Chapter1 Tổng hợp hữu cơ hóa dầu

PETROCHEMISTRY Instructor: DAO THI KIM THOA Department of Oil and Gas Processing, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, CHAPTER Feddstocks for petrochemistry Feedstocks Natural Processing Gas processing Petroleum refining Petrochemical processes Crude oil Products Fuels Chemicals Gas processing-Petroleum refining-Petrochemical processes rimary feedstocks Secondary feedstocks Products Natural gas Gas processing Condensate Gases Associate gas Petroleum Crude oil refining Fuels Processe s to produce seconary feedstoc ks Reactio ns Petrochemical processes barrel of crude oil 19 gallons naphtha Gasoli ne for 650 miles ethyle ne PE dust bin or 276 m2 film for green house 160 yard pipelin e Ethylen e glycol 21 Tshir t propylen e PP beer cover or 30 fiber roll Acrylonitri le 21 jumpers C4 olefins aromat ics fuel elastom er Caprolacta m car tires or 13 bicycle tires car 500 pairs of sock tube or 17 bicycle tube Catalytic Reforming produces high octane gasoline for today’s automobiles Gasoline and naphtha feedstocks are heated to 500 degrees Celsius and flow through a series of fixed-bed catalytic reactors Because the reactions which produce higher octane compounds (aliphatic in this case) are endothermic (absorb heat) additional heaters are installed between reactors to keep the reactants at the proper temperature The catalyst is a platinum (Pt) metal on an alumina (Al2O3) base While catalysts are never consumed in chemical reactions, they can be fouled, making them less effective over time The series of reactors used in Catalytic Reforming are therefore designed to be disconnected, and swiveled out of place, so the catalyst can be regenerated Alkylation is another process for producing high octane gasoline The reaction requires an acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, H2SO4 or hydrofluoric acid, HF) at low temperatures (1-40 degrees Celsius) and low pressures (1-10 atmospheres) The acid composition is usually kept at about 50% making the mixture very corrosive U.S Market for Catalysts by Applications, 2005 and 2010 ($ Millions) RC-200N Petrochemical (Petroleum and Chemical) Catalysts - Updated Edition