THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
DAI HOC Q U d c GIA HA NOI TRUbNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN VAN HOC CACH MANG VlfeX NAM NHIN Ttr GOC D G I A O LUXJ VA H I NHAP \6l TUt GlOl (De tai nghien cufu cap Dai hoc Quoc gia) MA SO CB 04 17, Ho va ten chu tri de tai: PGS, TS NGUYEN BA THANH H A NOI THANG 9-2005 MUC LUC M6DAU Trang3 ChucfngI KHAT VONG GIAO LUU vA HOI NHAP V6l THE GICJl THEO TINH THAN DAN CHU VA CACH MANG (Giai dean 1900-1945) LI Khai niem van hoc each mang Viet Nam 1.2 Tu tuang nhan van va khoa hoc tay phuong vao Viet Nam qua van tha cuacac chi si each mang 15 1.3 Cam xuc d6ng chung va dong chau van tho each mang dau the ky XX 24 1.4 Yeu to nhan loai, yeu to loan c^u cac truyen ky ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc nhung nam 1920 33 1.5 Hinh anh each mang the gi6i va nam chau tho cac chien si c6ng san nhung nam 1930 41 ChuongU GIAO LUU VA HOI NHAP V(3l THE GI61 THEO QUAN DIEM TINH THAN QUOC TE V6 SAN (Giai doan 1945-1985) , MAC-XIT n.l Phe phan va ngan chan nhung anh huomg cua tu tuong van nghe phuofng Tay hien dai n.2 Phucmg phap sang lac hien thuc xa hoi chi nghTam6t cuoc hoi nhap theo y thiic he n.3 Du nhap he thong ly luin van hoc Nga Xo-viet vao Viet Nam nhung nam 1955-1985 n.4 Van hoc Nga Xo-viel-mot thii vii tinh than cua ngucri Viet Nam n.5 Van hoc Viet Nam b nu6c ngoai nhung nam 1945-1985 VA 48 "° 85 96 122 Chuongin GIAO LUU VA HOI NHAP V6l THE GICJl THEO QUAN DIEM DA DANG HOA, DA PHUONG HOA (Giai doan 1986-2005) III.l Mot ihai dai chung song hoa binh cua cac quan diem van nghe khac va su du nhap cac tac pham van hoc nuac ngoai theo quan diem da dang hoa in.2 Nhung yeu cau m6i cua giao liru van hoc hien 136 166 THAY Ldl KET LUAN TAI LIEU DA TRICH DAN TRONG DE TAI CB.04.17 192 194 M6DAU Cdch mang la nguySn nhSn sSu xa cua moi su d6i thay to I6n va sSu sic b Viet Nam g ^ ni6t tram nam qua Hal chu each mang da tham nhap vao dcfi song tinh th&i cua ngu&i Vidt Nam tilr nhung nam d£u the ky XX ma den dSu the ky XXI van CO ihi lay dong tim cua hang chuc trieu ngucd, Hon 11.500.000 ngucri tham gia vi6't bai du thi tim hi^u lich sir Nha nude each mang nhan dip ky niem 60 nam Cach mang thang Tam (2/9/2005) la mot bang chiing sinh d6ng ve tinh cam cua nguoi Vidt Nam doi vol each mang, d6'i vdi Dang c6ng san Dang Cong san, Cach mang v6 san ve ban chSit da mang m6t y nghia quoc te, y nghia nhan loai ban Aan noi ham ciia cac khai niem Dang Cong san Viet Nam ma ten goi ddu tidn la Dang Cong san Dong Duofng da dod phong trao Cong san Quoc 16' Phong trao each mang b Viet Nam noi chung va van hoc each mang Viet Nam noi rieng da hudng vi nhan loai, hudng vi cac gia tri nhan van ma cac cuoc each mang b cac nu6c My, Anh, Phap, Nga da dat dugc tru6c Do do, ve ban chat, van hoc each mang Vi6t Nam da tham gia vao qua trinh hoi nhap vdi nhan loai tiikhinomdiradofi Trong nhieu tac phdm ciia cac nha each mang tiJf dau the ky XX da boc lo mot khat vong giao luu va hoi nhap v6i th6' gidi The gidi duac hieu theo nghia rong tire la loan cau Nhung tuf nhu dia cau, nam chau, nhan loai da di vao tha ca each mang, thay the cho cac khai niem nhu thien ha, td" hai, bach tinh tho ca thai trung dai Phuong Dong, Chau A dugc cac nha tha each mang nhin nhan the ddi sanh vdi Phuong Tay, chau Au, chau My Cac tu tuang khoa hoc va nhan van lay phuong da dugc du nhap vao Viet Nam, nhung quan niem ve dan quyen, nhan quy6n, dan chu da dugc van hoc each mang dau the ky ho hao, truy6n ba Cam xiic dong chung va dong chau, lay mau da lam tieu chi doan ket, dua vao cac nude phuong Dong da vang lam ch6 dua de giai phong dat nude Do chinh la mot mau sic mdi ciia tu tuang yeu nude giai doan dau the ky XX Tu tuang dong chung va dong chau a'y la mot bieu hien cua su hoa nhap vdi nhan loai theo bac thang gia tri nhan chung hoc Yeu to nhan loai, yeu 16' loan cau the hien ra't ro cac tac pham van hoc ciia Nguyen Ai Quoc nhiJng nam 1920 Co the noi, ve phuong dien truyen ba van hoc, van hoa Viet Nam nude ngoai dudi dang cac hlnh tugng van hoc, Ho Chi MinhNguyen Quoc la mot nhOng vj lien phong Nhan vat cac tac pham van hoc viet bang tieng