Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành công nghệ thông tin

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ HÀ NỘI GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH CƠNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN (ENGLISH FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) Chủ biên: Ths.Nguyễn Thị Thúy Lan GIÁO TRÌNH IN NỘI BỘ Hà Nội, 12/2021 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ HÀ NỘI GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH CHUN NGÀNH CƠNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN (ENGLISH FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) Tác giả: ThS Nguyễn Thị Thúy Lan ThS Thái Thanh Tùng Hà Nội, 12/2021 INTRODUCTION Nowadays English is one of the most common languages in the world It is widely used in every sphere of life, especially in Information Technology The aim of this book is to provide a basic knowledge of how English is used in Information Technology (IT) This book is designed particularly for the students in the Faculty of Information Technology of Hanoi Open University (FITHOU), who will use English not only for communicating but also for studying, researching and working in the future It is a highly recommended material for those who want to improve their English proficiency in order to acquire a better basic knowledge in both English and English for Information Technology There are 10 modules with 18 units covering major aspects of Information Technology using a variety of relevant materials taken from reliable sources such as specialized books and magazines With the purpose of helping students to acquire the basic computing knowledge and English for IT, the emphasis is on developing reading, speaking and writing skills Instruction on grammar and specialized language structures are also provided throughout the units The book also includes a very useful glossary, as well as the answer keys and many teaching notes It is designed as a user-friendly book with a clear layout, with many photos and graphics to illustrate the topics and better assist students in their study The authors have devoted a lot of time and effort in compiling this book Nevertheless, the book cannot escape from some shortcomings and the authors would like to apologise for any deficiencies found by readers The authors would highly appreciate users‘ comments and remarks for further improvements in the next edition Finally, the authors would like to express a sincere gratitude to Professor Thai Thanh Son, the former Dean of FITHOU for his valuable support in completion of this book We hope that all teachers and students will find this book an interesting and useful resource CONTENTS MODULE 1: COMPUTER TODAY UNIT 1: LIVING IN A DIGITAL AGE 1.1 The digital age 1.2 Language work 1.3 Computers at work 1.4 Other applications 1.5 Consolidation UNIT 2: INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER 10 2.1 Definition of computer 10 2.2 Computer Types 12 2.3 Reading 14 2.4 Language work 16 2.5 Consolidation 17 MODULE 2: INSIDE THE SYSTEM 23 UNIT 3: THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) 23 3.1 Technical specifications 23 3.2 What is inside a PC system? 23 3.3 Language work 26 3.4 How memory is measured? 27 3.5.Consolidation 28 3.6 Vocabulary 33 MODULE 3: INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES 34 UNIT INPUT DEVICES 34 4.1 Interacting with your computer 34 4.2 Describing input devices 35 4.3 Language work: Describing functions and features 35 4.4 The keyboard 37 4.5 Mouse actions 38 4.6 Consolidation 39 4.7 Vocabulary 42 UNIT 5: OUTPUT DEVICES 44 5.1 Screen Displays 44 5.2 Printer 45 5.3 Speaker 47 5.4 Projector 47 5.5 Plotter 48 5.6 Consolidation 48 5.7 Vocabulary 50 MODULE 4: MEMORY AND STORAGE DEVICE 52 UNIT 6: MAIN MEMORY AND TYPES OF MAIN MEMORY 52 6.1 Main Memory 52 6.2 Types of Main Memory 52 6.3 Primary Memory 53 6.4 Computer memory and computer storages 54 6.5 Consolidation 58 6.6 Vocabulary 61 UNIT 7: STORAGE DEVICE 62 7.1 Magnetic storage devices 62 7.2 Optical Storage 65 7.3 Flash memory 68 7.4 Consolidation 73 7.5 Vocabulary 76 MODULE : BASIC SOFTWARE 78 UNIT 8: DEFINITION OF SOFTWARE 78 8.1 Definition of software 78 8.2 Types of Software 79 8.3 Consolidation 80 8.4 Vocabulary 83 UNIT 9: TYPES OF BASIC SOFTWARE 85 9.1 System software 85 9.2 Application software 91 9.3 Consolidation 98 9.4.Vocabulary 102 MODULE 6: CREATIVE SOFTWARE 104 UNIT 10: GRAPHIC AND DESIGN 104 10.1 Discussions related to computer graphics 104 10.2 Reading: Computer graphics 104 10.3 Consolidation 107 10.4 Vocabulary 110 UNIT 11: DESKTOP PUBLISHING 111 11.1 Discussions related desktop publishing 111 11.2 Reading: What is desktop publishing? 111 11.3 Consolidation 112 11.4 Vocabulary 116 UNIT 12: MULTIMEDIA 117 12.1 Multiple forms of multimedia 117 12.2 Multimedia magic! 