3  Careers advisor  Now, as you all know, college isn’t the only option after high school Even though around 65% of you will go to college, there are many other options available to you There are many careers in healthcare, technology, and other trades where a four-year degree is not required If you’re not sure about college, a great starting point is to attend a community college or vocational college The classes are cheaper and you can take fewer classes while also working This will give you a chance to explore more areas before deciding whether college is right for you or not Most community colleges have agreements that mean you can transfer the credits to college if you choose to One important area that not enough people consider is doing an apprenticeship Twenty years ago, many apprenticeships were considered quite basic Nowadays, they are 124 Link it TG4.indb 124 becoming more important in society Think about machines—they a lot of our work, but they need people to operate, program, and maintain them There is a skills gap that companies around the world are struggling to fill, so the government is encouraging more businesses to run apprenticeship courses Statistics show that nearly 90% of apprentices are employed at the end of their training, with an average starting salary of $50,000 If you aren’t sure about college and don’t yet want a full-time job, volunteering is a great option AmeriCorps has hundreds of volunteer programs across the U.S for 18- to 24-yearolds, so you can get involved now You could help in many different areas, from supporting communities after a natural disaster to listening to children read in local schools Also, for those of you interested in protecting and helping the environment, the Student Conservation Association has conservation programs throughout the U.S for adults over 18 years old and a youth program for 15- to 19-year-olds e 015    page 17, exercises and 5  1 Alex  I don’t like studying very much, so I certainly don’t want to go to college I’ve already decided what job I’d like to I’m interested in cooking, and my dream is to be a chef in a restaurant I’m going to start a course at my local community college in September It’s only for a year, but at the end of that year, I’ll probably understand a lot more about the job After that I might try to get a job, or I might stay and study for another year at a higher level 2 Luz  There’s really only one choice for me next year I want to go to college and study languages in the future, so next year I really need to focus on my grades I’m not sure what college I’ll go to; it all depends on what my average is Most students study Spanish at my high school, but you can also take French I’m taking both! At college, I want to study German and Italian, too So I’m thinking about signing up for evening classes in those, too 3 Ollie  I’ve always been good at theater and music, and I want to use this in a volunteer program next year I’d like to a volunteer program overseas and help in a high school I think theater and music are so important at that age I think I’d then like to go to theater school when I’m 20, or at least something creative like that I need a break from studying for a year, though, and doing something to help others is a good way to spend that time 4 Emily  I can’t wait to leave school and start earning money as soon as possible, and the job that I’d like to is computer programming, or website designing I know that there are positions out there where you can learn those skills AND get paid while you’re doing it, and I’m determined to find one for me I realize that I need to work hard to get good grades in Math and Computer Science first, and that I may not earn much money at first—but it will be a fantastic opportunity! e 016    page 20, exercise 2  water the plants put the vacuum walk the dog cleaner away the grocery unload the groceries shopping 10 chop vegetables babysit your little 11 charge your phone sister / brother 12 look for your keys make breakfast 13 your homework check your mail 14 sort the recycling tidy up / tidy 15 sweep the floor your room e 017    page 21, exercise 5  make  a cup of tea / a decision / a mistake / a pizza / a plan / money / noise / friends do  karate / some exercise / the housework / your homework / your best e 018    page 21, Mayra’s vlog, exercises and 3  Mayra  Hi, guys! Yes, I’m cleaning my bedroom … and no, it isn’t the weekend! And after this, I’m going to vacuum the living room, too! I have some laundry and ironing to do, but that can wait until Saturday I’m sure you’re wondering what’s happening! How come I’m doing so much housework? It obviously isn’t normal So, here are your choices: A … I’ve gone crazy, B … I’m in really big trouble with my parents, or C … I’m just the perfect daughter! OK Just kidding It’s none of those It’s for a special reason If I lots of extra chores between now and the end of school, my parents say that I can go on vacation with my friends this summer That’s never happened before! We want to go to a town down on the California coast and I can’t wait! So, when I’m not studying, I’m busy, busy, busy with chores Oh, and I’m learning to make dinner, too That’s a lot of fun—and I’m pretty good at it My chicken fajitas are something else! When we go on vacation, we’ll be cooking every night … but I don’t want to get TOO good at cooking, though, because I don’t want to end up cooking every meal! OK, I’ll say bye for now—or else I’ll never be finished! e 020    page 23, exercise 7  Ashley  I have a younger brother—Tyler—and sometimes I feel that life’s really unfair The thing is, I have to loads of things around the house and Tyler doesn’t Every night, I have to chop vegetables for dinner and sort the recycling—but he doesn’t have to anything! He has to feed the dog when we get home from school, but that only takes a few minutes He’s still in elementary school, but he’s almost 11 years old, so I don’t think it’s right! He doesn’t even get much homework, but I have to homework every night! Well … I suppose there is one advantage to being older We live near my school, so I walk every day, but Tyler has to take a bus to his school He has to get up earlier than me—at about 6:30, but I don’t get up until seven Also, he has piano lessons, so he has to practice the piano about three times a week I’m happy I don’t have to that—it’s bad enough listening to him! e 022    page 24, exercise 4  Real English Asking for permission  Is it OK to …? / Could I possibly …? / I was wondering if I could … / Do you mind if I … Giving permission  Yes, no problem / Sure, go ahead / Yes, of course, but you must (choose the dates) Refusing permission  That’s a bit of a problem, I’m afraid / No, I’m sorry, you can’t e 024    page 26, exercise 5  OK, everyone Just a few quick words about the school trip to Boston tomorrow We’ll be leaving at 8:15, so it’s really, really important that everyone is at school at eight o’clock I hope that’s all clear, and that no one will be late In fact, we’ll be leaving at 8:15 anyway, so DO NOT arrive after that time because we won’t wait for you! The good news about tomorrow is that your school uniform isn’t necessary—you can come in your normal clothes Please bring pens and a notebook, as usual, but you cannot bring expensive gadgets like tablets or big cameras OK? No expensive gadgets, please, because we don’t want you losing or breaking them It’s OK to © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 bring your cell phones, of course, so you can use those to take photos if you want, and of course you might need them to contact your parents if we’re a bit late OK? Any questions about all that? e 025    page 27, exercises and 3  The most unusual rules in America America’s famous Capitol Building isn’t just a tourist attraction! It is the place where laws begin Senators are the people chosen to decide these laws While there are many effective laws, there are some very unusual rules in different states Some of them are about animals For example, in Alaska it is illegal to wake a bear to take a picture And in Florida, if an elephant is left tied to a parking meter, a parking fee must be paid! Over 100 years ago, the state of Nevada imported camels from Africa Today, it is still illegal to walk a camel on the highway There are some other crazy rules that aren’t related to animals In Hawaii, you must not place coins inside someone’s ear Facial hair also has a few laws associated with it In Alabama, it is illegal to wear a fake mustache to church if it causes too much laughter But in Indiana, it is against the law to even have a mustache if the person kisses other people a lot Other strange rules apply to food In Georgia, it is illegal to keep an ice cream cone in your back pocket, but only on Sundays Of course, on any other day of the week, from Monday to Saturday, feel free to keep an ice cream cone in your back pocket if you want to! If you don’t like milk, then it’s probably not a good idea to live in Utah In this western U.S. state, it is illegal to not drink milk Perhaps not a good law for those who are allergic to dairy! e 026    page 27, exercises and 5  Nathan  Holly, you have your phone there? Can you check something? I’m thinking of getting a job on Saturdays, but I don’t know if I’m old enough Holly  Let’s take a look … How old are you—15? Well, you’re allowed to get a part-time job when you’re 14, so there’s no problem there But—wait a minute—there are some limits on how many hours you can work Look—it’s all here on this government website … Nathan  Let’s see—ah, OK, thanks So you must not work more than three hours a day … and eighteen hours a week during school time Hmm, actually, this site is quite interesting You know I’m thinking of getting a scooter? Holly  No, I didn’t! Since when? Nathan  Oh, I’ve had the idea for a couple of months Holly  Cool! I think you have to be 14, but the age probably varies state to state Let’s check Nathan  It says here that you’re allowed to ride a scooter when you’re 16 here You don’t have to have a driver’s license Well, that doesn’t sound too bad, but I’ll have to wait a year Holly  It’s probably sensible, to be