Phap ciia Nguyen Quoc la nhung nhan vat mang tinh nhan loai, nghia la cd quoc tich ciia T£I nhieu nude: tur Hai Ba Trung, Rian B6i ChSu, Tdng Duy Tan ciia Viet Nam den cac vi toan b xd Da-h6-may va Thi trudng Cook cua Ai-ra-Ien Nhin mdt each toan dien, tilr he thdng nhan vat, tir cam hdng chii dao, i\( khdng gian nghe thuat, khong gian van hoa, tit gdc d6 the loai van hoc cac lac pham ciia Nguyen Qu6c-H6 Chi Minh nhung nam 1920 da that su di vao qui dao mdi, thoat khoi cai vii tru quan nho giao va khu vuc ma vuon tdi tinh toan ciu Nhung nam 1930-1945, van hoc each mang Viet Nam lai cd nhieu tmi han vice du nhap cac quan diem van hoc tie'n b6 va each mang ciia phuong Tay vao Viet Nam Cac quan niem nhu chu nghia ta thuc, phe binh hien thuc, chii nghia lang man, van chuong each mang, van hoc binh dan da dh\ din dugc hinh tioag tu ly luan ciia cac nha ly luan van hoc va my hoc mac-xit b Viet Nam Tif sau Cach mang thang Tam, van hoc each mang budc vao mot thdi ky mdi, thdi ky cua nhung cuoc khang chien keo dai De hoan nhiem vu thoi chie'n ciia minh, van hoc each mang luon luon canh giac vdi cac quan diem van hoc hien dai phuong Tay Chii nghia hien thuc xa hoi chii nghia la phuong phap sang tac d5c ton Van hoc cac nude xa h6i chii nghia ma chii ye'u la van hoc Nga dugc du nhap va Viet Nam m6l each at Giao luu va hoi nhap ciia van hoc Viet Nam vdi van hoc the' gidi dugc gidi han chii yeu cong dong cac nude xa hoi chii nghia va cac nude A, V\\\, My-Latinh Nhung tac pham ciia cac nude Tay Au va My dugc dich va gidi thicu a Viet Nam liic bay gid phan nhieu la van hoc c6 dien va cac tac phdm mang fun hudng phe phan hien thuc Trong d Mien Nam, van hoc My va cac nude lay Au lai dugc gidi thieu nhieu Thdi ky 1945-1975 cung la thai ky van hoc Viet Nam dugc gidi thieu nhieu d cac nude xa hoi chii nghia, dac biet la d Nga Tu nam 1986 trd di, van hoc Viet Nam da md rgng quan he giao luu vdi nhieu nude va tlico mot phuong thiic mdi Khong hoan loan tinh than quoc te v6 san hay tinh luhi nghi chi phdi ma quyen Igi quoc gia, dan toe cQa mdi ben Hoac la quyen Igi (liiiih tri, hoac la quyen Igi van hoa, kinh te Quan diem da dang hoa, da phuong lioa quan he ngoai giao da tao dieu kien cho qua irinh giao luu van hoc v,iai doan mdi cd them nhieu tuu Cd the noi, nay, cac tu tudng, cac quan niem van nghe khac dang song song ton tai va chung song hoa binh tren dat tiudc la Dong thdi vdi viec md rong giao luu, da dang hoa va da phuong hoa nhu the, doi hoi ve chieu sau, doi hoi ve cha't lugng ciia giao luu van hoc cung cao h(tn Trudc hcl, la chat lugng djch Ihual cac lac pham van hoc Chua noi la ([iia irlnh hoa nhap yeu cau phai cha'p hanh cac dieu khoan ciia Cong udc Berne ve ban quyen va viec dam phan de' cd dugc cac tac pham nguyen ban khong phai la luc iiao cuns thuan lai Co th^ ndi, so vdi tnrdcl985, tW nay, s5 lugng cac tac phdm van hoc Viet Nam c6 mat b nude ngoai da tang iSn r& nhi^u Dang chu y la d My da c6 nhung tuyen tap van xudi rSt Idn, hSu h6t cac truyen dugc dich va gidi thieu la cac tac p h ^ van hoc hien dai va each mang Nhflng tac p h ^ van hoc giai doan each mang da dugc dich va xu& ban b nhieu nude tren the'gidi Trong dd dang chu y nhat 1& b My, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc Cd the ndi, day la nhOng ddi tac giao lim ra't quan ciia van hoc Vidt Nam giai doan hien Dl tai 'Van hoc cdch mang Viet Nam nhin tic gdc giao luu va hoi nhap qudc te£ l ' cd \hi xem nhu la mot de tai tie'p theo mdt xu hudng ma chung toi da nghien edu trudc day Dd la "Vd'/i de bdo ton va phdt huy ban sac van hod dan tgc giao luu vd hoi nhap cua van hoc Viet Nam vdi the gidr\ Ca hai vSii de deu de cap de'n giao luu va hdi nhap ciia van hoc Viet Nam nhimg tiir hai gdc khac M6t thien \i nghien cuu ban sdc dan tdc, v& de cd tinh bao quat xuyen sudt toan bd lich sir D^ tai thd hai chii ye'u xem xet mot bd phan van hoc hien dai, hay ndi dung han van hoc each mang vdi tu each la mot nen van hoc, da tham gia vao qua trinh giao luu va hdi nhap qudc te' nhu the' nao, ke tir nd xua't hien cho de'n Day la mdt de tai vira mang tinh ly luan lai vijfa mang tinh lich sir rat phdc tap Hy vgng rang nhung dieu ma ehiing tdi dua da phae hoa dugc mot each so khai, budc diu ve tie'n trinh giao luu va hoi nhap qudc te'ciia Viet Nam nhin tijr gdc van hoc, chii ye'u la van hoc each mang Nhirng y kie'n budc dau, so khai cd the chua that nhuSn nhuyen, can dugc trao doi them, chung tdi mong nhan dugc nhirng Idi gdp y chan ciia cac chuyen gia va ciia nhung ngudi quan tam de chung toi cd the bd sung, hoan chinh Chung toi xin tran cam on Ban Khoa hoc Cong nghe ciia Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi, Phong Quan ly nghien curu khoa hoc ciia trudng Dai hoc KHXH & NV da tao dieu kien cho toi thuc hien de tai Chan cam on cac chuyen gia da dong gdp cho tdi nhieu y kie'n bd ich Ha Noi 20/9/2005 Chii tri de tai PGS, TS Nguyin Ba Thanh ChuongI KHAT VONG GIAO LUU VA HOI NHAP VCH THE GI(3l THE HIEN TRONG VAN HOC CACH MANG VIET NAM DAU THE K t XX 1.1 Khai niem van hoc each mang Viet Nam Tlie'ky XX ddi vdi Viet Nam la mot theky day nhiing bie'n thien diJ ddi Vao cu6l the ky XIX Viet Nam khong ten rieng tren ban the' gidi ma chi Ih nhirng mien que nam xd Dong Duong thude Phap (I'lndochine Franc,ais), vdi nhung cai ten da hi Phap hoa ma rit nhieu ngudi Viet Nam khong biet la gi: Tonkin, Annam va Cochinchine Theo Nouveau petit Larousse [Cent-quatrieme Edition, tr.I450] thi cai ten dd dugc dat vao nam 1888 de chi viing da't bao gdm Nam B6, Cao-Mien, Trung B6 va Bac Bo Vao nam 1893 thi ITndochine Franc,aise bd sung ihem Lao Dien lich ciia Dong Duong thuoc Phap liic dd la 740.850km^ va dan sd la 23.000.000 ngudi, dd chii yeu la ngudi Viet, ngudi Kh'mer va ngudi Hoa Trong cai ten tren day thi cd ten thuoc ve Viet Nam The nhung ngudi Phap da giai thich ra't khac ve nhung cai ten ma la lam ggi la Nam Bo, Trung Bd, va B k Bo ay Chang han, B k Bo-Tonkin (cd la Tunquin, hoac Tonquin theo nghia Dang Ngoai Histoire du Roayaume de Tunquin ciia A.De Rhodes) dugc giai ihich la mol xu theo nghia la Pays-?2c^s de la Federation Indochinoise Trung Bo-Annam thi la mot nude theo nghia Etat Va Cochinchine-Nam Bo la mot viing theo nghia la Region Nghia den ciia Indochine la Tmng-An, nghia la Viet Nam khdng cd ten rieng ma dugc ggi chung vdi mot khu vuc nam d giua Trung Hoa va ^ i Do, mot viing phia Nam chau A, giap gidi vdi Ai Do Duong va bien Dong Mot da't nude, mdt dan toe vao dau the ky XX khdng nhiing khdng tu each la mot Nation, ma People, Race cung dang dung trudc nguy ca bi lieu diet: Hoq diet chung vi(a thuang viJta set, Noi gidng ta biet cd cdn khong? Noi chdng sdn long, Cha tid nhuc, vq chong lia tan! (A-le'-aca 1905-1906), LZctr315] M61 sir gia, mgl nha van hoa Idn nhu Dao Duy Anh ma vicl Viet Nam van hod siramig (1938) cung xel iCr gdc Dong Phap, tdc la xu An Do-China ihuoc Phap, Mac du 6ng ludn lu6n chu van hoa Viet Nam, nhung ong phai nhdc den Dong Phap nhu la mdt tdng thi, dd Viet Nam chi la mdt bd phan "Hien hon 21 trieu dan d Ddng Phap, hon 17 trieu la ngudi Viet Nam b khap cac mien ddng bang tijr Nam-quan cho dSn Cao-man la phki tix ye'u ciia cdi Dong Phap" [D^o Duy Anh, Viet Nam , VHTT, HN 2002, tr.l8] Ve phuong dien van hoa, lich SIT va dia ly, Viet Nam la mdt qudc gia, mot dan tdc, mot xd s6 phan biet Nhimg thdi thuoc Phap, Viet Nam khdng cdn la Viet Nam Nd da hoa tan vao cai Ddng Phap, nd da bi Ddng Duong hoa Nhung de'n cudi th^ky XX, dan tdc Sty da hoi sinh mdt qudc gia doc lap vdi sd dan tren tam muoi trieu ngudi, mdt chinh ihi dan chii cdng hoa da thay the' cho che' dd thuc dan thuoc dia Mdt dan tdc da tai tao lai hinh anh ciia minh hai cu6c chie'n tranh ve qud'c vl dai da danh thdng hai d^qude to b hai chau luc Idn la Phap va My, ma ne'u ke ca Nhat Ban mdt ke ngoai bang thong tri bi danh dd Cach mang thang Tam, thi Viet Nam da duang d^u va chien thang ba de' qudc to d ba chau luc A, Au, My Mdt cdng dong dan toe tran day niem tin gid day dang tie'n len tao dung lai hinh anh ciia minh Phep mau nao da lam bie'n doi mot xii so tam tdi can lao hoa mot xd sd anh hiing, mot xu* sb vinh quang? Dd chinh la Cach mang, Cach mang hieu theo nghia thay cu ddi mdi, la su tai sinh, la su lot xac ciia toan xa hoi Ngay tijr Cach mang thang Tam mdi cdng, nhieu nha tri thiie, van