(Luận văn) experiential meanings of american politicians speeches on covid 19

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN THỊ THẢO TRINH lu an n va tn to EXPERIENTIAL MEANINGS p ie gh OF AMERICAN POLITICIANS’ SPEECHES d oa nl w ON COVID-19 nf va an lu Field: English Linguistics Code: 22 02 01 z at nh oi lm ul Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Thu Hien z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN THỊ THẢO TRINH lu an n va tn to NGHĨA KINH NGHIỆM p ie gh TRONG CÁC BÀI PHÁT BIỂU w CỦA CÁC CHÍNH TRỊ GIA MỸ d oa nl VỀ COVID-19 nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul Chuyên ngành : Ngôn ngữ Anh Mã số : 22 02 01 Người hướng dẫn: PGS TS Nguyễn Thị Thu Hiền z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP This thesis represents my own work and due acknowledgment is given whenever information is derived from other sources No part of this thesis has been or is being concurrently submitted for any other qualification at any university except where due reference has been made in the text Quy Nhon, 2021 lu an va n NGUYỄN THỊ THẢO TRINH p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to express my great thanks in particular to Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, my supervisor, who has supported me a lot during the time I work on my thesis Her invaluable reading of the drafts as well as her useful feedback has contributed to the final form of this thesis Without her kind encouragement, her endless patience, her critical comments and her valuable materials, I cannot finish this thesis Besides, I would like to send my deep gratitude to all lecturers having lu an taken part in the training process of MA course at Quy Nhon University n va Also, I take this opportunity to thank my family for their love and kind tn to support during the time I worked on this work I am also grateful to my gh friends and classmates for their warm encouragement, help, and valuable p ie materials d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si iii ABSTRACT Based on Halliday & Matthiessen‟s Systemic Functional Grammar framework, the present study aimed to investigate experiential meanings by Transitivity System in 20 speeches made by American politicians on COVID - 19 The main purpose of the study is to explore kinds of processes and circumstances of clauses in their speeches, to find out the most dominant type of process and circumstance used in the speeches, and then to interpret how lu the American politicians experience the world in COVID-19 time The study an is a combination of qualitative, quantitative, descriptive, analytic, and va n synthetic method The results indicate that Material process, which is largely gh tn to concerned with actions and events of the external world, seems to occupy all p ie of the speeches Relational and Mental process also play a very important role in those speeches because they help the politicians express the reality from the oa nl w point of view of onlookers as well as their feeling and thinking in their speeches The analysis also reveals that the circumstances center round where d an lu and when activities happen with the high proportion of Location, which nf va reflects that the speakers strongly explain or describe the time and place of the lm ul events The findings of the study could serve as data for further z at nh oi understanding To learners, this kind of material is proved to be one of the effective instruments for improving their English skills and vocabulary z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS vi LIST OF TABLES vii lu LIST OF FIGURES viii an CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION va n 1.1 Rationale 1.2.1 Aim ie gh tn to 1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study p 1.2.2 Objectives nl w 1.3 Research Questions d oa 1.4 Scope of the Study an lu 1.5 Significance of the Study .4 1.6 Structure of the Thesis .5 nf va CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW .6 lm ul 2.1 Speech z at nh oi 2.2 Systemic Functional Grammar .6 2.3 Transitivity .8 z 2.3.1 Processes of Transitivity 10 @ gm 2.3.2 Circumstances 16 l 2.4 Previous studies 23 m co CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27 an Lu 3.1 Research Method 27 3.2 Data collection .27 n va ac th si v 3.3 Data analysis 28 3.4 Research procedure .28 3.5 Reliability and Validity 29 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 31 4.1 Processes 31 4.1.1 Material processes 32 4.1.2 Relational processes 38 4.1.3 Mental processes .40 4.1.4 Verbal processes .42 lu an 4.1.5 Existential processes .43 va n 4.1.6 Behavioural processes 45 4.2.1 Location 47 ie gh tn to 4.2 Circumstances 46 p 4.2.2 Manner 48 nl w 4.2.3 Cause .49 oa 4.2.4 Accompaniment .51 d 4.2.5 Matter 51 lu nf va an 4.2.6 Extent .52 4.2.7 Role 53 lm ul 4.2.8 Angle 54 z at nh oi 4.2.9 Contingency 54 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 56 5.1 Summary of the findings .56 z gm @ 