A study to indentify factors to improve the freight forwarding for export process by container at phuong lam flooring company in ha noi

CUSTOMER COMMENT SURVEY

I am currently researching the topic: "Solutions to improve the organization and implementation of regulations".

Process of forwarding and receiving import and export goods by container at Phuong Lam Flooring Company” Please take the time to answer some of the survey questions below.

I promise that the information you provide will be used for research purposes only Looking forward to receiving your cooperation.

Please indicate how much you agree with the following statements about organize the process of delivery and receipt of import and export goods by container at Phuong Lam Flooring Company, in order from 1 to 4.

Please highlight or mark an X in the box you choose.

Do not agree No comment Agree Fully angree

1 Employees are placed in a reasonable position at each stage in the process 1 2 3 4

2 The tasks at each stage are clearly described, easy to understand 1 2 3 4

3 The delivery process is divided into reasonable stages and jobs 1 2 3 4

4 Departmental parts are equipped with machines and the right job support tool 1 2 3 4

5 Time to complete procedures for container delivery at the port is fast 1 2 3 4

6 Staff promptly handle problems arising during procedures at the port (for example: wrong information on the

Container packing list, unloading goods after the ship's cut-off time)

7 Staff promptly provide necessary information for customers to unload containers at the port 1 2 3 4

9 The process of carrying out the stages, the work takes place according to the schedule 1 2 3 4

10 Goods delivered are not damaged causing damage to client 1 2 3 4

11 The delivery process rarely has unsafe incidents for cargo and containers 1 2 3 4

12 Goods are fully delivered and delivered on time 1 2 3 4

13 Goods are delivered to the right place as planned for client 1 2 3 4

THANK YOU FOR YOUR POSITIVE CONTRIBUTIONS

SURVEY RESULTS CUSTOMER COMMENTS

The results of the survey to collect opinions from customers and employees at Phuong

Lam Flooring Company are as follows:

1 Employees are placed in a reasonable position at each stage in the process

2 The tasks at each stage are clearly described, easy to understand

3 The delivery process is divided into reasonable stages and jobs

4 Departmental parts are equipped with machines and the right job support tool

5 Time to complete procedures for container delivery at the port is fast

6 Staff promptly handle problems arising during procedures at the port (for example: wrong information on the Container packing list, unloading goods after the ship's cut-off time)

7 Staff promptly provide necessary information for customers to unload containers at the port

9 The process of carrying out the stages, the work takes place according to the schedule

10 Goods delivered are not damaged causing damage to client 9

11 The delivery process rarely has unsafe incidents for cargo and containers

12 Goods are fully delivered and 7 18 30 45 3.13 delivered on time (7%) (18%) (30%

13 Goods are delivered to the right place as planned for client 7

LIST OF FIGURE AND TABLE 4

ADDENDUM 2 SURVEY RESULTS CUSTOMER COMMENTS 7

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE 14

Statement 1: The process of transporting exported goods by Container 14

Statement 2: Problems with transporting exported goods by Container 16

Statement 3: Factors in completing the process of transporting export goods by Container 18

THEORETICAL BASIS OF EXPORT OPERATION 19

1.1 General overview of export and export operations: 19

1.2 Process of delivery and receipt of import and export goods by Container 23

1.2.1 The process of delivery and receipt of import and export goods by the method of Full container load 23

1.3 Factors affecting the organization and implementation of the process of importing and exporting goods by Container 29

2 The freight forwading for export process by Container at Phuong Lam company 35

2.1 Orientation and goals of the solution 35

2.2 SWOT analysis to come up with the company's freight forwarding plans 36

1 Actual situation of organizing and implementing the process of import and export goods delivery by Container at Phuong Lam Flooring Company 41

4.1 Recommendations to the government 544.2 Recommendations to the Ministry of Transport and Communications: 55CONCLUDE 56

In the trend of globalization, economic integration between countries has taken place strongly and quickly, creating trade opportunities between countries, promoting import and export activities Along with the development of foreign trade activities, the import and export freight forwarding and transportation industry has also been developing strongly and plays an important role in the movement of goods, as a bridge between production and trade consumption, helping to trade goods between countries around the world.

According to the General Statistics Office, after joining the WTO, Vietnam's foreign trade activities grew quite strongly, and at the same time, Vietnam promoted trade activities with countries in the region and internationally With the development and integration of the Vietnamese economy, people's living standards are increasing day by day One of the needs in the current era of industrialization and modernization is the need to upgrade infrastructure and develop systems in terms of technology, information, and modern machinery Because of the continuous development of Vietnam and the trade, the construction industry also makes an important contribution to the economy through the form of design consultancy, renovation, restoration or repair of industrial buildings damaged, old, and out-of-date programs Vietnam has a coastline of 3,260 km, international and domestic ports, which are enough to meet the needs of loading and unloading goods, packing for import and export, and different storage systems It can be said that this is a closed circle with strict steps, each stage in the import-export process is considered an important link in foreign trade activities In order to facilitate the transportation of goods from the port to the warehouse or vice versa, but to save time and costs, the Container is the preferred vehicle in this regard.

As a result, the time of loading and unloading goods, packing goods at the yard, loading and unloading goods on the ship is easier Along with infrastructure at the port such as: wharf, gantry crane, container handling crane, internal trailers, container yards have also been upgraded to maximize support for the exploitation of import and export goods Therefore, it is required that Vietnamese businesses create for themselves a reputable brand, a solid position to create trust with partners.

With more than 11 years of experience in the construction industry, PhuongLam Flooring Company specializes in trading materials and other installation equipment in construction To meet the requirements of the country's development,Phuong Lam Flooring Company needs to promote finding plans and strategies to upgrade customer service, thereby prompting the decision to use the service quickly.and efficient In particular, the improvement of the daily freight process is focused by companies, this is also the core of the freight forwarding process Upgrading elements to improve the process of transporting goods by Container also helps goods to be better preserved, maximize profits, and save time.

Currently, the company is spending a lot of money and time on transporting goods to agents Because the company has not planned the time to arrange as well as transport the goods to the agents Besides, the company has not optimized the distribution of goods evenly to agents, so the transportation of goods is not neat, which increases the company's transportation costs, which is an urgent issue that I recognized when I went to work With the rapid economic development in Vietnam, business owners are increasingly developing machinery and equipment Particularly, Phuong Lam Flooring Company still has some activities that mainly use human power such as transporting goods up and down cargo trucks This can be done optimally by forklift.

After the Covid-19 pandemic, the integration of the industry's export markets was fiercely competitive, plus the bad volatility in the past few years made the Company face many difficulties and challenges Typically, the price of imported materials is too high while other businesses in the same industry always have stable prices The company still has activities that are mainly human labor while it can be replaced by machines and supporting equipment.

Moreover, it realizes the importance of goods trading activities, specifically the Company's container shipping and receiving activities This is very important for the development and recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic, so I researched the topic

"A Study To Indentify Factors To Improve The Freight Forwarding For Export Process By Container At Phuong Lam Flooring Company in Ha Noi”

Phuong Lam Flooring Company in Hanoi was established in 2012, specializing in the distribution of export and domestic products such as flooring, wall panels, corrugated wall panels And Da Nang branch has been established from 2020 to present

With a wealth of experience in distributing flooring and furniture along with a team of qualified staff and modern equipment, rich and diverse designs, reasonable prices to meet the needs of customers To consumers, the products of Phuong Lam Flooring Company in Hanoi are always popular in the domestic market Phuong Lam Floor Company in Hanoi was officially licensed with number 0800998323 on August

31, 2012 at the Tax Department of Chi Linh City, the business line includes wholesale

With the motto "Prestige, quality, efficiency" and bringing the most practical values to the community, Phuong Lam Flooring has constantly grown strongly and promises to grow more and more to meet the needs of the community technical requirements as well as standards to meet the trust and confidence of consumers.

Currently, the company is spending a lot of money and time on transporting goods to agents, this is an urgent problem With the rapid economic development in Vietnam, business owners are increasingly developing machinery and equipment. Particularly, Phuong Lam Flooring Company still has a few activities that mainly rely on human labor, such as transporting goods in and out of vehicles This can be optimized with a forklift.

General objective: Proposing a study to identify factors to improve the process of transporting export goods by container at Phuong Lam flooring company in Hanoi

Firstly, systematize the theoretical basis on the role and forms of export activities in detail and practical experience in the process of forwarding and forwarding export goods by sea container of the Company in the export activities. international commerce From there, find out the reasons for not completing the export business with Container at the company

Second, study the situation in the entire export process and from there point out the groups of factors affecting the export of goods by container of Phuong Lam Laminate Flooring Company, Hanoi.

Third, offer some solutions for the Company and related units in order to better select and support the export to the world market.

This study aims to find answers to the following questions

1 What are the processes used by Phuong Lam Floorịng Company in transporting their export goods by container?

2 What are the problems encountered by Phuong Lam Floorịng Company in transporting their export goods by container?

3 What are the factors to consider in improving the process of transporting export goods by container at Phuong Lam Floorịng Company?