nghe si da ggi dd la mot cuoc tdi sinh mau nhiem , Cach mang xa hoi la mot cuoc hoi tu, mot su biing sang ban sac dan tdc, van hoa qudc gia Dieu cd le khdng rieng gi Viet Nam ma ca cac nude nhu Anh, Phap, My, Nga deu cung theo qui luat phat trien dd Chi cd di^u thdi gian xay cac cuoc each mang d mdi nude la khac Khi ly giai ve ngiiyen nhan Jam cho Hoa Ky trd mdt Qudc gia kieu mdi dau tien tren the gidi (The First New Nation), Seymour Martin Lipset, mot Giao su ciia Harvard University vao cudi nhiing nam 1960 da coi each mang la mot nguyen nhan chinh [xem: The First New Nation, The United States in historical and comparative perspective, Garden City, New York 1967] Tuang tu nhu the', ta cung cd the ke de'n su thay doi ciia nude Phap sau Cach mang 1789, ciia nude Nga sau Cach mang thang Mudi, ciia Trung Qudc sau Cach mang Tan Hgi va sau 1949, ciia Cu-ba sau nam 1959, v.v Cach mang da trd mot qui luat phat trien ta't yeu ciia mdi qudc gia, mdi dan tdc Md dau quyen sach cd tinh cuang linh noi tie'ng vdi tua de la Dudng Kdch minh, Nguyen Ai Qud'c (Ho Chi Minh) da danh nhieu muc ndi ve lich si!r each mang cac nude "de lam guong cho chung ta soi" Lich svt cdch mang My dugc dat Idn hang dau, sau dd la cdch mang Phdp, roi lich su cdch mang Nga Trong muc Lich sit cdch mang My, Nguyen Ai Qu6c da so sanh chinh sach ciia thuc dan Phap ddi vdi Viet Nam va chinh sach ciia thuc dan Anh ddi vdi My (the ky XVIU), va tha'y ngudi Phap da man hem Tac gia da thdt len: "The ma dan Viet Nam cdn chua hoc My ma lam each mang" [HCM tt, T.2, tr.l92] Nhin lai lich six Viet Nam khoang 100 nam viifa qua ta cd th^ tdm tat bang hai chir: Cach mang Nhiing nam dau the ky XX la nhung nam tran d^y mdt nhiet huye't Duy tan, mot tinh ihin dan tdc tu cudng biing day tha ca cac chi si, mdt y chi bat khua't trudc gdng xieng va tu ngue: Nam nhi hd suphq Con Lon (Lam trai lai sg Cdn Ldn-Phan Chu Trinh) Nhiing ngudi da khua'y dong tinh thdn yeu nude ciia hang trieu ngudi Viet Nam, lam lung lay che' dd thd'ng tri thuc dan bang ngoi but, bang Idi tha "Ba ta'c luoi ma guam ma sung Mdt ngoi Idng viia trdng viifa chieng" (Phan Bgi Chau, Vdn tePhan Chu Trinh) Cac chi si S[y da tao mot bSu khdng sue sdi each mang khdng chi bang van tho ma cdn bang hanh ddng thuc te': Phong trao Duy tdn, Phong trao Dong Kinh nghia thuc, la nhiing budc di dSu lien ciia Cach mang Viet Nam the'ky XX Ke'theo dd la T6 chdc Viet Nam quang phuc hoi, la hanh ddng cam tir ciia Pham Hong Thai, la To chdc Viet Nam nien Cdch mqng ddng chi hgi, la su ddi ciia Ddng Cong sdn Dong Ducfng, la phong trao Xo Viet Nghe Tmh.„ Tong khdi nghia, Cdch mqng thdng Tdm vd nude Viet Nam dan chu cong hod ddi, Tudng rang each mang thang Tam la clia'in dul che dd thuc dan thudc dia, nao ngd Phap quay lai xam luge Viet Nam Va sau cudc Cach mang thang Tam ay la lien tiep mot chudi dai nhung chang ctirdng dau tranh gian kho va hy sinh nhung day ve vang Mot cuoc khdng chien chdng Phdp keo dai tam chin nam viia ket ihiie bang chien thang Dien Bien Phii thi (not cuoc dau tranh Thdng nhat nude nha lai bat dau, roi cuoc chien tranh chdng My nd ca nude, Cuoc chien tranh chdng My keo dai hang chuc nam va ket thuc bang chien thang ciia chien dich Hd Chi Minh lich sir, dem lai hoa binh thdng nha'l cho To qudc, doc lap tu cho dan toe Khiic ca khai hoan "nhu cd Bac Hd \aii dai thang" vang len chua dut thi chien tranh bien gidi Tdy Nam da nd Chien tranh bien gidi Tay Nam ma'y nam sau trd cuoc gidi phong cho nhan dan Cdm-pu-chia khoi hoq diet chung (1/1979) Mot thang sau, chien tranh b 7/ -ioi phia Bac lai bung nd (2/1979) Hang chuc van quan Trung Qudc ap sat biod gidi, Iran vao Lang San va sau dd la cuoc chien dau hang thang gidi d Vi Xiiyeti d Lung Cu Sau quan Trung Quoc nil chay ve nude, hoa binh, ddc lap (lUiic- lai lap d Vicl Nam, nhung da't nude phai bay mot thuc irang ngheo ddi va lac hau den muc long khiing hoang Mot cuoc each mang mdi lai bdi dau: Ddi Mdi Snot ca the ky XX, la nghe vang vang hai lir cdch mqng moi nai, mgi luc Cdch mang nhu mdt i^iam tr&, mdt dai danh tfr: Cach mang dan tdc dan chii nhan dan, Cdch mang tu san, Cach mang vd san, Cach mang xa hdi chii