weidong huang - handbook of human centric visualization

WeidongHuang Editor Handbook of Human Centric Visualization Handbook of Human Centric Visualization http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield Weidong Huang Editor Handbook of Human Centric Visualization Foreword by Peter Eades 123 Editor Weidong Huang CSIRO ICT Centre Marsfield, NSW, Australia ISBN 978-1-4614-7484-5 ISBN 978-1-4614-7485-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7485-2 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013943009 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword Visualization research promises to help humans to explore and comprehend infor- mation, thus making vast stores of data useful to humankind. Much of this visualization research follows a simple pattern: (1) “here is an important data set,” (2) “here is a picture of this data set,” (3) “wow, the picture looks cool!” Huang’s book does contain some of the world’s coolest pictures of data. But the book goes further: it considers the much deeper questions of how humans read visualizations, and why we use visualization. The very nature of visualization is examined. Visualization is not just a technology; it is a human communication mechanism. In particular, the question of what kind of scientific methodology should be used to evaluate visualizations is considered in detail. Such topics are beyond the gamut of Computer Science, and can only be answered by a multidisciplinary approach. The book has chapters written by researchers in a variety of disciplines, from psychologyto business, from philosophy to engineering. The book is revolutionary in its scale and breadth. Peter Eades September 3, 2012. v Preface We visualize data for human appreciation and understanding. In other words, all visualizations are meant to be human centric. However, human centric visualizations do not come automatically. To ensure that a visualization is human centric, we need proper theories and principles to guide the process of the visualization design. Once the visualization is produced, we need methods and measures to verify whether the design objectives are indeed achieved. Rapid advances in display technology and computer power have enabled researchers and practitioners to produce visually appealing pictures. However, the effectiveness of those pictures in conveying the embedded information to end users has been relatively less explored. Handbook of Human Centric Visualization aims to contribute to the human side of the visualization research. It addresses issues related to design, evaluation, and application of visualizations. Topics include visualization theories, design principles, evaluation methods and metrics, human factors, interaction methods, and case studies. This cutting-edge book is an edited volume whose contributors include well-established researchers worldwide, from diverse disciplines including psychology, education, visualization, and human-computer interaction. This book consists of twenty-nine chapters, which are grouped into the following seven parts: I. Visual Communication II. Theory and Science III. Principles, Guidelines, and Recommendations IV. Methods V. Perception and Cognition VI. Dynamic Visualization VII. Interaction The main features of this book can be summarized as follows: 1. Provides a comprehensive overview of human centric visualization 2. Represents latest developments and current trends in the field vii viii Preface 3. Presents visualization theories 4. Covers design principles and guidelines 5. Presents evaluation methodologies and case studies 6. Includes contributions from leading experts and active researchers from a range of disciplines This book is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners, lecturers, and researchers working in the field of computer graphics, visualization, human-computer interaction and psychology. Undergraduate and postgraduate stu- dents in science and engineering focused on this topic will also find this book useful as a comprehensive textbook or reference. Weidong Huang Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Weidong Huang, CSIRO, Australia International Advisory Board Margaret Burnett, Oregon State University, USA Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, USA Philip Cox, Dalhousie University, Canada Mary Czerwinski, Microsoft Research, USA Joseph H. Goldberg, Oracle, USA John Howse, University of Brighton, UK Mao Lin Huang, University of Technology Sydney, Australia Andreas Kerren, Linnaeus University, Sweden Christof K ¨ orner, University of Graz, Austria David H. Laidlaw, Brown University, USA Giuseppe Liotta, University of Perugia, Italy Richard K. Lowe, Curtin University, Australia Katerina Mania, Technical University of Crete, Greece Kim Marriott, Monash University, Australia Helen Purchase, University of Glasgow, UK Mary Beth Rosson, Penn State University, USA Jack van Wijk, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands ix [...]... Department of Psychology Bldg 420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 9430 5-2 130, USA e-mail: btversky@stanford.edu W Huang (ed.), Handbook of Human Centric Visualization, DOI 10.1007/97 8-1 -4 61 4-7 48 5-2 1, © Springer ScienceCBusiness Media New York 2014 3 4 B Tversky into words joined by rules into utterances, in fact, other channels of communication carry significant aspects of meaning,... is two-dimensional, though it allows conveying three and more dimensions Conceptually, the two dimensions of a page are defined with respect to a viewer’s frame of reference and a page oriented horizontally, left-right and top-bottom (or up-down) (cf [6, 8]) Conceptually, there is also a page -centric frame of reference: center, periphery We begin with an early, basic organization of the space of a page... University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Dominique L Scapin Research interests: user-centred design, human- computer interaction INRIA Rocquencourt, Le Chesnay Cedex, France Katharina Scheiter Knowledge Media Research Center, T¨ bingen, Germany u Kamran Sedig Research interests: human- centred informatics; interactive visualizations; visual analytics; human- information interaction; design of cognitive... instructional design, animations, motor skills University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Jian Chen Research interests: human- centred computing issues in scientific visualization, information visualization, and three-dimensional user-interaction University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, USA Matthew Cooper Research interests: interactive visualization and virtual and augmented reality Link¨... are important, that need to be included in the external representation, and eliminating those that do not The uses of maps range widely, road maps, weather maps, maps of spread of populations of people, of plants, of diseases, maps for hiking, for surveillance of water, of earthquakes, of soil quality, and more The features that are essential to include vary with the use; for some uses, mountains can... of vision reinforce center–periphery Rep- resenting orders entails selection of spatial dimension as well as selection of a direction within a dimension, issues to be discussed in the following sections 2.3.2 Central-Peripheral A center-outward organization reflects the organization of the retina, with the fovea, the point of greatest acuity, at the center Acuity, hence attention, is at the center of. .. the center That people organize space center-outwards seems inevitable Just like the toddler placing her face smack in the middle of someone’s field of view, putting something in the center of a page puts it liter- ally and figuratively in the center of focus of the eye and of attention Symbolic centers are ubiquitous, from the angels around God to the etiquette of seating arrangements at a formal dinner... theory, instructional design, training of complex cognitive and motor skills, multimedia learning, embodied cognition Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands University of Wollongong, Sydney, Australia Paul Parsons Research interests: human- centred informatics; interactive visualizations; visual analytics; human- information interaction; design of cognitive activity support tools Western... notion of “upright” to the page It is such a compelling organization of space that upside down pictures are harder to recognize and remember, and especially faces of individuals, stimuli of special significance in our lives (e.g., [17, 59, 109]) When placed horizontally, as on a table or desk, the actual space of the page conflicts with the actual surrounding space as the ground-to-sky bottom-totop dimension... practical consequences; north-up maps are easier for many judgments (e.g., [124]) Maps are one of the most ancient, modern, and widespread means of visual communication, and serve as an illustrative paradigm for many aspects of visual communication Ancient as they are, maps represent remarkable feats of the human mind, the products of powerful mental transformations Although human experience is primarily . Weidong Huang Editor Handbook of Human Centric Visualization Handbook of Human Centric Visualization http://avaxhome.ws/blogs/ChrisRedfield Weidong Huang Editor Handbook of Human Centric Visualization Foreword. Centric Visualization Foreword by Peter Eades 123 Editor Weidong Huang CSIRO ICT Centre Marsfield, NSW, Australia ISBN 97 8-1 -4 61 4-7 48 4-5 ISBN 97 8-1 -4 61 4-7 48 5-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/97 8-1 -4 61 4-7 48 5-2 Springer. effectiveness of those pictures in conveying the embedded information to end users has been relatively less explored. Handbook of Human Centric Visualization aims to contribute to the human side of the visualization