honest! Nathan  I know! I just hope I can persuade my parents to let me have one … Holly  Hmmm, while we are on this website, let me see how old you have to be before you can get a tattoo … Nathan  Is that what you’re thinking of doing? Your parents will be really mad! Holly  Well, I just want to see what it says about ages … Nathan  Oh, look You must be 18, so you have to wait for that Oh, actually, you can get one with your parents’ permission when you’re 12 Holly  Well, they’ll never agree to that! e 027    page 31, exercise 1  It’s somebody who usually works with animals and grows food It’s something which you use to eat soup and cereal It’s somewhere you can get a book without paying for it It’s a kind of animal that doesn’t have any legs and makes a “hiss” sound It’s the opposite of selfish It’s similar to a mountain, but it’s much smaller It’s what you when someone says something funny e 030    page 31, exercise 5  Santiago  I normally just go on vacation with my friends in the summer When I was younger, I went to summer camp This summer, I’m going to something different and volunteer for a charity I thought about working for an environmental charity, but our city has a lot of homeless people so I’m going to volunteer with a charity that supports them Ana  I’m so excited about this summer Three of us, well it might be four, are going to go traveling We’ve all traveled across South America before so we’re deciding between Europe and the U.S for this trip Personally, I’m hoping to go to the U.S Cal  I have a job on Saturdays in a store at the mall, but I’m probably going to give that up I just got my driver’s license and so I might get a delivery job to make more money on weekends My dad really wants me to become an engineer, so he wants me to get some work experience this summer I’m not that excited about the idea Maria  This is my last year in school So, I have to earn money now I suppose I could go to college, but I really want to earn some money I’m not too excited about getting a job It’s always been my dream to start my own business This summer is going to be hard work for me! No time for vacation this year! e 033    page 34, exercise 2  be attracted to someone get to know someone communicate well together be interested in the same things date someone spend time together share each other’s things enjoy his company / enjoy her company take a break e 035    page 35, Liam’s vlog, exercises and 3  Liam  Hi, everyone! Liam here again Well, I have a bit of an announcement to make today … There’s this friend of mine, and he really likes this girl in our class He wants to ask her out, but he’s a bit shy, so now he’s asked me to it for him—online! So, here we go … This is a message for Yasmin, from class 11D … I hope you’re watching—you know who you are … I’d just like to say that Tom S really likes you, and he wants to go on a date with you! There— done! I’m always happy to help a friend! I guess I’m pretty lucky because I have a big group of friends, and not just boys—I get along well with girls, too, and I think that’s pretty important There’s Zoe, for a start We actually met in junior high school! We get along well because we’re very similar and we like a lot of the same things She isn’t my girlfriend—we’re just friends We spend a lot of time together, and it’s great hanging out with her We always seem to know what the other one is thinking If I’m unhappy or worried, she’s always there for me Sometimes we don’t even have to say anything … Amy! Stop it! Amy  He’s in LOVE! You want to kiss her … Liam  What is your problem?! Amy  … You want to marry her … Liam  Amy—get out! e 037    page 37, exercise 8  Host  Hello and welcome to BFF Challenge! First up tonight, we have Jack and Sophie So—how long have you two been friends? Sophie  Hmm, well, we met when we were in third grade at school—so it’s been a long time Host  Third grade? In elementary school Sophie  Yes We were years old when we met Jack  Which means that I’ve known Sophie for six years e 038    page 37, exercise 9  Host  OK—well, it’s time to find out just how well you know her Let’s get ready to play— the BFF Challenge! OK—first question Sophie, please write down the answer Jack, please say the answer aloud How long has Sophie lived at her current address? Jack  Hmm—well, they’ve had that house since we were in elementary school, so I’d say she’s lived there for ten years Host  Sophie—let’s see your answer I’m sorry, Jack Sophie says that she’s lived at her current address for fifteen years! Is that all your life, Sophie? Sophie  That’s right, Ted I’ve never lived in a different house! Host  OK Let’s see how you on the next one, Jack Sophie has a dog, right? Jack  Sure—his name’s Oscar Host  How long has Sophie had her dog Oscar? What’s your answer, Jack? Jack  This one’s easy—she got Oscar for her birthday, she’s had him for … six months Host  OK—six months … Is that what you’ve written, Sophie? It is! Sophie  That’s right! I got my dog for my birthday, last September Host  Good job, Jack! Now—our final question As you know, Sophie plays the guitar What we want to know is: How long has she played it? Jack  Hmm—not very long I’m going to say that she’s played the guitar for two years Host  Sophie? Sophie  That’s right! I started learning when I was 13 Host  Fantastic! Two years is the correct answer Good job, Jack, you got two out of three Now, it’s time to find out how well Sophie knows you! … e 040    page 38, exercise 4  Real English Asking about the situation  What’s up? / You look worried / You look happy / What’s the matter? Responding to news  That’s great! / That’s terrible! / You must be really happy / You must be really upset / Oh I’m happy to hear that / Oh I’m sorry to hear that / So that’s good news! / So that’s bad news! / Can I anything? / Do you want to talk about it? e 042    page 41, exercises and 3  On today’s podcast, we’re going to find out more about one of the great high school traditions—the prom A prom is a formal party during which American students celebrate the end of their time in high school The tradition has existed since the late 20th century The word prom actually comes from “promenade,” a slow walk young people did at formal dances in the past So, what happens at these proms? Well, the students spend a long time getting ready! They wear formal clothes, and a lot of them organize exciting ways to arrive at the party, like in a limousine or a horse and carriage or a vintage car Although, technically, it’s not a date, many students traditionally go to prom as couples In recent years “promposals” have become an important part of prom preparations A promposal is a funny or romantic way to invite someone to be your prom partner, like asking your friends to sing a song to them or 125 © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 125 07/06/2019 13:04 putting an invitation inside a cake! Don’t worry if you don’t have a girlfriend or a boyfriend These days at most schools, students are allowed to come to the prom in a group of friends One of the highlights of the night is the announcement of the prom king and queen Before the prom, students vote for a boy and a girl who are in the final year of school On the night, the king and queen get crowns and usually dance together That tradition has been around for years, but not many students take it seriously these days Although it was an American tradition, since the early 2000s, schools in other countries have copied a lot of the American traditions e 043    page 41, exercises and 5  1 Macey  It’s our senior prom next month and I’m a little unusual among my group of friends because I still don’t have a date for it! I’m not dating anyone right now I broke up with a boyfriend about a year ago, and there hasn’t been anyone since then But there’s this boy in my class who I’ve had a crush on for years! He’s single right now, so I’m going to ask him to the prom I just need to get the courage to do it! 2 Tyler  Prom night can be quite stressful if you don’t have a girlfriend or boyfriend At our school, you have to go to the prom as part of a couple—it’s just an old tradition, and they haven’t changed it since the 1950s! But my friend Sarah is in the same position as me We’re both single, so we’re just going to go to the prom together 3 Lily  At our school, they realize that not everybody finds it easy to ask people out on a date, and not everybody has a girlfriend or a boyfriend, so they let us go to the prom in groups if we want We don’t have to be part of a couple I’m going as part of a group of six Two of the friends in that group are going out with each other, but the rest of us are single We’ve been friends since we started school, so we want to go to the prom together! 