274 energy diversity will require increased contribution from new energy options (such as distributed solar plans, small modular geothermal units, small wind turbines, and micro hydro power), which co[.]
274 energy diversity will require increased contribution from new energy options (such as distributed solar plans, small-modular geothermal units, small wind turbines, and microhydro power), which could be expensive if integrated into the grid, from system reliability considerations In some cases, back-up electricity generation capacity (such as small gasturbines and diesel generators) or electricity storage technologies may be needed to provide electricity during times when renewable energy is not available In regard to water security, the country will need to import micro-irrigating systems and sewage treatment systems, thus requiring significant support from policymakers Moreover, mechanisation and food processing development will need political support for importing advanced technologies and industry machinery The search for suitable investors and entrepreneurs is a must for the Vietnamese government to ensure food insecurity These are also key the considerations in deploying these scenarios Regarding policy choices for improving energy–food–water security, this research provides the following specific insights: If ensuring energy security is the primary goal, SC2 scenario should be the preferred choice This scenario is also the optimal choice in terms of considering maximisation of energy production and output In contrast, the worst choice for energy security is the BAU scenario since it produces negative outcomes in terms of most aspects of energy development (e.g., energy intensity, energy import dependency, energy diversity) If however the government prioritizes food security, SC3 is the preferred choice The worst choice from food security considerations is SC2 scenario as it will cause very significant concerns for the country’s policy makers – given that food is fundamental to life In the context of water security, SC4 should be the preferred choice The worst choice from water security consideration is SC2 scenario as it forces the government to confront very serious issues of water security and food security From the point of view of maximizing economic growth while minimizing environmental impacts (CO2 emissions), SC6 is the most suitable scenario for Vietnam for the 2014–2030 period This scenario will enable the country to