The effectiveness of using pictures to teaching english vocabulary to secondary school students = hiệu quả của việc sử dụng hình ảnh trong dạy từ vựng tiếng anh cho học sinh trung học cơ sở

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN VÕ MINH THƯ THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING PICTURES TO TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY TO SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS FIELD OF STUDY: THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING SUPERVISOR : LÊ NHÂN THÀNH, PhD Quy nhon, 2022 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN VÕ MINH THƯ HIỆU QUẢ CỦA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG HÌNH ẢNH TRONG DẠY TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CHO HỌC SINH TRUNG HỌC CƠ SỞ CHUYÊN NGÀNH: LÝ LUẬN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TS LÊ NHÂN THÀNH Quy nhon, 2022 ii STATEMENT OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP The work contained in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma at any university I certify that my thesis contains no material, to the best of my knowledge and belief, except when specifically stated in the thesis My thesis contains no previously published or written content by any other individual Signed: Date:…… /………/… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without the support, encouragement, and contributions from my Assoc Prof Doctors, colleagues, friends, and family, the successful completion of this thesis work would not have been possible I take this chance to appreciate them for their expert advice and wise invaluable comments, and generous time They have enriched my knowledge and made my graduate journey a memorable chapter in my life This paper could not have been completed without the encouragement and contributions of several individuals and groups to whom I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude during the stressful time of writing this paper First of all, I am grateful to my thesis supervisor, Dr Le Nhan Thanh, for his support, patience, and encouragement throughout my study His technical and editorial advice was essential to the completion of this paper and has offered me several lessons and insights on how academic research works in general I was fortunate to have a supervisor that genuinely cared about my job It is not my success without his valuable comments, suggestions, and corrections Besides, I also take this opportunity to express gratitude to all the lectures who took part in the training process of the MA course at Quy Nhon University for their scholarly knowledge and experience as well as their inspirational to me which incited me to widen my research from various perspectives This study was made achievable by the presence of the enthusiastic students at Tran Phu Secondary School, who devoted their time to taking part ii in this research I was also thankful to my colleagues for their fascinating assistance, support, and management during the pilot phase Last, but not least, I am grateful for all the support and encouragement I received from my beloved parents and my brother throughout my thesis education Your contribution is important Thank you all for your help and support iii ABSTRACT Vocabulary plays an important role in learning a foreign language It supports students in learning other skills such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking Language teachers have already employed mind mapping techniques to encourage their students to learn vocabulary The current study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using pictures to teach grade-7 students to learn English vocabulary The sample of the study consisted of 40 grade-7 students at a secondary school in Ninh Thuan province Those students were equally divided into two groups (experimental and control) The research was conducted based on mixed methods since it employed an experiment and a survey These participants were divided into groups: the control group and the experimental group Data were collected from three sources: (1) the pre-test and post-test to estimate the students’ vocabulary improvement, (2) the questionnaire to assess how the changes in their opinions towards vocabulary learning with pictures were, and (3) observation classroom was carried out to gather data related to students' reactions and responses in vocabulary lessons The findings of the study reveal that pictures greatly affect EFL secondary school students’ learning of vocabulary Secondly, an experiment was carried