117 12.3 Consolidation 119 12.4 Vocabulary 123 UNIT 13 WEB DESIGN 124 13.1 A typical home page 124 13.2 Web page design 124 13.3 Consodilation 127 13.4 Vocabulary 130 MODULE 7: PROGRAMMING 132 UNIT 14 INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 132 14.1 Introduction to programming 132 14.2 Programming Languages 134 14.3 Consolidation 140 14.4 Vocabulary 143 MODULE 8: NETWORK AND INTERNET 145 UNIT 15: DEFINITION AND TYPES OF NETWORK 145 15.1 Definition Of Network 145 15.2 Types of Network 147 15.3 Reading: Networking FAQs 148 15.4 Language work 151 15.5 Consolidation 154 15.6 Vocabulary 157 UNIT 16: INTERNET AND EMAIL 159 16.1 Internet basics 159 16.2 Reading : Internet FAQs 160 16.3 Email features 163 16.4 Consolidation 164 16.5 Vocabulary 167 MODULE 9: E-COMMERCE 169 UNIT 17 : DEFINITION AND BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE 169 17.1 Definition of e-Commerce 169 17.2 Benefits of E- Commerce 169 17.3 Barriers to Business and Consumer Target Markets 170 17.4 Reading: Internet shopping: The inside story 171 17.5 Consolidation 172 17.6 Vocabulary 176 MODULE 10: WORKING IN IT 178 UNIT 18: IT JOB, DUTY AND YOUR FUTURE IN I.T 178 18.1 IT Job and Duty 178 18.2 Your future in IT 179 18.3 Consolidation 181 18.4 Vocabulary 184 APPENDIX 186 Terminology 186 Acronyms and abbreviations 218 REFERENCES 224 MODULE 1: COMPUTER TODAY Learning objectives In this module you will: * Talk and write about computer applications in everyday life * Study the basic structure of a computer system * Study the differences between certain types of computers * Learn how to classify computer devices UNIT 1: LIVING IN A DIGITAL AGE 1.1 The digital age A B C Match the captions (1-4) with the pictures (a-d) In education, computers can make all the difference _ Using a cashpoint, or ATM The Internet in your pocket Controlling air traffic _ How are computers used in the situations above? In pairs, discuss your ideas Read the following text and check your answers to B THE DIGITAL AGE We are now living in what some people call the digital age, meaning that computers have become an essential part of our lives Young people who have grown up with PCs and mobile phones are often called the digital generation Computers help students to perform mathematical operations and improve their maths skills They are used to access the Internet, to basic research and to communicate with other students around the world Teachers use projectors and interactive whiteboards to give presentations and teach sciences, history or language courses PCs are also used for administrative purposes - schools use word processors to write letters, and databases to keep records of students and teachers A school website allows teachers to publish exercises for students to complete online Students can also enroll for courses via the website and parents can download official reports Mobiles let you make voice calls, send texts, email people and download logos, ringtones or games With a built-in camera you can send pictures and make video calls in face-to-face mode New smartphones combine a telephone with web access, video, a games console, an MP3 player, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a GPS navigation system, all in one In banks, computers store information about the money held by each customer and enable staff to access large databases and to carry out financial transactions at high speed They also control the cashpoints, or ATMs (automatic teller machines), which dispense money to customers by the use of a PIN-protected card People use a Chip and PIN card to pay for goods and services Instead of using a signature to verify payments, customers are asked to enter a four-digit personal identification number (PIN), the same number used at cashpoints; this system makes transactions more secure With online banking, clients can easily pay bills and transfer money from the comfort of their homes Airline pilots use computers to help them control the plane For example, monitors display data about fuel consumption and weather conditions In airport control towers, computers are used to manage radar systems and regulate air traffic On the ground, airlines are connected to travel agencies by computer Travel agents use computers to find out about the availability of flights, prices, times, stopovers and many other detail ( Source: Infotech – English for computer users -4th edition) D When you read a text, you will often see a new word that you don't recognize If you can identify what type of word it is (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) it can help you guess the meaning Find the words (1-10) in the text above Can you guess the meaning from context? Are they nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs? Write n, v, adj or adv next to each word perform (line 4) _ word processor (line 8) online (line 10) download (line 11) _ build-in (line 14) _ digital (line 16) store (line 18) financial (line 19) _ monitor (line 28) 10 data (line 28) _ E Match the words in D (1-10) with the correct meanings (a-j) a keep, save b execute, c monetary d screen e integrated f connected to the Internet _ g collection of facts or figures h describes information that is recorded or broadcast using computers i program used for text manipulation _ j copy files from a server to your PC or mobile _ F In pairs, discuss these questions How are/were computers used in your school? How you think computers will be used in school in the future? 