Kỹ thuật số lý thuyết và ứng dụng phần 1

i C H U B IE N : PTS D K IM B A N G / A / LY THUYET & UNG DUNG r \ / i 1010101010101010100101010101 01 O lo I M N H A m J A T \ B A N LA O D O N G / X A w H r " — M ' PTS DO KIM BANG Bien soan k y m Z7 nr g f m s o □ mJ Ky □ B< i i: ys; i iiA i K’j fljS M 1EUKG TAM HQC U f NHA XUAT BAN LAO DONG - XA HOI ■ HA NOI - 2004 ■ -1 m LQ1 H B & I Ngay nay, ky thuat digital dUOc ap dung rong rai nhieu ITnh virc Cac mach digital dude dira vao sirdung hang loat cac san pham dien tif, nhi/ cac thiet bi vien thong, may ti'nh, ti_r dong hoa, cac choi co mach dien tCr, cac he thong nghe nhin, gia dung, dung cu luting, dung cu y te va quan sir, cac tur dien dien tCr_ Sach Ky thuat digital - ly thuyet va Crng dung gidi thieu nhCrng kien thud co ban ve ky thuat digital va mot so irng dung doi song Be tiep thu cac kien thud de cap cuon sach nay, ban doc can co nhCrng kien thud thong ve toan va ve mach dien tir Ky thuat digital dude nghien ciru trutic hoac nghien cuti song song v i mon hoc dien tir co ban vi cac kien thud ve linh kien ti'ch cifc rdi rac khong phai la dieu kien doi hoi trutic het Co the noi, cuon sach la ngirdi ban dong hanh cua cac ban ham thich dien ti!r digital, cua cac cong nhan nganh dien tu” - vien thong va may ti'nh cGng nhif cua cac cong nhan lanh nghe thuoc cac ITnh vu t co lien quan den cac mach dien tu1digital Cuon sach dirpc xem nhir la tai lieu tham khao hCru dung vi ti'nh thut dung va de hieu cua no doi vdi cac sinh vien cao dang va dai hoc nganh dien tCr vien thong va may ti'nh Sach Ky thuat digital - ly thuyet va u"ng dung co 11 chirong Chi/ong khai quat ve cac he thong so nhi phan, bat phan va thap luc phan, moi lien quan giCra cac he thong vdi he thong so thap phan, chi/Ong cGng gidi thieu tong quan cac ma diroc sCr dung ITnh vi/c vien thong va may tfnh Chutfng gidi thieu ve dai so logic, phan tich va tong hop mach logic, cac djnh ly De Morgan, cac phifOng phap toi gian mach bang bang Karnaugh, bang cac dinh ly va dinh luat cua dai so logic Chi/dng gidi thieu cac mach xir ly so lieu, de cap den cac bo ghep kenh, phan kenh, cac bo giai ma, ma hoa, bo tao va kiem tra bit chan le Noi dung Chi/ong noi ve phep cong, phep trif so hoc, cac phep bu 1, bu va cac bo niTa cong va cong day du, de tirdo, ta hieu di/Oc can ke cac bo cong va bo trir ChiTOng gidi thieu cac ho IC TTL va CMOS, noi dung de cap phan giup ta co cac kien th u t co ban de sCr dung co hieu qua va phoi ket hop di/oc cac ho IC TTL va CMOS cac mach digital Noi dung cac Chuting , ChiTOng va ChGOng di/oc u'ng dung nhieu cac mach dien tu1 digital thong thuting ChifOng gidi thieu cac loai flip flop RS, RS dong bo tTnh, flip flop D, flip flop JK va flip flop JK Master-Slave; ngoai ra, gidi thieu trigo Schmitt, loai trigo co dac ti'nh quan trong, dude su' dung de tao nen cac xung nhip; Chudng cung gidi thieu cac loai mach dao dong, mach tao xung nhip Noi dung ChUdng thirc chat la cac u’ng dung dac ti'nh cua cac flip flop diroc ti'ch hap cac IC de thirc hien cac phep di chuyen so lieu Trong chirong , noi dung diroc de cap la cac loai bo dem va cac Mod dem; tir chirong nay, ta thay diroc cac cau true va cac iru nhiroc diem cua cac loai bo dem Chirong 9, bo nho ban dan va chirong 10, chuyen doi A/D va chuyen doi D/A, hai chirong gidi thieu ve nhCrng nguyen ly cau tao co ban va cac dac ti'nh cua cac bo nho ban dan, cac bo chuyen doi A/D va chuyen doi D/A, giup ta co the Crng dung cac bo kien cac mach dien tir digital Chirong 11 dira mot so mach Crng dung ky thuat digital, nhir dung cu dem tan, do rong xung va dong ho digital Co the xem chirong 11 nhir la mot so bai tap Ion, Crng dung ky thuat digital, tir do, ta co the van dung ky thuat digital vao cac Crng dung khac doi song hang Voi dung y cuon sach Ky thuat digital - ly thuyet va Crng dung diroc viet de cap rong rai kien thCrc ve digital, voi cach trinh bay de hieu, co nhieu vi du, nhieu bai tap va loi giai Tac gia rat mong cuon sach diroc dong dao cac cong nhan lanh nghe cung nhir cac sinh vien cao d in g va dai hoc nganh dien tir - vien thong va may ti'nh, cac ban yeu thi'ch ky thuat dien tir digital rut diroc nhCrng dieu bo ich tu” cuon sach Trong qua trinh bien soan va in an, cuon sach khong the tranh khoi nhCrng thieu sot Chung toi rat mong ban doc thong cam va gop y xay diing, de Ian tai ban, cuon sach diroc hoan thien hon Chung toi xin gCri toi Ban Bien tap Nha Xuat ban Lao dong - Xa hoi loi cam on chan ve sir giup qui bau cua Qui Ban, de cuon sach s m dGOc m§t ban doc DO KIM BANG CHUONG HE THONG SO VA M A ■ Hoc xong chuang nay, hoc vien co kha nang: □ Hieu dwoc cac he dem thap phan, nhi phan, bat phan va thap luc phan □ Chuyen doi d'uoc cac so tit he thap phan sang cac he nhi phan, bat phan va thap luc phan va ngwoc lai □ Tinh d'L/oc cac gia tri cua cac so phan nguyen va phan phan tit cac he nhi phan, bat phan va thap luc phan sang cac so tuong ditong cua he thap phan va ngitdc lai □ Hieu diroc cac cau true mot so ma thong thudng dung ky thuat digital TONG QUAN Khi noi den so dem, moi ngirdi deu nghT den he thap phan v i 10 so: 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, , 7, , May vi tinh hien dai khong xir ly so thap phan Thay vao la he thong so nhi phan sir dung so: va Nhi/ng sir dung so nhi phan, muon the hien mot so thap phan co tri so tirong doi Ion bang so nhi phan thi so nhi phan kha dai Do do, ngirdi ta thirdng sir dung cac so bat phan va thap luc phan de rut ngan chuoi so nhi phan Chirong trinh bay cac he nhi phan, bat phan va thap luc phan v i muc di'ch khong chi dem diroc cac so theo cac he dem tren day ma nghien ciru each chuyen doi tir he dem thap phan sang cac he dem nhi phan, bat phan va thap luc phan va ngiroc lai Chu’Ong cung de cap den cac ma nhi phan thirdng diroc su' dung cac he thong digital 1.1 SO NHj PHAN Cac may vi ti'nh va cac he