4 Sam  Well, deciding who to take to the prom isn’t a problem for me because I’ve been with my girlfriend Rebecca for three years now! We started going out with each other when we were 15 If you’re asking a girl to be your date for the prom, it’s traditional to it in a very romantic or interesting way You usually give her flowers, which she then wears to the prom, but this year I’ve written a song specially for the occasion, too She’s going to love it! e 044    page 44, exercise 1  arthouse movie police drama talk show the news reality show 10 dystopian future movie superhero movie period drama 11 cartoon 12 anime 6 thriller 7 documentary 13 science fiction e 045    page 45, exercise 4  1 audience 2 critic 3 script 4 subtitles 5 soundtrack 6 director 7 scene special effects e 047    page 45, Mayra’s vlog, exercises and 3  Mayra  Hi there I am absolutely loving London! It’s awesome We’re here on our family vacation and I’ve enjoyed seeing the sights so far Well, now I am super excited because next we’re going to the Warner Brothers Studios near London to see the Harry Potter exhibition there I know, I know I’m a little old for Harry Potter—but I just love the movies I could watch them again and again I think the characters and the special effects are amazing, 126 Link it TG4.indb 126 and I love all that fantasy stuff The Warner Brothers studios are where they actually filmed a lot of the series, so you can see all of the sets and the things that were in the actual movies Yes, I admit it—I’m a real fangirl! I’m not such a big fan of science fiction, though—unlike Mark! Don’t tell anyone, but he’s still got loads of Star Trek stuff that he’s had since he was little I don’t think he’s ready to throw it away yet! He actually likes going to science fiction conventions—and sometimes in costume! Just don’t tell him that you know, OK? I don’t think he really tells a lot of people! But I just think it’s cool that he’s so into it! So what type of movies I like? Well, there’s nothing better than sitting down on a Friday evening with a good romcom—or two! And musicals, of course! But none of my friends want to watch musicals with me because I always start singing! … They’ll change their mind when I’m a big star on the red carpet! e 049    page 47, exercise 10  The world’s earliest motion-picture movie was made in 1888 It’s called Roundhay Garden Scene and it’s just two seconds long! It was filmed in an English garden, but it was made by a French moviemaker—Louis Le Prince The first music video that played on MTV was The Buggles’ Video Killed the Radio Star in 1981 The Big Bang Theory is set in Pasadena Over 300 hours of video are posted to YouTube every minute The site is used by more than billion people! The first Spider-Man movie was released in 2002 It starred Tobey Maguire The number of people who regularly watch movies and TV series on Netflix is about 100 million all over the world! e 051    page 48, exercise 4  Real English Giving positive opinions  The trailer looked good  / The trailer looked cool / I absolutely loved it / The ending was really moving! / The ending was really fantastic! / The ending was really shocking / My favorite part was when … / I can’t wait until the next movie is released! Giving negative opinions  It didn’t live up to my expectations. / I wasn’t impressed. / I thought the beginning was too (slow). / I can’t watch another (Star Wars) movie! / I found it predictable / I found it disappointing / I found it overrated e 054    page 51, exercises 3, 4, and 5  Darren  We have here today Anisha Gupta, who’s going to tell us something about the extraordinary world of Bollywood movies So, Anisha, this is the largest movie industry in the world Is that right? Anisha  That’s absolutely right, Darren Cinema is massive in India—it’s hard to imagine it here—cinemas are still visited by millions of people And it’s growing, too In fact, it’s an exciting time for the Indian movie industry because in the last few years Bollywood movies have started to become popular outside of India, too Darren  So tell me—what are the ingredients for a good Bollywood movie? Anisha  Hmm, well, the most common format of a Bollywood movie hasn’t really changed much for years The first thing you have to understand is that realism isn’t a big thing in Bollywood movies! Indian audiences are used to larger-than-life characters The emphasis is on drama and emotion, not on realistic characters and plots It’s all about fantasy A lot of bold and bright colors are used and—and this is what really defines Bollywood to people outside of India—the characters often tend to start singing and dancing at any opportunity! Darren  So musicals are very popular, then? Anisha  Yes, absolutely, but it’s wrong to call all Bollywood movies “musicals.” A lot of them also have elements from action movies— some are actually quite violent—and also romance and comedy They’re what’s called masala movies Darren  Masala? Isn’t that something to with Indian cooking? Anisha  Yes, that’s right, Darren In cooking, masala is a mixture of lots of different flavors So a masala movie has lots of different elements—music, comedy, action—they’re all mixed together It’s the most popular type of movie Darren  So what else is different about Bollywood movies? Anisha  Hmm, well, things are changing now Boy–girl love stories have always been very popular, in particular stories about couples who aren’t allowed to be together But for years and years the main characters didn’t use to kiss each other Moviemakers seemed to feel that it was wrong to show kissing But cinema audiences always used to shout out to the characters to kiss each other! Darren  They used to call out? Anisha  Oh, sure There’s lots of audience participation in Indian cinemas: people calling out to the characters, or singing and dancing! If it’s your first visit to an Indian cinema, that can be a bit of a surprise! e 057    page 55, exercises 4, 5, and 6  Joe  So, Grandma, I’m doing this school project and we have to interview someone older about what life was like when they were young—what they used to for fun and things like that Grandma  All right, Joe What you need to know? Joe  Well, obviously, you didn’t have TV when you were young … Grandma  No, that’s right People didn’t start getting TVs in the U.S until the 1950s, and even then not many people had one We used to listen to the radio instead Joe  So when did you get your first TV? Grandma  Oh, well, I suppose it was in the late 1950s But I was an adult by then Joe  So what did you for entertainment when you were my age? Grandma  Well, we used to go to the movies a lot My mom loved the movies and she used to take me every Sunday In those days, you could sit and watch the same movie again and again We used to spend all afternoon there! You could watch the news at the movie theater, too There were special news movies called newsreels And there was the radio Radio was very important when I was a girl We used to sit around the radio in the same way that people sit around the TV today People on the radio were big celebrities! Joe  And what else did you use to on the weekends? Grandma  Oh, well, we used to go out dancing every Saturday night Everyone used to get dressed up and go to the dance hall There was always a band there—and lots of people That’s where I met your great-grandpa! e 058    page 56, exercise 2  1 bone 2 cell 3 intestines 4 blood e 061    page 58, exercise 1  1 head 9 knee 16 cheek 2 neck 10 ankle 17 mouth 3 shoulder 11 foot 18 chin arm (plural: feet) 19 finger 5 elbow 12 toe 20 thumb 6 chest 13 back 21 wrist 7 stomach 14 bone 8 leg 15 forehead © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 e 062    page 59, exercise 4  b  I cut my hand a  I twisted my ankle g  I got a blister c  I broke my leg d  I burned my finger f  I bumped my head i  I dislocated my shoulder e  I pulled a muscle h  I got a splinter e 063    page 59, Liam’s vlog, exercises and 3  Liam  Hi Well, have you noticed that I’m wearing something a bit different today? Yep—I’ve just come back from the hospital and now I have to wear … this! Ow! I must remember not to that! So how did it happen? Well, imagine this … my soccer team had a game this evening, and I was the goalie We were winning; we were one goal up and the other team was going to score another goal, so I threw myself at the ball, caught it, and came down really hard on my right arm We continued playing, but my hand was hurting badly In the end, they stopped the game and I had to go to the hospital I had an X-ray and it turns out that I broke two fingers— so I was the hero of the game … In my dreams! Look—I need to confess … that isn’t exactly what happened It’s true that I had an X-ray and it’s true that I’ve broken two fingers—but the truth is that I had an accident before the game I was cycling to the game when a cat ran in front of my bike—and I fell off So that’s it How stupid is that? I didn’t even play in the game, and now I have to wear this thing for a month! Things can’t get much worse than this! e 065    page 61, exercise 8  1 lip 2 nose 3 eyebrow tooth (plural teeth) 5 ear nail, fingernail e 068    page 62, exercise 4  Real English Doctor  What seems to be the problem? / How long have you had (the earache)? / Can I take a look? / You probably have (an infection) / Here’s a prescription Take it (twice a day) / I’ll check (your temperature). / You’d better take (some antibiotics) and you should get plenty of rest Patient  I feel really (sick) / I have a bad (earache) / I’ve also had some pain in my (neck) / I’ve had it for about (two days) now. / What should I if it doesn’t get better? e 070    page 65, exercise 2  The Maya are the native people of an area that was known as Mesoamerica, part of modern day Mexico and Central America All Maya people had a shared culture and religion, but they did not form one single empire Each city governed itself and had one ruler Piercings, tattoos, and other forms of body modification were an important part of Maya culture Both men and women got tattoos, but Maya men did not get tattoos until they were married Traditionally, women had their upper body tattooed and men had their legs, arms, face, back, and hands tattooed Maya people got a wide variety of tattoos Powerful animals such as serpents or jaguars were popular with royal people and warriors A serpent with feathers represented the god Kukulkan and signified wisdom and spirituality Jaguars represented bravery and power Many of these tattoos are still popular today The tattoos showed the Mayas’ position in society, special skills they had, or religious power they held Tattooing was considered dangerous and difficult Often people got sick after getting a tattoo and never recovered from the process The pain and suffering were thought to be a way of honoring the gods e 071    page 65, exercises and 4  Tour guide  So, welcome, everyone, to the Aztec Cultural Exhibition I’m sure you already know a lot about the many famous groups of people who lived throughout Central and South America So, what influence have these cultures had on the modern world? Well, the Aztecs have had a number of important influences One of the first major influences we can see here in this exhibit is the ancient sun stone There are actually three calendars within this wheel There is a 260-day calendar which marked all of the important rituals and festivals and the xiupohualli calendar which had a 365-day year Three hundred sixty of these days were named and five had no name Each 20-day period basically represented a month It is thought that this calendar