nghia, Cach mang tu tudng va van hoa, Cach mang quan he san xuSft, Cach mang khoa hoc ky thuat Cach mang nhu mdt thuoc tinh, mdt phim ch^t tot dep: Chinh quyen each mang, Q u ^ chung each mang, Luc lugng each mang, Dudng Idi each mang, Quan dilm each mang Lap trudng each mang, Hanh dong each mang, Van hoa each mang, Tho ca each mang Cd le, ne'u lam mdt cudc di^u tra, thdng ke tSn sd cac tCr xuait hien nhieu nh^t ddi sdng van hoa Viet Nam the' ky XX thi tiir Cdch mqng se nam sd "top-ten" Ddi vdi Viet Nam, the ky XX la the' ky Cach mang Tmh t h ^ each mang la tinh thSn CO ban va xuyen sudt ttt dSu the' ky XX den dSu the' ky XXI Tu tudng each mang da di vao ddi sd'ng ciia hang tram trieu ngudi, da tao nen nhfing su ddi thay dieu ky, nhiing dao Idn sau sac ddi vdi dSt nude, vdi xa hgi va tam ly ngudi Cach mang da di vao ddi sdng van hoa ciia dan toe va nhanh chdng trd mot truydn thd'ng mdi: Truyen thdng cdch mqng Cach mang tham nhap vao ddi sd'ng tinh thfo, xac lap nhung gia tri dao ddc va trd mdt thd chuan dao ddc cao nha't bang gia tri van hoa mdi ciia thdi hien dai: Dao dAc Cdch mqng Cach mang da trd nhiing tieu chi pha'n da'u cho ca nhan va cho ca cdng dong Ca nhan nao dugc cdng nhan la ngudi each mang, la nha cdch mqng thi dd la mot niem vinh du, tu hao Gia dinh nao dugc cdng nhan la gia dinh cdch mqng, gia dinh cd cong vdi cdch mqng thi dugc ca xa hdi ton vinh Nha van, nha tho nao dugc ggi la nha vdn, nha thcf cdch mqng thi tac phdm ciia ho cung dugc nhin nhan mot each tran hon, qui men han Mot tac ph^m van hoe dugc coi la tdc pham vdn hgc Cdch mqng thi tac gia hinh nhu cung cam tha'y ve vang hon.The'ky XX ngudi Viet Nam da tie'n hanh mot qua trinh cdch mang loan dien va sau sac Da sd ngudi Viet Nam da yeu me'n va cd the ndi la da siing bai each mang, da theo each mang va coi each' mang la mot danh hieu cao qui, thieng lieng Mot the'ky da the'ky each mang, mot dan tdc da trd dan tdc each mang thi di nhien van hgc ciia dan tgc dd, ciia the' ky dd phai phan anh cai noi dung each mang ddu tien Khai niem van hgc each mang b day cd the hieu b nhieu ca'p khac Ca'p so dang nhSt la cap tdc pham Ca'p thd hai la cap ddng vdn hgc, phong trao van hgc, trao luu van hgc Ca'p thu: ba la mot nen vdn hgc Chiing tdi mudn ndi de'n van hgc each mang vdi tu each la mot nen vdn hgc, luc la tii' lire lugng sang tac de'n tac ph^m, tCr he thdng ly luan de'n he thdng cac the loai van hgc, dd, cac tac ph^m van hgc mang tu tudng each mang, theo xu hudng each mang, phuc vu cho su nghiep each mang, va dd quang dai quan chung da trd doc gia r van hoc cd diln d6i cac loai sach kiem hiep, truyen trinh tham, tmyen chudng, truyen Iich sfi, da sfi, nhflng chuyen tham cung bi sfi ciia cac triiu dai Trung Hoa, diuyen vu an da dua mit ban dgc Diiu dang ndi la cac sach phi van hgc t-i(y chiem ty le cang cao tren thi trudng, cd xu hudng 1& at sach van hgc Quan di&n "da dang hod, da phuong hod, Viet Nam mudn la ban vdi tdt ca cac nudc tren ^vfli^gidi vl phuong dien ngoai giao" da tao diiu kien cho giao luu van hgc dugc md rdng ham Nhflng ddi tac giao lim dang chu y chuc nam gdn day la My, Han Qudc, Nhat Ban Bdi vi dd la nhiing nudc dang cd quan he vl kfiih te' cang sau ldng Nhilu chuong trinh, du an kinh te' xa hdi da va dang dugc My, Han Qud'c, Nhat Ban ddu tu va triln khai thuc hien Tfi nam 2005, Viet Nam bit ddu thuc hien , Cdng udc Berne vl sd hfiu tri tue va ban quyln tac gia Dd la mdt thfi thach mdi Yeu cdu giao luu khdng chi la su md rdng dia ban ma cdn la chdt lugng Diiu dd thi hien nhung ddi hdi vl dich thuat, vl hinh thfic giao luu, vl cac loai dn phim Tuy nhien, xu hudng giao luu va hdi nhap toan cau manh me nhu hien nay, kha nang giao tie'p true tiip bing ngoai ngfi cang cang phd bie'n Khi bfic tudng rao ngoai ngfi da dugc vugt qua, thi giao luu van hoc se trd nen rdng rai va khoang dat hon 193 THAY PHAN KET LUAN van hoc each mang tfi ddi da hudng den mdt ddi sd'ng chinh tri cua to&n nhan loai, dat ddi sdng cWnh tri dan tdc Uong su van ddng chung cua chinh Hi th^ gidi Bdi vay, nd mang mdt khdt vgng giao luu, khat vgng boa nhap cung cdng ddng nhan loai Nhan loai quan niem ciia nhfing ngudi each mang ludn ludn dugc phan chia nhan loai tien bd \'a nhfing bgn phan each mang Cho nen giao luu van hoc ndi rieng va van boa ndi chung la phai tuan theo nguydn tic ur tudng, phai uu tien cho cac tac phim chuyin tai noi dung tu tudng chuih tri Nhfing nam 19451985 la thdi ky nhdn manh y nghia chinh tri ciia van hoa ndi chung va van hgc ndi rieng Tac phim nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam cung vay ma tac phim Viet Nam xudt nudc ngoai cung vay Do Idy chfnh tri va dao dfic lam tieu chf xudt nhap sach van hgc ma nhfing nam 1945-1975, cac tac phim van hgc nudc ngoai du nhap vao Viet Nam mang nhfing gia tri nhan van true tiep phuc \TI cho cac boat dgng thuc tiln nudc Dac biet la van hoc Nga va Lien Xd, cd rdt nhilu tac phim da tham nhap sau vao ddi sdng tinh than ciia nhilu the he ngudi Viet Nam tfi nhfing nam 1930 den nhiing nam 1980 Du nhap van hoc Nga va cac nudc xa hoi chii nghia khac ciing vdi viec Idy chii nghia hien ihuc xa hdi chu nghia lam phuong phap sang tac tdi uu da lam cho van hoc each mang Viet Nam thu dugc nhilu tuu nhung cung de lai khdng il nhfing ban che Tu ly luan van hoc hoc mac-xft dl cao tinh dang cdng san, dl cao linh vu khf, tfnh chie'n dau, tfnh giai cap cda van hoc Ly luan van hoc ciia Viet Nam da chiu nhiing anh hudng to Idn ciia he thdng ly luan van hgc Nga Xd vilt Nhung dieu dang chii y la nhieu mang, nhieu bo phan van hgc Nga Xd vie't da khdng dugc dich va gidi thieu d Viet Nam giai doan 1945-1985 Mai den sau Viet Nam lien hanh ddi mdi, dac biet la sau Lien Xd sup dd thi mot bd phan tac pham van hoc va ly luan mdi dugc dich va gidi thieu Su anh hudng ciia tu chfnh tri true tiep da ban che viec dich va gidi ihiCu nhieu tac gia va tac phim van hoc phuotig Tay hien dai Tu ly luan van hoc ciia Viet Nam ludn ludn di sau tu ly luan \'an hoc ciia Nga va Trung Qudc hang thap ky (vf du ve tfnh dai chiing, tfnh dan loc van hoc Trung Qudc dugc de xudt lfi 1929-1931, d Viet Nam \h 1943-1948; Ddi mdi ly luan d Trung Qudc la 1978, d Viet Nam la 1987 ) Tit sau 19S6, dac biet la sau 1987, co bai phat bieu cua cd Tdng Bf ihu Nguyin \'an Linh ve Voi iroi" cho \ 'n nghe, vice xuat ban va gidi thieu van hgc nudc ngoai d \'iel Nam cang nhieu Cac tac phim van hoc du cac the loai cua cac nudc iron the girvi da diroc du nhap xao Viet Nam theo co che thi trudng Tfi cac lac phim 192 F van hgc cd diln d^n cac loai sach kiem hiep, truyen trinh thdm, truyen chudng, truyen lich sfi, da sfi, nhflng chuyen tham cung bi sfi ciia cac triiu dai Trung Hoa, chuyen vu an da dua mit ban dgc Diiu dang ndi la cac sach phi van hgc i-iy chi^m ty le cang cao tren thi trudng, cd xu hudng Im at sach van hgc Quan diim "da dang boa, da phuong boa, Viet Nam mudn la ban vdi tat ca cac nudc tren ilhdgidi ve phuong dien ngoai giao" da tao diiu kien cho giao luu van hgc dugc md rdng hofn Nhflng ddi tac giao liru dang cbii y chuc nam gdn day la My, Han Qudc, Nhat Ban Bdi vi dd la nhiing nudc dang cd quan he vl kinh te cang sau rdng Nhilu chuong trinh, du an kinh te' xa hdi da va dang dugc My, Han Qud'c, Nhat Ban ddu tu va triln khai thuc hien Tfi nam 2005, Viet Nam bit ddu thuc hien Cdng udc Berne vl sd hfiu tri tue va ban quyln tae gia Dd la mdt thfi thach mdi Yeu cdu giao lim khdng chi la su md rdng dia ban ma cdn la chdt lucmg Diiu dd the hien nhung ddi hdi vl djch thuat, vl hinU thfic giao luu, vl cac loai & phim Tuy nhien, xu hudng giao luu va hdi nhap toan cdu manh me nhu hien nay, kha nang giao tiep true tiep bing ngoai ngfi cang cang phd bien Khi bfic tudng rao ngoai ngfi da dugc vugt qua, thi giao luu van hoc se trd nen rong rai va khoang dat hon 193 TAI LIEU DA TRICH DAN TRONG DE TAI CB.04.17 Alex Preminger (Editor) Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, Princeton University Press, 1974 Anh Dfic, Bui Binh Thi, Bui Khanh The', Bdn sdc ddn tgc vdn hod vdn nghi, Nxb Van hgc va Trung tam nghien cfiu Qudc hgc, HN 2001 Ban Van hgc Viet Nam, Vien Van hoc, Tha ca ve Linin vd chd nghia Lenin tii ndm 1926 dViit Nam, TCVH sd 2-1970 ^ Bing Viet, Vi Lorca hdp dan toil, TCVH sd 11-1998 Braghinxki I X., Sa kit cuoc thao ludn ve sU hinh thdnh cua chu nghia hien thuc vdn hoc cdc nudc phuang Ddng, Khanh An dich, NCVH sd 10; 12-1962 "^ Bd-rep Yu B., Chdng lqi nhOng dot tdn cdng cda bgn xet lqi vdo My hgc MdcLinin, chdng lqi nhiing bia ddt ve chii nghia hiin thuc xd hgi chu nglua, TCNCVHsd 11-1961 "I Biii Van Nguyen-Ha Minh Dfic, Tha ca Viet Nam (hinh thdc vd the loqi), ^ '^ Nxb KHXH HN 1967 Cao Huy Dinh \a Hd Ngoc, Mudi ndm gidi thiiu vd nghiin cdu vdn hgc nudc-^ /z^od/, TCVH sd 9-1964 '^ Cao Xuan Huy, Tu tudng phuang Dong gai nhitng diem nhin tham chieu, "^ (Nguyin Hue Chi soan, chii thfch va gidi thieu), Nxb Van hgc, HN 1995 ' 10.Chu Nga, Vdn de ngudi vd vii "Mqnh han nguyen td" (tilu '^ thuyet ciia Be-rdl-cd, Nxb Quan doi nhan dan, HN 1962), NCVH sd 1-1963 ^ 11.Chu Nga, Nhdn vdt Da-vu-ddp Ddt vd hoang cda Sd-ld-khdp, NCVH * sd 3-1962 i 12.Chu Huy, Doi dieu ghi nhdn ve bg gido trinh Vdn hgc cdc nudc chdu i4, S I TCVH sd 3-1990 13.Chuong Thau, Phan Bgi Chdu todn tap, Nxb Thuan Hod, Hue 1990 i 14.Dieu Van Nguyen, Ve sutdng cudng tinh chien ddu cda phi binh vdn nghi, i TCVH sd 4-1963 % 15.Dao Duy Anh, Viet Nam vdn hod sd cuang, Nxb Van boa TT, HN 2003 i 16.Dao Xuan Quy, Tha My viei veViet Nam vd tha Viet Nam a My, TCVH sd 3-'l 1973 " Si 17.Dang Anh Dao, Ve dich vdn hgc d Viet Nam mdy ndm nay: nhung vdn diddt] n / / r C Van hoc sd 3-2001 | 18.Dang Anh Dao, Ve thdi chap nhdn hodc phii nhdn chu nglua hien thuc xd hni (hii n:^hia d phuang Tdy, TC Van hoc sd 2-1990 194 19.Dang Thai Mai, Tren dudng hoc tqp va nghien citu Tap I, In \ki thii 2, Nxb Van hoc, HN 1969 20.Dang Tliai Mai, Van thd Cdch mqng Viet Nam ddu theky AX, Nxb Van hoc, HN 1974 21.Dang Thanh Le, Viet Nam tren qud trinh hqi nhdp vdn hqc khu vuc vd todn cdu-So sdnh vdi vdn hqc Korea, TCVH s6' 3-1998 22.Dinh Gia Khanh (Chu bien), Vdn hqc ddn gian Viet Nam, Nxb Giao due, Tai ban ^ thir sau, HN 2002 23.Dinh Gia Khanh (Oiu bien), Vdn hqc Viet Nam (the ky X-nua dau the ky XVm), Nxb Giao due, Tai ban l&i tM sau, HN 2002 24.Doan Dinh Ca, Vdn hqc Viet Nam d Cu Ba vd My Latinh, TC Van hoc so 101989 25.Doan Le Giang, Su dcri cua tic "Vdn hqc " vd quan niem mai vi vdn hgc ciia cdc nudc Viet Nam, Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, TCVH so 5-1998 26.Doan Thi Dang Huong, Gidi ma vdn hqc Viet Nam theo tinh thdn vdn hod, DHKHXH&NV, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi, 1997 27.D6 Dinh Tuan, Dich hqc nhdp mon, Nxb Long An 1992 28.D5 DiJ-c Hieu, Doi mdi dqc vd binh vdn, Nxb Hoi nha van, HN 1999 29.D6 Diic Hi^u, "Phe binh mdi" vdn hqc Phdp, 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Dong, Nxb Giao due, lINZOtK) '\^.I.irii ]\\ On va cac tac gia khac, Dia ly todn thu, lap (ircn 1000 trang), U 198 Khanh Truong vh La Viet Anh dich, Nxb Van hoa TT, HN 1996 99.Ltru Dao Sidu, Chu Vmh Ich, Trach cdt thdn bi, Le Huy Tieu, Ngu>tn Due Sam, Etoan Viet Thing, Thu An dich, Nxb Van hoa TT 1996 100 Luu Diic Trung, Buac vdo vudn hoa vdn hgc chdu A, Nxb Giao due, HN 2003 101 Luu Lien, Gia dinh vdn hgc xo-viet-nhieu-ddn-tgc tien trinh vdn hod lodi ngudi, TCVH so 5-1984 102 Luu Trong Lu, Chiing ta hgc gi a sdn khau Xo-viet? TCVH so 11-1967 103 Luu Van Bdng, NghT ve sdc huang xa, Nxb Thanh nien, HN 1997 104 Ma Giang Lan (Chu bien) Qud trinh hien dgi hod Vdn hgc Viet Nam 1900-1945, Nxb Van hoa TT, HN 2000 105 Nam M6c, Ve ly ludn vd phe binh vdn hgc, Nxb KHXH, HN 2002 106 Nam Moc, Bdn them ve noi dung xd hgi chu nghTa vd hinh thdnh cua nen vdn nghe xd hgi chu nghTa, TCVH sd 12-1964 107 Nam Moc, Tinh Ddng Id mot ddc trung bdn chdt cua vdn hgc hien thuc xd hgi chu nghTa, TCNCVH sd 2-1960 108 Nam Tran, Bdn dich "Ngue trung nhdt ky " a Phdp, TCVH sd 5-1964 109 Ngoc Thien va Phuong Lan (Luge thuat) Hgi thao nhiing van de tlidi su cua chu nghTa hien thuc xd hgi dm nghTa, TC Van hoc sd 5-1989 110 Ngo Tat Td (dich va chu giai), Kinh Dich, Nxb Tp Hd Chi Minh, 1991 111 Nguyen Ngoc, Vai tro vdn hgc dich su phdt trien vdn hgc ddn toe, TCVan hoc sd 2-1991 112 Nguyen Ai Qudc, Truyen vd ky Nxb Van hoc, HN 1974 113 Nguyen Ba Thanh, Tu tho vd tu tha liien dgi Viet Nam, Nxb Van hoc, HN 1996 114 Nguyen Ba Thanh (Tuyen chon, bien soan, gi6i thieu) Tirang dong vdn hod Viet Nam-Han Qudc, Nxb Van hoa TY, HN 1996 115 Nguyen Diic Nam, Con ngudi Viet Nam hien dgi nhdn tin'cc cua nhd vdn MyXii-dan Xon-tdc, TCVH sd 4-1970 116 Nguyen Hai Ha, Vdn hgc Xd-viet nhd trudng Pho tlwng trung hgc, TCVan hoc sd 6-2001 117 Nguyen Hai Ha, Nhihig dnh hudng to Idn cua van hgc Xo-viet d Viet Nam, TCVan hoc sd 5-1987 118 Nguyen Hai Ha, Doe sach Tsa-pa-ep, (tieu thuyet cua Phudc-ma-ndp, Nxb Van hoa, HN 1961), TCNCVH sd 5-1961 119 Nguyen Hdng Phong, Tim hieu tinh cdch ddn tgc, Nxb Khoa hoc, HN 1963 120 Nguyen Huu Son, Nhd Viet Nam hgc N.I Niculin vdi nifa the ky ddn^.