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Software Development Life Cycle - Assignment ASSIGNMENT 01 FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 09: Software Development Life Cycle Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name ĐÀO VĨNH KHANG Student ID GCS200222 Class GCS0905B Assessor name VO THAO Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature KHANG Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1 D2 ❒ Summative Feedback: Grade: Assessor Signature: Internal Verifier’s Comments: Signature & Date: ❒ Resubmission Feedback: Date: CONTENTS CONTENTS I SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLES MODELS (P1) Iterative models i Spiral Model ii Agile Model Sequential models i Waterfall Model ii Prototype model II HOW RISK IS MANAGED IN THE SPIRAL LIFECYCLE MODEL (P2) 12 Why a life cycle model is chosen for a specific development environment Error! Bookmark not defined Changing in requirements Error! Bookmark not defined For instance: TUNE SOURCE Error! Bookmark not defined i Identification Error! Bookmark not defined ii Design Error! Bookmark not defined iii Construct Error! Bookmark not defined iv Evaluation and Risk Analysis Error! Bookmark not defined IV FEASIBILITY STUDY (P3) 16 Feasibility study 16 Feasibility report 16 V FEASIBILITY CITERIA (P3) 19 Technical feasibility 19 Schedule feasibility 20 Legal issues (Wen, 2018) 20 Social issues 21 Economic feasibility 21 VI HOW TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS CAN BE COMPARED (P4) 24 Outcome Error! Bookmark not defined VIII References 25 FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1: SPIRAL MODEL Figure 2: AGILE MODEL Figure 3: WATERFALL MODEL Figure 4: V MODEL 10 Figure 5: FEASIBILITY STUDY 19 Figure 6: GANTT CHART OF ESTIMATING SCHEDULE 23 Table 1: RISK RESPOND PLAN 15 Table 2: WORDPRESS, JOOMLA AND DRUPAL (Walker, 2021) 23 Table 3: ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT 25 Table 4: TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE BENEFITS OF TUNE SOURCE PROJECT (Anon., 2019) 26 LO1 Describe different software development lifecycles I SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLES MODELS (P1) Iterative models i Spiral Model DEFINITION: The Spiral Model is a software development process model that is risk-driven It is a hybrid of the waterfall and iterative models The Spiral Model assists in the adoption of software development aspects from several process models for a software project based on unique risk patterns, guaranteeing an efficient development process (Martin, 2021) Figure 1: SPIRAL MODEL The development process in the SDLC Spiral model begins with a limited set of requirements and progresses through each development phase for those criteria The software engineering team adds functionality to meet the new requirements in ever-increasing spirals until the program is ready for production (Martin, 2021) SPIRAL MODEL PHASES (Martin, 2021) • Planning: It entails calculating the iteration's cost, timeline, and resources It also entails comprehending the system requirements in order to maintain constant communication between the system analyst and the client • Risk Analysis: While a risk mitigation strategy is created and approved, prospective risks are identified • Engineering: It entails testing, developing, and deploying software at the customer's location • Evaluation: The consumer evaluates the software Identifying and monitoring risks such as schedule slippage and cost overruns is also part of the job WHO WOULD USE SPIRAL MODEL: One of the most interesting aspects of the Spiral SDLC model is that Microsoft utilized it to launch new versions of Windows? A model was also used to create the software for the Gantt chart As a result, it's no surprise that the Spiral Model is used for huge, high-risk initiatives that are likewise aimed at a large audience Another economic field that makes use of the Spiral model is game development The method enables prototypes to be developed with attention and speed Given that the gaming business must rely heavily on early versions of games, Spiral has become a safe option Businesses in the game development industry may use the strategy to collect consumer input rapidly and produce a playable game that would progress quicker into equivalently playable games (Anon., 2019) ADVANTAGES: (Gurendo, 2015) • Risk monitoring is one of the main components that makes it appealing, especially when managing large and expensive projects Furthermore, such an approach makes your project more visible because each spiral is required to be examined and assessed by design • At the early phases of the software development lifecycle, customers may view the functional product • At the late phases of the life cycle, many adjustments might be implemented • The project may be divided into different segments, and the more dangerous ones can be developed early, reducing management challenges • Project estimations in terms of schedule and money grow more and more realistic as the project progresses, and spiral loops are completed DISADVANTAGES: (Gurendo, 2015) • Because risk monitoring necessitates additional resources, this technique can be rather costly to employ Each spiral needs specialized knowledge, thus complicating the management process As a result, the Spiral SDLC Model is unsuitable for short projects • There are a lot of intermediary levels As a result, there is a massive volume of paperwork • Time management may be challenging Typically, the finish date of a project is unknown in the early phases ii Agile Model DEFINITION: Rather than a top-down procedure with a single sequence of phases, Agile SDLC methodology emphasizes collaborative decision-making and development over several short cycles or sprints The basis of an Agile SDLC is a cyclical development technique for software in iterations rather than all at once Your teams operate in various cycles that normally span two to four weeks (Anon., 2020) Figure 2: AGILE MODEL SIX PHASES OF AGILE MODEL: (Anon., 2018) • Requirements: The idea phase comes first A product owner will define the scope of their project here If there are several initiatives, the most significant ones will be prioritized The product owner will meet with a customer to discuss important needs and develop documentation outlining them, including which features will be supported and the suggested end outcomes • Design: After the concept has been defined, it is time to assemble the software development team A product owner will examine the availability of their colleagues and select the best individuals for the project, while also providing them with the required tools and resources • Development: The iteration phase, often known as development, comes next It is usually the longest phase because the majority of the work is done here The developers will collaborate with UX designers to integrate all product requirements and user input before converting the design to code • Testing: The product is almost ready for distribution However, the quality assurance team must first several tests to guarantee that the program is completely working These Agile team members will test the system to verify that the code is clean; if any problems or flaws are discovered, the developers will resolve them as soon as possible • Deployment: Customers will now be able to access the software when it has been fully delivered This operation puts it in the maintenance mode During this phase, the software development team will provide continuing assistance to ensure that the system runs properly and that any new defects are resolved • Review: A product enters the retirement phase for one of two reasons: it is being replaced with new software, or the system itself has grown obsolete or incompatible with the organization over time The software development team will tell users first that the software will be decommissioned ADVANTAGES (Anon., 2016) • The project is structured into short and clear iterations • It has a change management system that is adaptable • It reduces the risk associated with software development • The initial product version was released quickly • The development process incorporates the validity of functional requirements • The customer may view the outcome and decide whether or not he or she is happy with it DISADVANTAGES (Anon., 2016) • The development staff should be extremely professional and customer-focused • The new need may clash with the old architecture • There is a potential that the project will take longer than predicted if further corrections and changes are made • Because of the ongoing iteration, estimating the project's eventual cost may be challenging • There is no clearly stated requirement Sequential models i Waterfall Model DEFINITION: A Sequential model is shown by the waterfall model The software development activity is separated into distinct phases in this paradigm, and each phase consists of a succession of activities with varied objectives The SDLC procedures were pioneered by the Waterfall methodology In fact, it was the first widely used model in the software business It is separated into phases, with the output of one phase becoming the input of the next A phase must be completed before proceeding to the next step In summary, the Waterfall model has no overlap (Anon., 2021) Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility is the process of determining how you will manufacture your product or service to determine if it is viable for your business Before launching your services, you should plan every part of your operations from sourcing your starting materials to tracking your sales By looking at all the logistics of this process you can identify potential challenges and find ways to overcome them (Team, 2021) Economic feasibility: The economically viable stage of business development is the stage where a financial model of the profitability of the business enterprise is developed based on all the costs involved in moving the product from one place to another idea to market and make enough sales to meet det or investment requirements (Anon., 2019) Operational feasibility: Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves problems and takes advantage of opportunities identified in the process of determining the scope and extent to which the requirements identified in the project are met requirements analysis development phase of the system (Ogbebor, 2011) Schedule feasibility: The process of assessing the extent to which the potential schedule and completion dates of all key activities of a project meet organizational deadlines and constraints to influence change (Glyka, 2013) FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS A functional requirement