was actually an agricultural calendar and helped the people to follow the seasons It is the earliest example in the world of a calendar being divided into the modern 365-day cycle we still use today Now, I’m sure none of you needs any introduction to this next product— chocolate Both the Maya and the Aztecs valued cacao which is the basis of chocolate It was used as a currency and in tributes to the gods They also made a spicy hot chocolate drink that was popular among wealthy people Later, the Spanish would add sugar to the drink and we soon had the product the world loves today! Perhaps the most important influence the Aztecs had, though, was in the field of education The Aztec culture was one of the first places in the world to have mandatory education for everyone All children, no matter what their social status, were educated For the first few years, children learned at home before going to formal schools to learn craftwork, religion, singing, dancing, and even medicine e 072    page 68, exercise 2  global warming 10 air pollution / endangered water pollution / species land pollution climate change 11 greenhouse gases wind power 12 deforestation 13 solar energy 5 recycling fossil fuels 14 tree planting 15 energy saving landfill waste 8 conservation 16 sustainability 9 public transportation e 073    page 69, Mayra’s vlog, exercises and 3  Mayra  OK, so our school is having a “Go Green Week” this week We all have to make a special effort to be green and think hard about the impact that we make on the environment At the start of the week, some of us made a promise to something green every day Some of my friends and I are going to help pick up trash at our local park, and then we’re going to help plant some trees That’s part of a bigger plan to conserve the park and protect the wildlife in it Mark’s made a promise to walk or cycle to school every day That way he’s going to make his own contribution to reducing pollution and global warming! Ah—here he is! Mark  Hey, everyone What you think? Mayra  Mark—what are you wearing? Mark  It’s my cycling outfit Do you like it? I thought it would be a good excuse to buy something new! Mayra  So what have you done with your old cycling clothes? Mark  Oh, I threw them out They were a bit old-fashioned Mayra  But it’s supposed to be Go Green Week! We’re supposed to be thinking about waste and sustainability! I think you’re missing the point Mark  Ah … well, they’re still in my trash can at home I suppose I could always get them out Mayra  I think that would be the right thing to Mark  And … donate them to a thrift store? Mayra  Yes Now you’re getting it! e 074    page 70, exercise 1  sign a petition support a cause or campaign protest about an issue donate money, food, or clothes to charity take part in a demonstration raise awareness raise money for charity take part in an event e 077    page 72, exercise 4  Real English Persuasive language You really ought to (read about it) / You really should (read about it) / Did you know that …? / Don’t you think that’s (bad)? / Try to see it from another point of view / Have you ever thought about that? / Haven’t you ever thought about that? / That’s not the point. / You have to admit that’s (pretty serious)! / Can I persuade you to (take a leaflet now)? e 079    page 75, exercise 2  In the latest of our series of podcasts on protecting different parts of the world, today we’re going to look at Canada Canada: a country worth protecting! Canada is one of the world’s last great wild places It’s nearly 10 million square kilometers in size, but its population is only about 35 million A large part of Canada is in the Arctic Circle It has 50 national parks, including mountains, forests, glaciers, and marine parks Like the rest of the world, Canada has had environmental challenges, but it has also found ways to manage them So what are the key areas that need protecting? Well, first, there are the forests About 40% of Canada is covered in forests Large areas of forest are protected, which means that it is prohibited to have industry there or to cut down trees There are also laws to protect wildlife and the rights of native people who depend on the forest Another important aspect is the protection of polar bears Two thirds of the world’s polar bears live on Canadian territory, and Churchill, in the province of Manitoba, is known as the “polar bear capital of the world.” The bears need to go on the ice to hunt seals, but the water temperature in Churchill is now about two degrees warmer than it used to be, and the sea ice has been melting Canada is also working with scientists, animal rights activists, and native people to protect polar bears They now have a special protected status As a result, the number of polar bears in Canada has remained stable Other important issues include … e 080    page 75, exercises and 5  Vancouver, on the north-west coast of Canada, is one of the greenest cities in North America That’s “green” in both senses of the word! The city is surrounded by forests and mountains, but, since the early 2000s, it’s also been making a big effort to reduce its ecological footprint on the environment In that year, the city decided to follow the Greenest City Action Plan, and it’s been changing the way that a lot of its inhabitants live Some of the goals of the action plan are: to reduce the city’s greenhouse gases by 33%; to make all of its new buildings as green as possible; to reduce the city’s water consumption by 33%; to reduce the quantity of waste that it produces by 50%; and to plant over 100,000 new trees in the city Actually, since 2008, Vancouver has been trying to become the greenest city in the 127 © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 127 07/06/2019 13:04 world What’s amazing is the success that the Greenest City Action Plan has had Vancouver currently has the lowest quantity of greenhouse gas emissions of any city in North America, it has reduced its water consumption by 20%, and there has been a big increase in the number of people cycling, walking, or taking public transportation In fact, 50% of trips in and around Vancouver are now made without a car As a result, the air quality in the city is also much better than it used to be The city has reduced waste by collecting organic waste from people’s houses, making it into compost, and selling it back to the city’s gardeners Walking around Vancouver, you can see that they have planted new trees, and that people are growing their own food in community gardens, where there is also low-energy lighting and bicycle lanes going by There are bicycles for sharing, and free parking spaces for drivers who share cars The results of the Greenest City Action Plan are there for everybody to see e 084    page 79, exercises and 6  Hip-hop or rap rarely make it into a musical, but these two very modern genres have been used to tell the story of a historical figure: Alexander Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of the United States So, who was the man who inspired this modern musical? Alexander Hamilton was an orphan on the Caribbean island of Nevis His father had abandoned him and his mother when he was very young, and his mother died when he was just 11 years old As a young clerk, he had shown particular skills in writing So much so that a group of elders on the island decided to fund his attendance at King’s College in New York—now Columbia University However, he soon became involved in the War of Independence, firstly as a captain fighting in the war and then as an adviser to George Washington Later, he returned to the battle and led the final fight against the British army in Yorktown, Virginia During this time, he was one of the joint founders of the first bank in North America, and later worked as a lawyer in New York He helped to write the U.S Constitution, and when George Washington became President, he worked in the government helping to establish trade with the British, opposing slavery, and creating the first national bank However, he was not popular with everyone and created many enemies Hamilton made an enemy of the politician Aaron Burr and was challenged to a duel Hamilton was shot by Burr and, shortly after, died e 086    page 82, exercise 2  What is this sculpture called? Where is the person in this drawing from? Who did this painting? Where is this famous example of neogothic architecture? When were these ceramics made? Where were these textiles made? In which country was photography invented in the 19th century? Where can you see this street art? Which game these computer graphics come from? e 087    page 83, exercise 4  Positive  amazing / fantastic / wonderful / inspiring Neutral  strange / challenging / unusual / original Negative  awful / ridiculous / shocking / weird 128 Link it TG4.indb 128 e 088    page 83, Mayra’s vlog, exercises and 3  Mayra  Hi there I’ve just gotten back from a great field trip! It was a trip for all the art classes at school to two of the most famous art galleries in New York To be honest, I wasn’t looking forward to it that much This semester I’m taking a Graphic Design class, which is a type of art, but it’s a bit different from painting and drawing It’s more like designing with the computer and using photography and things like that So I thought the trip would be just looking at old paintings or weird modern sculptures, which I’m not into But, surprisingly, it turned out to be a really good trip! First, we went to the Metropolitan Museum of Art near Central Park I enjoyed that a lot more than I expected I thought it would be pretty boring, but there were lots of famous paintings there and we had a great guide who showed us around In the afternoon, we went to the Guggenheim Museum, which is an amazing modern art museum A lot of the art in there is quite challenging In fact, some of it is just … weird!