Based on the actual situation of the process of transporting export goods by container in the flooring industry at Phuong Lam Flooring Company, Hanoi and this is the research topic; related to issues of export operations, evaluation criteria and factors affecting export operations With products researched and manufactured by Phuong Lam Flooring Company with operating time and data from 2020-2022

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

Chapter 2 is based on the statement of problems encountered at Phuong Lam Flooring, together with other theories and materials related to the topic and this article can be used and analyzed.

Statement 1: The process of transporting exported goods by Container

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

Chapter 2 is based on the statement of problems encountered at Phuong LamFlooring, together with other theories and materials related to the topic and this article can be used and analyzed.

The process of transporting exported goods by Container

According to ISO 668:1995(E), a cargo container is a means of transport that has characteristics suitable for the mode of transporting export goods by Container, such as: It has the characteristics of sustainability and sufficient strength, equivalent to that of a container suitability for reuse; Specially designed so that goods can be carried by one or more modes of transport, without having to be unloaded and repacked along the way; Be equipped with equipment that allows convenient loading and unloading, especially when transferring from one mode of transport to another; Designed for easy loading and unloading of containers; Has an internal volume equal to or more than 1 cubic meter (35.3 cubic feet).(Tran Nguyen Hop Chau, 2018)

Container elements are an important part of the freight process At the same time, it also brings a lot of value if used correctly

Research overview on logistics and propose factors affecting the sustainable development of Vietnam's logistics industry According to TCCT NCS Vuong Thi BICH NGUYEN (Basement 2, Foreign Trade University in Ho Chi Minh City)

The study introduced and analyzed commonly used logistics concepts, thereby systematizing the process of forming, developing and perfecting logistics concepts In addition, the author also focuses on clarifying the factors affecting the Logistics industry, proposing a research model on the factors affecting the sustainable development of Vietnam's Logistics industry Especially the big step of the industrial revolution 4.0, logistics has gradually become a tool and an indispensable job of every business in all fields, especially in the field of production and business.

Research results: found that the policy-legal system is not uniform, there are many overlapping issues among the State's management agencies; our country's modernized; The current situation of human resources in the field of logistics; The development of information technology in logistics; Trade goods at home and abroad.

Assessment: Logistics can be considered as an important service industry in the overall structure of the economy, playing a supporting and connecting role while promoting socio-economic development, contributing to improving competitiveness. picture of the country's economy Logistics Vietnam began to be formed and developed in the 1990s, but in a short time, it has grown strongly and gradually asserted a particularly important role in the economy.

Along with a few studies found on Logistics

Research by Samaras: Steven A Samaras (2000) conducted a study

"Competing upstream: Inbound logistics as a source of competitive advantage" with the goal of researching on factors that help improve and enhance competitive advantage inbound logistics Survey participants include 80 enterprises operating in the logistics sector at the time of the study The results presented in the quantitative research show that 65 out of 80 enterprises (ie 81.25% of enterprises surveyed) agree that cost, delivery speed and customer advantage are related closely related to the quality of logistics services Of which 11% came from difference in cost advantage, 4.81% difference was recorded in customer advantage and 4.42% in speed of delivery.

Research by Blancas et al.: In the study "Efficient Logistic - A Key to Vietnam's Competitiveness", Blancas and colleagues focused on researching and proposing 5 groups of solutions with the goal of improving, enhancing, and enhancing the level of competition reliability and efficiency in transportation, logistics and overall domestic and international supply chains of Vietnam 5 groups of solutions are presented in turn, including: (1) modernization in parallel with the synchronization of the customs system; (2) efforts to increase transparency; (3) strengthening the planning, management and implementation of the multimodal transport corridor in general and international multimodal transport in particular; (4) paying attention to the development of the road transport system; (5) research and propose solutions to facilitate integration with other countries and territories.

Research by Ruth Banomyong: In the study "Formulating regional logistics development policy: The case of ASEAN", R Banomyong presented in turn the logistics competitiveness assessment system of countries in the ASEAN region, inThat includes Vietnam Accordingly, the set of criteria includes 4 elements: (1) potential for development of logistics infrastructure; (2) the consolidation and development of the institutional framework, policies and laws related to logistics management; (3) the capacity of service providers, enterprises operating in the field of logistics and (4) the capacity of enterprises using logistics services, assessed based on business size, business practices, designed logistics systems, accessibility to other logistics services, etc.

Research by Sullivan: Sullivan (2006) in the study "Vietnam Transportation and Logistics: Opportunities and Challenges" has pointed out the current situation, opportunities and challenges that Vietnam's transportation and logistics sector is facing In this study, the author in turn analyzes the opportunities and challenges of the freight transport industry, related to the popular forms of transport in Vietnam such as road transport, rail transport, freight transport air and water transport On the basis of the analysis, the author has proposed many solutions to the concerned agencies in order to seize opportunities and fundamentally solve difficulties and challenges.

And domestic studies on Logistics development

Doctoral thesis "Improving the method of container selection in multimodal transport in Vietnam" (2000) by Dr Vu The Binh: On the basis of synthesis and analysis of results from surveys related to Transport activities, combined with the study of the actual situation of port operations and container terminals in Vietnam, author Vu The Binh has given many solutions and recommendations in choosing a reasonable container Accordingly, the selection of containers needs to be compatible with the basic characteristics of the ship, ensuring that they are within the allowable limits to develop a fleet of containers suitable for the liner, ensuring good compliance with international practices towards the goal of the highest efficiency in multimodal transport using containers in Vietnam.

Doctoral thesis "Improving freight forwarding procedures in multimodal transport in Vietnam" (2007) by Dr Nguyen Hong Van: On the basis of a systematic analysis of issues under the perspective of logic Theory and practical perspective related to freight forwarding procedures in the form of international multimodal transport services at enterprises operating in the field of logistics in Vietnam, authorNguyen Hong Van has given assessment of the actual status of goods delivery procedures Accordingly, the author also proposes many solutions to perfect and perfect the freight forwarding procedures in multimodal transport in Vietnam.

Problems with transporting exported goods by Container

Container is a special unit of goods, standardized in size, reusable and has a large capacity Transporting goods by container helps to reduce transportation time, reduce transportation costs, and increase the safety of goods and means of transport during transportation About 15% of the world's seaborne trade is carried by containers, and the volume of goods transported by containers has tripled in the past two decades, reaching 152 million TEUs (TEUTwenty-foot equivalent unit; 1 TEU=)

1 20ft container) (UNCTAD, 2021) At present, there are 2 main groups owning containers (Tran Thanh Hai, 2021) The first group is shipping lines such as Maersk, MSC, COSCO, CMA CGA, Hapag-Lloyd, ONE, Evergreen, etc., which transport goods and also provide containers for customers to pack as an added value of the service shipping service The second group is the container leasing companies such as Textainer, Triton, CAI, Florens, Seaco, SeaCube, Beacon This group only owns the container but does not own the ship and leases the container to shipping lines and retail customers Leasing companies often focus on managing the depreciation expense of empty containers and try to make a profit during the rental period. Meanwhile, the lessee, usually shipping lines, is responsible for the management of these containers, including container rotation and container repair Leasing companies do not care about empty container rotation because they can make a profit even if the container is empty during the rental period According to Drewry's forecast, the global supply of containers will reach 39.9 million TEUs in 2020, down more than 1% compared to 2019, and the number of containers handled at ports globally will decrease by more than 3% Furthermore, Drwery puts port throughput rates per container, an indicator of equipment availability, which was only 20 times/year/container in the second half of 2020, a number that is not high compared to with historical data (The Maritime Executive, 2021) This shows that the current quantity is sufficient for the cargo to be transported by container continuously.

Research on the shortage of empty containers in the shipping industry (March

2021) by student TRAN VIET AN - LUONG VAN DAT

This study shows that by the end of 2020, the world shipping industry is facing a serious problem, which is the shortage of empty containers, especially in Asia This has resulted in global container shipping costs rising to record highs The initial transportation cost was less than 1,000 USD/40ft container, now it has increased to8,000- 10,000 USD/40ft container (An Ton, 2021) The Covid-19 pandemic caused factories to stop production, ships to stop shipping, and supply chain disruptions on a global scale This article focuses on clarifying the impact of the epidemic on the shortage of empty containers during the peak season at seaports, as well as the shortcomings in the production and management of containers Through the method of synthesis and analysis, the article provides the current situation globally and in Vietnam, points out the main causes for a comprehensive assessment of the shortage of empty containers, from which, draws conclusions immediate measures, from the policy of stabilizing container rental rates to mobilizing other types of non-specialized ships, or sharing information and cooperating between import and export enterprises and shipping lines.

In the current context, the Government needs to ensure the stability of charter prices and costs related to logistics activities, import-export businesses and related companies need to develop an appropriate business strategy During this period, there is a special need for cooperation between the Government, shipping lines and businesses In the long term, the continued development of deep-sea ports, the system of inland inland ports and the government's pricing policy.