is a description of the service the software must provide It describes a software system or its components It can be a calculation data manipulation business process user interaction or any other specific function that defines a function a system is capable of performing (Martin, 2021) • Development of an e-portal platform an application for Tune Source company to access music • Provides options to download or purchase music o Listen to the sample version of music o Search music in the digital archive o Provide individual downloads with a fixed fee o Music download gift cards • Setting up a customer subscription account allows for unlimited downloads for a monthly subscription o Allow customers to pledge into the Tune Source platform  months subscription  months subscription  12 months subscription • Platform integration with third-party payment systems NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Non-functional requirements (NFRs) define system attributes such as security reliability performance maintainability scalability and usability They act as constraints or restrictions on the design of the system across different liabilities (Anon., 2021) • The application should be executed fast and smoothly • User-friendly accessibilities • No additional functionality to confuse the customers • Simple but good-looking UI • User-friendly UX V FEASIBILITY CITERIA (P3) Technical feasibility WordPress Joomla Drupal Level of skills Needed Technical Expertise not needed Need a bit of technical expertise Needs a high level of technical knowledge Number of Downloads More than 140 million More than 30 million More than 15 million Updates 42 days 36 days 51 days Plugin Availability 54,226 7,905 38,238 The average frequency of It is used to develop informational websites or E-Commerce stores Use to create online forums and complete product catalogues Level of Security Good OK Excellent Free themes 2000+ 900+ 1800+ Best Used for Enterprise grade system intranet application MySQL, SQLServer, DBMS support MySQL Security SQLAzure, PostgreSQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite SQLite Low High Requires throttling to avoid rapid resource consumption Charge faster with faster response time Moderate Handles lower traffic well Performance Best features However, it needs a better hosting plan for higher traffic • Customizable • Stale high • Easily Manage • Large community • Premium WordPress Themes and Plugins • Easy CMS to build websites • Powerful Scaling Architecture CMS • CMS Mid-High Powerful End-to-end Table 2: WORDPRESS, JOOMLA AND DRUPAL (Walker, 2021) After the comparison between WordPress, Joomla and Drupal, I think it is safe to say that we are going to choose WordPress for the Content Management System Since WordPress is the most common system people choose for the CMS Also, WordPress requires small to medium skill level to work with Furthermore, WordPress has an amazing security system which does take us crazy since building a music-based platform is very compellingly tiring and hard to keep the security to the best Schedule feasibility Figure 6: GANTT CHART OF ESTIMATING SCHEDULE After creating the GANTT chart for the project, I believe that the project can be done in approximately two months excluding the last phase of maintenance and delivery If one of the small parts fall out of schedule and being left behind, the time it takes will be longer and the project might not be done on time So, we hope for the best that out developer can take this project professionally Legal issues (Wen, 2018) SCOPE OF WORK The scope of work covers the goals of the project and is the most important part of the agreement It must mention schedule tasks assigned work quality of work fees and payment schedule It also defines the specifications of a project including the coding language used and the exact technical functions of the software REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES The developer will make various statements to the customer regarding the products performance and the accuracy and completeness of the documentation Assurance is used to spread risk between the parties with customers and developers Software Performance Assurance promises the customer that the software will work as promised by the developer and that the developer will fix the ug for free if it doesn’t OWNERSHIP OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Rights in software code and other work products created under software development agreements are generally protected by copyright Software rights may also be protected by patent law for processes and equipment implemented by the software and trade secrets for software source code and related confidential documents and materials OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE Developers will always use open-source software Open-source software is computer software the source code of which is made available to the public with a license from the copyright holder It allows users to study modify and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose Customers can search for a complete list of all open-source software used by developers NON-INFRINGEMENT INDEMNITIES With the large number of patents that protect the details of the software and the strict liability for patent infringement there is a real danger that the software developed may be