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Higher Nationals in Computing UNIT 30 WEBSITE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT No.1 Learner’s name: ĐÀO VĨNH KHANG Assessor name: TRUNG NAM Class: GCS0905B Learner’s ID: GCS200222 Assignment due: Assignment submitted: ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name ĐÀO VĨNH KHANG Student ID GCS200222 Class GCS0905B Assessor name TRUNG NAM Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 KHANG M2 M3 D1  Summative Feedback: Grade: Signature & Date:  Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Date: Assignment Brief (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing Student Name/ID Number: Unit Number and Title: Unit 10: Website Design & Development Academic Year: 2021 – 2022 Unit Assessor: Hoang Nhu Vinh Assignment Title: Web Technologies Issue Date: 01 April 2021 Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: The submission is in the form of two documents/files ● A ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentation which can be shared with your colleagues for feedback The presentation can include links to performance data with additional speaker notes and a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system The presentation slides for the findings should be submitted with speaker notes as one copy ● An extended guidebook or detailed report that provides more thorough, evaluated or critically reviewed technical information on all of the topics covered in the presentation Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student ● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style ● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism Failure to comply this requirement will result in a failed assignment Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites Assignment Brief and Guidance: You currently work for a software training company that produces courses and topic presentations to established companies and, importantly, to new start-ups MWS wishes to pursue a bespoke web-based e-commerce solution As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help inform and train staff members on the tools and techniques associated with front- and back-end development together with the technologies and services required to set up, host and manage a typical commercial website You will find more information in the file MWSCaseStudy.docx In addition to your presentation, you will also provide an extended guidebook containing further information for staff members or a detailed report containing a technical review of the topics covered in the presentation TASK Your presentation should include: Server technologies and the management services associated with hosting and managing websites A review of different website technologies supported with the tools and software used to develop websites (including the differences between online website creation tools and custom-built sites) TASK Write a guidebook Your extended guidebook or detailed report should include a summary of your presentation as well as additional, evaluated or critically reviewed technical notes on all the expected topics Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria (Assignment 1): Learning Outcome LO1 Pass Merit Distinction P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are organized and managed M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and frameworks with regards to website design, functionality, and management D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom-built website P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems, and web server software with regards to designing, publishing, and accessing a website M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance and provide evidencebased support for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization Following the actual process, after receiving a request from the DNS Recursive Resolver, the Root Name Server will respond that it should look in specific top-level domain name servers (TLD Name Servers) 2.2 DNS Recursor As mentioned above, this "hardware" acts as a diligent worker, taking on the task of retrieving and returning information to the browser to find the right information they need In other words, DNS Recursor is responsible for communicating with other servers to respond to the user's browser Of course, in the process of getting information, sometimes it will also need the help of Root DNS Server 2.3 TLD Nameserver When you want to access Google or Facebook, usually, your extension will be “.com” right? So, I want you to know that it is one of the Top-level Domains And the Server for this type of Top-level domain is called TLD Nameserver This is the manager of the entire information system of a common domain name extension In sequence, the TLD Name Server responds from the DNS Resolver, then presents it to an Authoritative DNS Server – or the official repository of that domain's data source 2.4 Authoritative Nameserver When the DNS Resolver finds the Authoritative Nameserver, that's when the domain name resolution takes place The Authoritative Name Server, on the other hand, contains information that indicates what address the domain name is associated with It will provide the Recursive Resolver with the necessary IP address found in its records directory P2/ Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems, and web server software with regards to designing, publishing, and accessing a website 1/ Explain of Communication Protocol 1.1/ Definition Communication protocols are formal descriptions of digital message formats and rules They are required to exchange messages in or between computing systems and are required in telecommunications Communications protocols cover authentication, error detection and correction, and signaling They can also describe the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of analog and digital communications Communications protocols are implemented in hardware and software There are thousands of communications protocols that are used everywhere in analog and digital communications Computer networks cannot exist without them 1.2/ Purpose Communication devices must agree on many physical aspects of the data being exchanged before successful transmission can occur Internal transmission rules are called protocols There are many attributes of a transmission that a protocol can define Common ones include packet size, transfer rate, error correction types, handshake and synchronization techniques, address mapping, recognition process, flow control, packet self-control, routing, address format 2/ Explain of Server hardware 2.1/ Definition The main server is a complex system that has the task of centrally storing data sources, processing, and accessing information coming from other computers over the Internet The server hardware equipment for a complete setup is like a desktop computer (also known as a PC) 2.2/ Purpose Servers often operate for a long time, without interruption, requiring very high availability, so hardware reliability and durability are extremely important criteria Because of this, when