1.2 Language work: Collocations A Look at the HELP box and then match the verbs (1-5) with the nouns (a-e) to make collocations from the above text give keep access enter transfer a b c d e money a PIN Internet presentations records Help Box Collocations Verbs and nouns often go together in English to make set phrases, for example access to the Internet These words combination are called collocations, and they are very common Learning collocations instead of individual words can help you remember which verb to use with which noun Here are some examples from the text perform operations, research, make calls, send texts, display data, write letters, store information, complete exercises, carry out transactions few thousand bytes of ROM Contrast to RAM (random access or main memory) which is the amount of memory available for use by programs on your computer router: A device used for connecting two Local Area Networks (LANs); routers can filter packets and forward them according to a specified set of criteria RTF: Rich Text Format; a type of document formatting that enables special characteristics like fonts and margins to be included within an ASCII file May be used when a document must be shared among users with different kinds of computers (e.g., IBM PC or compatibles and Macintoshes) S safe mode: A way of starting your Windows computer that can help you diagnose problems; access is provided only to basic files and drivers SAN: A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated storage network that provides access to consolidated, block level storage SANs primarily are used to make storage devices (such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical jukeboxes) accessible to servers so that the devices appear as locally attached to the operating system A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are generally not accessible through the regular network by regular devices satellite transmission: A method of data transmission; the sender beams data up to an orbiting satellite and the satellite beams the data back down to the receiver screen reader: A software program that translates text on a Web page into audio output; typically used by individuals with vision impairment scroll bar: In a graphical user interface system, the narrow rectangular bar at the far right of windows or dialog boxes Clicking on the up or down arrow enables you to move up and down through a document; a movable square indicates your location in the document Certain applications also feature a scroll bar along the bottom of a window that can be used to move from side-to-side search engine: A tool that searches documents by keyword and returns a list of possible matches; most often used in reference to programs such as Google that are used by your web browser to search the Internet for a particular topic secure server: A special type of file server that requires authentication (e.g., entry a valid username and password) before access is granted 210 security token: A small device used to provide an additional level of authorization to access a particular network service; the token itself may be embedded in some type of object like a key fob or on a smart card Also referred to as an authentication token self-extracting file: A type of compressed file that you can execute (e.g., double-click on the filename) to begin the decompression process; no other decompression utility is required Example: on IBM PC or compatibles, certain files with an ".exe" extension and on Macintoshes, all files with a ".sea" extension serial port: An interface on a computer that supports transmission of a single bit at a time; can be used for connecting almost any type of external device including a mouse, a modem, or a printer server: A computer that is responsible for responding to requests made by a client program (e.g., a web browser or an e-mail program) or computer Also referred to as a "file server" shareware: Copyrighted software available for downloading on a free, limited trial basis; if you decide to use the software, you're expected to register and pay a small fee By doing this, you become eligible for assistance and updates from the author Contrast to public domain software which is not copyrighted or to freeware which is copyrighted but requires no usage fee signature: A file containing a bit of personal information that you can set to be automatically appended to your outgoing e-mail messages; many network newsreaders also have this capability Large signatures over five lines generally are frowned upon SIMM: Single In-line Memory Module; a small circuit board that can hold a group of memory chips; used to increase your computer's RAM in increments of 1,2, 4, or 16 MB SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol; a method of handling outgoing electronic mail software: Any program that performs a specific function Examples: word processing, spreadsheet calculations, or electronic mail spam: Email spam, also known as junk email or unsolicited bulk email (UBE), is a subset of spam that involves nearly identical messages sent to numerous recipients by email Definitions of spam usually include the aspects that email is unsolicited and 211 sent in bulk Spammers collect email addresses from chatrooms, websites, customer