Danh từ - Cách thành lập danh từ tiếng Anh
Trang 1DANH TỪ
1. Các loại danh từ
a. Danh từ cụ thể
- Danh từ chung: girl, city, country, river, mountain…
- Danh từ riêng: Mary, Hanoi, the Nile…
- Danh từ tập hợp: team, committee, police, family…
- Danh từ chỉ chất liệu: Ciment, gold, oil, plastic…
b. Danh từ trừu tượng: freedom, health, hope, independence, youth…
c. Danh từ đếm được và danh từ không đếm được
- Danh từ đếm được: table, student, apple, house…
- Danh từ không đếm được: water, money, milk, sugar…
d. Danh từ đơn
Cách thành lập danh từ đơn: thêm các hậu tố
- Adj + ness: Goodness, happiness…
- Adj + dom: Freedom, wisdom…
- Adj + th: depth, length, truth…
- Adj + ty: certainty, cruelty…
- Adj + ism: imperialism, socialism…
- Noun + hood: childhood, sisterhood, brotherhood…
- Noun + ship: friendship, relationship…
- Verb + ion/ ation/ sion: pollution, formation, decision…
- Verb + ment: movement, payment…
- Verb + er/ ar/ or: driver, beggar, actor…
- Noun + er: footballer
- Noun/ Verb + yer: lawyer, sawyer…
e. Danh từ ghép
Cách thành lập danh từ ghép
- Noun + Noun: schoolboy, classroom, roommate…
- Adj + Noun: blackboard, sweetheart, madman…
- Verb + Noun: breakfast, pickpocket…
- Gerund + Noun: dinning-room…
- Adv + Verb: income, outbreak…
- Verb + Adv: standstill, drawback…
- Pre/ Adv + Noun: afternoon, overcoat, inside…
- Phrase: mother-in-law, forget-me-not…
Một số danh từ đặc biệt khi thêm số nhiều “s/ es”
Child: children; Foot: feet; Tooth: teeth; Goose: geese; Mouse: mice; Louse: lice; Ox: oxen
Danh từ số nhiều không thay đổi
Aircraft, craft, sheep, deer, swine
2. Chức năng của danh từ
Trang 2a. Làm chủ ngữ: A plane is taking off.
b. Làm bổ ngữ: He is a computer programmer.
c. Làm tân ngữ trực tiếp: He is writing a letter.
d. Làm tân ngữ gián tiếp: He is writing his mother a letter.
e. Làm tân ngữ giới từ: They are talking about the football match.
Exercise 1: Correct forms of the given words
1. He is a bad manager in that factory and everyone is in attempt to (fame) him
2. The Vietnamese people happy to talk about their past and show an amazing resilience and
3. We like Mary She is very nice and (lady)
4. Dolphin, (mammal) species, sometimes jump above the surface of the water
5. The islands have been (west) be growth of tourism
6. Though they are students, their (theater) made a good impression on the local audience
7. Tourists can see many (panorama) views of the ocean and mountain
8. She is so (mind) that she won’t let anything stand in her way of her ambition
Exercise 2: Rewrite sentences
1. Most of the students ignored what the teacher was saying
=> Few
2. He delayed writing the book until he had done a lot of research
=> Only when
3. We shall not announce the decision formally
=> No formal
4. She furiously threw the book across the room
=> Such
5. You have said exactly the right thing (nail)
=>
Exercise 1: Correct forms of the given words
9. He is a bad manager in that factory and everyone is in attempt to (fame) defame
him
Trang 310.The Vietnamese people happy to talk about their past and show an amazing resilience and (forgive) forgiveness
11.We like Mary She is very nice and (lady)
12.Dolphin, (mammal) mamalian species, sometimes jump above the surface of the water
13.The islands have been (west) westernized be growth of tourism
14.Though they are students, their (theater) theatricals made a good impression
on the local audience
15.Tourists can see many (panorama) panoramic views of the ocean and mountain
16.She is so (mind) single-minded that she won’t let anything stand in her way of her ambition
Exercise 2: Rewrite sentences
6. Most of the students ignored what the teacher was saying
=> Few students paid attention to/ took notice of/ listened to what the teacher was saying
7. He delayed writing the book until he had done a lot of research
=> Only when he had done a lot of research did he start/ begin writing the book
8. We shall not announce the decision formally
=> No formal announcement of the decision will be made
9. She furiously threw the book across the room
=> Such was her fury that she threw the book across the room
10.You have said exactly the right thing (nail)
=> You have hit the nail on the head