infringing existing inventions There is also the risk of copyright infringement Social issues His part will decide whether the proposed project will satisfy the people or not This hypothesis will generally test the possibility that the project should be accepted by the group of people directly affected by the proposed system The application is user-friendly with all ages of customers The functionalities will be developed to the minimalist Also, subscriptions for additional features will be cheap and affordable for all customers Furthermore, the subscriptions might be cheaper if the customers are students Economic feasibility The main thing in many projects is economic feasibility In the early stages of a project economic feasibility analysis focuses only on assessing whether the possible benefits of solving the problem are worth it Once specific requirements and solutions have been identified the analyst can weigh the costs and benefits of each alternative This is called a cost-benefit analysis Must be reminded before using the cost of equipment personnel labour resources We must meet the financial deadlines promised by the company in order to business And decide whether the proposal should be approved or not This seems to be the larger section summarizing the remaining reasons it could be a financially viable issue The "economic impact" of a project refers to the total amount of additional spending generated in a defined area as a direct consequence of the project organization However, developer cost is another important factor to consider as the low-price products are more accessible to the vast majority of users than the high-priced products etc FEASIBILITY WEIGHT APPROACH APPROACH Economic • Cost for • Approximately: ~ 38,340$ development • Payback time • 30% NET present value • Approximately: ~ 2,7 years • Approximately: ~ 43,016$ • • • Approximately: ~ 50,640$ Approximately: ~ 2,61 years Approximately: ~ 58,932$ Table 3: ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT TANGIBLE BENEFITS INTANGIBLE BENEFITS • Revenue increase • Organizational strategy support • • • Resource cost savings Increased productivity Process improvements • • • • Enhanced user experience Increased customer satisfaction Greater compliance Brand equity Table 4: TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE BENEFITS OF TUNE SOURCE PROJECT (Anon., 2019) Estimated benefits: • $757500 in revenue from individual music downloads • $950000 in revenue from customer subscriptions • $205000 in additional CD sales in store or on the website • $153000 in revenue through music download gift cards tangible VII HOW TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS CAN BE COMPARED (P4) 1/ Explain why we need to implement the system Feasibility study is the inclusion of all relevant project factors into the analysis, including economic, technical, legal, and planning aspects to determine the project's likelihood of success In this research step, the research content is like the pre-feasibility study stage but different in more detail and accuracy All research aspects are considered in a dynamic state, that is, considering the uncertainties that may occur according to each research content Review the sustainability of the project's effectiveness in the context of the impact of uncertain factors and provide impact measures to ensure the project's effectiveness 1.1/ How technical applied to the project - Familiarity with the application: Tune Source will increase sales by enabling existing customers to purchase specific digital music tracks and reach new customers interested in our unique archive of rare and hard-tofind music We expect to gain a new revenue stream from customer subscriptions to our download services, using the Web or in-store kiosks, customers will be able to search for and purchase digital music downloads - Tech sophisticated: This project has been initiated to increase sales by creating the capability of selling digital music downloads to customers through kiosks in our stores, and over the Internet using our website - The scope of the project: Open a few physical stores throughout southern California that sell hard-to find and vintage jazz, rock, country, and folk recordings 1.2/ How economical applied to the project 1.3/ How organizations applied to the project we will be able to estimate risk management once the technical and economic feasibility studies are complete The Tune Source feasibility study is complete now Tune Source quickly became known as the place to go to find rare audio recordings Annual sales last year were million VND with annual growth of about 3%–5% per year Tune Source currently has a website that enables customers to search for and purchase CDs This site was initially developed by an Internet consulting firm and is hosted by a prominent local Internet Service Provider (ISP) in Los Angeles The IT department at Tune Source has become experienced with Internet technology as it has worked with the ISP to maintain the site Tune Source will increase sales by enabling existing customers to purchase specific digital music tracks and reach new customers interested in our unique archive of rare and hard-to-find music We expect to gain a new revenue stream from customer subscriptions to our download services We hope to increase cross-selling, as customers who have downloaded a track or two