—like, the “Life Is Cheap” exhibition The first room you walk through has a smell created by the artist The second room is a colony of ants Then there is a room with live bacteria growing so the “art” is constantly changing It was amazing, but weird! There was also an awesome photography exhibition there It was a collection of sunsets The photos were all photos of sunsets people had shared on Flickr and combined with sunsets from Fire Island, which is an island near New York City I know it sounds a little unusual, but it was so inspiring e 091    page 86, exercise 4  Real English Expressing personal opinions  In my opinion, it’s always better to read the book before watching the movie / Personally, I think that watching the movie can help you understand the book better / We’ll have to agree to disagree, then! / If you ask me, it’s made English class much more interesting! Adding emphasis to opinions  The plot’s so exciting! / It’s such an original idea for a story! / It’s very interesting! / They’ve chosen such scary books this term! e 093    page 89, exercises and 3  UNESCO is an organization of the United Nations that helps to protect historically important places It also recognizes the importance of cities around the world for their contribution to literature In 2015, Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, became the 20th city of literature on the list Montevideo became an important city for literature in the early 20th century, partly because of its geographical position It has a busy port that has traditionally welcomed people from all over South America, which promoted an exchange of ideas and cultures People such as the writer and philosopher Carlos Vaz Ferreira, the successful female poet Delmira Agustini, and Felisberto Hernández, who was considered one the most original Latin American short story writers, became wellknown and important writers Perhaps one of the most famous writers from Montevideo is Bartolomé José Hidalgo The writer and poet was born in the city in 1788 and was one of the people who started gaucho literature Gaucho literature is a style of writing that uses the language of gauchos (or South American cowboys) and tries to reflect their mentality There is a statue of him in Montevideo and a park and road named after him There is also an annual literature prize in his name in Uruguay Books are popular in Montevideo and there are many bookstores across the city There are also mobile libraries on beaches, where people can borrow from a huge range of books For secondhand books, people can go to the Feria de Tristán Narvaja—a great place to buy secondhand books This flea market, which takes over a whole neighborhood on certain days, has hundreds of tables, crates, and shelves full of books for people to buy Since 2006, a festival of poetry has been organized by the local government in Montevideo which attracts poets from around the world Similarly, the International Book Fair is hosted annually in Montevideo and has also expanded to have events in Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile The cities work to bring modern writers of fiction together e 094    page 89, exercises and 5  Interviewer  With me today is Maria Sanchez, from the Hay Literary Festival So, Maria, you must be busy getting ready for this weekend! Woman  That’s right, Dan This Sunday, January 31st, is the Hay Festival, in Colombia Interviewer  So what exactly is the Hay Festival? Maria  It’s a celebration of literature across the world There are different events in the U.K., Peru, Spain, Mexico, and here in Colombia It actually began in Wales a few decades ago Interviewer  And is it all here in Bogotá this year? Maria  No, we have events across the country Here in Bogotá, we have an event focusing on 39 writers from across Latin America who are all under 40 years old We have Natália Borges Polesso from Brazil, Diego Erlan from Argentina, Carlos Fonseca from Costa Rica, and many more We also have a showcase of Latin American literature that has been translated into English Interviewer  What other events are there across the country? Maria  Well, in Medellín, we have had all sorts of events for the last three days, including a conversation with Guillermo Arriaga, the writer of screenplays for popular movies such as Amores Perros, 21 Grams, and Babel We had political activists speaking and live bands playing as well In Riohacha, we also had an event that included some great talks for people interested in children’s literature Interviewer  Oh, who did you have speaking there? Maria  Well, Ana Alonso for one She wrote Pizca de Sal, a series of fantasy stories for children and with Javier Pelegrín she published La llave del tiempo, or The Key of Time in English, which is a series aimed at young adults She gave a great talk on what makes a literary character feel alive Olga de Dios, the author and illustrator, whose book Monstruo Rosa about diversity is used in preschools, gave a great talk on how diversity can be positive and what we can learn from it Interviewer  That sounds amazing Well, good luck for the next few days! Maria  Thank you! I hope you enjoy the events e 095    page 92, exercise 2  A have a good time F learn about other cultures G B go on a cruise travel by boat H C travel by bus fly on a plane I D sunbathe on the beach go sightseeing J E visit friends or relatives visit museums or attractions pack a suitcase go backpacking go out at night read a guidebook stay in a hotel go camping buy souvenirs rent a motorcycle or skis book all tickets and hotels online in advance buy a one-way ticket © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 e 096    page 93, exercise 4  day trip / business trip / school trip summer vacation / beach vacation / package vacation vacation resort / tourist resort / ocean resort bus tour / sightseeing tour / guided tour e 097    page 93, exercise 5  a visit to an area or place, usually with a guide—tour a journey to a place and back again, usually a short one for pleasure or a specific purpose—trip when you travel from point A to point B— journey a short trip for pleasure—excursion a place where people go on vacation and stay—resort period of time spent traveling; when you don’t have to work or go to school— vacation e 098    page 93, Liam’s vlog, exercises and 3  Liam  Morning, all I can’t wait till the weekend! I really need a break, so I’m going away for a few days with a group of friends We’re going camping in Yosemite National Park, California, and we’re going to rent bikes I’m sure we’ll have a great time! Well, at least I hope so because my last trip was a complete nightmare! My family and I booked a package vacation to Cancún Cancún was beautiful, but my vacation was a disaster! We also discovered that our hotel was very far away from Cancún itself! We were literally in the middle of nowhere! Top tip—always look at a map or read a guidebook BEFORE you book a place to stay! Luckily, the hotel was wonderful and very relaxing But, unfortunately, when I was relaxing in the resort, I fell asleep on a lounge chair and got a sunburn! I was in so much pain for the rest of the week! My sister stayed in bed all morning, and then sunbathed, reading a book, all afternoon by the pool I wanted to go on some excursions or take a tour of the area, but Amy didn’t She hates sightseeing and she just wanted to relax It was so boring! Especially because I accidentally packed my school textbook rather than the novel I wanted to read! On top of that, our plane was late on the return trip home I loved Cancún, but next time I’d wear some sun lotion! e 101    page 96, exercise 4  Real English Making recommendations  You might want to (look at this website) / I (would book a hotel downtown) if I were you / The first thing I would is (go to La Barra). / You could always (go to the beach) … / I would also recommend (going on a whale-watching tour) / I would book (tickets fast) e 103    page 99, exercises and 3  Born in 1906, Aloha Wanderwell was an avid reader who was inspired by her father’s collection of adventure books Given the time when Aloha was growing up, the main character in these books was usually a boy, but this didn’t stop her dreams of travel and adventure in exotic parts of the world Aloha was originally born Idris Galcia Welsh in Winnipeg, Canada Her stepfather was transferred to the U.K to fight with the British army in World War I The family followed him there and lived in England, Belgium, and France Already her passion for traveling was increasing, so her mother sent her to boarding school in Belgium and France She thought it would calm her daughter’s excitement about travel Unfortunately, this didn’t have the desired effect In 1922, at the age of 16, Aloha set off on an adventure around the world After seeing an advertisement in a newspaper, she met Walter Wanderwell and they started to travel the world together Over the next five years, she became the first woman to drive around the world During this time, she visited over 80 countries, six continents, and drove over 500,000 miles She also married Walter and had two children The trip itself was partly sponsored by Ford Motor Company, but Aloha and Walter got most of their money from filming and travel lectures At times, they ran out of fuel and had to use anything from bananas to elephant fat to power the car At one stage in China, the civil war made it impossible to buy any fuel But, with help from some local people, they pulled the car for 80 miles! e 104    page 99, exercises and 5  Interviewer  So, we’ve all heard of the many famous male explorers From Marco Polo to Scott of the Antarctic to Columbus Why have we heard less about the great female explorers? Mary  Good question! I think it largely comes down to opportunity at the time There were definitely fewer female explorers But also, I’m afraid just sexist attitudes at the time Men’s achievements were more celebrated than women’s! Interviewer  So, who are some of the greatest female explorers? Mary  Well, back in the 1800s, the book, Around the World in 80 Days was released Each part was published gradually in a newspaper so that it read almost like a news update Weirdly, some people actually thought it was real and it certainly inspired people to travel more One such person was the American journalist Nellie Bly who, inspired by the book, made her way around the world in 72 days Interviewer  So, she beat the book! Mary  Yes, she did To be honest, women often