Application of geospatial technology to assess forest changes in cao phong district, hoa binh province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS PROPOSAL Tittle APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY TO ASSESS FOREST CHANGES IN CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE Major: Advanced Curriculum in Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Student: Bui Nhat An Student ID: 1254040579 Class: K57 -Natural Resources Management Course: 2012 – 2016 Supervisor: Assoc.Prof Phung Van Khoa Dr Nguyen Hai Hoa Ha Noi, 14/10/2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I would like to express sincere gratitude to my mentors Assoc Prof Dr Phung Van Khoa and Dr Nguyen Hai Hoa have supported me in my studies and related research, their patience, motivation and extensive knowledge Thanks to the guidance of the two people who helped me during the research and writing of this thesis I sincerely thank Mr Cuong, Mr Thang and Director Cao Phong FPU Mr Hien I am extremely thankful and grateful to him for sharing experiences, and sincere and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to me I also put on record, my feelings of gratitude to one and all who directly or indirectly, has lent their hand in this venture Hanoi, October/ 2016 Bui Nhat An TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT I, INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of research issues: 1.1.1 Definition: 1.1.3 Map the current status of forest resources: 1.1.4 Forest changes: II, GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES: 11 2.1 Objective Research: 11 2.2 Research content 11 2.2.1 Research forest management situation in Yen Lap, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province: 11 2.2.2 Research mapping forest status and fluctuations in Yen Lap, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province: 11 2.2.3 Research fluctuations cause regional forest research: 11 2.2.4 The study recommended effective measures to improve forest management in Yen Lap: 12 III, STUDY AREA AND DATA: 13 3.1 Study Area: 13 IV METHOD: 15 4.1 Image classification method 15 4.1.1 Image data research use 15 4.1.2 Methods of visual image interpretation 15 4.1.3 Classification method using NDVI images 15 4.1.4 Real investigative methods 16 4.2 Method of mapping the forest area 17 V RESULTS DISCUSSION 5.1 Current status of forest management in Yen Lap Commune, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province : 18 5.2 Results forest changes through the years of research : 19 5.2.1 Results of sample collected: 19 5.2.2 Construction image classification: 26 5.2.3 Map of forest status through years of research: 27 5.3 Causes of regional forest change research : 35 5.3.1 Social and economic factors affecting forest management activities: 35 5.4 Research suggest solutions to improve the efficiency of forest management in Yen Lap: 37 5.4.1 Management solutions for forest protection and forest fire prevention: 37 5.4.2 Solutions for scientific research and technological applications: 38 VI RECOMMENDATION OF THESIS 40 VII CONCLUSIONS 41 7.1 Conclusions 41 7.2 Recommendations for the research and assessment of forest change in Yen Lap commune: 42 VIII REFERENCE I Vietnamese documents: IX APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 sensors Features of Landsat and Landsat (LDCM) Table 1.2 The main application of Landsat Table 4.1 Landsat data collected in the topic 15 Table 5.2: Forest land area Yen Lap Commune over the years studied (ha) 27 Table 5.3 Assessing the accuracy of the maps in 2015 31 Table 5.4 Assessment of the map precision, 1995, 2005 31 Table 5.5 The forest change area stages from 1995 to 2005 31 Table 5.6 The forest change area stages from 2005 to 2015………………………….