An investigation into teachers application of task based approach in teaching english writing skill for the first year efl students at hue university college of foreign languages

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES VO THI THANH TAM INTEGRATING SHORT STORIES INTO TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO THE THIRD YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS AT HUE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING HUE, 2013 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES VO THI THANH TAM INTEGRATING SHORT STORIES INTO TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO THE THIRD YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS AT HUE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CODE: 60140111 SUPERVISOR: Assoc Prof Dr LUU QUY KHUONG HUE 2013 i BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ VÕ THỊ THANH TÂM KẾT HỢP NHỮNG CÂU CHUYỆN NGẮN VÀO DẠY KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU CHO SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ BA TẠI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ, ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LÝ LUẬN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC BỘ MÔN TIẾNG ANH MÃ SỐ: 60140111 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS LƯU QUÝ KHƯƠNG HUẾ, 2013 ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby acknowledge that the information reported in this paper is the result of my own work, except where due reference is made The data and findings are true and with permission from associates The thesis has not been submitted for any other degree or diploma or appeared in any other media Author Vo Thi Thanh Tam iii ABSTRACT This study examined the effectiveness of integrating short stories into teaching reading comprehension to the third year English majors at Hue University, College of Foreign Languages It also addressed the issues of perceptions of students and teachers about integrating short stories into teaching reading comprehension The data collection tools consisted of questionnaire and interview Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to the data analysis, processed with SPSS software The results from quantitative and qualitative data indicated that the third year English majors agreed with the advantages of using short stories in learning reading comprehension More importantly, how English teachers use this method to improve their teaching quality Thanks to interview, some advantage and disadvantage factors in integrating short stories were found out These English teachers also gave their ideas to solve the difficulties when using short stories in teaching reading comprehension Based on the findings of the study, suggestions were made to help students as well as teachers to integrate short stories into teaching and learning reading comprehension in more effective ways iv First and foremost, I am greatly indebted to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Luu Quy Khuong for his warm support and excellent insights throughout the current study He has spent a great deal of his valuable time correcting and giving comments to my work Without his experienced guidance, this research would not have been done with a correct direction Second, my great thankfulness goes to Ms Nguyen Thi Lai, MA and the whole thirdyear students in two reading classes They helped me finish questionnaire to find out the data Also, I would like to express my sincere thanks to Superior Buddhist Monk Thich Chon Te who gave me a lot of useful encouragements to support my spirit Moreover, I would like to thank English teachers in Hue College of Foreign Languages who took part in my questionnaire and interviews Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my parents, my younger sister, my friends who are always by my side, give me spiritual support and most importantly, more inspirations to finish the thesis after a lot of difficulties v v TABLE OF CONTENTS SUB COVER PAGE i SUB COVER PAGE ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP iii ABSTRACT .iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LISTS OF CHARTS ix LISTS OF TABLES x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.1.1 Background of the Research .1 1.1.2 Reasons for Doing the Research 1.2 Scope of the Research .4 1.3 Significance of the Study 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Structure of the Research CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous Studies Related to the Research 2.2 Reading and Its Importance 2.2.1 What is ―Reading‖? 2.2.2 The Importance of Reading 2.2.3 Definition of Reading Comprehension 2.2.4 The Levels of Reading Comprehension 10 2.2.5 Stages of a Reading Lesson 10 2.2.6 Teaching Reading .14 2.3 Literature 14 2.3.1 Definition of Literature and Its‘ Importance 14 2.3.2 The Reader and the Text 16 2.3.3 Value of Short Stories 17 vi 2.3.3.1 Concept of Short Stories 17 2.3.3.2 The Benefits of Using Short Stories in Teaching Reading 18 2.3.3.3 The Teacher‘s Role in Teaching Reading Skills through Short Stories 20 2.4 Summary 20 CHAPTER RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Introduction .21 3.2 Research Approach 21 3.3 Participants 21 3.3.1 Participants in the Questionnaire 21 3.3.2 Interviewed Participants 22 3.4.Research Instruments .22 3.4.1 Questionnaires 22 3.4.2 Interviews 23 3.3 Data Collection Procedure 23 3.4 Data Analysis 24 CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 25 4.1 Introduction .25 4.2 Results from the Questionnaires .25 4.2.1 Students‘ Questionnaires 25 4.2.1.1 Students‘ Overview towards Short Stories 26 4.2.1.2 Selection of Students toward the Short Stories Genres in Teaching Reading Skills 29 4.2.1.3 The Advantages of Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Skills 31 4.2.1.4 Advantage in Social Knowledge 33 4.2.1.5 Student‘s Difficulties in Using Short Stories into Teaching Reading Skills 35 4.2.1.6 Students‘ Attitude towards Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Skills 36 4.2.2 Teacher‘s Questionnaires 37 vii 4.2.2.1 Teacher‘s Attitude towards Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension 38 4.2.2.2 The Teachers‘ Idea about Advantages of Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension 39 4.2.2.3 The Teachers‘ Idea about Difficulties of Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension 41 4.3 Interviews 43 4.4 Summary 45 CHAPTER CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 47 5.1 Summary of the Key Findings 47 5.1.1 The Reality of Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension to the Third Year English Majors at HUCFL 47 5.1.2 Students‘ Attitudes towards Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension 47 5.1.3 Teachers‘ Attitudes towards Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension 48 5.2 Contributions of