INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16631 First edition 01 6-0 - Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints compatible with plastic (PVC or PE) piping systems, for water applications and for plastic pipeline connections, repair and replacement Tuyaux, raccords et accessoires en fonte ductile et leurs assemblages compatibles avec les canalisations plastiques (PVC ou PE) pour la distribution d’eau et pour les connexions, réparations et remplacements des canalisations en matières plastiques Reference number ISO 663 : 01 6(E) © ISO 01 ISO 16631:2016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise speci fied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester ISO copyright office Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Contents Foreword Page Scope Normative references Terms and de finitions Technical requirements G e n e ral re qu i re m e n ts 4.2.1 Pipes and fittings nominal sizes S u rface co n d i ti o n 4.2.3 Types of joints and interconnection M ate ri al s i n co n tact wi th wate r i n te n d e d fo r h u m an co n s u m p ti o n Pressure classi fication and dimensional requirements 4.3.1 Pressure classi fication 6 D i am e te r Wal l th i ckn e s s Le n gth S trai gh tn e s s o f p i p e s M ate ri al ch aracte ri s ti cs 4 Te n s i l e p ro p e rti e s 4 B ri n e l l h ard n e s s C o ati n gs an d l i n i n gs fo r p i p e s G e n e ral E xte rn al co ati n gs I n te rn al l i n i n gs 4.6 Coatings and linings for fittings and accessories M arki n g 1 Packagi n g an d h an d l i n g 1 Leaktightness requirements 5.1 Pipes and fittings 5.2 Flexible joints 10 11 11 12 5.2 G e n e ral 5.2 D u cti l e i ro n s o cke t as s e m b l e d wi th d u cti l e i ro n s p i go t e n d 5.2 D u cti l e i ro n s o cke t as s e m b l e d wi th p l as ti c s p i go t e n d Test methods 6.1 G e n e ral 4 4.3 v 17 D imens io ns 6.1 E xte rn al d i am e te r 6.1 Wal l th i ckn e s s 6.1 Le n gth 6.2 S trai gh tn e s s o f p i p e s 6.3 Te n s i l e te s t 6.3.1 Centrifugally cast pipes 6.3 F i tti n gs an d acce s s o ri e s 6.3 Te s t b ar 6.3 E qu i p m e n t an d te s t m e th o d 6.3 Te s t re s u l ts 6.3.6 Test frequency 18 18 6.4 B ri n e l l h ard n e s s 6.5 Works leaktightness test of pipes and fittings 19 6.5 G e n e ral 6.5.2 Centrifugally cast pipes 6.5 F i tti n gs Type tests © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d 19 19 iii ISO 16631:2016(E) 7.1 7.2 Type tests on ductile iron spigot ends 7.1.1 Leaktightness of joints to internal pressure 7.1.2 Leaktightness of joints to external pressure 7.1.3 Leaktightness of joints to negative internal pressure Type tests on plastic spigot ends 7.2 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 General Leaktightness of joints to internal hydrostatic pressure Leaktightness of joints to negative internal pressure Long-term hydrostatic strength test for joints of fittings for PE pipes Pull out test at 25 °C for restrained joints for PE pipes Long-term hydrostatic strength test for joints of fittings for PVC pipe Tables of dimensions 25 8.1 Pipes 8.1 General 8.1 External diameters 8.1 Wall thickness 8.1 Pipes length 8.1.5 8.2 Sockets for push-in flexible joints Fittings 8.2 General 8.2 Wall thickness 8.2 Flanged socket 8.2 Flanged spigot 8.2 Collars 8.2 Double socket bend 90° (1 /4) 8.2 Double socket bend 45° (1 /8) 8.2 Double socket bend 2 °3 0’ (1 /1 6) 3 8.2 Double socket bend 1 °1 ’ (1 /3 ) 8.2 All socket tee 8.2 Double socket taper 8.2.3 8.2.11 Sockets for push-in socketed fittings Double socket tee with flanged branch Annex A (informative) External coating 41 Annex B (informative) Internal lining 42 Annex C (normative) Stiffness determination 43 Annex D (normative) Quality assurance 44 Annex E (informative) Safety factors 45 Annex F (normative) Water pipeline systems incorporating ductile iron and plastic components 46 Annex G (informative) Environmental aspects 47 Bibliography 48 iv © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso.org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Details of any patent rights identi fied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning of ISO speci fic terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 5, Subcommittee SC , Cast iron pipes, fittings and their joints © ISO 01 – All rights reserved Ferrous metal pipes and metallic fittings, v INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16631:2016(E) Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints compatible with plastic (PVC or PE) piping systems, for water applications and for plastic pipeline connections, repair and replacement Scope This International Standard speci fies the