had to record their adventures in great detail; otherwise people wouldn’t believe them Interviewer  Really?! Mary  Yes, there was great suspicion around their travels One amazing traveler was Fanny Bullock Workman An American woman from a wealthy background, she rode a bicycle through Spain and India and climbed the Himalayas She loved to show off her achievements and shame her rivals The thing was, though, that she had such precise records and measurements of journey distances that no one could argue with her! Interviewer  Wow! That’s amazing! Mary  My favorite female explorer, though, has to be Jeanne Baret Interviewer  Why? Mary  I think her story just sums up how different things were for women in that time Women were banned from the French navy So, between 1766 and 1769, Jeanne disguised herself as a man and traveled around the world on a French navy ship! At some point on the voyage, her real gender was discovered, but no one knows exactly when e 108    page 103, exercise 6  Eva  I love summer vacations I usually work a little first, sometimes at the local campsite I try to save some money so that I have more to spend on vacation! I’d love to be able to stay in a big hotel, but if I did that, my vacation would only be about a week long I tend to go backpacking because I can afford to go for three or four weeks then Laura  Most years, I go to visit relatives, but this year I’m not I just finished college and I want to take some time out to travel If I find somewhere I like, I might even stay there and work My friends want to rent motorcycles and travel around, but I’ve bought a one-way ticket to Quito It’s a great city! I know I’ll have a good vacation there, and who knows—I might even find a job! Juan  I really don’t like to much on vacation I’m not really enthusiastic about seeing sights and visiting attractions I think my parents made me that too much as a kid I just want to sunbathe on the beach I don’t have much money this year, so I can’t afford to fly anywhere I think I might just take a bus to the coast Carlos  My vacations have always been about having a good time with friends We go out at night, sunbathe during the day, and generally just chill out This time, I want to something different I’ve always been interested in Suriname It’s quite different from my country so I want to learn about its culture e 111    page 110 / X3, Listening Part 4, exercise 2  You will hear part of a radio interview with Jack, who decided to join a digital detox programme Interviewer  Today, we’re talking about spending less time on social media Our guest is someone who made the decision to spend two weeks on a digital detox programme last summer So, Jack, why did you need to use technology less? Jack  Well, in my last year at school, I was getting quite depressed about the choices which I had to make Instead of talking to teachers or my friends, I was spending a lot of time on social media My parents were worried about me, too The more time I spent on social media, the less time I had to sleep and to study, and my marks began to get lower Then I read an article about teens and stress, and it suggested digital detox as a solution Interviewer  So, tell us about the programme Jack  OK There were ten young people on the course When we arrived at the centre, we were allowed to phone our parents, but then we had to give our phones and tablets to the receptionist We got lots of exercise outside, walking, cycling, and swimming, and we talked to each other and the therapists about our life choices Interviewer  Did you find it difficult to live without technology? Jack  Not at all We all agreed that we spent too much time online and that this was avoiding real life We have so many decisions to make in our lives that we sometimes find life stressful We did so many things on the programme that we didn’t have time to think about social media or what we were missing online Interviewer  Do you think the programme will help you make a choice about your future? Jack  Yes, it already has I planned to go to university, but I felt I needed more time to decide which course to study Talking about the problem made me realise that I didn’t have to go to university immediately after school I decided to get a job for a few months and then go travelling around Europe between school and university Interviewer  What did your friends think about your decision to go on the programme? Jack  I thought some of them might be surprised, but they weren’t They all thought it was a good idea because I talked to them more when I came back from the programme I don’t think any of them need to detox themselves, although they say they’re more aware of how much they use social media because of me Interviewer  What’s your attitude to social media today? 129 © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 129 07/06/2019 13:04 Jack  I think I’m a normal teen! I still post selfies and I follow some musicians, but today I don’t always have my phone in my hand In fact, sometimes, I don’t even know where it is, and that’s a good thing! e 112    page 112 / X5, Listening Part 3, exercise 3  So, we’ve all seen the new James Bond film at the cinema and I’m not the only person asking an important question Is it time for the 007 films to come to an end? Is there room in the 21st century for stories about the life and loves of a British spy? Let’s look back at the history of the stories The first James Bond story was written by Ian Fleming in 1953 When James Bond first appeared in cinemas in the 1962 film Dr No, he was played by Sean Connery Connery went on to play the character in another six films, making a total of seven appearances in the role Back in the 1960s, the films were very popular, and when Connery retired from playing 007, audiences had no problems adjusting to a change of actor David Niven and George Lazenby only played James Bond once each, before Roger Moore became the face of our hero in the 1970s So, why have the films been so popular? Perhaps because of the glamorous actresses who played the famous Bond Girls A couple of the films have won awards for special effects, although more of them have won awards for songs, often recorded by famous artists like Paul McCartney There is no doubt that, with the films having made an estimated 14 billion dollars, they have been a great success Perhaps with a new, modern James Bond, they can be successful in the future, too This film critic, however, thinks that 60 years of a character is enough and that the stories are now quite predictable I’d even say that the films look back to the past too much and the stories are old-fashioned There, I’ve said it and yes, it’s time for James Bond to retire! e 113    page 115 / X12, Listening Part 1, exercise 3  What does the doctor advise? Doctor  Yes, you’ve got a slight temperature You definitely shouldn’t be in school for the next couple of days Boy  I don’t feel too bad, really My headache’s gone now I’m just really tired Doctor  Well, you don’t need a prescription for anything I think the best thing you can is keep warm and get plenty of rest, and I’m sure you’ll feel better in a couple of days What has the boy been doing? Girl  I saw you in the town centre on Saturday afternoon with some other people What were you doing? It looked like some sort of demonstration Boy  On Saturday? Oh, we were campaigning to raise awareness about the effect of global warming on polar bears We put up some posters about a talk in the evening The talk was really interesting There was a scientist from Earth Friends who talked to us about the effects of global warming on a lot of endangered species What does the girl’s hair look like? Girl  Hi, John I’ve done it! I’ve been to the hairdresser’s and I’ve completely changed my look! I feel fantastic, but it looks really different! Boy  Have you had it cut short? Girl  Not really, the length is about the same as it was before No, the thing that’s really different is the colour I’ve always dreamed of changing it Dark hair is so boring Anyway, I’ve had it dyed and you probably won’t recognise me! I’m not really blonde; it’s more of a silver colour! 130 Link it TG4.indb 130 How has the boy decided to go to school? Girl  Hi, Pete I didn’t see you on the bus this morning Pete  No I’ve decided to cycle to and from school every day Girl  Are you trying to get fit or save money? Pete  Neither I think I’m fit enough already! I go to the gym and I play football three times a week and the bus pass is really cheap No, I’ve been thinking about the environment There are too many buses and cars on the road anyway I only live two kilometres from school, so there’s no excuse not to use my bike You won’t believe it, but cycling to school is actually quicker! What advice does the woman give about the interview? Woman  Thank you for listening Now, are there any questions? Yes, the boy on the left Boy  Thank you very much Just one question Is there anything particular we should always when we go for a job interview? Woman  I think it’s important to be yourself Body language is also important It’s not a good idea to cross your arms And you should always shake hands with your interviewer when you meet It can be a very stressful situation when you’re being interviewed for a job Yes, I’d say that being yourself and having good, confident body language are the two most important things What has the boy been doing all morning? Mum  Have you been playing that video game since I went to work this morning? Boy  No, I haven’t OK, I played it for a bit this morning, but come on, Mum, we are on holiday Mum  I know you’re on holiday, but you’ve still got tons of homework to do, haven’t you? That’s what you said on Friday Boy  Well, I did a bit of homework, and then Gran phoned and asked me to help her She’s been having problems with a virus on her computer, so I spent three hours this morning sorting that out for her Mum  Did you? Oh, thank you, darling You are wonderful! e 114    page 117 / X14, Listening Part 2, exercise 3  You will hear two friends talking about a journey Girl  How are you going to get to London? Boy  I think I’m going to go by train I looked at the coach timetable, but