54 more insightfully assess the impacts for future development pathways derived from this study Bazillian et al (2011) investigate the connections among the energy, food, and water sectors with a glob[.]
54 more insightfully assess the impacts for future development pathways derived from this study Bazillian et al (2011) investigate the connections among the energy, food, and water sectors with a global application perspective This study describes the urgent need for a powerful analytical tool, conceptual modelling, and algorithmic, robust data sets to quantitatively analyse the future global demands for energy, water, and food This study aims to address the need for an integrated research model to quantify the linkages among energy, food, and water, thus optimising each sector’s productivity without affecting other sectors’ development A key finding from this study is the Omega, Land, Energy, and Water (CLEW) modelling integrated analysis tool, which can assist decision makers in decision making, analysing policy, integrating and supporting such policies, and assessing technology This research applies the life cycle assessment method and CLEW model This study and work by Hoff (2011) collectively establish a critical foundation for future research on energy–food–water nexus Additionally, the CLEW model enables the development of various scenarios with a perspective of identifying future development opportunities as well as understanding impacts of different policies Despite this significant contribution, this study did not analyse socio-economic and environmental impacts Therefore, it would be less applicable for policy analysis and assessment of the connections among energy–food–water and socio-economic development Siddiqi and Anadon (2011) quantify the water intensity in energy production, and energy intensity in the water value chain, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) This region is rich in crude oil, which constitutes 66% of the world’s crude oil reservoir, although it accounts for only 1.4% of the world’s freshwater supply Despite this fact, a majority of water and energy systems have been separately managed in the MENA, and hence, the region lacks cross-sectoral inputs for proper policymaking This situation becomes increasingly challenging under the contexts of population growth, increasing water and energy demands, and climate changes in coming years Therefore, this study aims to investigate the interactions between water and energy by emphasizing the importance of integrating water systems with energy infrastructure Its findings indicate that water is used in extraction and refining of fossil fuels, while energy is used in water exploitation, usage, and treatment This study applied life cycle analysis method to examine the water-energy linkages regarding intensity and production aspects The study outcomes also reflect the urgency for policymakers to integrate water-energy