lists, newsgroups, and viruses which harvest users' address books, and are sold to other spammers They also use a practice known as ―email appending‖ or "epending" in which they use known information about their target (such as a postal address) to search for the target's email address Also see "Anti-Spam" streaming (streaming media): A technique for transferring data over the Internet so that a client browser or plug-in can start displaying it before the entire file has been received; used in conjunction with sound and pictures Example: The Flash Player plug-in from Adobe Systems gives your computer the capability for streaming audio; RealPlayer is used for viewing sound and video spyware: Any software that covertly gathers user information, usually for advertising purposes, through the user's Internet connection subdirectory: An area on a hard disk that contains a related set of files; on IBM PC or compatibles, a level below another directory On Macintoshes, subdirectories are referred to as folders SVGA: Super VGA (Video Graphics Array); a set of graphics standards for a computer monitor that offers greater resolution than VGA There are several different levels including 800 x 600 pixels, 1024 by 768 pixels, 1280 by 1024 pixels; and 1600 by 1200 pixels Although each supports a palette of 16 million colors, the number of simultaneous colors is dependent on the amount of video memory installed in the computer T table: With reference to web design, a method for formatting information on a page Use of tables and the cells within also provide a way to create columns of text Use of tables vs frames is recommended for helping to make your web site ADA-compliant TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; an agreed upon set of rules that tells computers how to exchange information over the Internet Other Internet protocols like FTP, Gopher, and HTTP sit on top of TCP/IP Telephony: Telephony encompasses the general use of equipment to provide voice communication over distances, specifically by connecting telephones to each other Dataprise's expert team of telecommunication consultants can design and 212 implement a system that is feature rich, simple to use and integrates seamlessly with your existing business applications telnet: A generic term that refers to the process of opening a remote interactive login session regardless of the type of computer you're connecting to terminal emulation: The act of using your desktop computer to communicate with another computer like a UNIX or IBM mainframe exactly as if you were sitting in front of a terminal directly connected to the system Also refers to the software used for terminal emulation Examples: the Telnet program for VT100 emulation and QWS3270 (Windows) and TN3270 (Macintosh) for IBM3270 fullscreen emulation TIFF: Tag Image File Format; a popular file format for storing bit-mapped graphic images on desktop computers The graphic can be any resolution and can be black and white, gray-scale, or color Files of this type usually have the suffix ".tif" as part of their name token: A group of bits transferred between computers on a token-ring network Whichever computer has the token can send data to the other systems on the network which ensures only one computer can send data at a time A token may also refer to a network security card, also known as a hard token tool bar: On a graphical user interface system, a bar near the top of an application window that provides easy access to frequently used options Trojan horse: A harmless-looking program designed to trick you into thinking it is something you want, but which performs harmful acts when it runs tweet: An update of 140 characters or less published by a Twitter user meant to answer the question, "What are you doing?" which provides other users with information about you Twitter: A service that allows users to stay connected with each other by posting updates, or "tweets," using a computer or cell phone or by viewing updates posted by other users twisted pair cable: A type of cable that is typically found in telephone jacks; two wires are independently insulated and are twisted around each other The cable is thinner and more flexible than the coaxial cable used in conjunction with 10Base-2 or 10Base-5 213 standards Most Ohio State UNITS telephone jacks have three pairs of wires; one is used for the telephone and the other two can be used for 10Base-T Ethernet connections U UNIX: A popular multitasking computer system often used as a server for electronic mail or for a web site UNIX also is the leading operating system for workstations, although increasingly there is competition from Windows NT which offers many of the same features while running on an PC or compatible computer upload: The process of transferring one or more files from your local computer to a remote computer The opposite action is download USB: Universal Serial Bus; a connector on the back of almost any new computer that allows you to quickly and easily attach external devices such as mice, joysticks or flight yokes, printers, scanners, modems, speakers, digital cameras or webcams, or external storage devices Current operating systems for