university of texas press espíritu santo de zúñiga a frontier mission in south texas apr 2007

[...]... and economy I employ a multidisciplinary approach to address the research goals and multiple lines of evidence to explore the Mission Espíritu Santo holistically, encompassing archaeological, architectural, historical, and ethnohistorical data By examining and combining all available data, we can develop a better 6 Espíritu Santo de Zúniga ˜ understanding of the mission inhabitants and the social and... group that inhabited a large area around the Guadalupe River Valley (Foster 1995, Ramsdell 1938, Walter and Hester 1998) Friar Juan Augustín Morfí (1935) identifies the Aranama and Tamique as small bands that were not related to the Coahuiltecans and that lived along both sides of the lower Guadalupe Several scholars have identified the Aranama as the Mariames, a group of natives that Cabeza de Vaca encountered... establishing missions among the various in- 2 Espíritu Santo de Zúniga ˜ digenous groups of Texas At least five missions were established in South Texas alone for the Indian groups of the area The Spanish Colonial mission of Espíritu Santo in present-day Mission Valley serves as an excellent example of a Franciscan mission complex Although research has been conducted at many of the missions established in various... Locations of Mission Espíritu Santo and related sites (1) First site of Presidio La Bah a (same locale as Fort Saint Louis) (2) Approximate location of the first site of Mission Espíritu Santo (3) Approximate location of second site of Mission Espíritu Santo (4) Second site of Presidio La Bah a (5) Third location of Mission Espíritu Santo, in Mission Valley (6) Final location of Mission Espíritu Santo. .. areas inside and outside the mission compound The investigations provide information concerning the locations of particular habitation areas for the indigenous residents and the Spanish occupants of the site Excavations in a large area believed to be located outside the mission compound revealed cultural materials indicative of a mission Indian occupation Additional excavations of a small mound inside... establishment of the final setting of Es- xii Espíritu Santo de Zúniga ˜ píritu Santo, in Goliad, by involving the Aranama and Tamique Indians in the mission process and starting the cattle herds that greatly expanded after the move to Goliad From the work at the second location of Espíritu Santo on the Guadalupe River in Victoria County, Dr Walter has obtained a more detailed, scientifically based picture of the... Rosario, in 1754 for the Karankawa The remaining residents at Espíritu Santo consisted of the Ara- The Historical Record 19 nama and Tamique as well as the Piquianes and Manos de Perro (Forrestal 1931), who may represent different nations of the Aranama Information regarding the daily lives of the mission Indians at the Mission Valley location is lacking Nevertheless, some insight into what life may have... the majority of the South Texas mission Indian population Campbell (1983) notes that Coahuilteco was probably a second language that may have been learned in the missions The Coahuiltecan classification is based primarily on a shared secondary Coahuilteco language among the mission Indian populations and similar cultural traits rather than any specific ethnic a liation Equating this language, which was... labor in the mission fields Although historical records have offered only limited details about the Aranama, even less is known about the Tamique, who may have been a subgroup of the Aranama The few existing historical and ethnohistorical accounts of the Aranama and Tamique provide varying descriptions that are reviewed below In general, most researchers agree that the Aranama were a hunting and gathering... study of Mission Espíritu Santo will serve as a model for research at similar early Colonial sites in Texas and elsewhere In the following chapters I will present archival, archaeological, and architectural data relating to the site as a way to bring the mission experience to life Chapter 2 presents a historical overview of Spain in the New World and of Spanish Texas as context for the founding of Espíritu .