it takes much longer to get there Girl  We went by train in December and it was very fast We made one mistake, though; we bought our tickets when we got to the station and they were really expensive If I were you, I’d book them online in advance because the earlier you book them, the less they cost Whatever you do, don’t buy them on the train; that’s even more expensive! You will hear a man talking to a security officer at the airport Woman  Good morning, sir Have you got a computer in that bag? Man  No, I haven’t I’ve got a camera and a mobile phone Would you like me to take them out of the bag? Woman  No, thank you, that’s fine If you’re wearing a belt, could you take it off, please, and put it in the tray where you’ve already put your jacket? That’s great Thanks You will hear a boy and a girl talking about a book they’ve read Girl  I’ve been reading 1984, by George Orwell Have you started it yet? Boy  Yes, I’ve almost finished it, but it’s a bit depressing Girl  Oh? I think it’s just realistic It’s surprising how a book written in 1949 seems to be talking about today! Boy  That’s true It’s funny, but my mum said exactly the same thing and she must have read it 25 years ago I guess that’s what makes it a classic You will hear a tour guide talking to a tourist Guide  I’m glad you enjoyed the tour After lunch, we’re going to visit the National Portrait Gallery, which is very near here and I think you’ll probably enjoy that visit, too Man  Will we see any more paintings by Turner? Guide  Not this afternoon, I’m afraid, but you will see a painting of him! You might be interested in visiting the permanent Turner exhibition at Tate Britain if you have time tomorrow Would you like this map? I picked it up at the Tourist Information Office in case anyone wanted one Man  Thanks very much That’s very kind of you You will hear a man and a woman discussing a flight Captain  We expect to arrive at London’s Heathrow Airport in about 35 minutes’ time—that’s at 25 past two local time Man  Isn’t that early? Woman  No, it’s on time, but it seems much shorter than the journey to Bologna Man  That’s because you’ve been asleep for most of the way I’ve been really bored One thing I will say, though—it’s been a lot nicer than the flight from London That was the most uncomfortable flight I’ve been on in years! Woman  Yes, I hate flying in windy weather This flight has been great! You will hear a boy telling his friend about an art exhibition Girl  I’m sorry I couldn’t come on the school trip to the ceramics exhibition I didn’t feel well Did you like it? Boy  Actually, it was better than I expected I’m not much of a fan of that type of art and I usually prefer street art to traditional exhibitions The last time we went to an art gallery I was really disappointed and I didn’t enjoy it much, but that was just paintings Some of the ceramics were amazing, especially the ones from the 1930s Girl  I’m going to try to persuade Mum to take me next weekend Boy  That’s a good idea I’m sure you’ll love it © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 Workbook answer key Giving permission Sure, go ahead!; Yes, of course, but …; Yes, no problem Refusing permission That’s a bit of a problem today, I’m afraid.; No, I’m sorry, you can’t Unit Unit Page W13 Exam practice and review Page W4 1  3  5  7  8  a course in computing   2  children volunteer work   4  a business lots of money   6  married a qualification in chemistry divorced  9  for a job   10  house 1  for  2 get  3 taking  4 went   5  share  6 moving  7 leaving  8  doing 1  don’t add  2 possibility  3 isn’t used 1  might  2 might  3 ‘ll  4 might 5  ‘ll  6 ‘ll  7 will  8 might Page W5 1  3  5  7  will taste   2  might come   probably won’t like   4  might not come   may like   6  will probably taste   may not win 1  which  2 which  3 whose 4  where  5 which  6 who 1, 2, and 1, 2, and 1  get a job   2  get home   3  get fit   4  get a coffee   5  get to the gym   6  get a postcard from your best friend Page W6 Let’s talk about … 1  4  2 1  3 5  4 2  5 3 1  b  2 c  3 b  4 c  5 a 1  120  2 homework  3 credits   4  any subject  5 beginner classes 6  study abroad  7 campus  8  students Students’ own answers Page W10 Outside the house walk the dog; go grocery shopping; check your mail Only in the kitchen or dining room unload the shopping; make breakfast; chop vegetables Other rooms inside the house babysit your little brother / sister; tidy up; your homework; sweep the floor; put the vacuum cleaner away; sort the recycling; water the plants; charge your phone; look for your keys 1  babysit  2 charge  3 make  4 keys 5  away  6 water  7 sort  8  floor 1  make pizza  2 do karate 3  your homework  4 make a mistake 5  the grocery shopping  6 make a cup of tea have to, don’t have to, Does, have to Page W11 1  Does your dad have to work on Sundays? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t Do you have to wear school uniform? Yes, I / No, I don’t Do you and your friends have to study for a test tomorrow? Yes, we / No, we don’t Does your best friend have to a lot of chores at home? Yes, he / she does / No, he / she doesn’t 1  c  2 a  3 d  4 b  5 b  6 c 1  c  2 a  3 c  4 c  5  b  6 b 1  O  2 P  3 NN  4 P  5 NN  6 O 1  don’t have to  2 must not   3  don’t have to  4 must not 5  must not  6 don’t have to Page W12 Let’s talk about … 1  a  2 b  3 a  4 c  5 a   1  could  2 ahead  3 wondering 4  afraid  5 mind  6 sorry  7 is  8 but   9  problem Asking permission Sorry, but could I possibly …?; I was also wondering if you could …?; Do you mind if I…?; Is it OK to …? © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 131 1  a  2 b  3 a  4 c Students’ own answers Unit Page W16 1  on someone  2 a break 3  interested in someone  4 attracted to someone  5 well with someone 6  in the same things  7 to know someone  8 his / her company 1  break up with someone  2  get to know someone  3  cheat on someone 4  fall out with someone 1  to  2 on  3 with  4 liked  5 get 6  out  7 company  8 are past participle 1  since  2 for Page W17 1  where I buy  2  volunteer 3  may not be time  4  got a text message  5  whose son is engaged 1  b  2 a  3 a  4 c  5 a 1  c  2 b  3 d  4 a 1  true  2 point  3 might  4 agree 5  afraid  6 agree  7 sure  8 right Page W7 Exam practice and review I’ve known Maria for five years They haven’t been friends for very long We haven’t played beach volleyball since last summer You’ve been in love with her for ages My mom hasn’t spoken French since she left school 1  must give  2 must not take  3  must use  4 must not talk  5  must not forget  6 must not copy  7  must wait Agree I think that’s true.; That’s a good point.; Yes, I agree with you Neutral You might be right, but …; You’re right, but … Disagree I’m afraid I don’t agree with you.; I’m not sure that’s true 1  a  2 c  3 d  4 a  5 b  6 b  7  d  8 a 1  ’ve lived, for  2 haven’t played, since  3 ’s known, since  4 ’ve had, for  5 hasn’t spoken, for How long has he had it? When did they leave? How long has she been in the hospital? Why did she break up with Andy? How long have you known her? a  the same  b by the subject and not by someone else 10 1  ourselves  2 himself  3 yourself 4  herself  5 yourselves  6 myself 7  itself  8 themselves 11 1  each other  2 ourselves  3 itself 4  each other  5 each other  6  themselves 12 1  each other  2 themselves  3  each other   4  yourselves  5  each other  6 each other 131 07/06/2019 13:04 Page W18 Let’s talk about … Did Jareth’s brother use to like acting? Did you use to have a dog? 1  b, should wear a scarf  2  a, shouldn’t eat anything  3  f, should go to the hospital   4  e, should wash it  5  c, shouldn’t carry heavy bags  6  d, shouldn’t walk on it 1  a  2 b  3 c  4 a  5 b  6 a Page W24 Let’s talk about … 1  TV series  2 UNESCO heritage 3  nine o’clock  4 lunch  5 7.99  6 nine Page W30 Let’s talk about … Page W19 Exam practice and review 1  matter  2 sorry  3 talk  4 do  5  good   6  up  7  look  8  That’s  9  must 1  d  2 a  3 c  4 b  5 e 1  on  2 each other  3 since 4  for  5 have you played 1  themselves  2 for  3 has 4  themselves  5 each other  6 since 1  b  2 a  3 b  4 b  5 c Students’ own answers Unit Page W22 1  3  5  7  the news  2 reality show police drama   4 talk show   period drama  6 documentary anime  8 cartoon 1  a  2 b  3 c  4 a  5 c 1  looked  2 loved  3 wait 4  wasn’t  5 live  6  found   7  beginning  8  moving  9  part   10  watch Page W25 Exam practice and review 1  wasn’t written by Roberto Bolano   2  were done in the studio  3  are made in Bollywood  4  was directed by Guillermo del Toro  5  was found very quickly   6  wasn’t bought by the National Art Gallery   7  was composed by André Abujamra   8  were closed 1  a  2 c  3 d  4 d  5 b  6 d 1  3  5  7  9  was created  2 is loved   were killed   4  was drawn   were written   6  wasn’t made   was shown   8  isn’t liked   are shown  10 are played English is spoken in many countries Coffee is not produced in Spain Is the school cleaned every day? When is the recycling sorted? Which book was sold on eBay? Where are these cookies made? Was this song written by Adele? When was Divergent written? 1  didn’t use to play  2  used to go   3  used to walk  4  Did people use to call   5  didn’t use to watch  6  Did people use to travel Did you use to live in Peru? Did you use to have curly hair? Did your parents use to listen to punk rock? 132 Link it TG4.indb 132 Well, I feel really sick How long have you had a sore throat? Can I take a look? Do you have a temperature? You’d better take some antibiotics Take them twice a day for six days What should I if it doesn’t get better? Page W31 Exam practice and review 1  b  2 d  3 a  4 c  5 c  6 b 4 Unit 1  b  2 a  3 d  4 e  5 c 1  wasn’t  2 are included   3  were woken  4 pronounced  5 isn’t 1  b  2 a  3 a  4 b 1  a  2 a  3 c  4 c  5 b Page W23 Doctor  1, 3, 4, 5, 7  Patient  2, 1  ankle  2 neck  3 eyebrows  4 back 1  audience  2 special effects  3 script 4  subtitles  5 soundtrack  6 director 7  scene  8 critic 1  is  2 is  3 aren’t  4 aren’t 5  are  6 isn’t 1  a  2 a  3 c  4 c  5 a  6 a Students’ own answers Page W28 2  mouth  3 chin  4 neck  5 shoulder 6  chest  7 stomach  8 knee 9  ankle  10 foot 1  a  2 c  3 b  4 c  5 c Students’ own answers Unit Page W34 1  f  2 j  3 a  4 e  5 b  6 i  7 c 8  g  9 d  10 h 2 1  elbow  2 toes  3 ears  4 bones 5  cheeks  6 thumbs  7 fingers  8 wrist   9  nails  10  nose Problems deforestation, greenhouse gases, air pollution, fossil fuels, endangered species, climate change Solutions sustainability, recycling, wind power, solar energy, conservation, tree planting 3 1  burned  2 dislocated  3 cut 4  a splinter  5 a blister  6 broke 7  bumped 1  emissions  2 polluted 3  conservation  4 protect  5 education Page W29 1  take part  2 raise awareness  3 sign   4  donate  5 issues  6 raise money 7  campaigns  8 demonstrations another person 1  We sometimes have pizza delivered.  