…… 33 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Location of the Yen Lac commune in Cao Phong District 14 Figure 4.1 The steps to build maps of forest cover and change 17 Figure 5.1: Results NDVI study area in 2015 26 Figure 5.2: Map the spatial distribution of forest status study area (Landsat 1995) 28 Figure 5.3: Map the spatial distribution of forest status study area (Landsat 2005)……… 29 Figure 5.4: Map the spatial distribution of forest status study area (Landsat 2015)…… 30 Figure 5.5 Map of forest cover in the period 1995 - 2005 32 Figure 5.6 Chart of YEN LAP commune forest changes in 1995 – 2005 33 Figure 5.7 Map of forest cover in the period 2005-2015 34 Figure 5.8 Chart of YEN LAP commune forest changes in 2005 - 2015 35 ABSTRACT Thesis: “APPLICATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY TO ASSESS FOREST CHANGE IN CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE” Students implementation: Bui Nhat An Instructors: PGS Phung Van Khoa T.S Nguyễn Hải Hòa Research objectives: Goal: Contribute to the scientific basis for the application of remote sensing and GIS technology to propose solutions to improve the management of forests in Yen Lap Commune, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province Objective: - Assessing the current state of forests in Yen Lap - Proposed solutions to effectively contribute to improving forest management in Yen Lap Research content: Research to assess the status of forest management in Yen Lap, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province - Forest management activities in the buffer zone area of research - Forest area and distribution space research area - The forms of forest management with the participation of local people study area Studies assessing changes in forest area of Yen Lap - Mapping forest cover changes over the years studied (1995, 2005 and 2015) - Mapping forest cover changes over the study period - The rating change causes forest area over the period studied Studies assessing the factors affecting forest management - Assessment of factors affecting forest policies to forest management activities the study area - Evaluate the population, society: The development of population and population density - Assessing the impact of infrastructure quality: The quality of roads, about the roads to forest areas to distribution - Assessing the impact of scientific and technological factors, effective techniques to forest management research areas Research suggest solutions to improve the efficiency of forest management at the commune - Economic - social solutions group - Group technical solutions, science and technology The results achieved: Research results on the status of forest management in the area of the subject has shown that the management of forest protection still faced many difficulties due to the poor people's lives, people are not fully aware of the responsibility management and protection of forest resources, not timely capture the policies of the Party and the State on forests and forest land, or even indifferent, failing to take measures to prevent the exploitation of forest products, hunting wild animals in an area of forests and forest land allocated From the application of remote sensing and GIS technology topics have successfully built a database and maps of the forest in 1995, 2005, 2015, map changes in forest resources and forest land 1995-2005, 2005 to 2015 for Yen Lap commune By means of the application of remote sensing technology and GIS Landsat This study evaluated changes in forest resources is faster, saves time, effort and ensures a relatively high accuracy (82.3%) The study results showed that the study area is relatively well preserved, the area of forest land have continuous forest, 1995-2005, 2005-2015 is 463.89 lost The forest area is decreasing over the period However, the results show that there is still a part of the area of forest land has not been used Research results on the status of forest management in the area of the subject has shown that the management of forest protection at the difficulties faced by poor people's lives, people are not fully aware of the responsibility responsible for management and protection of forest resources, not timely capture the policies of the Party and the state of forests and forest land, or even indifferent, failing to take measures to prevent the exploitation of forest products, hunting catch wild animals in the forest area and forest land allocated Causes of decline forest research area is due to adverse effects of local people on forest resources and by the economic policy - society does not work, has not improved the lives of people From the results collected, investigations have shown the difficulties and advantages in management, protection of forest resources at the same lifetime propose appropriate solutions to management On this basis, the project has set out some solutions for a sustainable development of forest land areas of study include: - Solution Management organization - Management Solutions forest protection and forest fire prevention - Solutions for scientific research and technological applications - Solutions for Land Management - Solutions to attract investment I, INTRODUCTION Forest is the extremely precious resources of each nation The value of the forest resources depends on the their function and proper use Forest is gold if there are management solution to protect and develop it effectively This problem needs more considerate, specially in this time, forest resources are being reduced seriously It affects our ecology and stable development To protect our forest, Vietnam and worldwide issued many politics, law, decree… and to make them become more and more effective, we need more support in technique and technology Nowadays, the development of science and technology we need satellite images and remote sensing GIS to support human in researching forest movements and propose management methods about the environment and natural resources without direct contact Satellite data has multi time, multi spectral, cover vast area quality, which allow us to update information and research quickly, effectively It also help us to save time and labor By using satellite images in researching current status and forest resource movements proved prominent advantage in updating information and analyzing movements The using of high pixel satellite images in management resources is the new step in planning natural forest resources Yen Lap commute, Cao Phong district, which locates in the south west of Hoa Binh province, has various natural and economical condition Besides, it has many eco-tourist attractions and resorts But forest area has been reduced in recent years for many objective and subjective reasons We can confirm that forest movements have impact on this local resource management and protection At the present, there is no student thesis on application of landsat satellite images and GIS in evaluating current status of forest resource in buffer zones of Yen Lap commute, Cao Phong District, Hoa Binh province Therefore, there is a limitation of space and time data in this local area Application of landsat satellite images and GIS can provide local data for many years It will be scientific basis with high reliability In researching and proposing management methods to develop forest resources stably in buffer zones of Yen Lap commute VIII REFERENCE I Vietnamese documents: Chu Thị Bình (2001), Ứng dụng cơng nghệ tin học để khai thác thông tin tư liệu viễn thám, nhằm phục vụ việc nghiên cứu số đặc điểm rừng Việt Nam, Luận án tiến sĩ, Trường ĐH Mỏ Địa chất, Hà Nội Dương Tiến Đức (2008), Nghiên cứu ứng dụng công nghệ viền thám hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS) việc đánh giá quản lý trạng tài nguyên rừng thuộc vùng phịng hộ sơng Đà, Viện Khoa học Lâm nghiệp Việt Nam Đỗ Anh Tuấn (2001), Nghiên cứu ột số ngu ên t c giải há quản l ả t n thiên nhiên L Thái Sơn (2012), át ghiên cứu ứng dụng ảnh vệ tinh h n bố n ng h , hu ện hu thụ c cb n c u ên, t nh - để ác định trạng thái rừng nh L Văn Trung, (2005), Viễn Thám, NXB Đại học Quốc gia Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh, TP Hồ Chí Minh Nguyễn Đình Dương, (2004), Study on land cover change in Vietnam for the period 2001-2003 using MODIS 32 day composite Proceedings of the 14th Nguyễn Hải Tuất, Vũ Tiến Hinh, Ngô Kim Khôi (2006), Phân tích thống kê lâm nghiệp NXB Nơng nghiệp Hà Nội Nguyễn Khắc Thời (năm 2011) Giáo trình Viễn thám ĐHNN, Hà Nội Nguyễn Ngọc Bình (chủ biên) (2006), C m nang ngành lâm nghiệp hương: ông tác điều tra rừng Việt Nam, Bộ NN&PTNT, Chương trình hỗ trợ ngành lâm nghiệp đối tác, Hà Nội 10 Nguyễn Đình Đại (2013), Nghiên cứu số giải pháp quản lý bền vững tài nguyên rừng xã nằm Vườn Quốc Gia Hoàng Liên - t nh Lào Cai 11 Nguyễn Quốc Khánh, Nguyễn Thanh Nga (2007), Ứng dụng công nghệ viễn thám GIS thành lập đ biến động lớp ph thực vật rừng đảo Phú Quốc, thời kỳ 1996 - 2001 - 2006, Báo cáo hội thảo quốc tế sử dụng công nghệ vũ trụ cho quản lý rừng bảo vệ môi trường, Hà Nội 12 Nguyễn Thị Hà My (2015) Nghiên cứu ứng dụng ảnh vệ tinh L nds t để xác định th đổi diện tích rừng huyện n, hu ện Ngọc Hiển c a t nh Cà Mau 13 Nguyễn Thị Phương (2003), Nghiên cứu tác động c a cộng đ ng địa hương tr ng v ng đệ đến tài nguyên rừng VQG Ba Vì, Hà Tây, Luận văn thạc sỹ khoa học Lâm nghiệp, Trường Đại học Lâm nghiệp 14 Nguyễn Xu n Trung Hiếu (2013) Ứng dụng Viễn thá đ biến động l ại thực h đị bàn hành hố uế – nh thành lậ hiên uế 15 Vũ Tiến Hinh, Phạm Ngọc Giao (1997), iá trình điều tra rừng, NXB 16 Vương Văn Quỳnh (2005), Nghiên cứu giải pháp phòng chống kh c phục hậu cháy rừng cho vùng U minh Tây Nguyên, Đề tài cấp nhà nước KC08.24 thuộc Chương trình bảo vệ mơi trường phịng tránh thiên tai, Bộ KH&CN, Hà Nội 17 Thủ tướng phủ, (2006), Quyết định c a th tướng ph số việc phê duyệt chương trình điều tr đánh giá the dõi diễn biến tài nguyên rừng toàn quốc thời kỳ 2006 - 2010, Hà Nội II Foreign language documents: 18 Bodart et al (2009) Global monitoring of tropical forest cover changes by means of a sample approach and object - based classification of multi scene landsat imagery 19.Devendra Kumar, 2011 “Monitoring forest cover changes using sensing and GIS, Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 20 Dutt, Udayalakshmt, Sdhasivaih (1994), Role of remote sensing in forest management - India 21 J.Zarco-Tejada, Louise Dextraze (2002), Integrated narrow-band vegetation indices for prediction of crop chlorophyll content for application to precision agriculture Remote Sensing of Enviroment 81: 416 - 426 22.Hansen DeFries (2004), Land Use Change and Biodiversity: A Synthesis of Rates and Consequences during the Period of Satellite Imagery 23 Su-Fen Wang, Chi-Chuan Cheng, Yeong - Kuan Chen, 2004 Forest cover type classification using Spot and Spot Images 24 Tamara Bellone, Piero Boccardo and Francesca Perez (2009), Investigation of vegetation dynamics using long - term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index time - series American Jounral of Enviroment Sciences 5: 460-466 25 Yuji Imaizumi (2001), Data and Information collection for sustainable forest management in Japan IX APPENDICES Appendices 1: Questionnaires discuss district agencies Business district forest protection Các mối đe doạ tài nguyên rừng Không Phát triển sở hạ tầng x Người đến nhập cư x Phát triển dân số x Khai thác gỗ trái phép x Buôn bán lâm sản x Mở rộng đất lâm nghiệp Phát nương lầm rẫy x Cháy rừng x Trình trạng khơng quản lý Các chương trình dự án x Các vấn đề khác: phát triển x có múi Độ nghiêm Các biện pháp khắc trọng (1- 5) phục (Nếu có) Có Learn the best way to protect forests Mức độ ưu tiên Các hoạt động Các ý kiến khác Cao Hợp đồng giao rừng cho TB Thấp x hộ gia đình bảo vệ Khai thác mang tính chất x thương mại có quản lý Hợp đồng giao rừng cho x thôn bảo vệ Bảo vệ nghiên ngặt/thực thi x pháp luật Dựa vào thể chế địa phưong để quản lý rừng sở cộng đồng Các biện pháp khác x Appendices 2: Questionnaires commune officials discussed General information Dân số Tổng dân số: Nam: Nữ: 2147 Lao động: Thành phần dân tộc: Số hộ 1250 Mường, Kinh 526 Threats to forests and appropriate management Các hoạt động đe doạ Khơng Có đến rừng Xây dựng sở hạ tầng Người đến nhập cư Phát triển dân số x Khai thác gỗ trái phép để x buôn bán gỗ Mở rộng đất lâm nghiệp Tập tục phát nương lầm rẫy x Cháy rừng x Trình trạng khơng quản lý Các chương trình dự án x Các vấn đề khác: x Độ nghiêm Các biện pháp khắc trọng (1- 5) phục Learn the best way to protect forests Mức độ ưu tiên Các hoạt động Các ý kiến khác Cao Hợp đồng giao rừng cho TB Thấp x hộ gia đình bảo vệ Khai thác mang tính chất x thương mại có quản lý Hợp đồng giao rừng cho x thôn bảo vệ Bảo vệ nghiên ngặt/thực thi x pháp luật Dựa vào thể chế địa phưong để quản lý rừng sở cộng đồng Các biện pháp khác x ALL POINTS COLLECTED BY GPS ID X Y Status 20.66158 105.37781 Forest 20.65992 105.38117 Forest 20.65790 105.37854 Forest 20.65779 105.38636 Forest 20.65583 105.38723 Forest 20.64936 105.39056 Forest 20.64859 105.39345 Forest 20.65027 105.39512 Forest 20.64705 105.39204 Forest 10 20.64313 105.39028 Forest 11 20.64174 105.39125 Forest 12 20.63826 105.39329 Forest 13 20.65210 105.38506 Forest 14 20.63954 105.36216 Forest 15 20.63750 105.36780 Forest 16 20.62979 105.37545 Forest 17 20.65718 105.36346 Forest 18 20.65717 105.36041 Forest 19 20.65550 105.36004 Forest 20 20.65010 105.35326 Forest 21 20.64995 105.35887 Forest 22 20.64016 105.35769 Forest 23 20.64321 105.35226 Forest 24 20.64049 105.34405 Forest 25 20.63525 105.34065 Forest 26 20.63314 105.34114 Forest 27 20.63504 105.35072 Forest 28 20.62843 105.36281 Forest 29 20.62561 105.34831 Forest 30 20.62434 105.34915 Forest 31 20.62496 105.34715 Forest 32 20.62528 105.34184 Forest 33 20.62415 105.34124 Forest 34 20.62146 105.35885 Forest 35 20.62637 105.35789 Forest 36 20.63560 105.36652 Forest 37 20.63529 105.35897 Forest 38 20.63779 105.34341 Forest 39 20.62804 105.35185 Forest 40 20.63373 105.38645 Forest 41 20.63452 105.38922 Forest 42 20.63459 105.39175 Forest 43 20.63602 105.39381 Forest 44 20.63793 105.39550 Forest 45 20.63497 105.39658 Forest 46 20.64093 105.39618 Forest 47 20.64067 105.38936 Forest 48 20.64466 105.38346 Forest 49 20.64757 105.39436 Forest 50 20.65168 105.39161 Forest 51 20.65245 105.39274 Forest 52 20.65163 105.38645 Forest 53 20.65395 105.38569 Forest 54 20.65507 105.38841 Forest 55 20.65585 105.38353 Forest 56 20.65706 105.37290 Forest 57 20.65058 105.37454 Forest 58 20.64831 105.37344 Forest 59 20.64737 105.37157 Forest 60 20.64414 105.37056 Forest 61 20.64228 105.37106 Forest 62 20.64293 105.36625 Forest 63 20.64476 105.36137 Forest 64 20.64763 105.36031 Forest 65 20.64991 105.35687 