out to examine the impact of pictures on grade-7 students’ mastery of English vocabulary The results of the experiment showed that there are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the vocabulary posttest due to the use of pictures in favor of the experimental group Along with the experiment Based on the findings, the research provided suggestions that help students and teachers use pictures in learning and teaching vocabulary successfully iv Keywords: effectiveness, pictures, school students, students’ responses, teaching English vocabulary v CONTENTS STATEMENT OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iv CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale Aim of the Study Objectives of the Study Research Questions Scope of the Study Significance of the Study Organization of the Thesis CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW Vocabulary 1.1 Definitions 1.2 Classification of vocabulary 1.3 Important role of vocabulary in teaching and learning English 1.4 Stages in vocabulary teaching 1.5 Techniques in teaching English vocabulary 11 1.6 Factors affecting vocabulary retention 12 Pictures 19 vi 2.1 Definition 19 2.2 Principles of selecting a picture 20 2.3 Types of pictures 20 2.4 The use of pictures 26 2.5 The advantages and disadvantages of using pictures 27 2.6 Using pictures in vocabulary teaching activities 29 Related Studies on Using Pictures to Teach Vocabulary 31 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 34 Research Design 34 Participants 34 The Textbook 35 Data Collection Instruments 37 4.1 Questionnaires for students 37 4.2 Vocabulary tests 39 4.3 Classroom observations 40 Data Collection 41 5.1 Administering the questionnaires 41 5.2 Administering the vocabulary tests 41 5.3 Administering the classroom observations 42 Data Analysis 42 6.1 Quantitative analysis of the questionnaires 42 6.2 Quantitative analysis of the pre-test and post-test 43 6.3 Qualitative analysis of the classroom observations 44 Validity and Reliability 44 Summary 46 vii CHAPTER RESULTS OF THE STUDY 47 Students’ Responses to Learning New Words Through Pictures 47 1.1 Advantages of learning vocabulary with pictures 47 1.2 Disadvantages of learning vocabulary with pictures 49 1.3 Students’ intentions of future learning vocabulary with pictures 51 The Effectiveness of Teaching New Words by Using Pictures 52 2.1 Findings from the two tests 52 2.2 The effectiveness of teaching new words using pictures as explored from the classroom observations 56 Discussion of Findings 64 3.1 Findings from the questionaire 64 3.2 Finding from the two tests 65 3.3 Finding from the observation 65 Summary 66 Chapter Summary 66 CHAPTER DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 68 Summary of Key Finding of the Study 68 Pedagogical Implications 69 Limitations 70 Suggestions for Further Research 71 REFERENCES 72 APPENDICES 76 viii APPENDICES APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE Dear students, The purpose of this questionnaire is to gather data for research entitled “The Effectiveness of Using Pictures to Teaching English Vocabulary to Secondary School Students.” Your answers are of paramount importance to the success of my research paper All the data collected in this questionnaire will be used for the research purpose only Please answer all of the questions as well as you can Any information you provide will be kept confidential Give your opinions on 15 statements in the questionnaire within about 10-15 minutes Thank you for your cooperation! Please first give your personal information by filling in the following blanks and putting a tick () in one box that corresponds to your gender, and then complete the rest of the survey PART A BACKGROUND Name:………………………………… Age: ………………………………… Class:………………………………… Gender: male female 76 PART B RESPONSES AND PERCEPTIONS ON THE USE OF PICTURES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY For each statement, please read and indicate to what extent you agree or disagree by ticking on a 5-point scale from (1) “strongly agree” to (5) “strongly disagree.” In each row, tick () ONE cell only I The advantages findings from learning vocabulary with pictures Strongly Agree Strongly Number Statements Agree I like my teacher to use pictures to teach new words Pictures increase my interest in studying vocabulary Using pictures in teaching vocabulary will make my class more interesting After studying new words with pictures, I can remember and apply about 80% 5 When my teacher uses 77 Neutral Disagree Disagree pictures, I can