CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

1 Type 1: Real conditions in present or future

IF + S + V(s/es), S + WILL + Vinf

E.g.: If I see her, I’ll give her your letter If I finish my work early, I’ll meet you this evening.

2 Type 2: Unreal conditions in present

IF + S + Ved, S + Would + Vinf

E.g.: If I knew the answer, I would tell you What would you do if you were me?

3 Type 3: Unreal conditions in the past

IF + S + HAD + PP, S + WOULD + HAVE + PP

E.g.: We would have called you if we had had your telephone number.

If he had studied hard, he would have got good marks.

Note: UNLESS = IF … NOT

E.g.: If I have time, I’ll help you => Unless I have time, I won’t help you.

 Other ways of making conditional sentences

- Whether (or not) = if/ if … not; But for = if not

E.g.: Whether he comes with us or not, we will go.

If you hadn’t helped us, we would have been in trouble.

But for your help, we would have been in trouble.

- Otherwise = or if … not

E.g.: She was so busy Otherwise she would have helped me.

- Provided that (miễn là), on the condition that (với điều kiện là), pretend that, supposing/ suppose… = if E.g.: Suppose you won the lottery What would you do first?

The money will be given to you on the condition that you promise to spend it wisely.

Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses

1 He (die) if the surgeon hadn’t operated on him

2 If ice (be) heavier than water, it wouldn’t float

4 If I make a promise, I (keep) it

5 If I followed his advice, I (be) a fool

7 If I see him, I (give) him a gift

8 If I had a typewriter, I (not be) busy

9 What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?

10 He might have understood you if you (speak) more slowly

11 If I (know) that you were ill, I (go) to see you

12 We could have gone out if the weather (not be) so bad

13 They wouldn’t come to the party if you (not invite) them

15 I (buy) a new car if you lent me some money

Exercise 2: Change these following sentences into conditional sentences.

1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

=> If

2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam

If

3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car

=> If

4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough

=> If

5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party

=> If

6) I will get a work permit I will stay for another month

=> If

7) He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy

=> If

8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change

=> If

9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam

=> If

10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes

If

Exercise 3 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

1 If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car

a have /will buy b have / would buy c had/ will buy d had/ would buy

2 If I ………you, I ……….do that

a am/ will b were /would c were/ will d had been/ would

3 If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it

4 I would be very surprised if he………

5 Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down

6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money

7 They would be disappointed if we………

a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come c don’t come d didn’t come

8 Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?

9 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring

10 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened