TÍNH TOÁN VÁCH CỨNG

TÍNH TOÁN VÁCH CỨNG

             →       !!!→ "  " #$  % !! "&    '"()"*+,(-(   ττττ      σ1 σ2 σ3 σ4         .,)+,")-/0%1*     +=  σ      −=  σ       =τ  23%4 4%15%6%1 7488.9*9 ! : 488.;*(%%6%1 < =  488.> '5?@4AB 25C45%0?-(D 'EFAG  D4     ==σ       ==σ      − ×==τ  HI%15%6%14     =×=  HA%0J4    = × =  ( ) ( )          = +× = + × = σ σ  ( ) ( )            = × −×× = −× = σσ    D4     ==σ       ==σ      − ×==τ  HI%15%6%14     =×=  HA%0J4    = × =  ( ) ( )          = +× = + × = σ σ  ( ) ( )            = × −×× = −× = σσ   D#4     ==σ       ==σ      − ×==τ  HI%15%6%14     =×=  HA%0J4    = × =  ( ) ( )          = +× = + × = σ σ  ( ) ( )            = × −×× = −× = σσ      K 5,(-3%L BMN AM#M# N##O8 P%E%6Q8    = − = − = →     =−=−  23%-R !!!5?@  =  ξ ?+ S%*R%5,(    = × = × =  T01U84          ===  T01U8V*%        =×=×         =×=×  S*W%1*0,X%W6*"%*> ( )     = =  Y*94    <==    OZ;**9  = η            =−+=−+×= η  599%:)           = × × ==      = × = × ξ  YE=++?[@     = × > = ξ  →01U850X%:.,?\(]D                   −= ×       −+×× = ×       −+ =  ( ) ( )                            = − −×× +×× ×             − − ×−××+ = − ×× +×× ×               − − ×××+ = ξ ξ  ,E8^%*W%1   = = < = ×  ξ  5   =  .,)4 ( )             −= × ×−××−× = × × − × × − × == 2/=L9.,*X,-3%R80?@   = µ        =××=××=⇒  S  φ 9+5?_-`?3%U=OS       =>=  K a%b8+9%-3%L BNM$ Ac #N$O8         = × × = × =      = × = × ξ  S    = × > = ξ →01U850X%:.,?\(] D4 T01U84         ===  S*W%1*0,X%W6*"%*> ( )     = =           =−+=−+×= η                    = ×       −+×× = ×       −+ =                             = − ×× +×× ×             − − ×××+ = − ×× +×× ×               − − ×××+ = ξ ξ  ,E8^%*W%1    = < = < = × ξ  5   =  .,)4 ( )             = × ×−×××−× = × × − × × − × ==     =<=  → E8E,WEde*0JO   SL4 B#N A$c cO8 SL4 Bc# AMcMc MO8 <,"("\=Lb5,(4 P%E%6Q8    = − = − = →     =−=−  23%-R !!!5?@  =  ξ ?+ S%*R%5,(    = × = × =  T01U84          ===  S*W%1*0,X%W6*"%*> ( )     = =  Y*94    <==    OZ;**9  = η            =−+=−+×= η  599%:)           = × × = × =      = × = × ξ  YE=++?[@     = × > = ξ  →01U850X%:.,?\(]D                   −= ×       −+×× = ×       −+ =  ( ) ( )                            −= − −×× +×× ×             − − ×−××+ = − ×× +×× ×               − − ×××+ = ξ ξ  2/=L9.,*X,-3%R80?@   = µ        =××=××=⇒  S  φ 9+5?_-`?3%U=OS       =>=     SL4 B$ ANc O8  SL4 B# AMN HcO8 SLb5,(4 P%E%6Q8    = − = − = →     =−=−  23%-R !!!5?@  =  ξ ?+ S%*R%5,(    = × = × =  T01U84          ===  S*W%1*0,X%W6*"%*> ( )     = =  Y*94    <==    OZ;**9  = η            =−+=−+×= η  599%:)           = × × = × =      = × = × ξ  YE=++?[@      =×<=<=×=× ξ  →01U8030=    = =                   −= ×       −+× = ×       −+× =  2/=L9.,*X,-3%R80?@   = µ        =××=××=⇒  S  φ 9+5?_-`?3%U=OS       =>=    a%b8+WEde*f4 =%(+e    = +ZWD5,(8RL., *X,4 S9%φ !!  5g  4 2_h88→g  8%    ==     →g  8                             '<()"*+,-(8(=4         τ τ τ σ1 σ2 σ3 σ4              'EFAG  D4     ==σ       ==σ      − ×==τ  HI%15%6%14     =×=  HA%0J4    = × =  ( ) ( )          = +× = + × = σ σ  ( ) ( )            = × −×× = −× = σσ    D4     ==σ       ==σ      − ×==τ  HI%15%6%14     =×=  HA%0J4    = × =  ( ) ( )          = +× = + × = σ σ  ( ) ( )            = × −×× = −× = σσ   D#4     ==σ       ==σ      − ×==τ  HI%15%6%14     =×=  HA%0J4    = × =  ( ) ( )          = +× = + × = σ σ  ( ) ( )            = × −×× = −× = σσ      • 5,(-3%L B$N A$M $O8 P%E%6Q8    = − = − = →     =−=−=  23%-R !!!5?@  =  ξ ?+ S%*R%5,(    = × = × =  T01U84          ===  T01U8V*%        =×=×         =×=×  S*W%1*0,X%W6*"%*> ( )     = =  Y*94    <==    OZ;**9  = η            =−+=−+×= η  599%:)