5.2 Implications 57 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further research 58 l APPENDICES m co REFERENCES .59 an Lu n va ac th si vi ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS (a) Abbreviations Cir.: Circumstance Pro.: Process C1S5: Clause in speech (b) Conventions lu - Boldface is used to mark the first use of technical terms - Italics are used for examples, emphasis, and technical terms an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si vii LIST OF TABLES Table Summary of the process types .10 Table 2 Summary of circumstances and examples of realization 22 Table Distribution of process types 31 Table Distribution of circumstances in the speeches .47 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Context in relation to discourse- semantics and lexical-grammar Figure 2 The grammar of experience: types of process in English lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si AP.1 APPENDICES APPENDIX A LIST OF SPEECHES CODE TITLE WHO Director-General‟s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19, 16 March 2020 https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/ Remarks by President Biden on the anniversary of the COVID- 19 lu an shutdown n va https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches- tn to remarks/2021/03/11/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the- p ie gh anniversary-of-the-covid-19-shutdown/ April 09, 2020 nl w COVID-19 and the Economy oa Chair Jerome H Powell d At the Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy, The an lu Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C (via webcast) nf va lm ul Prime Minister's statement on coronavirus (COVID-19) - March z at nh oi 2020 https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ Prime Minister- Boris Johnson- addressed the nation on z https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ co Weekly press briefing on the COVID- 19 situation in America an Lu Opening Remarks, June 2, 2021 m l gm @ coronavirus n va ac th si AP.2 https://www.paho.org/en/media/weekly-press-briefing-covid-19situation-americas Trump‟s Oval office address on the coranavirus Watch President Donald Trump's address to the nation on coronavirus pandemic CNBC Television https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrPZBTNjX_o&t=13s The president‟s speech on COVID- 19 lu James S Brady Press Briefing Room an va https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/ Vice President‟s speech on COVID- 19 n to gh tn James S Brady Press Briefing Room Admoral Giroir‟s speech w 10 p ie https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/ oa nl James S Brady Press Briefing Room d https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/ Gov Gretchen Whitmer‟s speech on COVID- 19 an lu 11 Dr Janae Khaldoon‟s speech on COVID- 19 lm ul 12 nf va https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubGdNrbrRZY 13 WHO Director-General's opening remarks - UN General Assembly Special Session - December 2020 Dr Srikar Reddy‟ s speech on COVID- 19 z 14 z at nh oi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubGdNrbrRZY @ John Walsh‟s speech on COVID- 19 co l 15 gm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubGdNrbrRZY m President and CEO of the Michigan Manufacturers Association an Lu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubGdNrbrRZY n va ac th si AP.3 Judy Chu‟ s speech on COVID- 19 16 Congress Member, Chair of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus CNBC Television https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iaUt6dEgU Jerry Nadler‟s speech on COVID- 19 17 House Judiciary Committee Chair CNBC Television lu https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iaUt6dEgU an Grace Meng‟s speech on COVID- 19 va 18 n Congresswoman to gh tn CNBC Television Nancy Pelosi‟s speech on COVID- 19 w 19 p ie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iaUt6dEgU oa nl Congresswoman d an American politician serving as speaker of the United State lu an House of Representatives nf va CNBC Television Donald Beyer Jr., the Representative from Virginia CNBC Television z at nh oi 20 lm ul https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iaUt6dEgU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iaUt6dEgU z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si AP.4 APPENDIX B STATISTIC ANALYSIS OF DATA Processes: Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential lu Occurrence Frequency 46 30 29 3 Circumstances: Occurrence Frequency 31 19 15 an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle nf va an lu Processes: z at nh oi lm ul z co l Circumstances: Occurrence Frequency 11 m an Lu Circumstance Extent Occurrence Frequency 145 54 126 36 gm @ Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential n va ac th si AP.5 Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle 91 33 18 25 Processes: lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential an n va p ie gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 49 23 1 Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle Occurrence Frequency 29 22 1 d oa nl w Circumstances: nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z Processes: Occurrence Frequency 23 14 m co l an Lu Process Material Mental Relational gm @ n va ac th si AP.6 Behavioural Verbal Existential Circumstances: lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle an n va ie gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 13 10 p Processes: Occurrence Frequency 51 10 27 d oa nl w Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z Occurrence Frequency 26 1 m co l gm @ an Lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle Circumstances: n va ac th si AP.7 Processes: Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential Occurrence Frequency 33 13 31 Circumstances: lu an n va p ie gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 44 24 d oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle an lu nf va Processes: z at nh oi lm ul Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential z @ Occurrence Frequency 66 34 12 Occurrence Frequency 41 35 m co l an Lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner gm Circumstances: n va ac th si AP.8 Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle 12 Processes: lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential an n va gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 81 35 72 10 19 Circumstances: p ie Occurrence Frequency 34 23 d oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul Occurrence Frequency 70 22 36 18 m co l gm @ an Lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal z Processes: n va ac th si AP.9 Existential Circumstances: lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle Occurrence Frequency 52 30 12 13 an va 10 n p ie gh tn to Processes: Occurrence Frequency 52 36 45 d oa nl w Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential lu an Circumstances: nf va z at nh oi lm ul z gm @ Occurrence Frequency 31 25 m co l Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle an Lu n va ac th si AP.10 11 Processes: Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential Occurrence Frequency 62 20 44 1 Circumstances: lu an n va p ie gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 62 16 16 11 d 12 oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle lu an Processes: Occurrence Frequency 0 nf va Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential z at nh oi lm ul z Occurrence Frequency m co l gm an Lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause @ Circumstances: n va ac th si AP.11 Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle 13 Processes: lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential an n va Occurrence Frequency 27 21 44 p ie gh tn to Circumstances: Occurrence Frequency 34 14 d oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle nf va an lu z m co l Circumstances: an Lu Circumstance Occurrence Frequency 12 13 32 gm @ Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential Processes: z at nh oi lm ul 14 Occurrence Frequency n va ac th si AP.12 Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle 20 10 4 15 Processes: lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential an n va p ie gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 21 22 Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle Occurrence Frequency 40 1 d oa nl w Circumstances: nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z 16 Occurrence Frequency 26 17 m co l gm an Lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural @ Processes: n va ac th si AP.13 Verbal Existential Circumstances: lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle an Occurrence Frequency 20 0 n va to 17 p ie gh tn Processes: Occurrence Frequency 20 11 1 d oa nl w Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential nf va an lu Circumstances: z at nh oi lm ul z Occurrence Frequency 33 m co l gm @ Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle an Lu n va ac th si AP.14 18 Processes: Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential Occurrence Frequency 19 22 Circumstances: lu an n va p ie gh tn to Occurrence Frequency 27 14 4 d 19 oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle lu an Processes: Occurrence Frequency 23 16 10 nf va Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential z at nh oi lm ul z Occurrence Frequency 29 m co l gm an Lu Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause @ Circumstances: n va ac th si AP.15 Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle 20 Processes: lu Process Material Mental Relational Behavioural Verbal Existential an n va to Occurrence Frequency 7 p ie gh tn Circumstances: Occurrence Frequency 3 d oa nl w Circumstance Extent Location Manner Cause Contingency Accompaniment Role Matter Angle nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si