Factors in completing the process of transporting export goods by Container

General overview of export and export operations

According to Article 28, Section 1, Chapter 2 of the 2005 Vietnam Commercial Law, “Export of goods is the act of bringing goods out of the territory of Vietnam or into a special area located in the territory of Vietnam which is considered a separate customs as prescribed by law” Export of goods is the sale of goods and services to another country on the basis of currency as a means of payment The currency here can be the foreign currency for one country or both countries The purpose of export activities is to exploit the advantages of each country in the international division of labor When the exchange of goods between countries is beneficial, countries actively participate in expanding this activity According to Prof Dr Vo Thanh Thu (2005):

“Exporting is not a single act of trade, but a system of complex and organized trading relationships both inside and outside for the purpose of profit , promoting the development of commodity production, transforming the economic structure,stabilizing and gradually raising the people's living standards Exporting is an activity that can easily bring about sudden effects but can cause great damage because it has to confront other economic systems from the outside that cannot be easily controlled by domestic actors selling goods abroad to develop production and business However,the sale here has its own characteristics that are more complicated than in the country because it has to deal with many people of different nationalities, a large market, a currency for payment in strong foreign currencies, goods transported across borders,and a border gate Imported from different countries should be subject to different international as well as local customs Thus, it can be understood that export is a business activity that goes beyond national borders and is an international activity. That is the sale of domestic goods and services to foreign countries according to the provisions of law.

Export operations are understood as ways of conducting work to make the sale of goods abroad Export operations are the ways to carry out the working procedures according to the regulations of the partner, the way to prepare the necessary documents in the entire export process, the way to prepare for the signing of the export contract , the order of work to perform the export contract.

Based on the nature of the export:

- Direct export Prof Dr Vo Thanh Thu (2011) has defined direct export, also known as direct transaction, according to which: Direct transaction is a form of transaction in which the seller (person) manufacturers, suppliers) and buyers have a direct relationship with each other (by meeting, by correspondence, by telegram) to discuss and agree on goods, prices and other transaction conditions Thus, direct export is the activity of domestic export companies directly signing contracts and exporting goods to foreign partners through their own organizations Through direct export activities, enterprises will quickly and appropriately respond to the needs of overseas customers and thereby also control the output factors of products to adjust inputs for maximum benefit.

- Entrusted export Entrusted export, also known as indirect export This is the form in which enterprises export goods to foreign countries through a third party (intermediate) and this third person will enjoy a certain amount of money Assoc. Prof Dr Pham Duy Lien (2012) said: “Due to various reasons, enterprises cannot have a direct relationship with the market and customers, so they use indirect forms of export through a third person: buying and selling through commercial intermediaries, participating in auctions, buying and selling at the commodity exchange The causes encountered in business are often due to the nature of the goods, due to lack of understanding of the market , do not have time to research, penetrate the market, due to the provisions of the law…” In this form, the entrusted exporter can be an agent, an import-export management company or a company an import-export business that exports a shipment on its behalf and receives a remuneration as agreed with the entrusting party The intermediary does not own the goods of the enterprise, but has the role of helping the enterprise to export goods to foreign markets.

Based on the level of participation of enterprises:

- Proprietary export: According to Prof Dr Vo Thanh Thu (2010), proprietary export: "A form of enterprise creating products by itself (organizing purchasing or producing), looking for customers to export by themselves password.” Proprietary export is an independent and direct export activity of an enterprise on the basis of domestic and foreign market research, fully calculating costs to ensure profitable export business and compliance with local and international laws and policies. Enterprises are often responsible for all stages from production, market research to negotiating and signing contracts with customers.

- Export processing: According to Prof Dr Vo Thanh Thu (2010), processing for export is a method of producing export goods in which the outsourcer provides: machinery, equipment, raw materials materials or semi-finished products according to a given sample and norm The domestic outsourcing recipient organizes the product production process according to the customer's request All products made by the contractor will be returned to the person who ordered the process to receive payment. This is a form of export business in which the exporting enterprise processes the exported goods under the processing contract for the supplier who is the importer the party ordering the processing to receive remuneration as agreed upon by the two parties In addition, this export method is developing strongly in developing countries due to the advantage of cheap labor and raw materials, and helps to create jobs for workers of the receiving country labour

For the world economy as a main content of foreign trade activities and the first activity of international trade, export plays a particularly important role in the economic development of each country as well as of the whole world Due to different conditions, a country can be strong in one area but weak in another. Exporting is no longer a separate and unilateral purchase and sale activity, but a whole system of trading relations between commercial, financial and economic organizations In addition, the export of goods is also a bridge between the production and consumption of this country with the world economy, which is a main content of foreign trade activities and the first activity of international trade Export plays a particularly important role in the economic development of each country as well as of the whole world.

Based on the level of participation of enterprises:

- Proprietary export: According to Prof Dr Vo Thanh Thu (2010), proprietary export: "A form of enterprise creating products by itself (organizing purchasing or producing), looking for customers to export by themselves password.” Proprietary export is an independent and direct export activity of an enterprise on the basis of domestic and foreign market research, fully calculating costs to ensure profitable export business and compliance with local and international laws and policies. Enterprises are often responsible for all stages from production, market research to negotiating and signing contracts with customers.

- Export processing: According to Prof Dr Vo Thanh Thu (2010), processing for export is a method of producing export goods in which the outsourcer provides: machinery, equipment, raw materials materials or semi-finished products according to a given sample and norm The domestic outsourcing recipient organizes the product production process according to the customer's request All products made by the contractor will be returned to the person who ordered the process to receive payment. This is a form of export business in which the exporting enterprise processes the exported goods under the processing contract for the supplier who is the importer the party ordering the processing to receive remuneration as agreed upon by the two parties In addition, this export method is developing strongly in developing countries due to the advantage of cheap labor and raw materials, and helps to create jobs for workers of the receiving country labour

Based on mode of transport:

- Method of freight forwarding by sea

- Method of freight forwarding by air

- Method of freight forwarding by rail

- Method of delivery and transportation by pipeline

- Method of freight forwarding by road

- Method of freight forwarding by inland waterway

- Shipping method of full container (FCL)

- Mode of shipping odd / not enough one Container (LCL)

Based on the scope of activities:

- International forwarding: is a forwarding activity for international shipping organizations.

- Inland forwarding (traditional forwarding): is a forwarding activity that only transports goods within a country.

- Pure forwarding: is a forwarding operation that only includes sending goods out or sending goods to.

- General forwarding: is a forwarding and forwarding activity that, in addition to pure activities, also includes loading and unloading, preserving goods, short- distance transportation, storage, warehousing,

Process of delivery and receipt of import and export goods by Container

1.2.1 The process of delivery and receipt of import and export goods by the method of Full container load

Full container load is a method of receiving raw materials, delivery of full containers is when the carrier receives the whole container from the shipper at the place of departure and delivers the whole container to the consignee at the destination.

Principles of delivery and receipt of import and export goods by container at the port:

- Conducted on the basis of a contract signed between the shipper or the entrustor and the port.

- For goods that are not stored at the port, the goods owner or the entrusted person will deliver and receive them directly with the carrier In case the goods owner or the trustee must make a payment directly with the carrier and only agree with the port on the location of loading and unloading, and pay the related costs.

- The loading and unloading within the port is done by the port, in case the goods owner wants to put his/her vehicle in for loading and unloading, he must negotiate with the port and pay the related fees and charges.

- When being entrusted with import and export goods, the port of delivery with the ship in any form shall deliver and receive the goods with the owner in that form.

- The port is not responsible for warehouse goods that have left the warehouse or yard.

- When receiving goods at the port, the goods owner or the trustee must present a set of documents related to the delivery and delivery of goods continuously within a certain time.

- The delivery and receipt of import and export goods at the port requires the organization of quick unloading in order to free the ship and not be penalized for slow unloading, receive the goods, and fully and accurately settle the goods with the ship;promptly detect the loss of goods, make records and legal papers.

The flow chart of import and export goods delivery by container according to the method of Full container load:

Return empty Container Save charges

Receive container of Goods in Container Yard Close the Goods

Figure 1 1: Flow chart of import and export goods delivery by container according to Full container load delivery method

Multiply B/L Due to container in Container

Shipping container to the destination port

Import customs clearance Customs procedures export

According to the method of shipping Full container load, in terms of responsibility for delivery, loading and unloading and other costs are divided among the parties as follows:

Responsibilities of the shipper (Shipper):

- Rent and transport empty containers to their warehouse or storage place for packing.

- Loading goods into containers including loading and unloading goods in containers to ensure the safety of goods during transportation.

- Type code and transport symbols.

- Carry out customs procedures and seal the lead clamp room according to export regulations.

- Transport and deliver the container to the carrier at the container yard and receive the bill of lading issued by the carrier.

- Bear the costs related to the above delivery activities.

- The packing of goods into containers can also be carried out at the loading station or the carrier's container yard The shipper must transport his goods to the container yard and pack the goods into the container.

- Issue the bill of lading to the consignor

- Manage, take care of, and send goods loaded in containers from the time of receiving the container at the container yard of the port of shipment until the delivery of the goods to the recipient at the container yard of the destination port.

- Unloading containers from port container yards and sending them to ships for transportation, including loading and unloading containers on ships.

- Unload the container from the ship to the destination port container yard.

- Deliver the container to the recipient with a valid bill of lading at the container yard.

- Bear the costs involved to be able to perform the above activities

Responsibilities of the consignee at the port of destination:

- Arrange import documents and do customs clearance for shipments.

- Present a valid bill of lading (B/L) to the carrier to receive the goods at the container yard.

- Transport the container to your warehouse, quickly withdraw the goods and return the empty container to the carrier (or the container leasing company) on time.