Forest 66 20.65442 105.36540 Forest 67 20.65875 105.36793 Forest 68 20.66246 105.37495 Forest 69 20.66202 105.36497 Forest 70 20.66021 105.36591 Forest 71 20.66016 105.36395 Forest 72 20.65517 105.37323 Forest 73 20.64986 105.38391 Forest 74 20.64737 105.38344 Forest 75 20.64423 105.37400 Forest 76 20.64515 105.38808 Forest 77 20.64412 105.39275 Forest 78 20.63884 105.38511 Forest 79 20.63649 105.37833 Forest 80 20.63744 105.36130 Forest 81 20.64869 105.38608 Forest 82 20.64827 105.37152 Forest 83 20.65550 105.36004 Forest 84 20.63880 105.36626 Forest 85 20.62997 105.37689 Forest 86 20.63876 105.39121 Forest 87 20.63688 105.34340 Forest 88 20.62253 105.35877 Forest 89 20.61187 105.34678 Forest 90 20.61106 105.34469 Forest 91 20.60930 105.34485 Forest 92 20.60259 105.34887 Forest 93 20.61223 105.35110 Forest 94 20.61905 105.33959 Forest 95 20.62842 105.33908 Forest 96 20.63416 105.34098 Forest 97 20.63674 105.34129 Forest 98 20.64135 105.34139 Forest 99 20.63889 105.34155 Forest 100 20.64170 105.35730 Forest 101 20.66369 105.37014 DTK 102 20.66385 105.37219 DTK 103 20.66217 105.37217 DTK 104 20.66118 105.37034 DTK 105 20.66132 105.37192 DTK 106 20.65829 105.37550 DTK 107 20.65780 105.37704 DTK 108 20.66151 105.38300 DTK 109 20.65143 105.38931 DTK 110 20.64700 105.39766 DTK 111 20.64085 105.39864 DTK 112 20.63687 105.38855 DTK 113 20.63606 105.38796 DTK 114 20.63390 105.38327 DTK 115 20.64189 105.37918 DTK 116 20.63844 105.37797 DTK 117 20.64739 105.38079 DTK 118 20.65244 105.38372 DTK 119 20.64685 105.38518 DTK 120 20.65536 105.37550 DTK 121 20.65489 105.37170 DTK 122 20.65241 105.37236 DTK 123 20.64935 105.36933 DTK 124 20.64698 105.36851 DTK 125 20.65765 105.36707 DTK 126 20.65890 105.36127 DTK 127 20.65323 105.35894 DTK 128 20.64919 105.36213 DTK 129 20.65078 105.35172 DTK 130 20.64673 105.35077 DTK 131 20.64569 105.35422 DTK 132 20.64190 105.35862 DTK 133 20.63991 105.36154 DTK 134 20.63691 105.36592 DTK 135 20.63247 105.36487 DTK 136 20.63321 105.36206 DTK 137 20.62748 105.36089 DTK 138 20.62938 105.36157 DTK 139 20.63057 105.35951 DTK 140 20.63135 105.35612 DTK 141 20.62950 105.35505 DTK 142 20.62777 105.35534 DTK 143 20.64550 105.34955 DTK 144 20.64238 105.34650 DTK 145 20.64128 105.35274 DTK 146 20.63720 105.34540 DTK 147 20.63622 105.34511 DTK 148 20.64009 105.33925 DTK 149 20.63689 105.34011 DTK 150 20.63045 105.34150 DTK 151 20.63175 105.34089 DTK 152 20.63044 105.33848 DTK 153 20.63130 105.34238 DTK 154 20.62894 105.34891 DTK 155 20.62936 105.34850 DTK 156 20.62631 105.35889 DTK 157 20.62640 105.34732 DTK 158 20.62720 105.34222 DTK 159 20.62529 105.33908 DTK 160 20.62911 105.34363 DTK 161 20.61938 105.35122 DTK 162 20.61886 105.34974 DTK 163 20.62150 105.35434 DTK 164 20.63569 105.36407 DTK 165 20.62998 105.36921 DTK 166 20.64900 105.35012 DTK 167 20.64715 105.34977 DTK 168 20.62974 105.34727 DTK 169 20.62610 105.34275 DTK 170 20.63021 105.34045 DTK 171 20.62943 105.34919 DTK 172 20.62953 105.34331 DTK 173 20.65198 105.36490 DTK 174 20.63743 105.36589 DTK 175 20.63765 105.37060 DTK 176 20.64023 105.37077 DTK 177 20.64107 105.37828 DTK 178 20.64485 105.37792 DTK 179 20.65053 105.38038 DTK 180 20.64280 105.39722 DTK 181 20.66025 105.38242 DTK 182 20.66055 105.37286 DTK 183 20.64070 105.35371 DTK 184 20.63153 105.33953 DTK 185 20.62344 105.34323 DTK 186 20.61987 105.34670 DTK 187 20.61490 105.34709 DTK 188 20.61367 105.34998 DTK 189 20.60910 105.34782 DTK 190 20.60765 105.34651 DTK 191 20.60763 105.35046 DTK 192 20.61243 105.34180 DTK 193 20.61288 105.34344 DTK 194 20.63293 105.35170 DTK 195 20.63784 105.35637 DTK 196 20.64281 105.36375 DTK 197 20.63087 105.37325 DTK 198 20.65411 105.36290 DTK 199 20.66283 105.37741 DTK 200 20.65416 105.39145 DTK