khoá luận ngành Ngôn ngữ Anh, nghiên cứu về các thuật ngữ tiếng Anh qua giáo trình tiếng Anh thương mại New Market Leader Preintermediate. Market Leader is a multilevel business English course for business English students and business English students. It has been developed in conjunction with the Financial Times, one of the leading sources of business information in the world. However, there are many students who have learned to have problems with communication skills, when they use business English terms. This study aims to analyze business English terms in books, factors affecting learners and offer solutions to help learners overcome difficulties in learning terms. Questioning method to analyze and find solutions for terms. Subjects are terms used in Market Leader Preintermediate course book,
HUNG YEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GRADUATION PAPER: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS A STUDY ON BUSINESS ENGLISH TERMINOLOGIES USED IN THE COURSE BOOK “MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE” NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THUẬT NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THƯƠNG MẠI SỬ DỤNG TRONG GIÁO TRÌNH “MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE” SUPERVISOR: NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH HẠNH STUDENT: NGUYỄN THỊ THÁI HỊA STUDENT NUMBER: 11318083 Hung Yen, 2022 HUNG YEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GRADUATION PAPER: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS A STUDY ON BUSINESS ENGLISH TERMINOLOGIES USED IN THE COURSE BOOK “MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE” NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THUẬT NGỮ TIẾNG ANH THƯƠNG MẠI SỬ DỤNG TRONG GIÁO TRÌNH “MARKET LEADER PRE-INTERMEDIATE” SUPERVISOR: NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH HẠNH STUDENT: NGUYỄN THỊ THÁI HỊA STUDENT NUMBER: 11318083 Hung Yen, 2022 i DECLARATION I certify my authorship of the study report entitled “A study on Business English terminologies used in the Course book “Market Leader Pre-intermediate” This graduation paper is the result of my research and the substance of this graduation paper has not been submitted for a degree to any other university or institution and that if this declaration is found to be false, disciplinary measures and penalties can be taken and imposed following university policies and rules Thanks! Hung Yen, 2022 Nguyen Thi Thai Hoa ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the process of doing this graduation paper, I have received much necessary assistance, precious ideas, and timely encouragement from my teachers, family, and friends This paper could not have been completed without the help, encouragement, and support from several people who all deserve my sincerest gratitude and appreciation First of all, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor – Mrs Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh, the English teacher of the Faculty of Foreign Language, who has always been willing to give me valuable advice and suggestions so that I can complete successfully this study I also would like to take this opportunity to show my sincere thanks to all my teachers at the Faculty of Foreign Languages, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, who have handed me basic knowledge to complete this study I would like to acknowledge my thanks to all the authors of the books, magazines, and the other materials listed in the reference part for their ideas that have been reflected and developed in the study I am equally indebted to my classmates for their suggestions and encouragement in the process of my study Last but not least, my particular thanks are given to my parents for their encouragement and support which played an important role in my graduation paper iii ABSTRACT Market Leader is a multi-level business English course for business English students and business English students It has been developed in conjunction with the Financial Times, one of the leading sources of business information in the world However, there are many students who have learned to have problems with communication skills, when they use business English terms This study aims to analyze business English terms in books, factors affecting learners and offer solutions to help learners overcome difficulties in learning terms Questioning method to analyze and find solutions for terms Subjects are terms used in the UTEHY "Market Leader Pre-intermediate" course book, belonging to the FFL The data obtained are based on the terminology used in the course book “Market Leader Pre-intermediate” The results of the analysis of factors affecting the use of business English terms by learners show that business English is the most difficult subject for them It is based on factors of difficulty affecting learners related to terms translation skills, speaking skills, listening skills, reading skills and writing skills To solve these problems and wish to improve the current situation, the researcher offers a solution so that students can learn better terms and develop business skills such as using technical terms They able to use business terms to write letters or reports, talk with friends, negotia and using English in social situations iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study 1.2 Aim and objectives of the study 1.3 Research question(s) 1.4 Subjects of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Structure of the study CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………4 2.1 Overview of terminology 2.1.1 Definition of terminology 2.1.2 The authors 2.1.3 Structural characteristics 2.2 Type of terms 2.3 Functions of terms 2.4 Writing file 2.4.1 E-mails 2.4.2 Proposals 2.4.3 Letter 11 v 2.4.4 Reports 13 2.4.5 Investment plans 15 2.4.6 Notices 17 2.5 Learners have difficulty with terminology 18 2.6 Common terms problem 18 2.6.1 Time management 18 2.6.2 Lack of terminology 18 2.6.3 Lazy.