Windows and Macintosh computers support USB, so it's simple to install the device drivers When a new device is connected, the operating system automatically activates it and begins communicating USB devices can be connected or disconnected at any time username: A name used in conjunction with a password to gain access to a computer system or a network service URL: Uniform Resource Locator; a means of identifying resources on the Internet A full URL consists of three parts: the protocol (e.g., FTP, gopher, http, nntp, telnet); the server name and address; and the item's path The protocol describes the type of item and is always followed by a colon (:) The server name and address identifies the computer where the information is stored and is preceded by two slashes (//) The path shows where an item is stored on the server and what the file is called; each segment of the location is preceded by a single slash (/) Examples: The URL for the Dataprise home page is http://www.dataprise.com USB port: An interface used for connecting a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device to computer; these ports support plug and play utility: Commonly refers to a program used for managing system resources such as disk drives, printers, and other devices; utilities sometimes are installed as memory-resident 214 programs Example: the suite of programs called Norton Utilities for disk copying, backups, etc V VDI: Virtual Desktop Infrastructure or "VDI," is a desktop-centric service that hosts users' desktop environments on remote servers and/or blade PCs, which are accessed over a network using a remote display protocol virtual classroom: An online environment where students can have access to learning tools any time Interaction between the instructor and the class participants can be via e-mail, chat, discussion group, etc virtualization: Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or network resources In hardware virtualization, the term host machine refers to the actual machine on which the virtualization takes place; the term guest machine, however, refers to the virtual machine Likewise, the adjectives host and guest are used to help distinguish the software that runs on the actual machine from the software that runs on the virtual machine The software or firmware that creates a virtual machine on the host hardware is called a hypervisor or Virtual Machine Monitor virtual classroom: An online environment where students can have access to learning tools any time Interaction between the instructor and the class participants can be via e-mail, chat, discussion group, etc virtual reality: An artificial environment created with computer hardware and software to simulate the look and feel of a real environment A user wears earphones, a special pair of gloves, and goggles that create a 3D display Examples: manipulating imaginary 3D objects by "grabbing" them, taking a tour of a "virtual" building, or playing an interactive game virus: A program intended to alter data on a computer in an invisible fashion, usually for mischievous or destructive purposes Viruses are often transferred across the Internet as well as by infected diskettes and can affect almost every type of computer Special antivirus programs are used to detect and eliminate them VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol; a means of using the Internet as the transmission medium for phone calls An advantage is you not incur any additional surcharges beyond the cost of your Internet access 215 VPN: Virtual Private Networking; a means of securely accessing resources on a network by connecting to a remote access server through the Internet or other network W WAN: Wide Area Network; a group of networked computers covering a large geographical area (e.g., the Internet) WAP: Wireless Application Protocol; a set of communication protocols for enabling wireless access to the Internet WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy; a security protocol for wireless local area networks defined in the 802.11b standard WEP provides the same level of security as that of a wired LAN Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity; A generic term from the Wi-Fi Alliance that refers to of any type of 802.11 network (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11a, dual-band, etc.) Products approved as "Wi-Fi Certified" (a registered trademark) are certified as interoperable with each other for wireless communications Wildcard: A special character provided by an operating system or a particular program that is used to identify a group of files or directories with a similar characteristic Useful if you want to perform the same operation simultaneously on more than one file Example: the asterisk (*) that can be used in DOS to specify a groups of files such as *.txt window: On a graphical user interface system, a rectangular area on a display screen Windows are particularly useful on multitasking systems which allow you to perform a number of different tasks simultaneously Each task has its own window which you can click on to make it the current process Contrast to a "dialog box" which is used to respond to prompts for input from an application