- Bear all related costs including the cost of transporting containers to and from the container yard For export goods packed in containers, it should be noted:

- The shipper or the person entrusted by the shipper fills in the Booking note and gives it to the shipping company's representative to sign the list of exported goods.

- After registering the Booking note, the shipping company will issue an order to deliver the container for the shipper to borrow the container for packing.

- The owner takes the empty container to his packing location (it can be a warehouse or a packing station).

- Invite a representative of customs, testing, quarantine and inspection (if any) to inspect and supervise the packing of containers After packing the goods, the customs officer will seal the container with lead.

- The goods owner transports and delivers the container to the specified vessel before the expiration of the specified time (Closing time) of each train (usually 8 hours before the ship starts loading) and receives a receipt for receiving the container.

The content of the container delivery process according to the Full container load method is as follows (as shown in Figure 1.1):

1 Booking: The exporter sends an email requesting the ship to send the ship's schedule, select the appropriate departure date and send a confirmation email for the booking Shipping lines send Bookings to exporters.

- Send Booking to the garage requesting to pull the empty container to the exporter's warehouse for packing

- The tractor driver holds the order to pick up the empty container (check the condition of the container), pay the fee for lowering the empty container at the sales office

- Dispatch room to deliver to the tractor: ship seal, Packing list of container, location of container level, receipt of empty container certificate

- Drag the empty container to the warehouse to pack the goods into the container

- Goods owners take the initiative in packing goods into containers in accordance with technical requirements to ensure the safety of goods and containers during transportation Markings and shipping marks

- The goods owner invites a representative of customs, testing and inspection (if any) to inspect and supervise the packing of goods into the container After closing, the customs officer will seal the lead clamp of the container Shippers adjust Packing List and Cargo List (if necessary).

- Enter the Invoice, Packing form after packing the goods, with the correct quantity and packing details.

- Enter export declaration information: declare electronic customs declarations on ECUSS VNACCS software based on a set of paper documents.

- Pre-transmitting declaration information: using EDA service to pre-declare export declaration information

- Formal declaration of declaration: use EDC service to officially declare export declaration

- Get the results of the stream.

- Shippers (or garages) transport containers at Container Yard or Inland Container Depot as specified before the specified time of each train.

- Pay the container handling fee at the sales office and receive the Equipment Itercharge Receipt voucher.

- Lower the cargo container at the correct position on the Equipment Itercharge Receipt slip to load onto the ship.

- The port will load the container on the correct ship and transport it to the specified destination port.

- Shippers provide accurate information about shipments to shipping lines.Information includes: name of shipper, name of consignee, name of recipient of arrival notice, container number, seal number, name of goods, quantity of goods, weight of goods (net weight, total weight) package), port of departure, name of port of discharge, ship name, voyage number, contract number

- The shipping line will make a draft Bill and send it to the shipper to check. When the shipper is sure of the accuracy of the draft bill, send a notice of acceptance of the draft bill to the shipping line, the information is correct, the shipping company will issue the official bill If there are errors later leading to amendments to the Bill, you must sign the LOI and pay the fee to correct the Bill.

7 Unloading containers at Container Yard:

Before unloading, the ship or its agent must provide to the port of Cargo Manifest, a diagram of the vessel's hold so that the port and other authorities such as Customs, Dispatch and port authorities shall carry out necessary procedures and arrange arrangements goods means.

Unload goods by ship's or port's cranes and load them onto the means of transport to be transported to the warehouse or yard.

Goods will be loaded on the means of transport to be transported to the warehouse according to the shipping note clearly stating the quantity, type, and B/L number.

Factors affecting the organization and implementation of the process of importing and

Natural environment (port geography, climate, weather) a) Geographical location of the port For import and export freight forwarding services by Container, the port plays a very important role, as a place to gather goods, customs clearance of shipments and ship out for transportation to the destination. specified destination International ports need to have a deep draft so that the mother ship can dock at the wharf for loading and unloading International or domestic ports are constantly improving their exploitation capacity to meet the different requirements of shipping lines, import-export businesses, forwarding companies, etc Port location is an important factor is most important when customers choose a port because it has a great impact on the customer's costs Customers tend to choose container ports located near ports associated with ICDs (inland clearance ports) and Depots (empty containers and cargo areas) During the Vietnam Maritime Logistics Conference 2013, experts said that the port's ability to connect to the rear is also capable of connecting the river and road networks to large container yards and the transport capacity of companies logistics company in the large region Vietnam has a dense river system and seaports are often located on tributaries, making it easier for boats and barges to dock Hai Phong seaport system is the place to gather empty containers of goods in the North, leading to jams inside and outside the port Many ports have not been exploited to their full designed capacity because the post-port logistics service industry - logistics - has not been adequately developed, lacks a warehouse system, and the transport infrastructure connection system around the port is not synchronized,according to the report proposed by the director of the Vietnam MaritimeAdministration The volume of import and export goods is increasing while some ports are operating at almost full capacity and leading to traffic jams entering the port since the beginning of 2017 Thereby, it shows that the selection of ports for delivery.Goods receipt depends a lot on the geographical location of the port Choosing the port near the warehouse, near the export processing zone, with convenient transportation is the top priority, so the ports in Hai Phong are the first choice, the forwarder is easier to liquidate the customs, when arising More problems about the shipment such as goods being checked, fumigated goods also arrive in time to handle more In addition, the collection of empty containers is also faster, customers make bookings with shipping lines, shipping lines also stipulate the ports of emptying and garages tractor, saving shipping time In case the port runs out of empty containers to supply to customers, the shipping company sends mail to the port to coordinate the transfer of the garage to neighboring ports with similar empty containers, the garage is also more flexible when choosing the nearest ports there In short, the geographical location of the port greatly affects import and export freight forwarding activities. Thus, the location of the port is located in an area with potential for development such as industrial zones, production centers and special economic zones and is located as close as possible to major railway lines, road, inland collection road, airport - airport. Connected transport – dry ports can include technical infrastructure for consolidation, distribution and transshipment with one mode of transport or connecting different modes of transport such as road, rail , inland collection and air transportation. b) Climate, weather

Weather affects from raw material stage to product completion time, favorable weather will be smooth but bad weather can affect the quality of raw materials, slow down production progress and prolong delivery time , and even worse, it is possible to completely cancel the export contract performance process International import and export goods, when passing through another country, another climate zone, the goods in the container are greatly affected, depending on the nature of each item that the exporter needs to take measures to preserve in order to protect the goods ensure the quality of goods upon arrival at the specified port of destination For example, rice and agricultural products can be packed in bulk or packed in closed holds and transported through different hot and cold seas The cargo nature of these items is that there is a certain amount of water inside it, when stored in the hold of the ship, cover the hatch When the ship passes through the hot sea, causing the hull to heat up, the iron hull should conduct heat quickly, causing the temperature in the hold of the ship to heat up, leading to the wooden cargo heating up and being affected by the outside weather to create moisture high in the cargo hold, affecting the quality of goods. When the ship moves into the cool water, cooler than the hull, the surface temperature of the ship is lower, causing the water vapor in the hold to condense on the surface of the ship wall and flow back to the cargo and back to the cargo goods will therefore be damaged due to mold or reduce the quality of the goods Therefore, when passing through different climates, it is necessary to check the ventilation regularly and properly, store goods away from the warehouse or hold walls, check the temperature inside and outside the warehouse as well as in the hold and outside gas Shippers can pack goods at their warehouse or pack goods at the yard at the port, in good weather,the packing progress is guaranteed, when it rains, the packing is delayed, especially at the yard at the port Or when the shipment is checked, the rain is also a factor delaying the customs inspection of the shipment In addition, the loading and unloading of containers at the yard will also be affected if it rains Containers cannot be lifted during heavy rain or strong winds because the container will swing, which is very dangerous for both the container and the goods contained therein Risks increase when working with inclement weather Due to the above effects, the weather will affect the quality of the goods, and is one of the causes of disputes It is also the basis for building force majeure cases and immunity for forwarders The risks related to weather factors are also specifically insured according to the original conditions of Vietnam as stipulated in the 1990 General Rules for Insurance of Import and Export Goods Transported by Sea issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade Finance issued This rule is built on the basis of the ICC clause of 1 January 1982 of the Institute of London Underwriters (ILU).

Information technology is one of the important factors and directly affects the ability to search and determine the status of goods as well as all forwarding activities such as customs clearance, freight, etc order processing, warehouse operations control, thereby affecting the time issue in the entire import and export freight forwarding process The selection of information technology applications suitable to the business situation of each enterprise to make an important contribution to improving the efficiency of the delivery process Apply information technology, exchange data online to reduce costs of paperwork, save time and help businesses control and manage information about goods anytime, anywhere Software for delivery services is constantly evolving, it is designed to give the delivery service provider the tools needed to run and manage the business Inventory management software helps to manage orders and inventory quotas, track inventory, coordinate orders, support order fulfillment, control warehouses, and manage suppliers. Warehouse management software - wharf - yard is capable of supporting scanning 2-

D barcodes or identifying goods by radio frequency (RFID), moving goods between warehouses The current import and export freight forwarding service industry needs a lot of support from information technology The application of automation is really necessary not only to reduce labor costs, increase labor productivity, but also to create work standards, reduce errors or damage goods, and shorten production time.Technology helps companies deliver better service by upgrading communication systems and solving problems more efficiently than manually solving them Using management software with data storage helps the company reduce excess production and inventory, which reduces storage, transportation, and tracking costs. goods flows, reduce processing time, avoid errors, and save memory space In addition, information technology helps to improve the monitoring of goods at the warehouse, assisting in loading, unloading, transporting and storing goods, monitoring the safety of the warehouse, and handling paperwork so that goods can be shipped. Quick and easy access to the warehouse.