requirements and test methods applicable to ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints with dimensions compatible with plastic (PVC or PE) piping systems: — to replace or repair existing plastic pipelines; — to convey water (e.g for human consumption, raw water, etc.); — operated with or without pressure; — installed below or above ground; — de fined according to their external diameter (DN/OD series); — classi fied according to pressure (C class) The pressure class speci fied in this International Standard is C25 This pressure resistance level will meet or exceed those of plastic pipes These ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and joints can be used along with plastic pipelines, where they are needed (for example, with higher pressure rating sections, higher traffic load, etc.), for the construction of water pipelines The dimensions of the products according to this International Standard, in the size range DN/OD 50 to DN/OD 225, are compatible with those of plastic pipes (ISO 1452-2 for PVC and ISO 4427-2 for PE ) The spigots of plastic pipes used for water applications can be inserted into sockets of pipes manufactured according to this International Standard The spigots and sockets of products de fined in this International Standard are not dimensionally compatible with the products de fined in ISO 2531 This International Standard gives speci fications for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties and standard coatings and linings of pipes, fittings and accessories It also gives performance requirements for all components including joints This International Standard covers pipes, fittings and accessories cast by any type of foundry process or manufactured by fabrication of cast components, as well as corresponding joints in the size range DN/OD 50 to DN/OD 225 inclusive It is applicable to pipes, fittings and accessories which are — manufactured with socketed or spigot ends for jointing by means of various types of gaskets (which are not within the scope of this International Standard) , and — compulsory delivered internally and externally coated This International Standard is also applicable to socketed fittings which include flanged connections NO TE 1) In this International Standard, all pressures are relative pressures expressed in bar 1) 00 kPa = bar © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies Thermoplastics pipes, fittings and assemblies for the conveyance offluids — Determination of the resistance to internal pressure — Part 1: General method I S O 1 67-1 : 0 , ISO Plastics pipin g system s for water supply an d for buried an d above-groun d drain age an d 145 -2 , sewerage under pressure — Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) — Part 2: Pipes ISO 2531 , I S O 016 , I S O 4, I S O 41 , Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water applications Hexagon head bolts — Product grade C Hexagon regular nuts (style 1) — Product grade C Ductile iron pipes and fittings for pressure and non-pressure pipelines — Cement mortar lining Plastics piping systems — Polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings for water supply — Part 2: Pipes I S O 42 7-2 , I SO 463 , Rubber seals — Joint rings for water supply, drainage and sewerage pipelines — Specification for m aterials I S O 6 -1 , Metallic materials —Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature I S O -1 , I S O 70 -2 , I S O 70 , Metallic flanges — Part 2: Cast iron flanges Plain washers — Normal series — Product grade C Ductile iron pipes — External zinc-based coating — Part 1: Metallic zinc with finishing layer I S O 17 -1 , I S O 17 -2 , I SO 8180, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method Ductile iron pipes — External zinc coating — Part 2: Zinc rich paint with finishing layer Ductile iron pipelines — Polyethylene sleeving for site application I S O 10 02 , I S O 10 4, Ductile iron pipelines — Hydrostatic testing after installation Restrained joint systems for ductile iron pipelines — Design rules and type testing Plastics piping systems — End-load-bearing and non-end-load-bearing assemblies and joints for thermoplastics pressure piping — Test method for long-term leaktightness under internal water pressure I SO 46, I S O 61 , Ductile iron pipes and fittings — Seal coats for cement mortar linings Terms and de finitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and de finitions apply ductile iron type of cast iron used for pipes, fittings and accessories in which graphite is present primarily in s p he ro id a l fo r m 3.2 p ip e casting of uniform bore, with straight axis, having either socket, spigot or flanged ends, except for f