the Study 49 5.3 Implications of the Study 49 5.3.1 For Teachers .49 5.3.2 For Students 51 5.4 Limitations of the Study 52 5.5 Suggestions for Further Research 52 REFERENCES 54 APPENDIX Appendix Questionnaire On Teachers’ Perceptions And Integration Short Stories In Teaching Reading Skills Appendix Teacher Interview Questions Appendix Questionnaires For Students Appendix Some Model Short Stories Appendix Reliability Of Questionnaire viii LISTS OF CHARTS Chart 4.1 Students‘ Preference towards Certain Genres of Literature Chart 4.2 The Students‘ Interest about Short Stories Chart 4.3 Selection of Students towards the Short Story Genres in Teaching Reading Chart 4.4 The Mean Scores of Advantages of Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension Chart 4.5 Short Stories Give Student Chances for Enriching Cultural Knowledge Chart 4.6 Short Stories can Improve Learning Environment Chart 4.7 Students‘ Difficulties in Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension Chart 4.8 Students‘ Attitude towards Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension Chart 4.9 Teachers have ever Integrated Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension Chart 4.10 The Mean Score of Teachers‘ Idea about Advantages of Integrating Short Stories into Teaching Reading Comprehension ix possess her more strongly as one by one the ties that bound her to friendship and to earth were loosed The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows and pattered down from the low Dutch eaves When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised The ivy leaf was still there Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove "I've been a bad girl, Sudie," said Johnsy "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was It is a sin to want to die You may bring me a little broth now, and some milk with a little port in it, and - no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook." And hour later she said: "Sudie, someday I hope to paint the Bay of Naples." The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left "Even chances," said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his "With good nursing you'll win." And now I must see another case I have downstairs Behrman, his name is - some kind of an artist, I believe Pneumonia, too He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital to-day to be made more comfortable." The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger You won Nutrition and care now - that's all." And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woollen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all "I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said "Mr Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital He was ill only two days The janitor found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and - look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece - he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell." III “ A Rose for Emily” – William Faulkner When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant a combined gardener and cook had seen in at least ten years It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron-remitted her taxes, the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily's father had loaned money to the town, which the town, as a matter of business, preferred this way of repaying Only a man of Colonel Sartoris' generation and thought could have invented it, and only a woman could have believed it When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction On the first of the year they mailed her a tax notice February came, and there was no reply They wrote her a formal letter, asking her to call at the sheriff's office at her convenience A week later the mayor wrote her himself, offering to call or to send his car for her, and received in reply a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink, to the effect that she no longer went out at all The tax notice was also enclosed, without comment They called a special meeting of the Board of Aldermen A deputation waited upon her, knocked at the door through which no visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow It smelled of dust and disuse a close, dank smell The Negro led them into the parlor It was furnished in heavy, leather-covered furniture When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked; and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily's father They rose when she entered a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand She did not ask them to sit She just stood in the door and listened quietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt Then they could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain Her voice was dry and cold "I have no taxes in Jefferson Colonel Sartoris explained it to me Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves." "But we have We are the city authorities, Miss Emily Didn't you get a notice from the sheriff, signed by him?" "I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff I have no taxes in Jefferson." "But there is nothing on the books to show that, you see "See Colonel Sartoris I have no taxes in Jefferson." "But, Miss Emily " "See Colonel Sartoris." (Colonel Sartoris had been dead almost ten years.) "I have no taxes in Jefferson Tobe!" The Negro appeared "Show these gentlemen out." So she vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell That was two years after her father's death and a short time after her sweetheart the one we believed would marry her had deserted her After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all A few of the ladies had the temerity to call, but were not received, and the only sign of life about the place was the Negro man a young man then-going in and out with a market basket "Just as if a man any man could keep a kitchen properly, "the ladies said; so they were not surprised when the smell developed It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons A neighbor, a woman, complained to the mayor, Judge Stevens, eighty years old "But what will you have me about it, madam?" he said "Why, send her word to stop it," the woman said "Isn't there a law? " "I'm sure that won't be necessary," Judge Stevens said "It's probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard I'll speak to him about it." The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation "We really must something about it, Judge I'd be the last one in the world to bother Miss Emily, but we've got to something." That night the Board of Aldermen met three graybeards and one younger man, a member of the rising generation "It's simple enough," he said "Send her word to have her place cleaned up Give her a certain time to it in, and if she don't " "Dammit, sir," Judge Stevens