For customs, completing and improving the efficiency of the VNACCS/VCIS automatic customs clearance system ensures that this system and the core information technology application systems of the Customs sector are operated stably, securely, 24/7 safety, no interruption to professional activities of state management of customs, the system's functions are used effectively and in accordance with the design In short, the application of science and technology in the field of freight forwarding helps the process of goods management and delivery take place quickly and accurately.

Characteristics of goods Import and export goods have different characteristics from which it stipulates the conditions and techniques of transportation, handling, storage, and packing The characteristics of goods are closely related to each other, it determines the means of transport and the mode of preservation to ensure the goods are safe and ensure its quality Ordinary goods are goods packed in packages, containers; special goods are specialized goods in each group which are preserved and transported according to separate rules and limits on temperature, humidity and hygiene regime such as frozen goods, dangerous goods; Bulk cargo is a type of cargo with a large volume transported each time, in the form of train operation Depending on the nature of the export product and the importing country's regulations on goods such as ceramic products, agricultural products, wood products, bamboo and rattan products, they need to be quarantined and tempered before being shipped , for goods exported to some ports in Australia need special fumigation (fumigation of the whole container) before shipping Frozen goods packed in containers need to be plugged in and set at an appropriate storage temperature Dangerous goods such as paint, gas lighters, chemicals on containers need to have dangerous goods stickers and IMO numbers Based on that, the captain arranges the Bay diagram During the process of lifting and lowering the container, based on the EIR note noting that the goods in the container belong to fragile goods such as glass, ceramic, etc., the forklift driver carefully lifts and lowers the container to ensure the safety of the goods and the container In short, depending on the nature of each type of goods, the forwarding operation may be different The "difficult" items require the forwarder to do a few more steps so that the goods can be shipped out such as: quarantine, fumigation, goods being inspected, etc The forwarder needs to understand the properties and properties.the goods that we make goods to prepare well for procedures and arrange reasonable work to ensure that the shipment goes on schedule to avoid the case of goods being dropped on the ship.

Import and export freight forwarding services with the participation of many departments from shippers, forwarding and transportation companies, container ports, customs, banks, insurance, In each department, it is constantly improving. infrastructure for production or business in order to increase their competitiveness.

- The banking system allows importers and exporters to facilitate the payment process, ensuring the benefits for traders by providing payment services via banks.

- A system of insurance and quality control allows international trade activities to be carried out more safely and can reduce the amount of damage that can happen to traders in the event of a crash risk occurs.

- Shippers, forwarding companies equip working offices, warehouses, loading and unloading vehicles, means of transport, preservation and storage of goods.

- The seaport system is equipped with modern machinery that allows to reduce loading and unloading time, delivery procedures as well as ensure the safety of goods traded Specifically, the port infrastructure includes a system of piers, warehouses and yards; waters in front of berths, waters for ships to return to and waters for waiting ships; specialized cranes to arrange containers to move and arrange containers in the yard, forklifts, crane racks to help lift containers, container trucks and self-propelled vehicles (Lift AGV) to help transport container goods from cranes to warehouses or vice versa.

It can be said that equipped with modern machinery, infrastructure is equipped with a reasonable number of vehicles, equipment for loading and unloading containers and other goods, creating favorable conditions for the transportation, loading and unloading, storage of goods effectively keeping containers and goods, contributing to improving service quality and increasing competitiveness in the industry.

Human resources and management capacity

A significant factor affecting import and export freight forwarding is the level of the process participants and the operator Professional and highly skilled human resources are an extremely important factor for effective forwarding activities, a decisive factor for the success of logistics enterprises in the market The qualifications, leadership capacity and business administration of the board of directors and department heads will ensure the import and export plan of the enterprise, allowing the import and export to have the right business strategy right Be sensitive to the market, take advantage of opportunities and improve the company's business performance Qualifications and capacity of import and export business of the company's staff, who directly perform import and export activities, directly go to transactions, sign contracts and perform them, are the people who directly Monitor and urge the work to be carried out according to the progress Officers and employees directly involved in the import-export delivery process perform one or more stages including receiving goods, transporting, storing and warehousing; doing customs procedures and papers; Customer consultation, packaging, delivery In addition to professional knowledge about the forwarding industry, delivery staff need to be fluent in foreign languages to communicate with shipping lines, international importers and exporters Moreover, it is necessary to understand the communication culture and working habits of international customers Constantly improving professional knowledge and professional knowledge is essential in today's dynamic import and export business The information system is equipped with modern equipment, it is very necessary for its users to fully exploit its capacity, have enough qualifications and ability to use tools to complete their work well Experience and qualifications are enhanced over time in a flexible environment such as a forwarding business The Board of Directors, the executive department understands the entire process so that when problems arise, they are promptly resolved In addition, if the company wants to operate effectively, it must first take care of all aspects of the staff's life, have a reward system, and have a clear law to encourage employees and meet the needs of the business business action This is the leading factor to ensure the success of the business in business.

Financial resources are also one of the decisive factors to business ability as well as the leading indicator to evaluate the size of the business The financial capacity of the enterprise includes: equity or equity capital and sources that can be mobilized Finance includes not only fixed assets and current assets of the business,but also loans and future earnings Without the necessary financial resources,businesses can go bankrupt at any time In business, finance is considered a sharp weapon to dominate the market and take over competitors In order to be able to equip modern machinery, expand operations, upgrade internal information systems, hire qualified and experienced staff and many other related expenses, financial resources are needed strong and large amount of investment capital This is a decisive factor for the existence of import-export enterprises in the current fierce competition Having abundant financial resources will ensure that import and export activities are carried out and take place continuously With a good company's ability to raise capital, competitiveness can be increased by measures such as advance payment, allowing slow payment, offering preferential payment terms and easier signing contract combination Ultimately the aim is to increase the company's competitiveness in this industry

Organization of internal information system

The internal information system is a collection of software used to manage the business, these software are linked together to connect data, each department in charge will use it according to each function in those software Therefore, the internal information system of the enterprise acts as a bridge, linking the parts of the enterprise together It collects and provides information for the necessary units to fulfill the different purposes set by the business.

Internal information system helps businesses operate more efficiently; shorten and link the distance between businesses and customers; the fully connected system helps the operator to have a complete picture of the production, business and financial status of the enterprise to help them make appropriate and effective decisions; The system stores a large amount of necessary information such as customer information,shipping lines, shipments, service prices, costs and other necessary information This helps in the performance of business and business activities Business goes smoothly and saves time.

The freight forwading for export process by Container at Phuong Lam company

2.1 Orientation and goals of the solution a) Orientation:

Through forecasts on the situation affecting the company's import and export goods delivery by Container in the period up to 2025, Phuong Lam needs to identify opportunities, challenges, strengths and weaknesses of the company from there to have a direction to develop and promote the company's activities further.

Firstly, further promote forwarding activities in the Asian market, and at the same time start to promote this activity in the European market to increase the proportion of revenue in these two markets even more in the coming period.

Secondly, gradually increase the proportion of goods delivery and delivery ofDepartmental - Consumption goods so that the two groups of goods - Department -Consumption and Equipment - Machinery - Raw materials and supplies become the two main groups in the field of transportation received from the company.

Third, actively maintain and strengthen key markets and expand potential markets in the future.

Fourth, improve the system of warehouse facilities and the company's fleet. b) Goals of the solution:

Increase the proportion of revenue from freight forwarding imported by sea from the European market to 15% by 2023 and 20% by 2025.

Increase revenue in the Asian market to 50% of total revenue and increase the profit margin from revenue in the Asian market to 6-7% year-on-year in the period 2023-2025.

Increase the proportion of departmental - consumer goods revenue from 26.96% in 2021 to 32% in 2025 Bringing two groups of Department goods - Consumption and Equipment - Machinery - Raw materials and supplies into two main product groups of the Company.

Maintaining the current customer base and promoting the search for new customers, creating customer relationships with many new import-export enterprises in order to stabilize the revenue increasing year by year at 20-30%.

Repaired and improved the quality of the warehouse along with adding 2 more trucks to the fleet to increase the scale of operations.

2.2 SWOT analysis to come up with the company's freight forwarding plans a) SWOT analysis gives options to promote Phuong Lam's container delivery activities to 2025

Based on opportunities and challenges, strengths and weaknesses of Phuong Lam have been identified in chapter 2, the author conducts a SWOT analysis to come up with options to promote Phuong Lam's forwarding activities to the future 2025 as follows (table 2.2).

Table 2.2: SWOT matrix of Phuong Lam company

O1: Economic development, import and export activities increase, delivery is promoted.

O2: Approved FTAs boost foreign trade.

O4: Infrastructure at seaports is increasingly improved at seaports.