…….… ……………………………………………………19 2.6.4 Psychological factors 19 2.7 Criteria of good terms 20 2.7.1 Time management 20 2.7.2 Learn terminology 21 2.7.3.Practice hard and regularly……………………………………………23 CHAPTER 3: THE STUDY 24 3.1 Medthodoly…………………………………………………………24 3.2 Research setting 24 3.3 Data collection process……………………………………………………24 3.4 Factors affect when studying the book Market Leader 25 3.4.1 Difficulties translating meaning of English to Vietnamese terms 25 3.4.1.1 The meaning of terms……………………………………………….25 3.4.1.2 Fear of mistake 25 3.4.1.3 Arrange word 26 3.4.2 Speaking Skills 26 3.4.2.1 Pronunciation 27 3.4.2.2 Influence 27 vi 3.4.2.3 Practice thinking in English…………………………………27 3.4.2.4 Lack of Confidence 28 3.4.3 Listening skills 28 3.4.3.1 Lack of vocabulary 28 3.4.3.2 Pronunciation 28 3.4.3.3 Concentration 29 3.4.3.4 Listening methods 29 3.4.5 Writing skills 30 3.4.5.1 Lack of vocabulary…………………………………………………31 3.4.5.2 Mistake grammar…………………………………………… …… 31 3.4.5.3 Incorrect translation ……………………………………… 31 3.5 Suggest the way to solve to improve business English terms 33 3.5.1 Translating English to Vietnamese terms 33 3.5.1.1 The meaning of terms 33 3.5.1.2 Fear of mistake 37 3.5.1.3 Arrange word 37 3.5.2 Speaking skill 37 3.5.2.1 Pronounce 38 3.5.2.2 Influence 38 3.5.2.3 Practice thinking in English 38 3.5.2.4 Confidence 39 3.5.3 Listening skills 40 3.5.3.1.Lack of vocabulary 40 3.5.3.2 Pronunciation 40 3.5.3.3 Concentration 40 vii 3.5.3.4 Listening method 41 3.5.4 Reading skills 41 3.5.5 Writing skills 42 3.5.5.1 Lack of vocabulary 42 3.5.5.2 Mistake grammar 43 3.5.5.3 Incorrect translation………………………………………….43 3.6 Summary 44 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION 45 4.1 Summary of the study 45 4.2 Limitations of the study 46 4.3 Suggestions for further study 47 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX GLOSSARY I APPENDIX GRAMMAR XII viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS STT Abbreviations English Hung UTEHY Yen University of Technology Education FFL Faculty of Foreign Language EFL English as a Foreign Language ESP English for Specific Purpose UK United Kingdom ML Market Leader Vo V infinite and II 20.Turnover: The amount of money a company receives from sales in a particular period 21.Workforce: The employees in a particular country or business 22.Supplier (n) a person or company that supplies goods E.g a leading supplier of computers in the UK 23.Cashier (n) a person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank, shop, hotel, etc 24.Distributor (n) a person or company that supplies goods to shops, etc E.g they are Japan's largest software distributor 25.Manufacturer (n) a person or company that produces goods in large quantities E.g Faulty goods should be returned to the manufacturers 26.Wholesaler (n) a person or company that sells goods in large quantities to other companies or people who then sell them to the public E.g the majority of stock is bought through wholesalers, before being repackaged for retailing to the public 27.Retailer (n) a person or business that sells goods to the public E.g one of the country‟s largest food retailers 28.Discount (n) an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of something E.g you can get a substantial discount off your car insurance 29.Refund (n) a sum of money that is paid back to you, especially because you paid too much or because you returned goods to a shop E.g If there is a delay of 12 hours or more, you will receive a full refund of the price of your trip 30.Return (v) to bring, give, put or send something back somebody/something E.g she phoned him several times but he was too busy to return her call 31.Dispatch (v) to send a letter, package or message somewhere to III E.g A courier was dispatched to collect the documents 32.Purchase (v) to buy something E.g the tickets can only be purchased in advance from our website 33.Exchange (v) to give something to somebody and at the same time receives the same type of thing from them E.g we need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information 34.Stock (n) a supply of goods that is available for sale in a shop E.g we don't carry a large stock of pine furniture 35.Storage (n) the process of keeping something in a particular place until it is needed; the space where things can be kept E.g we need more storage now 36.Warehouse (n) a building where large quantities of goods are stored, especially before they are sent to shops to be sold E.g Police are investigating a fire at a furniture warehouse 37.Bargain (n) a thing bought for less than the usual price e.g I picked up a few good bargains in the sale 38.Cooling-off period: the time when you can change your mind and cancel an order 39.Credit-card details: the name, number and expiry date on