thong digital deu dira tren co so hoat dong nhi phan (2 trang thai) Vi du, khoa chuyen mach Hinh 1.1a co the diroc dong lai hoac mo Do do, khoa chuyen mach la mot vi du ve thiet bi nhi phan don gian nhat Tranzito cac mach dien tir dung cac he thong va cac may tinh digital diroc thiet ke de hoat dong tirong hop v i he thong nhi phan, la hien tirong ngirng dan hoac dan bao hoa cua tranzito Ket qua la ngo cua mach tranzito co mot hai trang thai mire dien ap cao hoac mire dien ap thap Khi quan sat tin hieu digital tren may hien song thay dien ap hoac m ut thap hoac mire cao Cac tin hieu digital thay doi mire dien ap may vi ti'nh hoat dong, cac dien ap xuat hien nhir la cac xung (Hinh1.1b) 5V 5V +v o n c) Cap nguon b) Nhan nguon Hinh 5.27 - Cap dong, nhan dong Khi ngo cua dieu khien CMOS tieu chuan d mu’c L, dong ngo vao den tai CMOS chi bang pA Dong vao nho vi cac cong bi cach dien Dieu co nghTa la CMOS dieu khien co nhan dong chi bang pA Tuong tu, ngo cua dieu khien d mu’c H (Hinh 5.27c), CMOS dieu khien co dong nguon pA Nhu vay, trudng hop xau nhat (dieu kien nhiet va dieu kien cung cap) cac dong ngo vao cua IC CMOS la: l||_ Max “ '1 l-*A •|H Max “ + p A Ta sir dung cac so lieu de ti'nh he so tai - He so tai He so tai cua CMOS phu thuoc vao loai tai dupe dieu khien IC CMOS dieu khien tai TTL se dupe nghien ciru phan sau day, ta nghien cuU IC CMOS dieu khien IC CMOS khac So lieu ky thuat cua IC 74CXX cho biet cac dong ngo doi vdi CMOS dieu khien CMOS la: • o L Max “ • O H Max = -1 l-* A p A Do do, IC CMOS CO the dieu khien 10 tai CMOS Nhu vay, ta c d the dung 10 tai de ket noi CMOs v d i CMOS He so dang tin cay moi dieu kien hoat dong 146 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 5.11 GIAO DIEN CUA TTL VA CMOS Tu1giao dien day bao ham y chi each thirc ket noi IC dieu khien vdi IC tai muc nay, ta nghien ciru cac phuong phap giao dien IC CMOS vdi IC TTL Can nhac lai la IC TTL can dien ap cung cap la +5V, IC CMOS co the dung dien ap cung cap tir +3V den +15V Vi cac yeu cau ve nguon cung cap khac nen ta can sir dung mot vai so Sau day la mot so so kha bien - Nguon cung cap +5V Mot loai giao dien dung chung nguon +5V cho ca dieu khien TTL va tai CMOS Trong trirdng hop nay, cac dien ap cua IC TTL hau nhu deu tirong hop dirpc vdi cac dien ap vao cua IC CMOS (Hinh 5.28b), hau nhu” chu” khong phai hoan toan Dung la khong co van de gi xay IC TTL co cira so trang thai L (OV den +0.4V), vi no lot vao cira so trang thai L cua CMOS (OV den +1,5V) Dieu co nghTa la tai CMOS luon luon thi'ch nghi vdi dieu khien TTL trang thai L 5V 5V CMOS mu'c H TTL mi'sc H 5,5V Khong xac dinh 2,4V 1,5 V Khong xac dinh 0,4V OV TTL mu’c L OV a) M a t c a t ngo cua TTL CMOS mu'c L b) M a t c a t ngo vao cua CMOS Hinh 5.28 Van de sinh TTL trang thai H, vi mu’c Hmln = +2,4V (Hinh 5.28a) Neu dung ngo TTL trang thai H nhu ngo vao doi vdi IC CMOS, ta se nhan dupe hoat dong khong xac dinh IC CMOS can it nhat la +3,5V cho ngo vao trang thai H (Hinh 5.28b) Vi ta khong the nhan dupe hoat dong tin cay noi true tiep ngo TTL den ngo vao CMOS Ta phai thuc hien mach bo sung de tuong hop hai loai IC khac Giai phap tieu chuan la dung dien trd keo len giua dieu khien TTL va tai CMOS, nhu tren Hinh 5.29 Dien trd keo len hau nhu khong phat huy anh hudng trang thai thap, nhung no keo trang thai H len xap xi +5V Vi du, ngo TTL d mu’c L, phi'a dudi dien trd 3,3kO dupe tiep dat Do do, nhan ddng cua dieu khien TTL khoang chirng: 5V I = = 1,52 mA 3,3k^ 147 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Khi ngo cua TTL mu’c H, dien ap ngo dupe keo ten den +5V Nhu tren da noi, tranzito totem pole phi'a tren keo len den +2,4V (trudng hop xau nhat) Vi co dien tro keo len, ngo tang len den tren +2,4V, no lam cho tranzito totem pole phi'a tren ngung dan Hoat dong keo len bay gid lai la thu dong vi dien ap cung cap dang keo dien ap ngo len den +5V qua dien tra keo len + 5V Hinh 5.29: Oieu khien TTL va tai CMOS Dien dung a cong cua tai CMOS duoc nap qua dien tra keo len Dien tra keo len nho nhat duoc xac dinh bang nhan dong cuc dai cua IC TTL: lOL Max = 16mA Trong trudng hap xau nhat, dien ap cung cap co the len den +5,25V, nen dien tra keo len nho nhat bang: 5,25V R m in = = 328 Q 16 mA Gia tri tieu chuan gan nhat la 330 Q nhieu Crng dung, dien tra keo len bang 3,3 kQ cho mach hoat dong tot Ta co the dung cac cong giao dien v6i mot so ngo vao Neu co nhieu ngo TTL dieu khien cac ngo vao CMOS, ta noi moi TTL dieu khien den mot dien tro keo len - Cac dien ap cung cap khac Dien ap cung cap dung cho IC CMOS thi'ch hop nhat la tCr +9V den +12V Mot cach dung de dien ap cung cap Idn la sCr dung IC TTL ho mach Colecto nhu chi tren Hinh 5.30, vi tang cua IC TTL ho mach Colecto chi gom tranzito nhan dong vdi Colecto tha noi Hinh 5.30, Colecto mach duoc noi vdi nguon cung cap +12V qua dien tro keo len 6,8kQ Cung nhu vay, IC CMOS duoc cung cap nguon +12V Khi IC TTL co ngo mCrc L, ta thay dau phi'a dudi cCia dien tro 6,8k£2 duoc tiep dat Do do, IC TTL co nhan dong bang: 12V 'nhan dong — — ,7 fT lA 6,8kQ Khi IC TTL co ngo a mu’c H, ngo ho mach Colecto tang len mot cach thu dong den +12V Trong trudng hap nao thi cac ngo cua IC TTL cung deu tuong hap vdi cac trang thai a ngo vao cua CMOS Trong Hinh 5.30, cac dien trd keo len thu dong lam cho thai gian chuyen mach cham hon so vdi cac mach TTL 148 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an dieu khien tai TTL Vi du, vdi dien dung ngo vao cuc cong la 10pF, hang so thdi gian la: Rc = (6,8kQ) (10pF) = 68 ns + 12V Hinh 5.30: Dieu khien TTL ho mach Colecto co the dung dien ap cung cap cua CMOS Neu hang so thdi gian qua Idn, ta co the giam tri so cua dien trd keo len den gia tri c u t tieu cho phep la: 12V = Rn 750Q 16mA Luc hang so thdi gian giam xuong con: Rc = (750Q)(10pF) = 7,5ns - Dung tranzito ngoai Hinh 5.31 la mach dung tranzito ngoai de