O5: Plan to improve competitiveness and develop logistics services in Vietnam.

T1: The political situation is not stable.

T2: Competitive pressure from enterprises in the same industry.

T3: Large companies acquire good human resources.

T4: The legal situation is not stable.

T5: The traffic infrastructure system has not been improved, there are still many hot spots for traffic congestion.

S1: Highly qualified manager with many years of experience in staff management and training.

S2: Keep good relationship with old customers.

S3: Having a system of representative offices in key markets.

S4: Facilities and techniques at the office are getting more and more complete.

S1,2,3 + O1,2,4,5: Promote and keep relationships with traditional markets and seek new markets.

S1,4 + T1,2,4,5: Apply the company's management ability together with the complete facilities to overcome difficulties from the environment.

W1: Human resources are inexperienced and have weak qualifications.

W2: Marketing activities are still weak.

W3: Warehouse system has not been repaired yet.

W4: The tracking order management system is still slow.

W1, 3, 4 + O1,4,5: Invest in improving the level of human resources and technology systems and warehouse infrastructure.

W2 + O1,2: Develop strategies to promote company image to attract customers.

W1,2,3 + T1,2,3,4,5: Assess market potential and select forwarding market as well as scope of activities

In particular, the contents of the combined plans are as follows:

Accelerating market penetration: is to take advantage of the experience and qualifications of management levels to find and seize opportunities from the market such as the recovery of the world economy, incentives from FTAs; receiving support existing representative offices in key markets to penetrate deeper into other markets. This market as well as applying the experience gained to the target markets in the future, thereby helping the company step by step approach and penetrate deeply into the European and American markets and gain a foothold firmly in the Asian forwarding market, especially Southeast Asia.

Promote and maintain relationships with traditional markets and seek new markets: thanks to management experience and the ability to keep good relationships with partners as well as a growing economy, operating Forwarding is increasingly promoted along with a good customer care policy to help the Company have more and more opportunities to maintain strong relationships with traditional markets through its quality forwarding activities In addition, thanks to the incentives from the FTAs along with the recovery of the world economy in general and Vietnam in particular, combined with the improvement of the seaport system is an opportunity to attract more and more people than freight forwarding to Vietnam from new countries and regions, this is a favorable condition for the company to seek and expand into new markets in freight forwarding activities import by sea.

Applying the management ability along with the company's complete facilities to overcome difficulties from the environment: Based on the capacity of the administrator along with the increasingly improved facilities used in the office then the managers in the process of carrying out logistics activities of Phuong Lam company will know the difficulties in the political and legal situation to avoid inappropriate activities as well as know the situation of the enterprises forwarding industry in the same industry, competitors to know the direction to come up with reasonable business strategies to capture the market In addition, Phuong Lam can manage and monitor traffic congestion at her own office so that she can find a reasonable transportation plan, saving time and cost of order fulfillment.

Improve service quality: Based on the experience of managers at Phuong Lam to understand the requirements of the host country and partner businesses to improve the service provided in terms of consolidation, storage warehouse, time to make goods, customs procedures, to meet the diverse needs of customers.

Investment in improving the level of human resources: in the face of the situation that the economy is trending up along with a lot of beneficial policies for businesses supported by the Government, Phuong Lam Company needs to improve and improve the quality of human resources The quality of human resources is still young, regularly conducts practical training sessions and organizes employees to attend advanced professional courses to train quality human resources to meet business strategies next time.

Develop strategies to promote the company's image to attract customers: in addition to activities to improve the professionalism of young human resources, the Company needs to promote the company's image through marketing activities to bring Images to customers help customers know the company and its activities in the context of a series of opportunities to develop the current and future forwarding industry.

Assess the market potential and select the forwarding market as well as the scope of activities: assess the products and markets in which the Company is conducting import and export activities by sea, from which to propose potential markets such as the European market when Vietnam has just signed an FTA with this market or products capable of bringing large and effective revenue to businesses, namely Department of Commerce - Consumables and Equipment - Machinery - Raw materials and supplies Reducing investment activities, narrowing investment markets with high potential but not as high as wood flooring products that are rarely used by consumers but are relatively invested in machinery and equipment related to consolidation and store goods, but business efficiency tends to decrease the most in the period of 2019-2021 b) The freight forwading for export process by Container at Phuong Lam company until 2025:

The freight forwading for export process by Container at Phuong Lam company until 2025 is done by the focus group discussion technique The purpose of the focus group discussion to evaluate the options to promote the forwarding and forwarding activities of imported goods by sea of Phuong Lam company in the period from now to 2025 has been identified by the author through the SWOT model .

Based on the discussion results, the author synthesizes plans to promote the forwarding and forwarding activities of imported goods by sea of Phuong Lam company in the period from now to 2025.

The freight forwading for export process by Container at Phuong Lam company until 2025 are summarized as follows:

In the opinion of experts about the solutions proposed by the author, the option

RESEARCH METHODS

Actual situation of organizing and implementing the process of import and export goods delivery

Process of forwarding and receiving import and export goods by container Contents of container delivery process at Hai Phong Port (as shown in Figure 2.2):

1 Containers for export are transported by tractors to Hai Phong Port

2 Check the status of the exported container: The dispatcher at the port checks the condition of the container and the position of the container, then notes on the Container packing list, there are two cases:

- Normal containers or clay tubes or floor trailers can still be shipped normally

- If the container is damaged like a hole in the wall, make a record to record the condition of the container The port sends an email including pictures of the damaged container and the minutes to the shipping company and waits for the ship's reply At the port, we can support customers by temporarily handling lightly damaged containers such as gluing foil or using silicone sealants, etc Shipping lines also require customers and ports to handle according to the shipping lines' requirements for container handling is exported.

- For refrigerated containers, check that the container has set the set temperature, actual temperature, humidity, ventilation (if any)

- For dangerous goods, there must be a danger stamp affixed to the container.

3 Enter information into the CMS system: At the port's forwarding room, the container management department receives the Container Packing list along with the VGM slip and fully checks the information:

- Container number, seal number, booking number, container type, shipping line

- Goods packed in containers, pay attention to containers of ceramic goods, fumigated goods, and low-quality goods.

- Port of destination, port of transshipment (Transportation port must be correct)

- Tractor number, trailer number, phone number, tax code

- The number of containers on the VGM ticket and the Container Packing list must match After entering all information, issue the EIR slip to the customer When the container has been entered, the system automatically sends EDI to the shipping line according to the timelines specified by each shipping line In case the data has errors, the shipping line sends an email to the port and requests to check and correct the information.

4 EIR fee collection and distribution: Fees vary depending on the type of container of dry goods, refrigerated goods, goods for inspection, and fumigated goods(normally smoked and specially smoked) The tractor driver receives the invoice for the collection of money for lifting and lowering the container (pink link) and EIR slip

(pink and blue), the port keeps the Container Packing list and VGM slip, in case of errors to have data for comparison.

5 Unloading at the yard: The forklift receives the EIR ticket (green link) and lowers it at the correct position indicated on the EIR sheet and the driver completes the delivery of the container to the Port.

6 Customs liquidation of exported containers: The forwarder conducts customs procedures at the customs office with an office at Hai Phong Port under the Customs Sub-Department of Region IV and receives the results of channeling: ã Clearance green channel: After closing the goods in step 3, the goods owner will lock the seal again. ã Golden stream: After closing the goods and completing customs procedures and being cleared, the seal is locked Need to present a set of paper documents: export customs declaration, export license (if any); Notice of exemption from inspection or notification of inspection results from a specialized agency (if any) For officers to check the dossier at the Sub-department of Customs where the declaration is registered inspect the dossier, if the dossier is valid, the customs officer shall verify the customs clearance (cont for enterprises to switch to physical inspection of goods (red stream). ã Red channel: After closing the goods, the goods owner uses a temporary seal to lock and wait for the customs to check the goods and lock the customs seal. Enterprises present a set of paper documents (such as a golden stream) and at the same time present goods for physical inspection at the Customs Sub-department that registers the declaration or at the centralized goods inspection location, after the goods inspection is completed Officials check and confirm customs clearance (clearance like green channel) After the goods have the results of channeling, the forwarder will carry out procedures to liquidate the import and export declarations at Hai Phong Port:

- Check if the goods have been towed into the yard or not by entering the container number/seal number into the data system If the goods have been towed into the yard, the declaration shall be liquidated.

- Go to the office "Place of export liquidation" at Hai Phong customs and submit the customs clearance stamped declaration to the customs officer along with a bar code list of the list of containers that are eligible to pass through the Monitoring Area (printed) from the system of Customs Standards).

- If there is no mistake, confirming that the container has been towed into the yard, the port customs officer will stamp "Goods passed the monitoring area" on the bar code list of the Container list.

7 Enter the ship book: Present the declaration to the staff managing the export container The management staff conducts data entry, this operation is also known as "entering the ship's book" or confirming that the exported container has been present on the discharging yard at the port The management staff prints out

"Certificate of customs declaration registration form", the content on the form shows the name of the customer, the name of the ship, the number of trips, the declaration number, the container number, the seal number Carefully check the information on the ticket and agree, then sign to accept, complete the procedures in the ship book In addition, there are additional problems such as not paying fumigation, must notify the delivery staff, have the fumigation invoice number and conduct fumigation, the staff managing the exported container can enter the ship's book For cargo containers, when entering the ship's book, provide a new seal number for the container manager to input data or when cutting / pressing the seal after the inspection is complete, it is necessary to present the official seal number to the container manager.