your payment card 40.Interest-free payment: the way you pay for the goods you want 41.After-sales credit: when you can pay some time after you buy, but at no extra cost 42.Out of stock: when the goods you require are not available 43.Money-back guarantee: a promise to return your money if you are not happy 44.Loyalty-card service: the help you get from a company when you start to use their product 45.Method of scheme: method of customers to obtain a discount on future IV purchases from the same organization 46.Product: something that is made and sold by a company E.g A rep‟s job is selling products or services 47.Price: the cost to the buyer of goods or services 48.Promotion: informing customers about products and persuading them to buy them 49.Place: where goods or services are available 50.Market research (n) information about what customers want and need 51.Market segment (n) a group of customers of similar age, income level and social group 52.Market share (n) the percentage of sales a company has 53.Consumer behavior (n) description of a typical customer 54.Consumer profile (n) where and how people buy things 55.Consumer goods (n) things people buy for their own use 56.Product launch (n) introduction of a product to the market 57.Product lifecycle (n) lengths of the time people continue to buy a product 58.Product range (n) set of products made by a company 59.Sales forecast (n) how much a company thinks it will sell in a period 60.Sales figures (n) numbers showing how much a company has sold in a period 61.Sales target (n) how much a company wants to sell in a period? 62.Advertising campaign (n) a programmed of advertising activities over a period, with particular aims 63.Advertising budget (n) an amount of money available for advertising during a particular period 64.Advertising agency (n) a business which advises companies on advertising and makes ads 65.Market position: the ranking of a company or brand against its competitors in terms of its sales V E.g Herbert Hainer, Adidas Chief Executive, predicted that the strategy would allow the German group to regain the number –two market position that it recently lost to Li Ning, the Chines sportswear manufacturer 66.Upmarket: expensive compared to other products of the same type E.g recently announced plans to take its brand upmarket to compete more directly with foreign brands like Adidas and the market leader, Nike 67.Product mix: the combination of products that a company has to offer E.g The product mix in smaller cities will be chosen so that the entry price for consumers would be 15 per cent less than in Adidas‟s existing shops in lager cities 68.Penetrate: start selling goods or services in a new market E.g Li Ning has strong sales and distribution networks in the lower-tier cities that Adidas hopes to penetrate 69.Disposable: money that is available to spend after paying for essentials like taxes, foods and housing E.g the company would be targeting consumers with an average disposable income of Rmb 5,000($753) a month 70.Rebrand: alter a product or service to change the way that people think about it E.g Retail analysis see it as one of the first signs in the retail field those Chinese products can rebrand themselves as not just cheap but desirable 71.Saturated: a market filled so completely that no more products can be added E.g The German Company is one of many consumer-goods multinationals that have recently decided to shift their focus from near-saturated cities like Shanghai and Beijing to target smaller cities and less wealthy consumers 72.Attractive (adj) if something is attractive, people want to see it, go to it or have it VI E.g there could be attractive investment opportunities over the next five years 73.Comfortable (adj) confident about something and not worried or afraid 74.Economical (adj) providing good service or value in relation to the amount of time or money spent 75.Efficient (adj) doing something in a good, careful and complete way with no waste of time, money or energy 76.Expensive (adj) costing a lot of money 77.Fashionable (adj) following a style that is popular at a particular time 78.Healthy (adj) successful and working well 79.Popular (adj) liked or enjoyed by a large number 80.Practical (adj) connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theories 81.Pure (adj) not mixed with anything else; with nothing added 82.Reliable (adj) that can be trusted to something well; that you can rely on 83.Safe (adj) protected from any danger, harm or loss 84.Launch: to introduce to the market 85.Test: to try something in order to see how its works 86.Promote: to increase sales by advertising, etc 87.Manufacture: to make large quantities of goods, using machines E.g Multinationals which manufacture in developing countries help the world economy 88.Modify: to change in order to improve 89.Discontinue: to stop making 90.Design: to make a plan or drawing 91.Distrusted: to supply to shops, companies, customers 92.Attractive: having features or qualities that make something seem interesting and worth having VII 93.Elegant: attractive and designed well 94.Practical: connected with real things 95.Reliable: able to work or operate for long periods without breaking down or needing attention 96.Robust: strong and healthy 97.Energy-saving: not consume much energy 98.Fashionable: following a style that is popular at a particular time 99.Stylish: fashionable and attractive 100 Flexible: able to change to suit new conditions or situations 101 User-friendly: Consumers are friendly 102 High-quality: A thing is well appreciated 103 Versatile: able to many different things 104 Popular: right or appropriate for the taste and knowledge of ordinary people 105 Well-designed: eye-catching design 106 Lifestyle: the ability to give a good amount of time to your work and to outside interests e.g.: She gave up a highly paid job to join a meditation group in India She‟s completely changed her lifestyle 107 Workaholic: some one who cannot stop working and has no time for anything else e.g I work six days a week and never have a holiday My girlfriend says I‟m a workaholic 108 Workload: the amount of work a person is expected to E.g Karl has a heavy workload at the moment because several colleagues are sick off 109 Deadline: a time or date by which you have to something E.g I worked until 11 o‟clock at night to meet the deadline for presenting the report VIII 110 Flextime: a system where employees choose the time they start and finish work each day E.g A flextime system can help to reduce stress levels of employees by giving them more control over their working hours 111 Work-life balance: how personally satisfied you are with the way you life and work E.g If you have children, working from home way may help improve your work-life balance 112 Quality of life: the way people choose to organize their lives E.g many people argue that technology has greatly improved our quality of life and the way we feed about work Others disagree, arguing it actually increases stress 113 Working environment: the people, things and atmosphere around you at work E.g A clean, quiet, comfortable and friendly working environment can actively reduce levels of stress 114 Advertising: the activity and industry of advertising things to people on television, in newspapers, on the internet, etc E.g The Company‟s print and digital advertising rose compared with the same period a year ago 115 Executive: a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization 116 Architect: a person who is responsible for planning or creating an idea, an event or a situation 117 Banker: a person who owns a bank or has an important job at a bank 118 Diplomat: a person whose job is to represent his or her country in a foreign country 119 Sales assistant: a person whose job is to help salers 120 Low taxes IX 121 Good transport links 122 Skilled staff 123 Training courses 124 Low interest rates 125 High unemployment 126 Cheap rents 127 A strong currency 128 A healthy economy 129 Govement grants 130 A stable political situation 131 Easy access to credit 132 Interest rate: low taxes to encourage business activity 133 Exchange rate: percentage increase in prices 134 Inflation rate: difference in value between a country‟s imports and exports 135 Labor force: the number of people working 136 Tax incentives: cost of borrowing money 137 Government bureaucracy: official rules / regulations / paperwork 138 GDP (gross domestic product): total value of goods and services produced in a country 139 Unemployment rate: percentage of people without jobs 140 Foreign investment: money from overseas 141 Balance of trade: price at which one currency can buy another 142 Estimate costs: an idea of the cost, size, value etc of something, but without calculating it exactly E.g we made a mistake when we estimated costs, as the exchange rate changed, so we didn‟t keep within our implement 143 Forecast sales: a statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available now X E.g we forecast sales of at least $1,000,000 in the first year 144 Do research: a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it E.g After doing some more research, I wrote a report for the Board of Directors 145 Collect information: collected information about possible a plan with details e.g 146 Consider options: Think careful about something 147 Report to someone 148 Report on something 149 Apologies for 150 Apologies to 151 Talk to 152 Talk about 153 Agree with 154 Agree on: 155 Argue about: 156 Argue with: 157 Conflict: situation in which people, groups or countries disagree strongly or are involved in a serious argument 158 Patient (adj) able to wait for a long time or accept annoying behavior or difficulties without becoming angry 159 Calm: not excited, nervous or upset 160 Weak: not physically strong 161 Flexible: able to change to suit new conditions or situations 162 Emotional: connected with people‟s feelings 163 Consistent: always behaving in the same way, or having the same XI opinions, standards, etc 164 Symphonic: in the form of a symphony; connected with symphonies 165 Formal: very correct and suitable for official or important occasions 166 Enthusiastic: feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about somebody / something 167 Creative: involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce something new or a work of art How to say „no‟ politely in situations in Market Leader textbook: A: Would you like to go out for a meal later? B: Thanks for the invitation, but I‟m not feeling so well Maybe some other time A: Would you like some more food? B: Nothing more for me, thanks It was delicious A: Shall we meet up next Tuesday? B: I‟m sorry I‟d love to, but I have other plans that evening A: Please stay a little bit longer B: I‟ve