2  I need to get my watch repaired.  3  They had their photo taken with Beyoncé!   4  My sister is going to have a birthday cake made.  5  I haven’t gotten my bike fixed yet.  6  Did you get your hair cut?  7  She’s having her eyes tested 1  Should I tell, should  2  Should I say, shouldn’t  3  Should I have, should 4  Should I get, shouldn’t  5  Should I go, should  6  Should I shave, should Page W35 been present perfect simple present perfect progressive 1  Has Amelie been studying hard?, she hasn’t  2  Have your parents been annoying you?, they have  3  Has the dog been playing in the yard?, it has 4  Has global warming been getting worse?, it has © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04 1  Has it been raining  2 I haven’t been sleeping  3 they’ve been planting 4  hasn’t been making  5 has been raising 1  a  2 b  3 a  4 a  5 b 10 Have you played the violin for ages? How long have you been dating her? How long have you had a cat? Have you ever played against James? 11 1  C  2 NC  3 C  4 C  5 NC 12 1  been standing  2 called 3  been taking care of  4 won  5 seen Page W36 Let’s talk about … 1  a  2 c  3 a  4 b  5 b  6 c 1  Aren’t you worried about global warming?  2  Don’t they understand the issue?  3  Didn’t you hear the news?   4  Weren’t you listening to me?  5  Hasn’t he been on a demonstration? 6  Haven’t you been studying all morning? Page W41 1  must  2 couldn’t can’t, couldn’t   3  have 1  must  2 must  3 couldn’t 4  must  5 might 10 1  which  2 which  3 where   4  whose  5 who 11 painted many self-portraits, died at the age of 47 books are very popular, lives in Scotland Big Little Lies was set, is in California is on the second floor, has big windows / has big windows, is on the second floor Mario Vargas Llosa was born, is an interesting place to visit 12 1  D  2 N  3 D  4 N  5 N 1  a  2 c  3 b  4 a  5 c  6 a 1  have  2 over / during  3 since 4  been  5 of / about  6 wind 1  her mom  2 she got interested in blogging  3 she doesn’t have a lot of time  4 a couple  5 follow her dreams 1  greenest cities  2 1979  3  green space  4 plants  5 cut 6  Two thirds  7 150  8  recycle Students’ own answers Unit Page W40 1  street art  2 ceramics  3 drawing 4  textiles  5 painting  6 architecture 7  sculpture  8 photography 1  wonderful  2 ridiculous  3  inspiring   4  challenging  5 awful  6 shocking 1  c  2 b  3 a 1  C  2 P  3 I  4 C  5 I  6 P 1  speaking  2 opinion  3 ask  4  disagree 1  would  2 was or were 3  improbable or impossible 1  would go, had  2  would travel, visited  3  would have, was / were 4  would swim, had  5  would visit, was / were  6  didn’t have, wouldn’t study Page W47 wouldn’t get bad grades if I studied Ian did (some) exercise, he would be in good shape you travel abroad if you won the lottery Mom liked boats, she would go on them would eat spicy food if they liked chili present 1  wish I had  2 wishes she could 3  wish we didn’t have to  4  wishes he could  5 wish they were  6  with they had   7  wish you weren’t   8  wishes she didn’t go 1  had  2 didn’t play  3 could  4  wasn’t   5  didn’t spend  6 didn’t speak  7 didn’t argue 10 1  couldn’t  2 managed  3 couldn’t 4  couldn’t  5 were  6 wasn’t Page W48 Let’s talk about … 1  so  2 such a  3 such  4 so 5  such  6 so 1  such a  2 so  3 so  4 so 5  such an  6 so Page W43 Exam practice and review 1  b  2 c  3 a  4  d  5 c 1  can’t be Sue   2  must be Kay’s car 3  could be later than that   4  might be expensive 1  b  2 a  3 c  4 c  5 a 1  traffic  2 lunch  3 died 4  villages  5 picnic 1  were  2 should  3 might 4  better  5 can 1  a  2 f  3 c  4 g  5 d  6 b  7 e 1  d  2 b  3 a  4 c Page W49 Exam practice and review 1  going  2 would  3 in  4 book  5 were 1  3  6  8  1974  2 hip hop culture breakdancers  4 trains  5 over 1,200 Tate Modern  7 sculptures   over 300,000 Students’ own answers 1  can’t  2 must  3 might  4  must   5  can’t  6  might 1  b  2 a  3 a  4 d  5 d  6 c 1  on  2 up  3 couldn’t  4 journey  5  down 1  b  2 a  3 c  4 b  5 b Students’ own answers © Copyright Oxford University Press Link it TG4.indb 133 1  simple past  2 subject, subject 1  might have  2 taken  3 must have 4  can’t have  5 f Page W37 Exam practice and review 1  sunbathing on the beach  2 rented skis  3 visiting museums  4 learning about other cultures, going out at night   5  traveled by coach  6 Going backpacking   7  traveled by ferry  8 been on a cruise 1  have been studying the American 2  have you been  3 ridden my bike since  4 haven’t seen Jun for  5 been reading this book since    6  have you had 1  in  2 packed  3 flew  4 visiting 5  buy  6 hotel  7 read Page W42 Let’s talk about … Page W46 1  must have stopped  2 couldn’t have gone  3 might / may have seen 4  couldn’t have left  5 must have closed 1  know, b  2 Don’t, c  3 Haven’t, d   4  persuade, a a  admit  b ought  c see  d point 1  b  2 a  3 a  4 b  5 c Unit 133 07/06/2019 13:04 Audio track list Student Book 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 134 Link it TG4.indb 134 T itle W  elcome unit, page 4, exercise W  elcome unit, page 6, exercise W  elcome unit, page 8, exercise W  elcome unit, page 9, exercise 10 U  nit 1, page 10, exercise U  nit 1, page 11, exercise U  nit 1, Liam’s vlog, page 11, exercises and U  nit 1, page 12, exercise U  nit 1, page 13, exercise U  nit 1, page 14, exercise U  nit 1, page 14, exercise U  nit 1, page 16, exercise U  nit 1, page 17, exercises and U  nit 1, page 17, exercises and U  nit 2, page 20, exercise U  nit 2, page 21, exercise U  nit 2, Mayra’s vlog, page 21, exercises and U  nit 2, page 22, exercise U  nit 2, page 23, exercise U  nit 2, page 24, exercise U  nit 2, page 24, exercise U  nit 2, page 26, exercise U  nit 2, page 26, exercise U  nit 2, page 27, exercises and U  nit 2, page 27, exercises and R  eview A, page 31, exercise R  eview A, page 31, exercise R  eview A, page 31, exercise R  eview A, page 31, exercise C  LIL A, page 32, exercise C  LIL A, page 32, exercise U  nit 3, page 34, exercise U  nit 3, page 35, exercise U  nit 3, Liam’s vlog, page 35, exercises and U  nit 3, page 36, exercise U  nit 3, page 37, exercise U  nit 3, page 37, exercise U  nit 3, page 38, exercise U  nit 3, page 38, exercise U  nit 3, page 40, exercise U  nit 3, page 41, exercises and U  nit 3, page 41, exercises and U  nit 4, page 44, exercise U  nit 4, page 45, exercise U  nit 4, page 45, exercise U  nit 4, Mayra’s vlog, page 45, exercises and 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095  nit 4, page 46, exercise U Unit 4, page 47, exercise 10 Unit 4, page 48, exercise Unit 4, page 48, exercise Unit 4, page 50, exercise Unit 4, page 51, exercise Unit 4, page 51, exercises 3, 4, and Review B, page 55, exercise Review B, page 55, exercise Review B, page 55, exercises 4, 5, and CLIL B, page 56, exercise CLIL B, page 56, exercise CLIL B, page 56, exercise Unit 5, page 58, exercise Unit 5, page 59, exercise Unit 5, Liam’s vlog, page 59, exercises and Unit 5, page 60, exercise Unit 5, page 61, exercise Unit 5, page 61, exercise Unit 5, page 62, exercise Unit 5, page 62, exercise Unit 5, page 64, exercise Unit 5, page 65, exercise Unit 5, page 65, exercises and Unit 6, page 68, exercise Unit 6, Mayra’s vlog, page 69, exercises and Unit 6, page 70, exercise Unit 6, page 70, exercise Unit 6, page 72, exercise Unit 6, page 72, exercise Unit 6, page 74, exercise Unit 6, page 75, exercise Unit 6, page 75, exercises and Review C, page 79, exercise Review C, page 79, exercise Review C, page 79, exercise Review C, page 79, exercises and CLIIL C, page 80, exercise Unit 7, page 82, exercise Unit 7, page 83, exercise Unit 7, Mayra’s vlog, page 83, exercises and Unit 7, page 84, exercise Unit 7, page 86, exercise Unit 7, page 86, exercise Unit 7, page 88, exercise Unit 7, page 89, exercises and Unit 7, page 89, exercises and Unit 8, page 92, exercise 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 U  nit 8, page 93, exercise U  nit 8, page 93, exercise U  nit 8, Liam’s vlog, page 93, exercises and U  nit 8, page 94, exercise U  nit 8, page 96, exercise U  nit 8, page 96, exercise U  nit 8, page 98, exercise U  nit 8, page 99, exercises and U  nit 8, page 99, exercises and R  eview D, page 103, exercise R  eview D, page 103, exercise R  eview D, page 103, exercise R  eview D, page 103, exercise C  LIL D, page 104, exercise C  LIL D, page 104, exercise B  Preliminary (PET) for Schools Practice, page 110, Listening Part 4, exercise B  Preliminary (PET) for Schools Practice, page 112, Listening Part 3, exercise B  Preliminary (PET) for Schools Practice, page 115, Listening Part 1, exercise B  Preliminary (PET) for Schools Practice, page 117, Listening Part 2, exercise C  ulture 1, page 118, exercise C  ulture 2, page 119, exercise C  ulture 3, page 120, exercise C  ulture 4, page 121, exercise Workbook 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 T itle U  nit 1, page W6, exercises and U  nit 1, page W7, exercise U  nit 2, page W12, exercise U  nit 2, page W13, exercise U  nit 3, page W18, exercise U  nit 3, page W19, exercise U  nit 4, page W24, exercise U  nit 4, page W24, exercise U  nit 5, page W25, exercise U  nit 5, page W30, exercise U  nit 6, page W31, exercise U  nit 6, page W36, exercise U  nit 6, page W37, exercise U  nit 7, page W42, exercises and U  nit 7, page W43, exercise U  nit 8, page W48, exercises and U  nit 8, page W49, exercise © Copyright Oxford University Press 07/06/2019 13:04