Windows: A casual way of referring to the Microsoft Windows operating systems wireless(networking) The ability to access the Internet without a physical network connection Devices such as cell phones and PDAs that allow you to send and receive e-mail use a wireless Internet connection based on a protocol called WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 216 At this point, web sites that contain wireless Internet content are limited, but will multiply as the use of devices relying on WAP increases wizard: A special utility within some applications that is designed to help you perform a particular task Example: the wizard in Microsoft Word that can guide you through creating a new document WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network; the computers and devices that make up a wireless network workstation: A graphical user interface (GUI) computer with computing power somewhere between a personal computer and a minicomputer (although sometimes the distinction is rather fuzzy) Workstations are useful for development and for applications that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities World Wide Web: A hypertext-based system of servers on the Internet Hypertext is data that contains one or more links to other data; a link can point to many different types of resources including text, graphics, sound, animated files, a network newsgroup, a telnet session, an FTP session, or another web server You use a special program called a "browser" (e.g., Firefox or Internet Explorer) for viewing World Wide Web pages Also referred to as "WWW" or "the web" worm: A program that makes copies of itself and can spread outside your operating system worms can damage computer data and security in much the same way as viruses WWW: An abbreviation for World Wide Web WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get; a kind of word processor that does formatting so that printed output looks identical to what appears on your screen X XHTML: Extensible Hypertext Markup Language A spinoff of the hypertext markup language (HTML) used for creating Web pages It is based on the HTML 4.0 syntax, but has been modified to follow the guidelines of XML and is sometimes referred to as HTML 5.0 XML: Extensible Markup Language; A markup language for coding web documents that allows designers to create their own customized tags for structuring a page 217 Z Zip : compress (a file) so that it takes less space in storage ZIP Code: is a postal code used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) Introduced in 1963, the basic format consisted of five digits Acronyms and abbreviations ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AI Artificial Intelligent ALGOL Algorithmic Language, a problem –oriented high programming language for mathematical and scientific use ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit API Application Program Interface ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange AT Advance Technology The AT was born in 1984 with the introduction of the IBM PC –AT Most ATs have 286 processors ATM -Adobe Type Manager -Automated Telling Machine BASIC Beginner‘s All –purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BBS Bulletin Board System BCPL System programming language from which the language C was derived BIOS Basic Input/ Output System C A high-level language designed for system programming usually ( but not exclusively) for software development in the Unix environment CAD Computer Aided Design CAE Computer Aided Engineering 218 level CAI Computer Assisted Instruction CALL Computer-Assisted Language Learning CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing CASE Computer –Aided Software Engineering CD Compact Disk CD-R Compact Disk –Recordable CD-ROM Compact Disk –Read Only Memory CD-RW CD-Rewritable CGA Colour Graphics Adaptor COBOL Common Business Oriented Language CRT Cathode Ray Tube CU Control Unit DBMS Database Management System DD -Disk driver; - Double Density DDE Dynamic Data Exchange DNS Domain Name System DOS Disk Operating System DPI Dots per inch DS disks Double sided disks DTP Desktop Publishing DTV Desktop Video DVD Digital Video Disk (Digital Versatile Disk) DVI Digital Video Interactive EDIF Electronic Data Interchange Format EGA Enhanced Graphics Adaptor EOD Erasable Optical Disk EPRAM Erasable Programmable RAM EPS (F) Encapsulated PostScript (file) FAQ FD Frequently Asked Questions, a file containing answers to questions that the Internet users frequently ask Floppy Disk FDD Floppy Disk Drive FDDI Fibre Distributed Data Interface 219 FDHD Floppy Disk High Density FORTRAN FORmulaTRANslation FPT File Transfer Protocol GB Gigabyte (1,024 megabytes) GHz Gigahertz equivalent to one thousand megahertz GIF Graphic Interchange Format GNU Gnu‘s not Unix HD -Hard disk; - High Density disk HDD Hard Disk Drive HDTV High- definition Television HP Hewlett-Packard HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language , codes used on the Web pages HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the method by which Web pages are transferred from an Internet site to your PC Hertz (unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second), named