guess the meaning of new words easily Pictures give me the motivating feeling to express my opinion and contribute some of my knowledge Pictures make me actively involved in the learning process Pictures motivate me to learn English vocabulary Pictures help me remember vocabulary longer 10 Pictures make me pay attention to the lesson and make me think more 78 II The disadvantages findings from learning vocabulary with pictures Number Statements Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 11 I feel bored when taught vocabulary with pictures 12 After the teacher elicits new words by pictures, I feel stressful when the teacher ask me to guess the meaning 13 I sometimes cannot understand my teacher’s pictures and explanations 14 I always focus on the pictures and ignore their meaning 5 15 I feel frustrated when I cannot find a correct answer although my teacher uses pictures and explains them 79 III Your intention to use pictures to learn vocabulary in the future Number Statements Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 16 I intend to study English vocabulary with pictures in the future 17 I intend to learn English grammar by using pictures in the future 80 APPENDIX BẢNG CÂU HỎI KHẢO SÁT Các em học sinh thân mến, Khảo sát thực để thu thập liệu cho đề tài “HIỆU QUẢ CỦA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG TRANH ẢNH ĐỂ DẠY TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH CHO HỌC SINH THCS.” Câu trả lời bạn quan trọng cho nghiên cứu Phiếu khảo sát sử dụng cho mục đích nghiên cứu, thơng tin em cung cấp giữ bí mật tuyệt đối Rất mong em trả lời theo suy nghĩ thực cho phiếu khảo sát Đưa ý kiến em cho 15 câu bảng câu hỏi khoảng 10-15 phút Cám ơn em! Trước hết, vui lòng cung cấp vài thông tin em cách điền vào khoảng trắng bên đánh dấu () vào ô ứng với giới tính em trước hồn thành bảng câu hỏi nghiên cứu PHẦN A THƠNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Tên:………………………………… Tuổi:……………………………… Lớp: …………………………….… Giới tính:  Nữ:  Nam:  81 PHẦN B QUAN ĐIỂM VỀ HÌNH ẢNH TRONG VIỆC DẠY VÀ HỌC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH Cho câu, vui lòng cho biết mức độ đồng ý không đồng ý bạn dựa mức độ đưa từ (1) “hoàn tồn khơng đồng ý” đến (5) “hồn tồn đồng ý.” Chỉ đánh dấu () vào MỘT ô cho câu I Phản ứng học sinh lợi ích việc sử dụng tranh ảnh việc học tiếng Anh Hoàn ST T Ý kiến toàn Đồng đồng ý Khơng có ý kiến ý Khơn Hồn g tồn Đồng khơng ý đồng ý Tơi thích giáo viên sử dụng tranh ảnh để 5 5 dạy từ Tranh ảnh làm tăng hứng thú học từ vựng Sử dụng tranh ảnh làm cho lớp tơi thích thú Sau học từ vựng với tranh ảnh, tơi nhớ áp dụng khoảng 80% Khi giáo viên tơi sử dụng tranh ảnh, tơi đốn nghĩa từ cách dễ dàng 82 Tranh ảnh cho tơi động lực để trình bày ý kiến đóng góp kiến thức cho 5 5 học Tranh ảnh làm cho hăng hái trình học Tranh ảnh thúc đẩy học từ vựng tiếng Anh Học từ với tranh ảnh giúp nhớ từ lâu Học từ vựng tranh 10 ảnh giúp tâm suy nghĩ đến học II Phản ứng học sinh khó khăn việc sử dụng tranh ảnh việc học tiếng Anh STT Ý kiến Hồn tồn đồng ý Đồng ý Khơng có ý kiến Khơng Đồng ý Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý 11 Tôi cảm thấy nhàm chán dạy từ vựng tranh ảnh 12 Sau giáo viên gợi ý từ tranh ảnh, cảm thấy áp lực giáo 83 viên u cầu tơi đốn nghĩa 13 Thỉnh thoảng hiểu tranh ảnh giải thích giáo viên 14 Sử dụng tranh ảnh, ý tới tranh mà không để ý đến nghĩa từ 15 Tôi cảm thấy nản tìm câu trả lời giáo viên sử dụng tranh ảnh giải thích III Dự định bạn việc sử dụng hình ảnh để học từ vựng tương lai Number Statements Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 16 Tôi định tiếp tục học từ vựng Tiếng Anh với hình ảnh tương lai 17 Tôi dự định học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh cách sử dụng hình ảnh tương lai 84 APPENDIX VOCABULARY TEST PRETEST PHẦN A THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Tên :………………………………… Lớp : ………………………………… Giới tính: Nam Nữ PHẦN B VOCABULARY TEST Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences The flight from Ho Chi Minh ……… at 10:30 A large B arrives C arrive D expensive 2.