8 Making minutes of handing over export containers Containers unloaded at Hai Phong Port that are eligible for export to ports are transported by barge or by road transport Here, the container is loaded onto the mother ship to the transshipment port Eligible containers when they have been cleared of customs, fumigated, and inspected (if any) Dispatch at Hai Phong Port based on the information entered into the CMS system, export and print out the list of unloaded containers according to the ship's name and number of trips (priority is given to those that cut the chute first) to plan export containers Next, the dispatcher conducts a physical inspection at the yard to select containers in a favorable position for barge shipment Since each barge has its own capacity, the dispatcher plans the arrangement so that the barge carries enough capacity For example for a 96 TEU barge, 32 20 foot containers and 32 40 feet containers can be arranged After marking the containers that are about to be exported, the dispatcher will transfer them to the Production Planning department, where the production plan will make a record of container handover or Port, also known as a barge record, this record confirms the delivery export container between Hai Phong Port and barge After the containers are all loaded onto the barge according to the barge's minutes, the port's dispatching officer disembarks the barge to check once again that the container capacity is sufficient and the correct number of containers recorded in the minutes Finally, transfer the confirmation signed between the inspection staff and the captain to the production planning department to remove the inventory in the CMS system (export the container from the system) and the container is considered to have left the Hai Phong port yard .

9 Moving containers to major ports: At Hai Phong Port, there are two containers to the northern coastal provinces without ports, the container will be transported by transport kit and the cost that the shipper has to bear is much higher than that of goods transported by barge For export goods arriving at ports in the Central region, they are transported by barges.

10 Customs liquidation with ports: The Planning and Forwarding Department at Hai Phong Port conducts procedures to prepare customs declarations for shipping and liquidation of unloading containers in Hai Phong with major ports in Tan Cang,Transvina, Chua Ve , where the container is unloaded at the port to wait for the mother ship to go to the transshipment port When the ship has cut the chute at HaiPhong Port, the freight planning staff will export a list of qualified containers to export to an Excel file Enter the shipping declaration information and declare the electronic customs declaration on ECUSS VNACCS software This declaration is simpler than the import and export declarations Transmit declaration information,check the declaration information, officially declare the declaration and receive the results Print declarations and conduct liquidation at ports.

Flowchart of the process of delivery and receipt of exported goods by Container at Hai Phong Port

Container arive at Hai Phong

Moving container to major ports Check Container status

Make a record of handing over the exported container

Customs clearance of export containers

Input information into CMS system

Collection of lifting and lowering fees issue EIR vouchers

Drop Goods at the yard

Figure 2.2: Flowchart of the process of delivery and receipt of exported goods by Container at Hai Phong Port

Make a set of documents

Commercial Invoice: A commercial invoice is a document that details the goods or services provided and shows the value of the shipment When making commercial invoices, the document staff should note the following:

- The number of main and sub-invoices must be enough as required by L/C If the L/C requires “Signes commercial invoice”, the invoice must be signed by the seller If the L/C does not say anything about the invoice type, the seller must present the required number of invoices and there must be at least one copy bearing the

- Do not present provisional invoice, unless required by L/C.

- The item description of the goods must be consistent with the L/C and consistent with the Bill of Lading If the L/C requires notes on the goods description, the invoice must also show it.

- The amount on the invoice must be correct and in the currency of the L/C, the invoice value must match the draft

- The commercial invoice must be signed by the exporter.

- The invoice date must be before or equal to the date of signing the bill of lading.

- The invoicer must comply with the provisions of the L/C on the company's name, address, telex number, phone number, fax number, usually the invoicer is the beneficiary of the L/C or the manufacturer After filling in all information, the voucher staff signs and stamps for confirmation and Original stamp The contents are based on the content required in the L/C. ã Packing slips

Issued at the same time as the commercial invoice Having the data, the Company's staff will proceed to fill in the available Packing list form: name of goods, net weight; gross weight; Some bills; Some contracts; packing date It should be particularly noted that the description of the goods on the packing slip must be consistent with the provisions of the L/C and other documents because this is the part that is most prone to errors.

Packing list made into 03 originals and submitted to the Director for approval and stamp

- 01 copy sent to the Bank together with the set of documents

- 01 fax to the importer and enclosed with documents. ã Bill of lading

- For goods shipped in full container (FCL), after packing, the shipping line issues a draft B/L, the document staff checks and corrects if there are any errors and sends it back to the shipping line Based on the draft B/L, the shipping line issues the official B/L.

- For retail cargo, deliver the goods to the carrier (LCL), the shipping line will issue the Master B/L to the carrier, the carrier will issue the House B/L to the company. ã Certificate of Origin: When the forwarder completes the export customs clearance procedures, the document officer will prepare a set of documents to apply for a certificate of origin for the customer The set of documents includes:

- Electronic C/O declaration (declared on the ECOSYS website of the Ministry of Industry and Trade)

- Application for issuance of C/O (according to form)

- The export customs declaration includes (01 original, 01 true copy)

- Shipping bill (01 original, 01 true copy)

- List of raw materials used (01 original)

- Official letter of commitment of origin (01 original)

Before applying for C/O at the import-export management office, the document officer must declare online and wait for this agency to accept and issue the C/O number.

Note: employees must declare accurately on all documents related to the issuance of C/O The contents of the vouchers must be authentic, valid and consistent.

Bill of Lading According to the L/C payment method, the company will draw a draft to claim the bank to open the L/C and be sent along with a set of documents. ã Quarantine certificate Employees receive a phytosanitary certificate after completing the previous procedure for applying for a quarantine permit

Evaluation of the export business by container of Phuong Lam Flooring Company ã Finishing point

- Exchange, sign contracts, receive purchase requests Sales staff receive information about orders, quickly process, draft and sign contracts Sales staff then quickly transfer information about the order to other departments to help process orders sequentially and efficiently, but still ensure time.

- Check L/C Document staff always ensure that the L/C is checked accurately and on time, limiting the costs incurred In case of errors, employees will quickly report to the notice bank for timely correction, avoiding affecting the next stages in the business.

- Preparation of export goods The preparation of export goods meets the criteria of time and accuracy The purchasing staff quickly check the available goods in the warehouse as well as contact the factory to give a specific quantity of goods The company can respond to the order within the time allowed by the contract.

- Checking for export goods The inspection of exported goods meets the criteria of time and accuracy The delivery staff quickly check the goods according to the quantity and packing specifications in accordance with the contract provisions. Goods in transit from the warehouse will be checked before being delivered to the carrier to ensure they always meet the quality requirements.

- Contact shipping lines to make reservations The point of contacting shipping lines to book seats has met the criteria of time and cost The document staff quickly perform a lookup of freight rates and schedules of shipping lines to quickly book seats on ships that match the information of the shipment The study of freight rates offered by shipping lines helps the company consider cost savings, in addition, the time of goods handling, delivery, the time to allow warehousing and storage in accordance with the shipping timelines, The Company's transportation will ensure in terms of delivery time, safety of goods and limit costs incurred

- Customs clearance The process of doing customs procedures has met the criteria of time and accuracy Document staff declare customs online quickly and accurately The forwarder prepares all necessary and appropriate documents for customs clearance to meet the time requirements

- Packing and delivery to the carrier The stage of packing and delivering goods to the carrier has mostly met the criteria of time, accuracy and safety of goods The delivery staff based on the given timelines about the time to supply empty containers,the time to pack the goods, the time to cut off to come up with a specific plan for the packing of goods, to meet the specified time Employees are always careful and put the safety of goods first, limiting damage to goods

Evaluation results

a) Standards for evaluating the level of perfection in the organization of the delivery process

Firstly, the results of the discussion focused on identifying 04 standards to measure the completion of the organization of the process of forwarding and receiving import and export goods by containers at Hai Phong Port as presented in chapter 1 (set item) are: Reasonable design delivery process; Organize quick and timely delivery;Organize safe and accurate delivery; Cost savings These standards are measured by the following criteria (observed variables):

Standard 1: Properly designed delivery process

- The delivery and receipt process is divided into reasonable stages and jobs

- The tasks at each stage are clearly described, easy to understand - The employees are arranged in a reasonable position at each stage in the process.

- Departments are equipped with appropriate machines and tools to support their work

- The process of carrying out the stages, the work takes place on schedule

- Time to deliver containers at the yard is carried out quickly

- Staff promptly provide necessary information for customers to unload containers at the port

- Staff promptly handle problems arising during procedures at the port (for example: wrong information on the Container packing list, unloading goods after the ship's cut-off time)

- Goods are fully delivered and delivered on time

- Goods are delivered to the right place as planned for customers

- Goods delivered and delivered are not damaged causing damage to customers

- The delivery process rarely happens unsafe incidents.

Secondly, the results of interviewing 50 employees, workers directly or indirectly organizing the implementation of the process and 100 customers using the container freight forwarding service at Hai Phong Port are summarized as follows: the following (table 3.1; table 3.2; table 3.3)

Evaluation of standards to measure the level of perfection in the organization of the delivery process

Firstly, in a properly designed process standard, the officials and employees directly involved in the process most agree that they are assigned to the right positions according to their expertise Next, the steps in the process are clearly presented to help them grasp quickly when working.

The survey results in Table 3.1 show that the number of officials and employees agreeing is over 70%.

Table 3.1 Employee survey employee survey results about the quality of the machinery facility and the delivery process

1 Employees are placed in a reasonable position at each stage in the process 0 2 1

2 The tasks at each stage are clearly described, easy to understand 2 4 9 35

3 The delivery process is divided into reasonable stages and jobs 1 5 1

4 Departmental parts are equipped with machines and the right job support tool 4 2 1

Secondly, the standard of fast, safe and timely in carrying out the process of forwarding and receiving import and export goods by container is appreciated by more than 60 people who agree that the time to complete the procedure at the forwarding room is quick and timely support to customers in arising cases Customer survey results as shown in Table 3.1, show that customers are satisfied with service quality when being served quickly and enthusiastically by staff.

Table 3.2 Survey results of customers receiving goods at ports about fast and timely standards

1 Time to complete procedures for container delivery at the port is fast 5 7 25 6

Staff promptly handle problems arising during procedures at the port (for example: wrong information on the Container packing list, unloading goods after the ship's cut-off time) 4 12 23 6

3 Staff promptly provide necessary information for customers to unload containers at the port 2 14 25 5

5 The process of carrying out the stages, the work takes place according to the schedule 10 23 29 3

Third, safety and accuracy standards are very much concerned by the Company in order to provide good service quality and minimize emails sent with incorrect data entry notifications so the delivery procedures are always positive

Table 3.3: Results of customer survey on fast, safe and accurate standards

1 Goods delivered are not damaged causing damage to client 9 10 26 55

2 The delivery process rarely has unsafe incidents for cargo and containers 8 19 26 47

3 Goods are fully delivered and delivered on time 7 18 30 45

4 Goods are delivered to the right place as planned for client 7 18 30 45

Fourth, besides the required standards of service quality, the cost standard is a factor for customers to choose With quite competitive service prices in Hai Phong area, Hai Phong Port is chosen by many customers to unload containers with a good quality of service.

Causes and shortcomings, limitations: After receiving the survey results to collect opinions of customers as well as employees working from different departments in the company, synthesize the survey results and analyze the causes as well as the shortcomings and limitations in the process to realize the complete and incomplete points in the organization of the process of shipping and receiving import and export goods by container at Phuong Lam flooring company For each evaluation criterion, analyze the process's perfections and imperfections:

- The delivery process is reasonably designed

For the criterion that the delivery process is reasonably designed, the employees agree that the stages and work in the process are streamlined and the placement of each person in each job position is appropriate in line with their expertise In addition, the work support machines have not been properly arranged for the employees Specifically, the arrangement of printers is not reasonable, which limits the working space of the delivery room staff, the projection screen to monitor the vehicles entering and leaving the Port is arranged with 1 screen at the end of the room, reducing the visibility of the customers employees at the front of the suite in the forwarding department at the Company Most of the jobs work through the software system, the information is connected with each other and the employees of the departments receive the same information, so each person in charge understands that he needs to enter the correct information to does not affect other parts The content of the process is disseminated to the staff on duty most of the time via general mail, when there is a change in the superior process via email to notify their subordinates According to employees, this helps them capture information more accurately and clearly During the working process, everyone has to follow the process to implement and the process is getting more and more perfect because by their experience, the employees in the departments know the difficulties or the places that have not been done From there, they propose solutions to overcome those shortcomings to help them achieve more work efficiency.

Quick and timely criteria The time to complete the procedures at the delivery room at the warehouse is highly appreciated, this is the finishing point in the delivery process Most of the staff in this department have more than two years of working experience, so the input speed is fast and quite accurate Over 60 customers rate the time to complete the procedure here quickly, showing that the forwarding department completes its task well and serves customers quickly and satisfies customers This is also the reason why customers increasingly choose the company to import goods The timely support of the staff in providing necessary information to customers is also highly appreciated by customers.

Phuong Lam Flooring Company is highly appreciated by customers for its quick product completion time, simple procedures and timely support That is the reason why the company is more and more selected and the volume of shipping containers has increased over the years This is the constant effort of the department staff, they are more and more experienced to serve and satisfy customers Although the time to complete the procedures at the forwarding department at the company is fast, the time of container delivery at the yard is considered to be a bit slow This is an incomplete point in the delivery process.

Safety and accuracy criteria The process is evaluated as effective also based on the accuracy and accuracy of information received from customers, information from data entry of employees A complete process is indispensable for the safety and security of the goods in the container, the safety of the container, the container reaching the destination safely and accurately At the company, the most important information received from customers is information about transshipment port, vessel name, number of trips, number of containers, container size, and weight of goods.

Request

Export management mechanisms and policies need to be improved to be synchronous, transparent, and to minimize unnecessary requirements for exporting enterprises The change in policies and decrees should be directed at providing information, facilitating exports, reducing costs for businesses, especially continuing to reform and simplify administrative procedures, loosen regulations on customs procedures Strengthening measures to facilitate international payments, quality standards, trade support services to create easier conditions for enterprises to complete export procedures The State needs to have better support, encouragement and monitoring mechanisms to limit the negatives and delays that still exist in State agencies Officials need to have a respectful and welcoming attitude to customers when they come to do transactions Preferential policies should focus on creating favorable conditions for investment, trade and business protection The State needs to have measures to protect and support in policies, laws, and prices to help protect Vietnamese enterprises against the pressures and competition of foreign enterprises. stable, long-term, clear and transparent strategy, creating an open corridor for businesses to operate, when the Party and State issue Resolutions and Decrees the ministries and branches must quickly guide, implemented by circulars, and at the same time, after taking effect, must clearly specify the implementation time, beyond the prescribed time limit, it is recommended to assign the leaders of provinces and cities to have the task of guiding the implementation so that the owners can policies and policies soon came to life Proposed guidelines and policies that are no longer appropriate and do not come into practice need to be quickly and resolutely adjusted to suit the actual situation In addition, the issuance of a circular and policy should be carefully discussed about the reasonableness of implementation for enterprises, avoiding the case of promulgating controversial and unreasonable decrees and circulars and continuously supplementing them supplement the documents amending the issued circular Regarding the regulation of traffic hours, it is perfectly reasonable to prescribe that trucks are not allowed to circulate on some roads during peak hours in order to reduce traffic jams However, agencies should consider supporting businesses with specific products such as fresh goods, frozen goods, and natural products that are allowed to register a certain number of vehicles to ensure quality.goods and reduce the cost of goods in storage Completing the legal system on export trade activities: Our State needs to adjust the legal system so that it becomes more and more strict, complete and transparent to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of the exporters businesses in our country, helping businesses feel more secure in their production and business

4.2 Recommendations to the Ministry of Transport and Communications:

Currently, at the roads near the seaport, every day there is a situation of container trucks stuck in traffic for hours on end Sometimes traffic jams are the cause of delays for import and export shipments.

Therefore, there should be a reasonable investment in site clearance and road expansion Upgrading key traffic routes, reducing regulations on no-load hours to facilitate the circulation of transport vehicles and container trucks.

CONCLUDE The birth and continuous development of import and export enterprises have contributed a lot of benefits to the national economy However, we cannot help but talk about the fierce competition between businesses and the difficulties that import and export businesses are facing Especially for the construction industry, businesses always try to improve constantly to meet the consumption needs of domestic and foreign markets with the best quality standards, the most optimal prices However, in the process of implementation, each enterprise itself has some perfect and incomplete points in the process as well as export operations Recognizing this problem, the topic

"Research to identify factors to improve the process of transporting export goods by container at Phuong Lam flooring company in Hanoi” is an effort to find solutions to help enterprises improve their export operations and improve the efficiency of their operations This thesis is done with a structure of 3 parts: (1) an overview of the general situation of exporters as well as companies, (2) REVIEW OF RELATEDSTUDIES AND LITERATURE (3) RESEARCH METHODS Through research and survey, the author has found out the factors that affect the process of performing export operations at enterprises, and at the same time tries to find solutions to help improve export operations However, due to time and financial constraints and inexperience, the study has not really achieved optimal results Believe that, if you have more time, finance and contact, learn more at the business will help you achieve more complete results.

Samaras, Steven Andrew (2000) Competing upstream: Inbound logistics as a source of competitive advantage ETD collection for University of Nebraska - Lincoln, USA.

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Vũ Thế Bình (2000) Hoàn thiện phương pháp lựa chọn container trong vận tải đa phương thức ở Việt Nam Luận án Tiến sĩ, Trường Đại học Hàng hải.

Nguyễn Hồng Vân (2007), Hoàn thiện thủ tục giao nhận hàng hóa trong vận tải đa phương thức tại Việt Nam Luận án Tiến sĩ, Đại học Hàng hải.

Nomura Research Institute (2002) Vietnam logistics development, trade facilitation and the impact on poverty reduction [Online] Avalabile at https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/ documentdetail/622581468776113788/vietnam-logistics-development-trade- facilitation-and-the-impact-on-poverty-reduction

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