said, "will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?" So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily's lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder They broke open the cellar door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the outbuildings As they recrossed the lawn, a window that had been dark was lighted and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her, and her upright torso motionless as that of an idol They crept quietly across the lawn and into the shadow of the locusts that lined the street After a week or two the smell went away That was when people had begun to feel really sorry for her People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such We had long thought of them as a tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door So when she got to be thirty and was still single, we were not pleased exactly, but vindicated; even with insanity in the family she wouldn't have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized When her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her; and in a way, people were glad At last they could pity Miss Emily Being left alone, and a pauper, she had become humanized Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less The day after his death all the ladies prepared to call at the house and offer condolence and aid, as is our custom Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face She told them that her father was not dead She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried her father quickly We did not say she was crazy then We believed she had to that We remembered all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will She was sick for a long time When we saw her again, her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl, with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows sort of tragic and serene The town had just let the contracts for paving the sidewalks, and in the summer after her father's death they began the work The construction company came with riggers and mules and machinery, and a foreman named Homer Barron, a Yankee a big, dark, ready man, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face The little boys would follow in groups to hear him cuss the riggers, and the riggers singing in time to the rise and fall of picks Pretty soon he knew everybody in town Whenever you heard a lot of laughing anywhere about the square, Homer Barron would be in the center of the group Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery stable At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an interest, because the ladies all said, "Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer." But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige Without calling it noblesse oblige They just said, "Poor Emily Her kinsfolk should come to her." She had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman, and there was no communication between the two families They had not even been represented at the funeral And as soon as the old people said, "Poor Emily," the whispering began "Do you suppose it's really so?" they said to one another "Of course it is What else could " This behind their hands; rustling of craned silk and satin behind jalousies closed upon the sun of Sunday afternoon as the thin, swift clop-clop-clop of the matched team passed: "Poor Emily." She carried her head high enough even when we believed that she was fallen It was as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity as the last Grierson; as if it had wanted that touch of earthiness to reaffirm her imperviousness Like when she bought the rat poison, the arsenic That was over a year after they had begun to say "Poor Emily," and while the two female cousins were visiting her "I want some poison," she said to the druggist She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eyesockets as you imagine a lighthouse-keeper's face ought to look "I want some poison," she said "Yes, Miss Emily What kind? For rats and such? I'd recom " "I want the best you have I don't care what kind." The druggist named several "They'll kill anything up to an elephant But what you want is " "Arsenic," Miss Emily said "Is that a good one?" "Is arsenic? Yes, ma'am But what you want " "I want arsenic." The druggist looked down at her She looked back at him, erect, her face like a strained flag "Why, of course," the druggist said "If that's what you want But the law requires you to tell what you are going to use it for." Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up The Negro delivery boy brought her the package; the druggist didn't come back When she opened the package at home there was written on the box, under the skull and bones: "For rats." So the next day we all said, "She will kill herself"; and we said it would be the best thing When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, "She will marry him." Then we said, "She will persuade him yet," because Homer himself had remarked he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks' Club that he was not a marrying man Later we said, "Poor Emily" behind the jalousies as they passed on Sunday afternoon in the glittering buggy, Miss Emily with her head high and Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove Then some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people The men did not want to interfere, but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister Miss Emily's people were Episcopal to call upon her He would never divulge what happened during that interview, but he refused to go back again The next Sunday they again drove about the streets, and the following day the minister's wife wrote to Miss Emily's relations in Alabama So she had blood-kin under her roof again and we sat back to watch developments At first nothing happened Then we were sure that they were to be married We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jeweler's and ordered a man's toilet set in silver, with the letters H B on each piece Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of men's clothing, including a nightshirt, and we said, "They are married." We were really glad We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been So we were not surprised when Homer Barron the streets had been finished some time since was gone We were a little disappointed that there was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emily's coming, or to give her a chance to get rid of the cousins (By that time it was a cabal, and we were all Miss Emily's allies to help circumvent the cousins.) Sure enough, after another week they departed And, as we had expected all along, within three days Homer Barron was back in town A neighbor saw the Negro man admit him at the kitchen door at dusk one evening And that was the last we saw of Homer Barron And of Miss Emily for some time The Negro man went in and out with the market basket, but the front door remained closed Now and then we would see her at a window for a moment, as the men did that night when they sprinkled the lime, but for almost six months she did not appear on the streets Then we knew that this was to be expected too; as if that quality of her father which had thwarted her woman's life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to die When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man From that time on her front door remained closed, save for a period of six or seven years, when she was about forty, during which she gave lessons in chinapainting She fitted up a studio in one of the downstairs rooms, where the daughters and granddaughters of Colonel Sartoris' contemporaries were sent to her with the same regularity and in the same spirit that they were sent to church on Sundays with a twenty-five-cent piece for the collection plate Meanwhile her taxes had been remitted Then the newer generation became the backbone and the spirit of the town, and the painting pupils grew up and fell away and did not send their children to her with boxes of color and tedious brushes and pictures cut from the ladies' magazines The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it She would not listen to them Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket Each December we sent her a tax notice, which would be returned by the post office a week later, unclaimed Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which Thus she passed from generation to generation dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse And so she died Fell ill in the house filled with dust and shadows, with only a doddering Negro man to wait on her We did not even know she was sick; we had long since given up trying to get any information from the Negro He talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse She died in one of the downstairs rooms, in a heavy walnut bed with a curtain, her gray head propped on a pillow yellow and moldy with age and lack of sunlight The Negro met the first of the ladies at the front door and let them in, with their hushed, sibilant voices and their quick, curious glances, and then he disappeared He walked right through the house and out the back and was not seen again The two female cousins came at once They held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers, with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men some in their brushed Confederate uniforms on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing that they had danced with her and courted her perhaps, confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottle-neck of the most recent decade of years Already we knew that there was one room in that region above stairs which no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced They waited until Miss Emily was decently in the ground before they opened it The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man's toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust Upon a chair the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks The man himself lay in the bed For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair Appendix RELIABILITY OF QUESTIONNAIRE Students’ Questionnaire Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 780 18 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted like reading st using st teach reading is good way iam interested learning reading through st st help familiar writing style st give chances to enrich culture st improve vocabulary st improve english skills my analyzing skill is improved through st i can get to the bottom of the st st can improve atmosphere i can skim for idoms and express in the full sentences st help learn word easier after reading st, my reading speed is improved i can answer comprehension questions i hope that iam always taught reading through st genres of literature you like aspects cause difficulties topics which you like Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted 34.99 43.121 385 768 35.04 42.524 434 765 34.85 42.775 467 764 35.11 44.523 277 775 35.22 45.123 215 778 35.24 34.96 44.002 43.312 373 418 770 767 34.76 42.629 426 765 33.64 37.122 626 744 34.72 41.335 456 762 33.59 38.386 496 758 34.93 43.965 305 773 34.90 43.626 410 768 34.71 41.925 514 760 34.77 38.967 643 746 34.97 46.272 045 790 34.94 34.94 45.491 44.946 077 068 792 799 Descriptive Statistics N like reading st Minimum Maximum Mean Std Deviation 100 1.85 730 100 1.80 752 100 1.99 674 100 1.73 649 100 1.62 632 st improve vocabulary 100 1.60 603 st improve english skills 100 1.88 656 100 2.08 748 100 3.20 1.163 100 2.12 891 100 3.25 1.218 100 1.91 712 100 1.94 617 100 2.13 734 100 2.07 935 100 1.87 774 aspects cause difficulties 100 1.90 937 topics which you like 100 1.90 1.159 Valid N (listwise) 100 using st teach reading is good way iam interested learning reading through st st help familiar writing style st give chances to enrich culture my analyzing skill is improved through st i can get to the bottom of the st st can improve atmosphere i can skim for idoms and express in the full sentences st help learn word easier after reading st, my reading speed is improved i can answer comprehension questions i hope that iam always taught reading through st genres of literature you like Teachers’ Questionnaire Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 709 13 Item Statistics Mean ever using ST in teaching reading reason you integrate short stories difficulties when integrate short stories ST integrate successfully in your reading class student interesting in using ST to teach reading disadvantage of integrating short stories reading ST is my hobby create many useful activities in reading class Std Deviation N 40 548 60 894 60 894 40 548 40 548 80 837 3.40 1.342 3.00 1.871 2.80 1.643 3.00 1.414 2.40 1.673 2.80 1.643 3.00 1.581 ST provide a relax atmosphere to promote target language using ST in teaching reading class is good method ST improve culture knowledge ST help teacher comfortable and interesting use ST in teaching reading frequently Descriptive Statistics N ever using ST in teaching reading reason you integrate short stories difficulties when integrate short stories ST integrate successfully in your reading class student interesting in using ST to teach reading disadvantage of integrating short stories reading ST is my hobby create many useful activities in reading class Minimum Maximum Mean Std Deviation 40 548 60 894 60 894 40 548 40 548 80 837 5 3.40 1.342 5 3.00 1.871 5 2.80 1.643 3.00 1.414 5 2.40 1.673 2.80 1.643 5 3.00 1.581 ST provide a relax atmosphere to promote target language using ST in teaching reading class is good method ST improve culture knowledge ST help teacher comfortable and interesting use ST in teaching reading frequently Valid N (listwise)