^ 199 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 UI hdnh cimg Vdn hgc Viet Nam, TC Van hoc s6' n-1999 Nguyan Kh^c Hieu, Tdn Dd van vdn, H, Huong Son xu^t ban, HN 1945 Nguyin Khic Xuyen, Muc luc phdn tich Tqp chi Nam phong, Nxb Thuan hoa TT Ngon ngu Van hoa Dong Tay, In lan H, HN 2003 Nguyin Khic Xuong, Tuyen tap Tdn Dd, Nxb Van hoc, HN 1986 Nguyin Khoa Diem (Chu bien), Xdy dung vd phdt trien nin vdn hod Viet Nam tiin tien dam dd bdn sdc ddn tgc, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, HN 2001 Nguyen Kim Dmh, Chii nglua hiin thuc xd hgi chii nghia vdi tu cdch la trdo luu vdn chuang vd phuang phdp sdng tdc, TC VH s6' 5-1989 Nguyen Lien, Nguyin Ba Thanh, Tiip can duang dqi Vdn hod My, Contemporary approaches to American Culture Nxb Van hoa TT, HN 2000 Nguyin L6c, Vdn hgc Viet Nam (nua cuoi the ky XVIH-het the'ky XIX, Tai ban Idn thiJtu, Nxb Giao due, HN 2001 Nguyin Minh Ch^u, Trang gidy trudc den (Ton Phuong Lan suu tam, tuyen chon va gidi thieu), Nxb KHXH, HN 2002 Nguyin Nam, Qud trinh truyin nhdp vd hni hdnh Tiin ddng tdn thoqi d Viet Nam, TC Van hoc s6' 5-2001 Nguyin Nam, Khdi luac viphiin dich hgc (translation studies) vd vdn hgc Viet Nam, TCVH so 1-2002 Nguyin T^'t Hoa, Doc sach Cuoc xdm ldng ve vdn hod vd tu tudng ciia de qudc My tqi mien Nam Viet Nam (chuyen luan cua Lu Phuong, Nxb Van hoc, HN 1981), TCVH so 2-1982 Nguyen Trong Chu^n, Pham Van Diic, Ho Sy Quy, Tim hieu gid tri vdn hod truyen thdng qud trinh cdng nghiep hod, hiin dqi hod, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, HN 2001 Nguyin Phii Trong, Vi mot nen vdn hod Viet Nam ddn tgc, hien dqi, Nxb VH Thong tin, HN 2002 Nguyin Tri Nguyen, NluTng biin thdi ciia ly ludn vdn hgc mdc-xit qua mot sdtrdo luu ly ludn vdn hgc a phuang Tdy, TCVH so 1-2005 Nguyin Van Dan, Vekhdi niem vdn hgc the giai, TC Van hoc so 7-1998 Nguyin Van Dan, Nghien cim vdn hgc so sdnh trudc nhu cdu ddi mdi, TCVH, so 3-4 nam 1988 Nguyen Van Hoan, Khoa nghiin cim vdn hgc Viet Nam td sau tiep Auc vdi van hod p':uang Tdy TC VH so 11-1998 138 Nguyin Van Hoan, Truyen Kieu a Nhdt Bdn, TC VH so 5-1996 39, Nhan Bao, Anh hudng ciia tieu thuyet Trung Qudc ddi vdi vdn hgc Viet S'um (Tnin Le Bao dich), TC VH so 9-1998 200 140 Nhi&i tie gii, Nhiing nhd tha Bungari, Xuan Dieu gidi thieu va dieh tho, Nxb Van hoc, Nxb Sviat, in tai Xophia, Bungari 1985 141 Nhi^u tac gia, 15 American Poets of the XX'' Century, 15 Nhd tha My the An? 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dqng cua chu nghia hien thuc xd hqi chd nghia, TCVH sd 5-1984 163 Phan Trong Thucmg (Diem sach), Chu nghia hiin thuc xd hgi chu nghia [cua Optsarenco], TCVH sd 3-1982 164 Pham Minh Hac-Nguyin Khoa Diim (Chu bien) Viphdt triin vdn hod vd xdy dung ngudi thdi k}' cdng nghiep hod, hiin dqi hod, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HN 2003 165 Pham Ngoc ThuSn, Vdn nghi vd cdng tdc tuyin truyen nudc ngodi, TCVH sd 10-1966 166 Pham Nhu Cuong, Ldi phdt bieu khai mac hgi nghi lan thur VIII cdc Phd Chu tich Vien hdn ldm phu trdch khoa hgc xd hgi cda cdc nudc xd hgi chii nghia, TCVH sd 5-6 nam 1988 167 Pham Quynh, Thuang Chi vdn tap, Tai ban 15n I, tap, Bo Qudc gia Giao due, Sai Gon 1962 168 Pham Thi Kim Anh, Tranh luan Tha Mdi-tha cu ddu the ky XX (19321945), Khoa lu^n tdt nghiep nganh Van hoc, DHKHXH & NV, DHQG HN 2004 169 Pham Van Si, Vdn hgc gidi phdng mien Nam, Nxb Dai hoc va THCN, HN 1976 170 Pham Van SI, Ve tu tudng vd vdn hgc phuang Tdy hiin dqi, Nxb Dai hoc vaTHCN,HN1986 171 Pham Vinh Cu, Mdy suy 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