langed sockets, f langed spigots and collars which are classi fied as fittings © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d ISO 16631:2016(E) 3.3 fitting casting other than a pipe, which allows pipeline deviation, change of direction or bore Note to entry: In addition, flanged sockets, flanged spigots, flange adaptors and collars are also classi fied as ittings f accessory component other than a pipe or fitting, which is used in a pipeline, such as mechanical flexible joints (3 14) , and — glands and bolts for — glands, bolts and locking rings or segments for restrained joints (3 15 ) Note to entry: Valves and hydrants of all types are not covered by the term accessory 3.5 component product de fined in to flange end of a pipe or fitting, extending perpendicular to its axis, with bolt holes equally spaced on a circle Note to entry: A flange may be fixed (e.g integrally cast, threaded-on or welded-on) or adjustable; an adjustable lange comprises a ring, in one or several parts bolted together, which bears on an end joint hub and can be freely rotated around the pipe axis before jointing f spigot male end of a pipe or fitting 3.8 spigot end maximum insertion depth of the spigot plus 50 mm socket female end of a pipe or fitting to make the connection with the spigot of the next component 10 gasket sealing component of a joint 11 joint connection between the ends of pipes and/or fittings in which a gasket is used to effect a seal flexible joint joint which provides signi ficant angular de flection and movement parallel and/or perpendicular to the pipe axis 3 push-in flexible joint f lexible joint assembled by pushing the spigot through the gasket into the socket of the mating component © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) 14 mechanical flexible joint lexible joint in which sealing is obtained by applying pressure to the gasket by mechanical means, f e g a gland restrained joint joint in which a means is provided to prevent separation of the assembled joint 16 langed joint joint between two flanged ends f 17 nominal size DN/OD alphanumerical designation of size for components of a pipework system, which is used for reference purposes Note to entry: It comprises the letters DN/OD followed by a dimensionless whole number which is indirectly related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the outside diameter of the end connections nominal size DN alphanumeric designation of size for components of a pipework system, which is used for reference purposes Note to entry: It comprises the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number, which is indirectly related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the bore or outside diameter of the end connections [SOURCE: ISO 6708:1995, 2.1, modi fied] 19 nominal pressure PN numerical designation expressed by a number which is used for reference purposes Note to entry: All components of the same nominal size DN/OD designated by the same PN number have compatible mating dimensions (see ISO 7268) 3.20 allowable operating pressure PFA maximum internal pressure, excluding surge, that a component can safely withstand in permanent service and designated, C 21 maximum allowable operating pressure PMA maximum internal pressure, including surge, that a component can safely withstand in service 3.22 allowable site test pressure PEA maximum hydrostatic pressure that a newly installed component can withstand for a relatively short duration, when either fixed above ground level or laid and backfilled underground, in order to measure the integrity and tightness of the pipeline Note to entry: This test pressure is different from the system test pressure which is related to the design pressure of the pipeline © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Table 22 (continued) DN/OD 14 16 Nominal diameter of Minimum the branch standardized length DN Lu Minimum height l mm mm 40 65 160 60, 65 90 180 80 10 185 10 125 19 125 150 200 40 65 70 50 75 70 60, 65 90 19 80 10 200 D10 125 205 125 150 10 150 175 220 40 65 19 50 75 19 60,65 90 215 80 10 225 10 125 230 125 150 240 150 175 45 200 220 250 40 10 19 50 110 19 60, 65 125 215 80 14 225 10 16 230 125 185 240 150 10 45 200 60 250 40 10 19 50 110 19 60, 65 125 21 80 14 225 10 16 230 125 185 240 150 10 45 200 260 260 180 200 225 36 © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d ISO 16631:2016(E) 8.2.12 All socket tee Figure 14 — All socket tee Table 23 — All socket tee DN/OD Nominal diameter of the branch DN Minimum standardized length Minimum height Lu lu mm mm 50 50 60 30 63 63 70 30 63 70 45 75 85 45 63 75 50 75 90 50 90 105 50 63 75 60 75 90 60 90 105 60 110 125 60 63 75 70 75 90 70 90 