choosing a server, users should choose branded and reputable lines Many server hardware configurations take a long time to boot and load the operating system Servers typically preboot memory checks and start remote management services The hard-drive controllers then start the drives sequentially, but not all at once, so as not to overload the power supply with incremental boot, and then they start running to the system RAID requires checks for the correct operation of the backup device It may take longer than a computer that takes only a few minutes to boot, but it may not need to be restarted for months or years 3/ Explain of Operating systems 3.1/ Definition Operating system (abbreviated: OS), in the most general sense, is software that allows users to run other applications on a computer device, mobile device through hardware such as CPU, RAM, ROM, screen Although software applications can communicate directly with hardware, most applications are always written for an operating system, allowing them to take advantage of common libraries without having to worry about other operating systems specific hardware details 3.2/ Purpose The operating system consists of many components and features What features are defined as part of the operating system will vary from operating system to operating system However, the three components that are easiest to identify are: • Kernel: The kernel provides basic level controls over all computer hardware devices Key roles include: reading data from memory and writing data to memory, processing execution instructions, defining how data is received and sent by devices such as monitors, keyboards, mice, and monitors defines how to interpret data received from the network • User Interface: The User Interface allows interaction with the user through graphical icons and a desktop or through a command line • Application Programming Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces allow application developers to write modular code • • Examples of operating systems include: Android, iOS, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, and Linux Operating system features • • • An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between computer software and hardware It is a set of integrated specialized programs used to manage the overall resources and operation of the computer It is a specialized piece of software that controls and monitors the execution of all other programs located in the computer, including application programs and other system software 4/ Explain of Web server software 4.1/ Definition The web server is connected and linked to an extended computer network Web servers are installed with programs to serve web applications, contain all the data and take control The web server can take requests from the web browser and send the response back to the client via HTTP or another protocol 4.2/ Purpose "Server" is understood to mean: • Hardware configuration "Physical server" There are famous server manufacturers such as Dell servers, HP servers, IBM servers, Supermicro servers This physical server needs to install additional software to be able to use it The server can have many CPUs (currently up to 200 cores), many Ram sticks (currently 6144GB Ram can be installed / server), hard drives can install up to several hundred TB / server • or understood in terms of software - A server is a place to store / Install software programs so that many workstations can access the centralized data storage place through the internet Server in this sense can be "cloud vps" or even Hosting service But it can also be a system that includes a LOT of servers from all over the world, for example "google servers" means hundreds of thousands of servers all over the world P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies 1/ Front-end 1.1/ Definition The front-end part of a website is the part that interacts with the user Everything you see when you navigate the Internet, from fonts and colors to drop-down menus and sliders, is a combination of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript controlled by your browser friend Front-end developers are responsible for the look and feel of a website and the architecture of the user experience To accomplish those goals, front-end developers must master three main languages: HTML, CSS, and the JavaScript programming language 1.2/ Skills and tools Good front-end developers can also pinpoint specific issues in the user experience, providing recommendations and systematized solutions to influence that design Crucially, they have the ability to work with other groups in the company to understand their specific goals, needs, and opportunities, and then follow through on those directions This job involves a lot of responsibility, but it's well worth it “I am a technical person, but still a visual person, and can manipulate what we see and interact with digital platforms through markup and code spontaneously course,” said Mikey Ilagan, a frontend developer with eight years of experience “Because of that, I would love to have the ability to make an impact on the user interface, the aspects of an app or website that users interact with and see.” 2/ Back-end 2.1/ Definition What is backend? But what makes the front-end part of a website work? Where will all the data be stored? That's the back-end’s job The back end of a website includes a server, an application, and a database A back-end developer builds and maintains the technology that, the power of those components, enables the user interface part of a website to live on 2.2/ Skills and tools To make the server, application, and database interoperable, back-end developers use server-side languages such as PHP, Ruby, Python, Java, and Net to build an application, and tools like MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server to find, store, or change data and serve it back to the user in the front-end Back-end developer jobs also often require experience with PHP frameworks such as Zend, Symfony, and CakePHP; experience with version management software such as SVN, CVS, or Git; and experience with Linux in system development and deployment Backend developers use these tools to create or contribute to web applications with clean, portable, and well-documented code But before writing code, they need to work with business stakeholders to understand specific needs, then translate into technical requirements and come up with the most effective solutions for technology architecture 3/ Relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies While both experts fall under the jargon of online web developer, if you pick one direction in the front-end vs back-end developer debate, it could lead you to skip the other forever Unless you're prepared to go fully both directions When comparing front end and back end, first we need to understand basically what front end and back end are and what each developer does with them It is not difficult as these two majors have obvious differences despite being part of the same field Basically, front end developers everything created in your web browser or the client