thuc hien giao dien giCra dieu khien TTL va tai CMOS d day TTL tieu chuan dung nguon cung cap +5V Dieu khien TTL noi vdi TTL ngoai cd dien trd keo len la 470Q ITu diem cua cach la nhan ddng khong bi han che d 16mA Vi du, 2N3904 d in bao hoa, dau dudi cua dien trd 470Q gan nhu tiep dat Do nhan dong bang: ■nhan dong 12V -479£2 = 25,5 ns 12V Hinh 5.31: Mot cach de tang nhan dong 149 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Bo phan ap giCra ngo TTL va cuc Bado cua ranzito lam tang mu’c chong nhieu len xap xi +1,4V vi no can lay +0.7V de lam tranzito chuyen trang thai Tu 68 pF la tu tang toe, no thudng duoc dung de tang toe nap cho dien dung cuc cong Ly ta can nhan dong Idn chinh la de dieu khien nhieu tai CMOS cung mot luc Vi du, Colecto cua 2N3904 dieu khien cong CMOS Neu moi cong CMOS co dien dung 10 pF thi dien dung ngo vao tong cong la 80 pF Neu dien tro keo len la 470£2 thi hang so thdi gian la: Rc = (470 Q) (80 pF) = 37,6ns Hang so thdi gian tudng doi nho la ket qua cua dien trd keo len lay gia tri 470Q - Bo chuyen mure nguon dung CMOS Hinh 5.32 la bo chuyen mu’c CMOS 40109 Tang ngo vao cua IC dung dien ap cung cap +5V tang ngo dung +12V Noi cach khac, tang ngd vao giao dien vdi IC TTL va tang ngo giao dien vdi CMOS Trong Hinh 5.32, IC TTL tieu chuan dieu khien bo chuyen mu’c nguon, no keo IC TTL len it nhat la +2,4V Dien trd keo len tiep tuc dua dien ap len cao den mu’c +5V, mu’c dam bao chac chan ngo vao d mu’c H Phi'a ngd cua bo chuyen mire nguon noi vdi 12V, no cd thdi gian t r i truyen dan va kha nang chong nhieu tot hdn Hinh 5.32: Bo chuyen mu’c CMOS cho phep sir dung hai loai nguon +5V va +12V Tom lai, IC TTL hoat dong vdi nguon +5V, IC CMOS lam viec vdi nguon +12V Do la ly dung bo chuyen mu’c nguon lam giao dien giua dieu khien TTL va tai CMOS 5.12 GIAO DIEN CUA CMOS VA TTL phan ta nghien cuu cac phuong phap giao dien cac IC CMOS vdi cac IC TTL Van de la chuyen mu’c dien ap cho tdi trang thai ngo cua CMOS lot vao cira so ngo vao cua TTL Ta phai bao dam c h ic chan ngd d trang thai L cua CMOS luon luon nho hdn 0.8V la dien ap ngd vao Idn nhat d trang thai L cua TTL Dien ap ngd d trang thai H cua CMOS phai luon luon Idn hdn 2V la dien ap ngo vao nho nhat trang thai H cua TTL 150 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an - Dien ap cung cap +5V Hinh 5.33 la mach cung cap +5V cho dieu khien va tai Theo so lieu ky thu^t cua IC 74CXX cho biet, trirdng hop xau nhat, dong ngo cua CMOS dieu khien TTL la: = Ir 'O L Max •o h Max ~ 360 fiA " fiA Oieu co nghTa la dieu khien CMOS co the cho nhan dong la 360 fiA trang thai L, la dong vao doi vdi IC TTL loai Schottky-cong suat thap Mat khac, dieu khien CMOS co the cho ddng nguon 360 |xA, no Idn hon mu’c can thiet de dieu khien ddng vao trang thai H Nhir vay, nhan ddng chi cho he so tai CMOS/74LS la IC CMOS cung cd the dieu khien IC TTL loai cong suat thap Yeu to gidi han he so' tai cung la nhan ddng