27 rulers, such as economic downturn, social crisis, losses of crops, and insufficient food, ultimately leading to the collapse of the Tran regime in 1400 The Chinese Ming dynasty (1368 1644) took the[.]
27 rulers, such as economic downturn, social crisis, losses of crops, and insufficient food, ultimately leading to the collapse of the Tran regime in 1400 The Chinese Ming dynasty (1368-1644) took the opportunity of declining power of Tran dynasty to re-attack Dai Viet in 1407, and resumed it administration over Dai Viet until 1418, renamed the country back to Annam (Neil L Jamieson, Gerald C Hickey, Milton Edgeworth Osborne, et al 2018) During this time, continuous movements of national-wide fighting against the Chinese invasions caused declining production output and insufficient investment in socio-economic development, especially agriculture and in particular irrigation and dikes (Le, 2014) The revolt during period 1418-1428 led by Le Loi 13(1284-1433) to defeat and forced the Chinese Ming dynasty to withdraw out of Annam, renamed the country as Dai Viet (Neil L Jamieson, Gerald C Hickey, Milton Edgeworth Osborne, et al 2018; Le, 2014) This remarked the ending of almost 1,000 years of Chinese invasion and dominance over Dai Viet Le Loi declared himself as the third great emperor of Dai Viet, commencing the new decades of peace and development for Viet Nam until 1600 (Le, 2014; Neil L Jamieson, Gerald C Hickey, Milton Edgeworth Osborne, et al, 2018) Under Le dynasty, the agricultural expansion was massively encouraged by agricultural development laws, establishing important rules such as putting forward equal distribution of land for people, digging canals and extending irrigation system, and exempting tax for the poor The court entrusted district mandarins with encouraging people to reclaim land and helping them cultivate and protect their crops (Le, 2014) The agricultural expansion during this stage was also a main feature of the country’s extension to the South, ultimately to a length of some 1,000 miles (1,600 km), which reshaped the historical evolution of Vietnam (Figure 2.1) The expansion of Dai Viet toward the South, after defeating Champa and, invading the Cambodian territory of the Mekong River delta, was well-described by Neil L Jamieson, Gerald C Hickey, Milton Edgeworth Osborne, et al (2018) as follows: “The Vietnamese kingdom was subsequently divided twice during the next 150 years, and its partitioned governments were in each case at war with each other for decades The region around Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) became 13 Lê Lợi (1284-1433): defeated the Ming Dynasty and forced them withdraw out of Vietnam, ended the Chinese dominance in Vietnam for a thousand year More about Lê Lợi can be found in Le (2014)