after Hemnrich Hertz International Business Machine Hz IBM IDE -Interface Converter (Card) -Integrated Circuit Integrated Drive Electronics, a standard hard disk controller IGES Internal Graphics Exchange Specification I/F Interface I/O Input/ Output IP Internet Protocol IRC Internet Relay Chat ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISP Internet Service Provider IT Information Technology JPEG Joint Photographic compression K -Kilo, used to denote a thousand - 1,024 bytes KB kilobyte (1,024 bytes) IC Experts‘ 220 Group Standard in image Kbps kilobits per second KHz kilohertz 1,000 cycles per second LAN Local Area Network Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation LCD Liquid Crystal Display LISP LISt Processing high-level language used for artificial research LP Linear Programming MB -Megabyte: one million bytes -Mother Board MBPS Megabyte Per Second MC Memory Card MDA Monochrome Display Adaptor MHz Megahertz, one million cycle per second MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension: a standard for attaching files to e-mail messages MODEM MOdulator/DEmodulator MP3 MPEC Moving Pictures Expert‘s Group: compressing and decompressing images MS Millisecond, thousand of a second MS-DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System NAS Network Application Support NIC Network Interface Card OCR Optical Character Recognition OOP Object Oriented Programming OROM Optical Read-Only Memory OS Operating System 221 standard for OSF Open Software Foundation PC Personal Computer PDA Personal Digital Assistant which includes an address book, a calendar, internet access… PDF Portable document formatted to distribute text files over the Internet It can be read with Adobe Acrobat PGA Personal Graphics Adaptor PICON picture icon PIXEL picture element PPD PostScript Page Description PPI pixels per inch POP Point of Presence, the location you dial into when you want to access to the Internet PPP Point to Point Protocol allows computer to use modems and to have access to the Internet PROM Programmable Read Only Memory PS PostScript RAM Random Access Memory RGB Red, Green, Blue ROM Read Only Memory SCSI Small Computer System Interface SIMMs Single In –line Memory Modules: circuit boards which contain RAM chips SMS Short Message Service which allows you to send short text message with maximum 160 characters to GSM mobile phones worldwide SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SNA System Network Architecture: data network protocol developed by IBM 222 SQL Structured Query Language TB Terabyte: One million megabytes TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol /Internet Protocol, the language used for data transfer on the Internet TELEX TEleprinterEXchange TFT Thin Film Transistor In a TFT display, each pixel is produced by three tiny transistors, each one for red, green and blue This allows for very clear and stable pictures URL Uniform Resource Locator, an address of Web site‘s location on the Internet USB Universal Serial Bus VAX Virtual Address eXtension VDT Video Display Terminal VDU Visual Display Unit VGA Video Graphics Array VMS Virtual Memory System VRAM Video Random Access Memory a common type of video card memory/or colourful graphics WAN Wide Area Network WAP Wireless Application Protocol which enables mobile phones to access the Internet WIMP Window, Icon, Mouse and Pointer WORM Write One Read Many WP Word Processor WWW World Wide Web WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get XGA eXtended Graphics Arrays XT eXtended Technology The XT was born in 1983 with the launch of the IBM PC XT 223 REFERENCES David, H., & Bonany, D (2012) English for Information Technology -Vocational English course book Pearson Longman Vocational English series David, H (2012) English for Information Technology 2-Vocational English Test book Pearson Longman Vocational English series Santiago, R E (2009) Infotech – English for computer users (Forth edition) Cambridge University Express Chung van Chau.(2019) A course of basic English for computer science, Nhà xuất GTVT Powers, G (1996) Computing studies Heinemann Education Jon, M (2007) Check your English vocabulary for computer and Information Technology A&C Black Publishes Ltd Eric, H G & John, M (2003) Basic English for Computing, Oxford University Press Eric, H G & John, M (2006) Oxford English for Information Technology.Oxford University Press Powers, G (1992) Computing studies Heinemann Education 10 Thiet Thi Nguyen, Hanh Thi Hong Le(2001) Bài giảng Tiếng Anh công nghệ thông tin- Học viện Công Nghệ Bưu Chính Viễn Thơng 11 Santiago, R E (2001) English for IT & Computer Learners Nhà xuất trẻ 12 English for computer science (1999), Nhà xuất thống kê 13 Santiago, R E (2003) Infotech – English for computer users (Second edition) Cambridge University Express 14 John, M (2003) English for Information Technology Oxford University Press 15 https://www.bgateway.com/resources/computer-software-the-basics 16 https://www.simplyeffectivewebdesign.com/five-elements-of-multimedia/ 17 https://www.thebalancesmb.com/advantages-of-ecommerce 18 https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/types-of-it-jobs 224