side Back-end developers, on the other hand, create server-side systems that make everything at the built interface work P4 A review of different website technologies supported with the tools and software used to develop websites 1/ Front End technologies A tech resume reviewer aimed at making Front End resumes more competitive The tool analyzes the resume and gives immediate improvement suggestions Axioms is A popular JavaScript library designed to handle HTTP requests in the browser and Node.js ecosystem Axioms is often used together with frameworks like React or Vue.js but can be used just as well with vanilla JavaScript A JavaScript library for developing high-performance and reliable web applications using the elm-inspired architecture, events, and components 2/ Back End technologies Backend technologies are paramount in the development of day-to-day software projects Whether you are a startup founder, IT head, or a corporate decision-maker, selecting the right backend technology is crucial to determining your project’s success Indeed, well-chosen backend technologies can guarantee scalability, and functioning speed and instantly respond to customers’ queries and needs Withal, it is challenging to pick the appropriate option, especially if you are a non-programmer This guide will share the top 10 backend technologies, features, limitations, and further details comprehensively Hopefully, it will assist backend developers, front-end developers, and full-stack developers in making the right decision 3/ Database The most common database technology today is the relational database Relational databases store data in a normalized way—that means the data is split up into different tables to avoid redundancy While relational databases have been around for quite a while now, they offer a versatile tool for both data storage and data management Both user-facing applications with high demands on performance and reporting software can be backed by a relational database However, there are cases when relational databases might not be your first choice One case is when the rigid structure of the data in a relational database does not fit the data that you want to store For example, you might want to store a JSON document without a specified schema It could, for example, be a configuration file or some form of user-generated data This is when NoSQL databases are useful The data is usually queried using an API or SDK instead of SQL, hence the name NoSQL These databases usually also provide very fast access to the stored data Instead of the database engine having to parse SQL and join the data you specified in your query, NoSQL databases are tuned to instantly fetch the requested data through their API 4/ IDE IDE Technologies was recognized this year for its work reactivating the desalination plant in Santa Barbara, California IDE's desalination technology extracts salt from seawater to provide potable water to areas suffering from water scarcity and drought conditions Across the globe, 700 million people not have access to enough clean water, and that number is expected to explode to 1.8 billion by 2025 By October 2016, IDE will be producing 30 percent of Santa Barbara's water IDE has built and operates other plants around the world including the world's largest desalination plant in Sorek, Israel which gained IDE recognition on last year's 50 Smartest Companies List 5/ CMS The most popular Content Management Systems (CMS) platforms available today commonly began as blogging platforms, such as WordPress, and served as an early form of a website builder This is because content plays a major role in the journey of building your online presence and brand, and blogs were an accessible way to use it Without it, you're going to struggle in today’s ruthless business world In fact, digital marketing is arguably one of the most important areas of commerce, although it’s often neglected WordPress has become an especially popular CMS, and there are lots of word press themes available that are free or paid for, ensuring you can have a professional-looking web design for your site without having to hire a freelance designer Also note that there are some niche platforms available, such as CMS for non-profits and online learning in particular REFERENCE 1/ DNS, Zhauniarovich, Yury, et al "A survey on malicious domains detection through DNS data analysis." ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 51.4 (2018): 1-36 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00521-015-2128-0 (20/4/2022) 2/ The software, Buracchini, Enrico "The software radio concept." IEEE Communications Magazine 38.9 (2000): 138-143 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/868153 (20/4/2022) 3/ Communication Protocol, Lai, Richard "A survey of communication protocol testing." Journal of Systems and Software 62.1 (2002): 21-46 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0164121201001327 (20/4/2022) 4/ Server hardware, Agrawal, Sandeep R., et al "Rhythm: Harnessing data parallel hardware for server workloads." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 49.4 (2014): 19-34 https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2644865.2541956 (20/4/2022) 5/ Operating systems, Anderson, Thomas E., et al "The interaction of architecture and operating system design." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 26.4 (1991): 108-120 https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/106973.106985 (20/4/2022) 6/ Web server software, Grottke, Michael, et al "Analysis of software aging in a web server." IEEE Transactions on reliability 55.3 (2006): 411-420 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1688077 (20/4/2022) 7/ Front-end, Wiler, Jennifer L., et al "Optimizing emergency department front-end operations." Annals of emergency medicine 55.2 (2010): 142-160 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10772-010-9088-7 8/ Back-end, Wallace, Byron C., et al "Closing the gap between methodologists and end-users: R as a computational backend." Journal of statistical software 49 (2012): 1-15 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7178797 (20/4/2022) 9/ Relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies, Günzel, Franziska, and Anna B Holm "One size does not fit all—understanding the front-end and back-end of business model innovation." International journal of innovation management 17.01 (2013): 1340002 https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/isre.1050.0045 (20/4/2022) 10/ Database, Kremer, J "The CORRONA database." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 64 suppl (2005): iv37-iv41 https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/45/D1/D945/2605707?login=true (20/4/2022) 11/ IDE, Zoulim, Fabien, and Stephen Lucarini "Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos (t) ide analogues." Gastroenterology 137.5 (2009): 1593-1608 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2000RG000092 (20/4/2022) 12/ CMS, CMS Collaboration Technical proposal for the upgrade of the CMS detector through 2020 No CMS-UG-TP-1 2011 https://cds.cern.ch/record/1753795 (20/4/2022)