105 70 110 125 70 125 150 70 75 90 110 125 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 37 ISO 16631:2016(E) Table 23 (continued) DN/OD 140 160 180 200 225 38 Nominal diameter of the branch DN Minimum standardized length Minimum height Lu lu mm mm 63 75 75 75 90 75 90 105 75 110 125 75 125 150 75 140 150 75 63 75 85 75 90 85 90 105 85 110 125 85 125 150 85 140 150 85 160 175 85 63 75 95 75 80 95 90 90 95 110 125 95 160 175 95 180 190 95 63 110 105 75 125 105 90 140 105 110 160 105 125 160 105 140 185 105 160 210 105 180 230 105 200 240 105 63 110 120 75 125 120 90 140 120 110 160 120 160 210 120 200 240 120 225 260 120 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) 8.2.13 Double socket taper Figure 15 — Double socket taper Table 24 — Double socket taper Nominal outside diameter of the pipe dn1 dn2 Minimum standardized length Series A Series B Long Short Lu Lu 63 50 70 20 75 63 80 20 50 80 20 63 80 25 75 80 20 63 160 35 75 120 35 90 85 30 75 190 55 90 135 35 110 100 40 75 190 55 90 135 45 110 100 40 125 100 40 90 190 55 110 150 50 125 100 40 140 100 40 90 110 125 140 160 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 39 ISO 16631:2016(E) Table 24 (continued) Nominal outside diameter of the pipe dn1 180 200 225 40 dn2 Minimum standardized length Series A Series B Long Short Lu Lu 90 250 90 110 250 80 125 200 70 140 145 65 160 145 60 90 250 95 110 250 85 125 250 75 140 200 70 160 145 70 180 145 60 125 250 80 140 200 75 160 145 70 180 145 65 200 145 60 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex A (informative) External coating A.1 Factors characterizing aggressiveness of external operating environments — resistivity; — pH; — water table level; — stray currents; — corrosion cells; — contamination A.2 Centrifugally cast pipe coatings for protection against aggressive external operating environments In the case of active protection, evidence of the long-term performance of enhanced coatings (e.g tests and references) should be provided by the manufacturer It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to prove the enhancement in comparison with ISO 8179 -1 or ISO 8179-2 of the performances with the appropriate methods In the case of other protection, evidence of the long-term performance of enhanced protection (e.g tests and references) should be provided by the manufacturer It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to prove the enhancement in comparison with ISO 8180 of the performances with the appropriate methods For other types of pipe coatings including their repair method, refer to national standards or pipe manufacturers A.3 Fitting and accessory coatings for protection against aggressive external operating environments Only ISO standardized coatings are given here Other coatings are permitted as follows: — metallic zinc with finishing layer, in accordance with ISO 8179-1; — zinc rich paint with finishing layer, in accordance with ISO 8179-2; — polyethylene sleeving, in accordance with ISO 8180 For other types of fitting and accessory coatings, including their repair method, refer to national standards or pipe manufacturer’s speci fications © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 41 ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex B (informative) Internal lining B.1 Factors characterizing aggressiveness of raw and potable waters — pH; — sulfates; — magnesium; — ammonium; — aggressive CO B.2 Centrifugally cast pipe linings for protection against aggressive raw and potable waters Only ISO standardized internal linings are given here Other linings are permitted as follows: — Portland cement mortar, in accordance with ISO 4179; — blast furnace slag cement mortar, in accordance with ISO 4179; — cement mortar with seal coat, in accordance with ISO 16132 For other types of pipe linings, including their repair method, refer to national standards or the pipe manufacturer’s speci fications B.3 Fitting and accessory linings for protection against aggressive raw and potable waters Only ISO standardized internal linings are given here Other linings are permitted as follows: — Portland cement mortar, in accordance with ISO 4179; — blast furnace slag cement mortar, in accordance with ISO 4179; — cement mortar with seal coat, in accordance with ISO 16132 For other types of fitting and accessory linings, including their repair method, refer to national standards or the pipe manufacturer’s speci fications 42 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex C (normative) Stiffness determination C.1 Diametral stiffness determination The diametral stiffness S of a pipe is given by Formula (C.1): S = 000 × E/12 × (es tiff/D) (C 1) where S is the diametral stiffness, in kilonewtons per square metre; es tiff is the pipe wall thickness for the calculation of the pipe diametral stiffness, in millimetres; NOTE es tiff = e + 0, (enom – e min) emin is the minimum pipe wall thickness, in millimetres; D is the mean diameter of the pipe ( DE is the nominal pipe external diameter, DN/OD, in millimetres; E is the modulus of elasticity of the material, in megapascal (170 000 MPa) DE – es tiff) , in millimetres; For each DN/OD, the manufacturer shall provide to the purchaser the diametral s tiffness value for the pipes C.2 Longitudinal bending moment determination The longitudinal bending moments are calculated by Formula (C.2): M = 0,25 × π × 10 −6 Rf × D2 × e (C 2) where M is the bending moment, in kilonewton metres; D is the mean pipe diameter ( DE is the nominal pipe external diameter, DN/OD, in millimetres; emin is the minimum pipe wall thickness, in millimetres; Rf is the allowable stress in the pipe wall, DE − e) , in millimetres; Rf = 250, in megapascals For each DN/OD, the manufacturer shall provide to the purchaser the longitunal bending value for the pipes © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 43 ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex D (normative) Quality assurance D.1 General The manufacturer has the responsibility to demonstrate the conformity of his products with this International Standard by — carrying out type tests (see D 2) , and — controlling the quality of the manufacturing process (see D 3) D.2 Type tests The type tests speci fied in Clause of this International Standard shall be carried out either by the manufacturer or, at his request, by a competent testing institute in order to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this International Standard Full reports of these type tests are retained by the supplier of pipes, fittings and gaskets as evidence of compliance If fittings or gaskets are supplied separately from pipes, full reports of the type tests on these components and their compatibility with pipes shall be made available to the client by the fittings or gaskets suppliers D.3 Quality control The manufacturer controls the quality of his products during their manufacture by a system of process control in order to comply with the technical requirements of this International Standard It is recommended that the manufacturer’s quality system conforms to ISO 9001 If third-party certi fication to ISO 9001 is involved, it is recommended that the certi fication body is accredited to a relevant International Standard as applicable 44 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex E (informative) Safety factors The following safety factors are used in the design for minimum thicknesses for ductile iron pipes: Table E.1 — Safety factors for ductile iron pipes Design criteria Safety factor Mechanical property PFA ,0 Minimum ultimate tensile s trength of 420 MPa PM A 2,5 Minimum ultimate tensile s trength of 420 MPa E xternal loads 1,5 Yield bending strength of 50 MPa © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 45 ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex F (normative) Water pipeline systems incorporating ductile iron and plastic components F.1 Maximum allowable operating pressure T he ma ximum al lowable op erating pres s ure of the s ys tem shal l take into account the rating of pip ework or equipment that may b e connec ted to thes e pip es: — duc ti le iron comp onents and their j oints — the rating of pip es and fittings is b ar but attention shal l b e p aid to the j oints , non-res trained and restrained, performances; — plas tic comp onents and their j oints — many kind of pres s ure ratings exis t for plas tic pip es and fittings , s uch as 10 b ar, 16 b ar, b ar I f plas tic pip es are connec ted to duc tile iron pip es in conformity with this I nternational Standard, the pipeline maximum allowable operating pressure shall not be higher than the plastic pipe pressure rating; — — attention shal l b e p aid to the leaktightnes s of the j oints; other — f langed comp onents attention shal l b e to the PN rating of f langed comp onents , s uch as f langed fittings , f lange adap tors , valves , hydrants T he al lowable pres s ures within a pip eline s ys tem shal l b e limited to the lowes t pres s ure clas s i fication of al l comp onents within the s ys tem F.2 Dimensional compatibility Plas tic pip e s pigot end can b e inser ted in duc ti le iron sockets of pip es , or fittings , in conformity with this International Standard Special gaskets or devices, designed for plastic pipes, shall be used if it is intended to self-restrain the pipeline O n ly s pigot end of f langed- s pigot fitting