………… consists of many kinds of vegetables A salad B noodles C fish D chicken His hobby is………… He plays it every afternoon A playing the guitar B skating C collecting D swimming My brother is a ……… He writes for Tien Phong newspaper A doctor B worker C farmer D journalist A…………… is a small meal that you eat when you are in a hurry A snack B fast food C breakfast D lunch Lan is in my class She is my ………… A classroom B classmate C class D neighbor …… is my favourite drink for breakfast because it helps me become taller 85 A Cola B Juice C Milk D Soup We should wait for the traffic lights ………… before we cross the street A turn yellow B turn green C to turn yellow D to turn green Adult should drink at least litters of ………… per day to keep them fresh A juice B milk C mineral water D yoghurt 10 My father takes care sick children A about B at C of D on 11 The film was so …………… However, my father saw it from beginning to end A interesting B exciting C boring D fascinating 12 She is a ……… working at Metropolitan Restaurant A cooker B cook C chief D chef 13 I love travelling by ……… because I can see the whole city from above the sky A bus B boat C train D airplane 14 I need some ………… to make sandwiches A breads B apple C bread D coffee 15 My family often goes …………… in the countryside A cycling B run C walk D train 16 Vietnamese people like eating ………… noodle A quick B instant C fast D speed 17 I used to go to school …………… A with bike B by foot C in car 86 D by bus 18 We will travel from Spain to France by plane The plane will………… at 10 am and will land at 11:00 am in Paris A take off B flight C depart D journey 19 The city’s brand new railway ……… is located directly in front of the bus station to make travel very easy A station B spot C plot D stage 20 Trinh Cong Son is one of the most famous ……… in Vietnam A actors B singers C writers D musicians 21 A ………… is the person who is so funny and makes people laugh happily A writer B singer C comedian D artist 22 My grandfather often drinks ……… in the morning It is a popular drink in Vietnam A green tea B fishsauce C soy sauce D alcohol 23 This is a …………… film and it makes me cry a lot A funny B moving C comedy D exciting 24 I couldn’t take my eyes off the………… because the film was so interesting A actor B picture C poster D screen 25 I ate some expired cakes hours ago Now my stomach hurts a lot I think I have ………… A earache B toothache C stomachache 87 D headache POSTTEST PHẦN A THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Tên :………………………………… Lớp : ………………………………… Giới tính: Nam Nữ PHẦN B VOCABULARY TEST Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences Ann: Did you make it yourself? Trang: Yes My hobby is ……… A make friends B building dollhouses C play D gardening Nick and his friends are ……… on the beach now A picking up litte B picking up C join D help Ann goes to a………… club every Sunday A joyful B horse riding C play D cineme Adult should drink at least litters of ……… per day to keep them fresh A juice B milk C mineral water D yoghurt We donate books to……………… A hospital B homeless children C cineme D home Will you go to ……… with me tonight? A new film is shown at p m A hospital B theatre C church D cineme My family often goes …………… in the countryside A cycling B run C walk 88 D train Tom ……… to teach English in our village last winter A volunteered B helped C took D planted My sister likes go ………… at the weekend A collect B camping C fast D make 10 Activities like ……… and cycling are good for health A camping B running C boating D playing 11 They are going to break eggs to make……… for breakfast A omelette B noodle C pizza D spaghetti C nursing home D volunteer 12 We donate the vegetables to a………… A hospital B home 13 My grandfather often drinks ……… in the morning It is a popular drink in Vietnam A green tea B fishsauce C soy sauce D alcohol C class D neighbor 14 Lan is in my class She is my ………… A classroom B classmate 15 Van Cao was a great Vietnamese……… He was also a painter and poet A writer B singer C comedian D composer 16 The little girl's ……… of her kitten shows a lot of talent A menu B drawing C photography D composer C sauce D pea 17.…………… is made from soy bean A tofu B soup 18 I think we’ll visit the………., the computer room, and the gym 89 A cooker B school library C take photos D machine 19 The Louvre in Paris is the world's largest ……… theater A hospital B chief C museum D church 20 Our class usually waters the vegetables in the ………… on Friday A school garden B school C museum D machine 21 My school has …………, a library, computer room, A laboratories B science laboratories C magazine D school 22 We should wait for the ……… to turn green before we cross the street A turn yellow B turn green C to turn yellow D traffic lights 23 My father taught me how to……………… … A hospital ahead B parking C ride a bike D cross the road 24 A film that tries to make the audience laugh is ………… A a comedy B cartoon C horror film D cinema 25 A film that is set in the future, often about science, is ………… A cinema B ride a bike C science fiction 90 D film