had a wonderful time and I wish I could, but really have to go A: Can you check that the fire-exit notices are all in the right place, please? B: I‟m afraid you‟ve come to the wrong person You‟ll have to ask Ingrid in Health And safety XII APPENDIX Modals (+) S+ (can/ could/ will/would/) + Vo (-) S+ (can/ could/ will/would/) +not+ Vo (?) Can/ Could/ Will/ Would +S+Vo? E.g.: Can I make a phone? I would buy a Ferrari if I had enough money Present simple: (+) S + do/does + Vo (-) S+ do/does + not + Vo (?) Do/Does + S + Vo? E.g.: Do they work? Does he have a girlfriend? He looks like his father Present continuous: (+) S+ is/am/are + V_ing (-) S+ is/am/are + not + V_ing (?) Is/Am/Are + S + V_ing? E.g.: He is working Modals 2: Must, need to, have to, should: S + must/ need to/ have to/ should + Vo E.g.: When I lived in Tokyo, I had to learn Japanese CV should be printed on good quality notepaper He must be very rich If you buy now, you don‟t need to pay anything until next year Past Simple: (+) S + Vpast (-) S + didn‟t + Vo XIII (?) Did + S + Vo? E.g.: I didn‟t that My mom worked Past continuous: (+) S + was/ were + V_ing (-) S + was/ were + not + V_ing (?) Was/ Were + S + V_ing? E.g.: At the time, we were still trying to solve our recruitment problem I was talking to him on the phone when I heard an explosion Present perfect: (+) S + have/ has + Vp2 (-) S + have/ has + not + Vp2 (?) Have/ Has + S + Vp2? E.g.: So far, we have captured 30% of the market He has worked in a number of different firms Present perfect versus past simple: We use the past simple for completed actions that happened in the past E.g.: Andrew Mason set up Group on in 2008 Because the time reference is past, we use time expressions that refer to finished past time E.g.: Last year, we increased turnover by 15% Five years ago, we didn‟t have an overseas subsidiary The decision to use the past simple or present perfect depends on how we see the event E.g.: I‟ve know Bill for many years (=We are still touch) I knew Bill when I was a college (=We don‟t keep in touch) Multiword verbs: A multiword verb is a combination of a verb and one or two particles E.g.: at, away, down, in, on, up XIV Types of multiword verbs: E.g.: The photocopier has broken down Could you turn on the coffee machine? In many case, the multiword verb is more informal than its synonym E.g.: How did you find out? (= discover the information) Many multiword verb are idiomatic; in other words, their meaning is difficult to interpret [Away (creating distance), on (continuing), over (considering), up (completing)] E.g.: I‟m going away next week Carry on the good work! I need time to think it over Drink up We‟ve got to go Time clauses: (as soon as/ for / since / during / when / after …etc.) E.g.: I haven‟t seen her for a month The share price will rise as soon as we announce the merger I‟ll see you when the meeting finishes Questions: (Yes/ No questions) E.g.: Are you coming? -> Yes, I am / No, I am not Will you have time? -> Yes, I will / No, I won‟t Talking about future plants We use the present continuous for future arrangements: E.g.: What are you doing next weekend? We also use going to for arrangements, plans and intentions: E.g.: What are you going to next weekend? But we NOT use the present continuous to make predictions for the future Compare E.g.: The transport strike is causing a real problem Some verbs, like anticipate, expect, look forward to, hope and plan, automatically refer to the future These verbs can be used in either the simple XV of continuous form: E.g.: I look forward to seeing you soon We are planning to attract more foreign investment Other future forms: Will is very often used for predictions E.g.: She won‟t like what you‟ve written about her We use the contracted form‟ll to make spontaneous offers E.g.: I‟ll help you write the report if you like Reported speech: Reporting words just said: In this case, the situation is still present E.g.: The boss says he wants to see you immediately Reporting words said in the past: Words that are said in one place at one particular time may be reported in another place at another time Because of the change in time, there may be a change of tense or modal auxiliary A different pronoun is used to suit the context Actual words Reported words We are not going to panic He said they were not going to panic I‟ve already spoken to her He said he had already spoken to her Say versus tell: But after tell, we indicate who receives the information => She tale me she would come later Reporting questions: (when / why / how / what /…etc.) We use ask (with or without an object) to report questions E.g : When you want to take your vacation? => He asked (him) when he wanted to take his vacation How long is the conference? => He asked (her) how long the conference was XVI Will you be able to attend the conference? => He asked (her) If / whether she would be able to attend the conference Conditionals: First condition: (If + present simple, S+ will + infinitive without to) E.g.: If we increase our order, they‟ll give us higher discount Second conditional: (If + past simple, Would+ infinitive without to) E.g.: If he was the Queen of England, he‟d sell Buckingham Palace 2.2.2.12 Passives: (+) S+ to be + Ved S+ to be + being + Ved (-) S + to be + not + Ved S+ to be + not + be + Ved (?) To be+ S + (being) + V? Ex: Tea is grown in Sri Lanka It‟s being done