end of f langed-s pigot fitting (see ) can be inserted in plastic pipes sockets The spigot has a narrow tolerance gap which al lows this dimens ional comp atibi lity F.3 On-site pressure test The on-site pressure test needs to be suitable for a DI-PVC or DI-PE combination In the absence of national standards, regulation or guideline, the on-site pressure test should be done according to ISO 10802 46 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) Annex G (informative) Environmental aspects G.1 Recycled material Ductile iron pipes and fittings can be produced using two main sources of iron as follows: — iron ores with blast furnaces; — iron scraps (steel scraps, cast iron scraps, ductile iron scraps, etc.) with cupolas or electric furnaces The pipes and fittings made with these two sources of iron have identical mechanical performances G.2 Recyclability Old cast iron pipe or old ductile iron pipes and fittings can be reused to produce new ductile iron pipes and fittings with performances and requirements in conformity with this International Standard It is recommended to remove from the ground old buried pipes and fittings and to recycle them as metal scraps G.3 Packaging materials Packaging materials should be recyclable © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 47 ISO 16631:2016(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 161-1, Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids — Nominal outside diameters and [2] ISO 6708, Pipework components — Definition and selection of DN (nominal size) [3] ISO 7268, Pipe components — Definition of nominal pressure [4] ISO 7483, Dimensions of gaskets for use with flanges to ISO 7005 [5] ISO 10803, Design method for ductile iron pipes nominal pressures — Part 1: Metric series Bibliography on leaktightness requirements on plastic pipes joints This document has been used to define the leaktightness requirements and test methods on plastic pipes [6] EN 12842, Ductile iron fittings for PVC-U ou PE piping systems Bibliography on thin wall ductile iron casting These documents give a view of the state of the art concerning thin wall casting of ductile iron components [7] Rwanda R.E., S tefanescu D.M., P iwonka T.S (2002) Microstructure Characterization of Ductile Thin Wall Iron Castings Thin Wall Iron Castings, 80 (USA) [8] R ebasa N., D ommarco R., S ikora J Wear resistance of high nodule count ductile iron Wear 2002, 253 (7) pp 855–861 [9] C hoi J.O., K im J.Y., C hoi C.O., K im J.K., Rohatgi P.K Effect of rare earth element on microstructure formation and mechanical properties of thin wall ductile iron castings Mater Sci Eng A 2004, 383 (2) pp 323–333 [10] L abrecque C., G agn é M., J avaid A Optimizing the mechanical properties of thin-wall ductile iron castings AFS Transactions 2005, 113 (5) p 677 [11] P edersen K.M., & T iedje N Solidi fication of hypereutectic thin wall ductile cast iron Mater Sci Forum 2006 January, 508 pp 63–68) [Denmark] [12] Gó rny M Thermal analysis of ductile iron in thin walled casting Archives of Foundry Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences-Katowice 2007, (4) pp 69–72 [Poland] [13] S osa A.D., E cheverr í a M.D., M oncada O.J., S imison S.N Surface reactivity of thin wall ferritic ductile iron The effect of nodule count and grinding variables Mater Lett 2008, 62 (1) pp 100–102 [14] S heikh M.A Production of carbide-free thin ductile iron castings Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy Material 2008, 15 (5) pp 552–555 [15] M ourad M.M., I brahim K.M., I brahim M.M., N ofal A.A (2008, February) Optimizing the properties of thin wall austempered ductile iron In 68th World Foundry Congress (pp 161-166) [16] Tare B A., & S hinde V D (2014, December) Grey Relational Analysis of Thin Wall Ductile Iron Casting B urbelko A.A., G urgul D., K apturkiewicz W., G ó rny M Cellular automaton modelling of ductile iron microstructure in the thin wall casting In IOP Conference Series Mater Sci Eng [17] 2012 July, 33 (1) p 012083 [) IOP Publishing ] [Poland] 48 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 16631:2016(E) [18] Gó rny M., & T yra ł a E Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-walled ductile iron castings J Mater Eng Perform 2013, 22 (1) pp 300–305 [Poland] [19] Vidyarthee G., & S ingh K.K Thin Wall Austempered Ductile Iron: A Best Replaceable Material [20] to Steel and Aluminum India, 2014 Tare B A., & S hinde V D (2014, December) Grey Relational Analysis of Thin Wall Ductile Iron Casting (India) © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 49 ISO 16631:2016(E) ICS 77.140.75; 91.140.60 Price based on 49 pages © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved