Trade and quality of life empirical evidence for sub saharan africa

Thema Trade and Quality of Life Empirical Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum politicarum (Dr rer Pol.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena am 23.05.2018 von: M.Sc Huy Quang Doan geboren am: 21.01.1987 in: Thai Nguyen, Vietnam Gutachter Prof Dr Andreas Freytag, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena PD Dr Holger Graf, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena Datum der Verteidigung: 25.09.2018 „No nation was ever ruined by trade.” Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790, US-amerikanischer Politiker, Naturwissenschaftler, Erfinder und Schriftsteller) TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 Motivations of the dissertation 12 1.2 The issue and major contributions 13 1.3 Trade status in Sub-Saharan Africa 18 1.3.1 Imports 18 1.3.2 Exports 20 1.4 Quality of Life and its dimensions 23 1.4.1 Concept of Quality of Life 23 1.4.2 Dimensions of Quality of Life 25 1.5 Structure of the dissertation 28 Chapter 2: HOW DOES TRADE AFFECT FOOD SECURITY IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA? 34 2.1 Introduction 34 2.2 Literature review 37 2.2.1 Concepts and measurements of food security 37 2.2.2 Problem of trade indicators in previous studies 38 2.2.3 How trade influence food security? Theoritical approaches and hypotheses 39 2.3 Empirical Evidence 45 2.3.1 Model Specification and estimation methods 45 2.3.2 Data 48 Composite index for food security 50 2.4 Findings and discussions 54 2.4.1 Trade, real income, agricultural production and food security 54 2.4.2 Trade, Food Prices and Food Security 58 2.4.3 Trade, transportation infrastructure and food security 60 2.4.4 Trade, Natural Resources and Food security 61 2.5 Conclusions 65 Chapter 3: TRADE, INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND INCOME: Empirical Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa 68 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Literature review 69 3.2.1 GDP as a measure of income and its constraints 69 3.2.2 Trade and income 71 3.3 Methodology 73 3.3.1 The model specification 73 3.3.2 Data and hypotheses 73 3.3.3 Estimation methods 76 3.4 Findings and discussions 78 3.4.1 Static setting 79 3.4.2 Dynamic settings 83 3.4.3 Short-term and long-term effects 86 3.5 Conclusions 89 Chapter 4: TRADE, INSTITUTION QUALITY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION: Kuznets’ Hypothesis and Moderation Effects 92 4.1 Introduction 92 4.2 Literature review 94 4.2.1 Income distribution and Gini limitations 94 4.2.2 How does trade influence income distribution? 98 4.2.3 New theoretical approaches and hypotheses 106 4.3 Empirical approach 109 4.3.1 Model specification and estimation methods 109 4.3.2 Data 111 4.4 Findings and discussions 114 4.5 Conclusions 121 Chapter 5: TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT 123 5.1 Introduction 123 5.2 Literature review 126 5.2.1 How trade influences environment quality 126 5.2.2 Previous empirical evidence 128 5.3 Theoretical approach 130 5.3.1 Pollution haven hypothesis and factor endowment hypothesis 130 5.3.2 Race-to-the-bottom and gains-from-trade-hypotheses 132 5.3.3 Environmental Kuznet’s curve 133 5.3.4 Role of environment regulations 134 5.3.5 Hypothesis 135 5.4 Empirical evidence 138 5.4.1 Model specification, estimation strategy and data 138 5.4.2 Data Sources 139 5.4.3 Empirical results 141 5.5 Conclusions 152 Chapter 6: DOES GLOBALISATION IMPROVE EDUCATION OUTCOMES? 