of a CD decide to purchase the entire CD in a store or through our website We also expect a new revenue stream from the sale of music download gift cards 2/ Discuss alternative technical solutions using the alternative matrix 2.1/ Definition SWOT stands for English words: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats - is a famous business analysis model (or matrix) for businesses Karma The SWOT model is a well-known business analysis model (or matrix) for all businesses that want to improve their business situation with the right direction and build solid development foundations In which Strength and Weakness are considered as two internal factors in an enterprise For example, reputation, characteristics, geographical location Call it internal factors because these are factors that you can work hard to change Advantages • No cost: SWOT is a method of analyzing the business situation or any project implemented by the business Effective and cost-effective method, these are the two biggest advantages of SWOT analysis • Important results: SWOT will evaluate aspects of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats so that businesses can draw accurate results to help complete the project and overcome risks • New ideas: The SWOT model can provide new ideas for businesses by analyzing the four categories of opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses of SWOT The model not only tells you the advantages and disadvantages but also the threats to help you deal more effectively in the future, with the best risk avoidance plans Disadvantages • The results are not in-depth: Because the SWOT analysis is quite simple, the results received not really reflect the correct aspects The results not give feedback, only focusing on project preparation, which is not enough to complete the assessment and provide orientation and goals • More research is needed: To really get good results, a basic SWOT analysis is not enough, because the SWOT technique only focuses on studying and analyzing the big picture • Subjective analysis: A complete analysis is an evaluative analysis that captures the company's performance, reliable, relevant, and comparable data from which to make business decisions 2.2/ Type of matrix A/ ASP.NET technology ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and provided by Microsoft that allows programmers to create dynamic web pages, web applications, and web services First released to the market in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the NET framework, it is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) ASP.NET is compiled as a Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code in any language supported by the NET language B/ JavaScript technology JavaScript is a programming language of HTML and WEB It is lightweight and most used as part of web pages, whose implementation allows Client-Side scripts to interact with users and create dynamic web pages It is an interpreted program language with object-oriented capabilities JavaScript was known first as Mocha, and then as Live Script, but the Netscape company changed its name to JavaScript, because of Java's phenomenal popularity at the time JavaScript first appeared in Netscape 2.0 in 1995 as Live Script The versatile core of this language has been embedded in Netscape, IE, and other browsers C/ PHP technology PHP stands for Hypertext Pre-processor, which refers to a special language used in Website development (both Static Websites – Static Websites and Dynamic Websites – Dynamic Websites) Accordingly, PHP supports users a lot in changing, managing, and collecting data on the Server By its nature an open source, server-side programming and programming language, PHP is mainly used for web development For example, much of the core WordPress software is written in PHP, which makes PHP a very important language for the WordPress community and web developers in general PHP Language set ("PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor") is a scripting language or scripting element used to develop server-side application articles, open source code, use for General target item It is very suitable for the web and can be easily embedded into HTML pages Because it is used to used for web application, fast speed, compact, C and Java-like syntax, easy to learn, and shorter interactive product building time compared to other languages, PHP has become rapidly growing in popularity a language sets up the most Web variable variable 80% of the top 10 million websites use the PHP programming language PHP is very popular for freelancers, because many small businesses or non-technical people want to use WordPress, Wix, or other popular content management systems to set up a website or sales website PHP is designed for the web and it works well And Facebook has made huge investments in PHP Websites are the lifeblood of the digital world Businesses from large to small rely on websites to implement advertising strategies and spread their service brands One of the popular languages used to create websites is PHP, especially PHP is chosen by many information technology students as their first subject in the world VIII References Anon., 2016 Javatpoint [Online] Available at: www.javatpoint.com [Accessed JUN 2022] Anon., 2018 Wrike [Online] Available 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