Trong trirdng hop xau nhat, IC TTL cong suat thap cd ddng ngd vao bang 180 |xA Vi dieu khien CMOS cd the cho nhan ddng la 360 ^A, no cd the dieu khien IC TTL cong suat thap Tom lai, he so tai cua CMOS/74L la IC CMOS khong the dieu khien true tiep IC TTL tieu chuan, vi ddng ngd vao trang thai L yeu cau la -1,6 mA Van de la cho, tranzito nhan ddng cua IC CMOS cd dien trd xap xi 1,11kQ (trirdng hop xau nhat) Dien ap ngd cua IC CMOS bang tich cua 1,6 mA va 1,11kQ bang 1,78V Oien ap qua Idn doi vdi ngd vao trang thai L cua IC TTL Hinh 5.33: Oieu khien dung CMOS va tai TTL dung IC Schottky-cong suat thap - Dung tang dem bang CMOS Hinh 5.34 la mach dieu khien IC CMOS vdi he so tai qua tang dem Tang dem cho ddng d ngd Idn Vi du, IC 74C902 cd tang dem CMOS, moi tang dem cd ddng ngd trirdng hop xau nhat la: Ioi Max •o h M ax 3,6 mA - Vi tai TTL tieu chuan cd ddng d ngd vao trang thai L bang 1,6 mA va ddng ngd vao d trang thai H bang 48 |iA, 74C902 cd the dieu khien hai tai TTL tieu chuan Neu dung mot phan sau so tang dem cua IC CMOS nhir tren Hinh 5.34, thi he so tai CMOS/TTL la Cac IC khac duoc dung lam tang dem tuong tu nhu Hinh 5.34 la IC CD4049A: dao; CD405CA: khong dao; 74C901: dao 151 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ■5V i-J Tang dem CMOS T ii TTL Dieu khien CMOS Hinh 5.34: Tang dem CMOS co the dieu khien tai TTL tieu chuan - Cac dien ap cung cap khac Cac tang dem CMOS nhir 74C902 co the dung dien ap cung cap tir +3V den +15V va dien ap ngo vao tCr -0,3V den +15V Dien ap ngo vao co the I6n hon dien ap cung cap ma khong lam hong loai IC dung lam tang dem Vi du, ta co the dung dien ap ngo vao trang thai H la +12V dien ap cung cap chi bang +5V Hinh 5.35 la mach dieu khien CMOS dung dien ap cung cap +12V, tang dem CMOS co dien ap cung cap la +5V Do do, ngo vao cua tang dem CMOS bang +12V tang dem co dien ap cung cap +5V 5V 12V Tang dem CMOS TTL Dieu khien CMOS Hinh 5.35: Dieu khien CMOS hoat dong thich hop nhat v6i nguon cung cap 12V - Giao dien cua hd mach mang Ta da biet IC TTL ho mach Colecto, tang ngo co tranzito nhan dong vdi Colecto tha noi Tirong tir nhir vay doi vdi IC CMOS Doi vdi IC ho mach mang, tang ngo chi co mot MOSFET nhan dong Vi du, IC 74C906 co tang dem hd mach mang Hinh 5.36 la mach dung tang dem CMOS ho mach mang lam giao dien gidra dieu khien CMOS va tai TTL Dien ap cung cap cho hau het cac tang dem la +12V Tuy vay, co the noi tang dem ho mach mang vdi nguon cung cap +5V qua mot dien tro keo len 3.3kQ Cach noi co iru diem la ca dieu khien CMOS lln tang dem CMOS deu dirpc cung cap bang nguon +12V, khong ke ngo ho mach mang giao dien v6i TTL 152 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an - Tang he so tai (Fanout) Mot tang dem hd mach mang nhir Hinh 5.36 co he so tai gidi han la 2, vi nhan dong cu t dai xap xi 3,6 mA Co mot cach tang he so tai bang cach dung tranzito nhan dong nhu" trinh bay tren Hinh 5.37 Khi ngo cua CMOS d