154 6.1 Introduction 154 6.2 Literature review and theoretical approaches 154 6.3 Empirical evidence 157 6.3.1 Hypothesis 157 6.3.2 Model Specification and Estimation Procedure 157 6.3.3 Data 158 6.4 Results and Discussion 159 6.4.1 Globalisation and Educational Enrolment 159 6.4.2 Globalisation and Education Achievements 161 6.4.3 Globalisation and the Quality of Instructors 163 6.5 Conclusion 164 Chapter 7: CONCLUSIONS 166 REFERENCES 170 APPENDIXES 195 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Variables, weights and description of KOF indexes 16 Table 2: Institutional quality indicators 17 Table 3: Import Partner by Country in 2015 18 Table 4: Import Partner by Region 2015 19 Table 5: Import by Product Group 2015 19 Table 6: Top Import Products in 2015 20 Table 7: Export Partner 2015 by Region 21 Table 8: Export Partner by Region 2015 21 Table 9: Export by Product Group 2015 22 Table 10: Top Export Products in 2015 23 Table 11: Variable and symbol definitions 52 Table 12 Descriptive statistics 53 Table 13: Simultaneous equation models with 3SLS Fixed Effect Estimations (Dependent variable: Food Security Index) 55 Table 14: Food Security Model with Food Price (Instrumental Variable Random-Fixed Effect with Baltagi-Chang Estimator) 58 Table 15: Food Security Model with Transportation Infrastructure (Instrumental Variable Random-Fixed Effect with Baltagi-Chang Estimator) 60 Table 16: Food Security Model with Footprint of Consumption (Instrumental Variable Random-Fixed Effect with Baltagi-Chang Estimator) 62 Table 17: Food Security Model with Biological Capacity (Instrumental Variable Random-Fixed Effect with Baltagi-Chang Estimator) 63 Table 18: Import and Export Productions of Sub-Saharan Africa 2015 65 Table 19: Variable and symbol definitions 75 Table 20 Descriptive statistics 76 Table 21: Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips–Perron stationarity test 77 Table 22: The Westerlund error-correction-based panel cointegration tests 78 Table 23: The effect of trade liberalisation on real income per capita in a static setting 79 Table 24: The effect of trade liberalisation on real income per capita in a dynamic setting 84 Table 25: The effect of trade liberalisation on real income per capita in short-term and long-term 87 Table 26: Variable and symbol definitions 113 Table 27 Descriptive statistics 114 Table 28: Income Inequality Model Estimations (Pooled OLS, Random Effect and Fixed Effect) with Clustered robust standard errors 115 Table 29: Income Inequality Moderation Model Estimations (Pooled OLS, Random Effect and Fixed Effect) with Clustered robust standard errors 119 Table 30: Variable Definitions 140 Table 31 Descriptive Statistics 141 Table 32: Impacts of trade on CO2 Emission (Simultaneous equation models with 3SLS Fixed Effect) 142 Table 33: Impacts of trade on N2O Emission (Simultaneous equation models with 3SLS Fixed Effect) 146 Table 34: Impacts of trade on CH4 Emission (Simultaneous equation models with 3SLS Fixed Effect) 148 Table 35: Impacts of trade on Renewable Energy Consumption (Simultaneous equation models with 3SLS Fixed Effect) 150 Table 36: Variable Definitions 158 Table 37 Descriptive Statistics 159 Table 38: Estimation's results of Education Enrolment Model 160 Table 39: Estimation's results of Education Achievement Model 161 Table 40: Estimation's results of Teacher Qualification Model 163 Table 41 Correlation matrix for food security models (chapter 2) 196 Table 42 Durbin-Wu-Hausman endogeneity test for lnGDPPC in Food Security model 198 Table 43 Durbin-Wu-Hausman endogeneity test for lnAP in Food Security model 198 Table 44 Correlation matrix for income models (chapter 3) 199 Table 45 Correlation matrix for income distribution models (chapter 4) 200 Table 46 Correlation matrix for environment models (chapter 5) 201 Table 47 Correlation matrix for education models (chapter 6) 203 LISTS OF FIGURES Figure 1: Proposal comprehensive impacts of trade on food security 45 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS QoL Quality of Life FDI Foreign Direct Investment IMF International Monetary Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle UNDP United Nations Development Programme FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations SEMs Simultaneous Equation Models GMM Generalized Method of Moments IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development WFD World Food Programme MDG Millennium Development Goals WTO World Trade Organization Table 41 Correlation matrix for food security models (continued) No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Variables FSI AEF EC SF PF Ecological Footprint per capita Legal Institution Quality Political Institution Quality Economic Institution Quality lnGDPPC lnAP lnBiologicalCapacity lnGovExp lnFDI lnPOP lnArea lnArableLand LnAgriLaborForce lnAgriCapitalStock lnGDPPC2 Food Price Road Density Rail Lines Density Shipping Connectivity Edu lnLaborForce 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1.00 0.39 0.39 0.31 0.22 0.52 0.42 -0.16 0.00 0.35 0.55 0.47 0.39 1.00 0.77 0.95 0.94 0.73 -0.39 0.20 -0.45 0.19 0.45 -0.27 0.91 1.00 0.83 0.71 0.51 -0.22 0.06 -0.79 -0.07 0.28 -0.27 0.69 1.00 0.89 0.66 -0.44 0.19 -0.62 0.19 0.41 -0.37 0.88 1.00 0.59 -0.55 0.38 -0.51 -0.16 0.19 -0.44 0.84 1.00 0.09 0.01 -0.16 0.39 0.64 0.16 0.72 1.00 -0.48 0.49 0.33 0.28 0.73 -0.30 1.00 -0.22 -0.50 -0.41 -0.42 0.17 1.00 0.69 0.08 0.50 -0.40 1.00 0.84 0.55 0.19 1.00 0.51 0.58 1.00 -0.18 1.00 197 Table 42 Durbin-Wu-Hausman endogeneity test for lnGDPPC in Food Security model Table 43 Durbin-Wu-Hausman endogeneity test for lnAP in Food Security model 198 Table 44 Correlation matrix for income models (chapter 3) No 10 11 12 13 Variables AEF EC PC IF CP PF Legal Institution Quality Political Institution Quality Economic Institution Quality lnGDPPC lnCapitalStock lnPOP lnArea 1.00 0.32 0.39 0.46 0.18 -0.02 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.64 -0.02 -0.38 -0.15 1.00 0.33 0.48 0.36 -0.05 0.44 0.42 0.64 0.40 0.20 -0.20 -0.27 1.00 0.50 0.34 -0.15 0.56 0.50 0.32 0.55 -0.17 -0.58 -0.50 1.00 0.37 0.21 0.35 0.45 0.56 0.66 0.14 -0.32 -0.38 1.00 0.11 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.20 -0.05 -0.18 1.00 0.10 0.14 0.36 0.12 0.63 0.60 0.41 1.00 0.86 0.57 0.30 0.16 -0.18 -0.14 1.00 0.55 0.34 0.16 -0.20 -0.18 199 1.00 0.35 0.41 0.08 -0.04 10 11 12 13 1.00 0.30 -0.32 -0.19 1.00 0.71 0.54 1.00 0.76 1.00 Table 45 Correlation matrix for income distribution models (chapter 4) No 10 11 12 13 Variables lnGDPPC Gini AEF EConomic PC IF CP PG Legal Institution Quality (rel) Political Institution Quality (rel) Economic Institution Quality (rel) lnGDPPC2 lnFDI 1.00 0.37 0.65 0.41 0.55 0.67 0.33 0.12 0.40 0.39 0.44 1.00 0.49 1.00 0.36 0.41 0.37 0.26 0.38 -0.18 0.46 0.44 0.50 0.38 -0.03 1.00 0.32 0.39 0.46 0.18 -0.02 0.20 0.17 0.11 0.65 0.42 1.00 0.33 0.48 0.36 -0.05 0.28 0.27 0.53 0.41 0.29 1.00 0.50 0.34 -0.15 0.56 0.53 0.45 0.55 -0.01 1.00 0.37 0.21 0.23 0.33 0.25 0.67 0.38 1.00 0.11 0.40 0.43 0.37 0.33 0.17 1.00 -0.12 0.07 -0.05 0.10 0.50 200 10 11 12 13 1.00 0.85 0.74 0.41 0.08 1.00 0.68 0.39 0.09 1.00 0.44 0.21 1.00 0.47 1.00 Table 46 Correlation matrix for environment models (chapter 5) No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Variables lnGDPPC lnGDPPC2 AEF EC Trade Openness lnCapital landlock Legal French Root longitude Latitude lnArea GDPGrowth lnCO2 lnCH4 lnN2O lnPOP lnFDI lnImports lnExports Import (% GDP) Export (%GDP) Renewable Energy 1.00 1.00 0.65 0.41 0.38 0.55 -0.25 -0.08 0.13 -0.31 -0.19 0.13 0.85 0.16 -0.06 -0.32 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.18 0.65 -0.74 10 11 1.00 0.65 0.41 0.39 0.54 -0.24 -0.06 0.14 -0.32 -0.19 0.13 0.85 0.16 -0.07 -0.33 0.49 0.49 0.55 0.18 0.65 -0.74 1.00 0.32 0.69 0.16 -0.16 -0.15 -0.06 -0.30 -0.15 0.10 0.62 0.14 -0.08 -0.38 0.46 0.29 0.34 0.52 0.79 -0.48 1.00 0.43 0.21 0.04 -0.24 0.15 -0.36 -0.27 0.22 0.37 -0.19 -0.10 -0.20 0.26 0.29 0.23 0.44 0.33 -0.52 1.00 -0.14 -0.16 0.05 -0.02 -0.16 -0.27 0.30 0.38 0.01 -0.25 -0.46 0.13 0.06 0.06 0.94 0.80 -0.35 1.00 -0.09 -0.37 0.10 -0.13 0.44 0.05 0.44 0.26 0.17 0.54 0.69 0.88 0.89 -0.24 0.10 -0.22 1.00 -0.07 0.18 -0.28 0.19 0.00 -0.33 0.12 0.21 0.14 -0.06 -0.03 -0.04 -0.14 -0.14 0.30 1.00 -0.14 0.37 -0.14 0.00 -0.18 -0.03 -0.07 -0.20 -0.33 -0.26 -0.27 0.07 0.00 0.01 1.00 -0.63 -0.12 0.00 0.09 -0.08 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.13 0.08 -0.02 0.00 -0.11 1.00 0.13 0.01 -0.41 -0.03 -0.04 0.10 -0.16 -0.26 -0.26 -0.09 -0.28 0.32 1.00 -0.05 -0.21 0.59 0.56 0.76 0.36 0.52 0.53 -0.32 -0.13 0.44 201 Table 46 Correlation matrix for environment models (continued) No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Variables lnGDPPC lnGDPPC2 AEF EC Trade Openness lnCapital landlock Legal French Root longitude Latitude lnArea GDPGrowth lnCO2 lnCH4 lnN2O lnPOP lnFDI lnImports lnExports Import (% GDP) Export (%GDP) Renewable Energy 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1.00 0.04 0.01 -0.10 -0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.32 0.20 -0.04 1.00 0.10 -0.09 -0.34 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.21 0.58 -0.81 1.00 0.81 0.12 0.18 0.19 0.27 -0.09 0.19 0.05 1.00 0.21 0.11 0.12 0.18 -0.31 -0.08 0.15 1.00 0.38 0.61 0.57 -0.46 -0.34 0.55 1.00 0.77 0.79 -0.03 0.34 -0.17 1.00 0.96 -0.09 0.29 -0.19 1.00 -0.15 0.40 -0.21 1.00 0.56 -0.25 1.00 -0.46 202 22 1.00 Table 47 Correlation matrix for education models (chapter 6) No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Variables lnGDPPC EG PC IF CP PG Education Index Pre-primary education enrollment Primary education enrollment Secondary education enrollment Tetiary education enrollment Human capital index Pre-primary trained teachers Secondary trained teachers lnGDPPC2 Mean years of schoolling 1.00 0.70 0.55 0.67 0.33 0.12 0.74 0.68 0.47 0.79 0.66 0.72 0.18 0.49 1.00 0.73 1.00 0.54 0.62 0.35 0.00 0.71 0.60 0.42 0.64 0.49 0.56 0.12 0.48 0.70 0.67 1.00 0.50 0.34 -0.15 0.53 0.56 0.29 0.62 0.32 0.47 0.17 0.55 0.55 0.44 1.00 0.37 0.21 0.70 0.66 0.52 0.71 0.61 0.63 0.20 0.41 0.67 0.61 1.00 0.11 0.47 0.38 0.17 0.51 0.59 0.42 0.32 0.05 0.33 0.46 203 1.00 0.12 -0.11 0.07 0.09 0.22 0.24 -0.11 -0.18 0.10 0.06 1.00 0.67 0.71 0.87 0.60 0.91 0.03 0.54 0.73 0.94 1.00 0.37 0.76 0.64 0.64 0.06 0.36 0.69 0.64 Table 47: Correlation matrix for education models (continued) No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Variables lnGDPPC EG PC IF CP PG Education Index Pre-primary education enrollment Primary education enrollment Secondary education enrollment Tetiary education enrollment Human capital index Pre-primary trained teachers Secondary trained teachers lnGDPPC2 Mean years of schoolling 1.00 0.52 0.32 0.60 -0.30 0.38 0.46 0.57 10 1.00 0.74 0.84 0.04 0.50 0.79 0.82 11 1.00 0.61 0.22 0.05 0.67 0.53 12 1.00 -0.05 0.45 0.72 0.93 13 1.00 -0.02 0.21 0.02 204 14 1.00 0.47 0.49 15 1.00 0.72 16 1.00 DECLARATION Erklärung nach §4 ABs.1 S.3 PromO Hiermit erkläre ich, dass mir die geltende Promotionsordnung bekannt ist; dass ich die Dissertation selbst angefertigt, keine Textabschnitte eines Dritten oder eigener Prüfungsarbeiten ohne Kennzeichnung übernommen und alle von mir benutzten Hilfsmittel, persönlichen Mitteilungen und Quellen in meiner Arbeit angegeben habe; dass ich bei der Auswahl und Auswertung des Materials sowie bei der Herstellung des Manuskriptes keine unzulässige Hilfe in Anspruch genommen habe; dass ich nicht die Hilfe eines Promotionsberaters in Anspruch genommen habe und dass Dritte weder unmittelbar noch mittelbar geldwerte Leistungen von mir für Arbeiten erhalten haben, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Inhalt der vorgelegten Dissertation stehen; dass ich die Dissertation noch nicht als Prüfungsarbeit für eine staatliche oder andere wissenschaftliche Prüfung eingereicht habe; dass ich nicht die gleiche, eine in wesentlichen Teilen ähnliche oder eine andere Abhandlung bei einer anderen Hochschule bzw anderen Fakultät als Dissertation eingereicht habe Jena den 21.05.2018 Doan, Quang Huy 205 CURRICULUM VITAE Doan, Quang Huy Personal information Born January 21st, 1987 in Thai Nguyen, lived in Thai Nguyen, Vietnamese citizen, male Catholic Christian, married and had two children Contact To 04, Xom Go Moc, Xa Quyet Thang Thanh Thai Nguyen, Vietnam Research interests Trade and Development, Development Economics, Economic Policy, International Economics, Globalization, African Studies (+84) 912296333 doanquanghuy86@gmail.com Education From October 2014 • Ph.D Candidate at the Chair of Economic Policy, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany • Researcher at Jena Africa Study Group (JASG) - the University of Jena • Dissertation topic: Impacts of Trade Participation on Quality of Life in Sub-Saharan Africa • Recipient of MOET-DAAD Scholarship 10.2012 – 12.2012 • Vocational Training at ICTE, The University of Queensland, Australia • Recipient of Vietnamese Government Scholarship 09.2009 – 08.2011 • Master degree of International studies in International Trade, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea • Major: International Trade • Master thesis topic: Impacts of Economic Integration on Vietnam’s Trade Flows • Recipient of POSCO TJ Park Scholarship 08.2004 - 06.2008 • Bachelor degree in Economics, Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Vietnam • Major: Agricultural Economics 206 • Bachelor thesis topic: Market access and their impacts on livelihoods in Van Chan village - Yen Bai province 08.2011 – 06.2004 • Thai Nguyen Gifted High School, Vietnam • Major: Mathematics Jobs From 10.2014 • Researcher at Jena Africa Study Group (JASG), Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany • Subjects: Trade and Development, African Studies From 2011 • Instructor of Joint-Training Programs with Deagu University (South Korea) and Central University of Philippines at International Cooperation Center about Training and Study Abroad, TUEBA-Vietnam • Teaching subjects: Econometrics, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics From 09.2008 Statistics, • Lecturer at Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Vietnam • Teaching subjects: International Trade, International Economics, Economic Statistics, Logistics, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics Research Experience From 2014 • Researcher, Project “Impacts of Trade Participation on Quality of Life in Sub-Saharan Africa” • Funded by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD, Germany) and Vietnamese Government 2013 • Research Assistant, Project “Poverty Alleviation through Livestock Development in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam (PALD)” 207 • Funded by Swiss Agency for Cooperation and Development 2007-2008 • Research Assistant, Project “Poverty reduction in Van Chan town - Yen Bai province” • Funded by Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration and International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) 2007-2008 • Researcher, Project “Solutions for improving role of social unions in developing rural economy in Phu Luong district” • Funded by Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration (TUEBA) 2007-2008 • Researcher, Project “Impacts of price on tourist attraction in Ho Nui Coc resort” • Funded by Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration (TUEBA) Scholarship Awards 2014-2018 • Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) Scholarship, Germany 2014-2018 • Project 911 scholarship, Vietnamese Government 2012 • Project 2020 Training Scholarship, Vietnamese Government 2009-2011 • POSCO TJ Park Scholarship, South Korea Other services 2017-2018 • Vice-President, Vietnamese Students Association in Germany (SiviDuc) 208 From 2015 • Editor-in-Chief, Vietnam Journal of Innovation, Science and Technology, Vietnamese Students Association in Germany (SiviDuc) 2015-2018 • Chairman, Science and Technology Committee, Vietnamese Students Association in Germany (SiviDuc) 2015-2017 • President, Vietnamese Student Association in Jena Skills Language proficiency Computer • Vietnamese First language • English Intermediate • Germany Beginner • MS Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), • Stata, SPSS Jena, 22.05.2018 Doan, Quang Huy 209 LISTS OF PUBLICATION Journal Publications: • Doan, Q H and Chang, T (2013) Impacts of economic integration on Vietnam's Trade Flows Southeast Asia Journal, 22 (3), pp 59-92 • Doan, Q H., Nguyen, V H and Do, A T (2008) Market access and their impacts on livelihoods in Van Chan village - Yen Bai province Journal of Science and Technology, 47 (1), pp 46-51 Working Papers • Doan, Q H and Bui, T P H (2008) Impacts of price on tourist attraction in Ho Nui Coc resort Working paper, Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Vietnam • Doan et al (2007) Solutions for improving role of social unions in developing rural economy in Phu Luong district Working paper, Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Vietnam Conference Presentations • MIRDEC-7th International Academic Conference on Social Science, Multidisciplinary and Globalization Studies, Madrid-Spain, 26-29 March 2018, paper presentation • International Academic Conference on Management, Economics and Marketing in Budapest 2018 (IAC-MEM 2018), Budapest-Hungary, 16-17 March 2018, paper presentation • 14th International Conference on Social Sciences, FrankFurt-Germany, 02-03 March 2018, paper presentation • International Conference on Science and Technology for Life Development, Berlin-Germany, 15 August 2015, paper presentation • International Conference on Regional Economic Integration: Theory and Practice, Thai Nguyen-Vietnam, 2014, paper presentation • International Conference: Raising economy in East Asia, Singapore, 2014, paper presentation 210 • International Conference on Vietnam-Korea Economic Cooperation: Economic Theory and Practice, Thai Nguyen-Vietnam, 2013, paper presentation • 1st International Graduate Student Conference on East and South East Asia, Seoul-South Korea, 2010, paper presentation Workshop Presentations • Workshop on Economic Cooperation between Vietnam and Germany: Opportunities and Challenges, Jena-Germany, July 2015, paper presentation Jena, 22.05.2018 Doan, Quang Huy 211