CHAPTER 4 REPORTED SPEECH A REPORT STATEMENTS (Trần thuật tình huống) Ví dụ Tom said “I will go to England tomorrow” (mệnh đề giới thiệu) (mệnh đề trần thuật) => Tom said (that) he would go to England[.]
CHAPTER 4: REPORTED SPEECH A REPORT STATEMENTS (Trần thuật tình huống) Ví dụ: Tom said: “I will go to England tomorrow” (mệnh đề giới thiệu) (mệnh đề trần thuật) => Tom said (that) he would go to England the next day Để trần thuật tình huống, cần trải qua bước sau: Bước 1: Viết lại mệnh đề giới thiệu, lược bỏ dấu “…” Bước 2: Thay đổi chủ ngữ mệnh đề trần thuật cho phù hợp với mệnh đề giới thiệu Bước 3: Lùi động từ mệnh đề trần thuật Bước 4: Thay đổi tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu mệnh đề trần thuật cho phù hợp với mệnh đề giới thiệu Bước 5: Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian trạng từ địa điểm mệnh đề trần thuật * Sự chuyển đổi Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp đơn khứ đơn tiếp diễn khứ tiếp diễn hoàn thành khứ hoàn thành khứ đơn khứ hoàn thành khứ tiếp diễn khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn khứ hoàn thành khứ hoàn thành can could will would shall should may might must had to * Sự chuyển đổi trạng ngữ thời gian nơi chốn Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Today that day Tonight that night Now Then Ago Before Yesterday the day before last week the week before next week/ the week after tomorrow the day after this That these Those here There Chú ý: Đa phần động từ tường thuật khứ Tuy vậy, động từ tường thuật Khi động từ tường thuật thì ta khơng lùi Ngồi ta phải chuyển đổi ngơi cho phù hợp với tình Ví dụ: Mary says ‘I am from England” => Mary says (that) she is from England Exercise 1: Change into reported speech: normal type Nam said, “I was at school after o’clock last night.” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Thu said, “All the students will have a meeting next week.” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Phong said, “My parents are very proud of my good marks” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… The teacher said, “All the homework must be done carefully” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Her brother said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Hoa said, “I may visit my parents in the summer” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… The teacher said, “We can collect old books for the poor students” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… She said, “My mother doesn’t buy this book” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… The boys said, “We have to try our best to win the match” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… 10 Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Exercise 2: Change into reported speech They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… His brother told him “You can use my computer today” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Mai said “I cannot go to the movies with you, Nam” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… Tom said “I have already had breakfast, so I am not hungry” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… I said to Nick “You don’t have to it right now You can it tomorrow” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… He said to them “Your supervisor will be here in five minutes.” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… She said to me “I want to lend you my bike, but my brother has broken it yesterday I’m so sorry.” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… 10 Mother said to me “The sun rises in the East.” - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………… B REPORT QUESTIONS Động từ tường thuật thường asked/ wondered/ wanted to know Với dạng câu Yes/ No question Ví dụ: She asked me, “Do you like reading books?” => She asked me if I liked reading books Để trần thuật lại câu hỏi YES/NO, làm tương tự, thay đổi Bước 1: Viết lại mệnh đề giới thiệu, lược bỏ dấu “…” , thêm IF/WHETHER Bước 2: Chuyển trợ động từ vị trí sau chủ ngữ (nếu trợ động từ DO, DOES, DID lược bỏ) Bước 3: Thay đổi chủ ngữ mệnh đề trần thuật cho phù hợp với mệnh đề giới thiệu Bước 4: Lùi động từ mệnh đề trần thuật Bước 5: Thay đổi tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu mệnh đề trần thuật cho phù hợp với mệnh đề giới thiệu Bước 6: Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian trạng từ địa điểm mệnh đề trần thuật Ví dụ: He said, “Can you speak English, Mary?” => He asked Mary whether she could speak English Exercise 3: Change into reported speech: question: yes/no question “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… She said to me, “Can you speak Chinese?” - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… 10 “Were you reading this book at o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Với dạng câu Wh question Ví dụ: He said, “What is her name?” => He asked what her name was Để trần thuật lại câu hỏi WH-word, làm tương tự, thay đổi Bước 1: Viết lại mệnh đề giới thiệu, lược bỏ dấu “…” , giữ nguyên WH-word Bước 2: Chuyển trợ động từ vị trí sau chủ ngữ (nếu trợ động từ DO, DOES, DID lược bỏ) Bước 3: Thay đổi chủ ngữ mệnh đề trần thuật cho phù hợp với mệnh đề giới thiệu Bước 4: Lùi động từ mệnh đề trần thuật Bước 5: Thay đổi tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu mệnh đề trần thuật cho phù hợp với mệnh đề giới thiệu Bước 6: Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian trạng từ địa điểm mệnh đề trần thuật Ví dụ: She said to him, “Where you live?” => She asked him where he lived Exercise 4: Change into reported speech: question: wh-question “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?” - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “How many oranges are there in the fridge?” Tam asked Lien - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… The teacher said to Lien, “What is your hobby?” - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “How you go to the airport?” His friend asked him - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Mai - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Ba asked Tam, “How often you wash your clothes?” - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “When will your father leave Vietnam for USA?” Phong asked Thu - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… 10 “How many books the students need?” The librarian asked my teacher - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… C REPORT AN INVITATION, A REQUEST, A SUGGESTION … Động từ tường thuật thường told/ asked/ ordered/ commanded, requested Khẳng định: S + asked/ told + O + to V-inf Phủ định: S + asked/ told + O + not to V-inf Ví dụ: The teacher said, “Answer the question, Nam.” => The teacher told Nam to answer the question Ví dụ: Nam said to his friend, “Don’t shut the door.” => Nam asked his friend not to shut the door Exercise 5: Change into reported speech: request Teacher to John “Write that exercise carefully” Teachers requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Mrs Green said “Please sing at our party, Mary” Mrs Green invited - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Teacher to John “Be careful Think before you answer” Teachers requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Tom “Read my exercise, John, and tell me if it is correct” Tom requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… She said to him, “Give me another glass of wine” She requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “It is cold here, is the window open?” He asked me He requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… The pupil said “Teacher, give us better marks, please” The pupil requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “What a dirty face you have!” Ann said to her son Ann requested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Don’t come back before one o’clock” advised my brother My brother advised - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… 10 “Can you tell me where the bus station is” she said to me She asked - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… D REPORT AN EXCLAMATION Câu cảm thán bắt đầu What + (a/an) / How + ! thường thuật lại động từ exclaim/ say that Ví dụ: What a lovely garden! She exclaimed/ said that it was a lovely garden She exclaimed/ said that the garden was lovely Exercise 6: Change into reported speech: request “It is a very nice evening Why don’t we go out for a walk?” Mrs Brown suggested - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Why don’t we come to visit our teacher today?” he said (suggest) - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “My advice to you is to morning exercises” she said (advise) - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Be modest if you are a good pupil” said my father - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Don’t forget to send your parents my regards” she said to me - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Have you got shampoo, Alice? I must wash my hair.” Johnny asked - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “Do as I tell you or you will be punished.” he said - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… “I shouldn’t that if I were you Isn’t it very dangerous” he said - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… Mary said, “I cannot go to the movie with you, John” - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… 10 “Shut the door but don’t lock it” she said to us - ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………