mu’c L, tranzito 2N3904 ngifng d in , cuc Colecto duoc keo len +5V Tuy nhien, ngo cua CMOS d mu’c H, tranzito 2N3904 dan bao hoa, co nhan dong chay qua Mach tren Hinh 5.37 dupe thiet ke co he so tai xap xi 10 tai TTL Nhu da thay, 10 tai TTL noi vdi Colecto, cac dong la: 16 mA = 400 flA Khi tranzito 2N3904 ngung d in , dien ap Colecto duoc keo len den +5V, trir di sut ap tren dien trd keo len Vi cap dong 400 ^A chay qua dien trd 3,3k£2, nen dien ap ngo vao TTL la: •0 L Max = • o h Max V, = 5V - (400 |iA) (3,3 kQ) = 3,68V Trong trudng hop xau nhat, dien ap cung cap chi cd +4,7V, luc do: V, Va mu’c chong nhieu = 4,7V - (400 |oA) (3,3 kQ) = 3,43V = 3,43V - 2V = 1,43V Hinh 5.37: Mot cach khac de tang dong nhan 153 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Tiep theo, ta xem xet dieu khien d trang thai L Khi tranzito 2N3904 dan bao hoa, nhan dong cho 10 tai TTL la 16 mA va nhan dong cho dien tra keo len la 1,5 mA Nhu vay, nhan dong tong cong la 17,5 mA, dong chay qua Colecto cua tranzito 2N3904 De co bao hoa cifng, dong cuc Bada phai bang 1/10 dong Colecto, do, dong Bado phai xap xi 1,75 mA Khi sut ap giua cuc Bado va Emito la VBE = 0,7V doi v6i tranzito 2N3904 va dien tro dan cua tranzito nguon CMOS la 1,11 kQ, tu" ta tinh dupe dong cUc Bado la: 12V -0,7V lB = = 4,7 kQ +1,1 k£2 1,94 mA Gia trj hoi I6n hon 1,75 mA, gia tri dong lB can thiet de co bao hoa cirng Do do, trang thai L, mach co du kha nang dieu khien 10 tai TTL Neu cai tien thiet ke, ta co the tang he so tai len nu’a TCr do, rut nhan xet la neu dung tranzito ngoai de nhan dong thi cho phep CMOS dieu khien dupe nhieu tai TTL hon la dung tang dem CMOS./ 154 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an CAU HOI VA BAI TAP ■ 5.1 Trang thai trd khang cao la gi? Vi trd khang cao lai co vai tro quan trong mach IC? 5.2 Dac trung cua IC hd mach Colecto, trudng hop nao su1dung IC hd mach Colecto? 5.3* Gia du rang can IC TTL co cong suat tieu tan it hon mW cho moi cong va thdi gian t r i nhd hdn 20 ns Loai IC TTL dUdc lua chon? 5.4 Sir dung Bang 5.3 de tinh tong thdi gian t r i cua cac cong ghep tang cho moi mot cac loai dudi day: a) Cong suat thap (Low-power) b) Low-power Schottky c) Tieu chuan d) Toe cao e) Schottky 5.5* He so tai cua IC 7400 la bao nhieu IC dieu khien cac tai TTL cong suat thap (Low-power) 5.6 He so' tai cua IC Schottky cong suat thap (Low-power Schottky) la bao nhieu IC dieu khien cac tai TTL tieu chuan? 5.7* He so tai cua IC TTL tieu chuan la bao nhieu IC dieu khien cac tai 74LS? 5.8 Ngo Y tren Hinh 5.38 d mu’c logic nao (mu’c L hoac mu’c H) doi vdi cac dieu kien sau day: a) Ca hai chuyen mach deu hd mach, A d mu’c L b) Ca hai chuyen mach deu ddng mach, A d mu’c H c) Chuyen mach ben trai hd mach, chuyen mach ben phai ddng mach, A d mu’c L d) Chuyen mach ben trai ddng mach, chuyen mach ben phai hd mach, A d mu’c H +5V Hinh 5.38 155 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn