Microsoft PowerPoint ESD Ch4 2016 8/9/2016 1 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA KHOA ĐIỆN ĐIỆN TỬ BỘ MÔN KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ 11 Embedded System Design Chapter 4 Hardware design for[.]
8/9/2016 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA KHOA ĐIỆN-ĐIỆN TỬ BỘ MÔN KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ Embedded System Design Chapter 4: Hardware design for an embedded system Hardware components Design block diagrams Design detail schematics Hardware Design Deployment 1. Hardware components Microprocessors/Microcontrollers – 8/16/32‐bit microcontroller: PICs, ARMs – DSP Peripherals – – – – – Input devices: button, switch, keyboard, mouse, touch‐screen Display devices: LED, text LCD, graphic LCD Sensors: temperature, humidity, light, motion Actuators: motor, solenoid, relay, FET, triac, SCR Interfaces: UART, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee Clock / reset circuits Power supply – AC/DC adapters – Battery Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Microprocessors/Microcontrollers – – – – Is a center processing unit Control input devices, sensors, actuators, display devices Process tasks, functions, and algorithms Interface other systems microprocessor Example of an embedded system Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 1. Hardware components • Microprocessors/Microcontrollers – The Intel MCS‐51 (commonly referred to as 8051) is a Harvard architecture, CISC instruction set, single chip microcontroller (µC) series which was developed by Intel in 1980 – PIC is a family of modified Harvard architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip Technology – ARM is a family of instruction set architectures for computer processors developed by British company ARM Holdings, based on a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture 8051 Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử PIC Chapter ARM 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Peripherals – – – – – Input devices: button, switch, keyboard, mouse, touch‐screen Display devices: LED, text LCD, graphic LCD Sensors: temperature, humidity, light, motion Actuators: motor, solenoid, relay, FET, triac, SCR Interfaces: UART, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee Display device: LCD Input device: keypad Interface: UART Actuator: relay Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 1. Hardware components • Clock / reset circuits – Clock circuits: provide clock signal for microcontrollers C1 XTAL1 22p 20M CRYSTAL C2 XTAL2 22p On-chip oscillator Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Off-chip oscillator (a) Crystal oscillator (b) RC oscillator Chapter 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Clock / reset circuits – Reset circuits: provide reset signal for microcontrollers R1 R3 10k 10k RESET Active-low reset Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử RESET RESET R2 C3 10k 1uF Active-high reset Power-on auto reset Chapter 1. Hardware components • Power supply – AC/DC adapters Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Power supply – Switching power supply A simple switching power supply using LM2576 Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 1. Hardware components • Power supply – Battery Simple 5VDC battery power supply 12VDC battery backup power supply Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 10 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Connectors – Interface with extension hardware Power connector connectors Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 11 Team work • Describe hardware components of your design for your class project • List 4 component groups: – Processor / microcontroller – Peripheral – Clock/reset circuit – Power supply Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 12 8/9/2016 2. Design block diagram • Block diagram – Is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks – Use to model the system graphically and show the relationships in the process. – presents a quick overview of major process steps and key process participants, as well as the relationships and interfaces Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 13 Chapter 2. Design block diagram • Hardware block diagram – Use a rectangle for a hardware block – Use an arrow for a connection One way One way Two ways Two ways Single connection Multiple ways Multiple connections Curve connection Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 14 8/9/2016 2. Design block diagram • Hardware block diagram – Use a symbol for a special block Speaker Lamp Antenna Bell Energy Network Microphone Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Amplifier computer Converter Database Rectifier Chapter 15 2. Design block diagram • Block diagram features: – Block diagram name – Physical blocks • Block name • Have at least one connection – Connections • One direction / two directions/ multiple directions • Single / multiple connections • Data type of connections – Special block • Block name • Extra information Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 16 8/9/2016 2. Design block diagram • Recommendations CPU block is at the center Sensor/input blocks are at the left side Actuator blocks are at the right side User interface blocks are at the top Memory/ database/ blocks are at the bottom Use different colors for differently functional blocks Use symbols for special blocks • Exceptions – Not enough space – Special systems such as SoC, NoC – Complex systems Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 17 Chapter Hardware block diagram – Example 1 • Poor example Temperature sensor PIC Microcontroller Buttons Heater – – – – No block diagram name Wrong direction of connection Problem of single / multiple connections No data type of connections Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 18 8/9/2016 Hardware block diagram – Example 2 MOTOR CONTROL BLOCK DIAGRAM Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 19 Chapter Hardware block diagram – Example 3 Home security system Motion sensor Door sensor Smoke sensor IR sensor PIC Microcontroller SIM900 => Make this block diagram better! Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 20 10 8/9/2016 3. Design detail schematics • Schematic components: – Information table • • • • • – Extra information • Explanation of operations • Parameters • Acronyms Title Description Author Date Revision – Schematic circuit • ICs • Devices • Connections Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 21 Chapter 3. Design detail schematics – Example 1 EPE PIC/LCD DEMO LCD1 C1 PG12864F X1 10p C2 D1 R3 U1 10k 13 14 R1 10k R2 10k S1 10 OSC1/CLKIN OSC2/CLKOUT MCLR/Vpp/THV RB0/INT RB1 RB2 RB3/PGM RA0/AN0 RB4 RA1/AN1 RB5 RA2/AN2/VREFRB6/PGC RA3/AN3/VREF+ RB7/PGD RA4/T0CKI RA5/AN4/SS RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 RE0/AN5/RD RC2/CCP1 RE1/AN6/WR RC3/SCK/SCL RE2/AN7/CS RC4/SDI/SDA RC5/SDO RC6/TX/CK RC7/RX/DT D2 RD0/PSP0 RD1/PSP1 RD2/PSP2 RD3/PSP3 RD4/PSP4 RD5/PSP5 RD6/PSP6 RD7/PSP7 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 FG VSS VDD VEE WR RD CE C/D RST D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 FS1 10p 1N4148 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 It is an excellent demonstration of how Proteus VSM can be used to carry out experiments with microprocessors and their peripherals without the need to assemble the physical hardware 4MHz VDD 15 16 17 18 23 24 25 26 VDD VEE This circuit is taken from John Becker's article in the February 2001 edition of Everyday/Practical Electronics and is reproduced with their permission 19 20 21 22 27 28 29 30 PIC16F877 J1 CONN-H4 EPE PIC/LCD DEMO E l e c t r o n i c s Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Labcenter Electronics, 53-55 Main Street, Grassington, North Yorkshire, BD23 5AA Fax: +44 (0)1756 752857 Tel: +44 (0)1756 753440 http://www.labcenter.co.uk/ Email: info@labcenter.co.uk WWW: Chapter 22 11 8/9/2016 3. Design detail schematics – Example 2 C1 C2 0.1u 15 R1 0.1u R2 50k + R5 U1 60k 49k OS2 OP-07 R4 C4 1.2k 0.25u V- -15 4 OS1 OUT -15 - - OS1 OUT 15 + R6 U2 49k 0.1u -15 DC = AC = TRAN = C3 V+ V3 R3 V1400 OP-07 V- OS2 V+ V2 15 -15 out 15 C ad en ce D esig n Systems 2655 Seely Av enue San Jose, Calif ornia 95134 408.943.1234 Title BANDPASS Size A Date: Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Rev Thursday , Nov ember 01, 2012 Sheet of 23 Chapter Group discussion • Discus about below block diagram: LCD Keypad PIC Microcontroller Solenoid Battery Management Speaker Digital door lock Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 24 12 8/9/2016 Team work • Draw a block diagram for your class project Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 25 Chapter 4. Hardware Design Deployment • Choose options for hardware design • Example: Temperature controller Option Components Processor / Microcontroller Option Description Score Description Score PIC16F877 Program memory 8K ARM STM32F030 Program memory 16K LM35 (analog output) DS18B20 (digital output) Text LCD LCD1602 Graphic LCD LM32019P2 Temperature Sensor Display TOTAL 25 19 High score: high quality, cheap price, familiar, much support from manufacture Low score: expensive, difficult to use, high power consumption, … Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 26 13 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method: – proposed by Dr. Yoji Akao in 1996 – to transform qualitative user demands into quantitative parameters – to deploy the functions forming quality – to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts, – to specific elements of the manufacturing process Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 27 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: is a techniques based on QFD – Appeared in 1972 – The house can be divided in “rooms” Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 28 14 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 1: What? • What is desired in order to reach the new service’s development? Example: Automatic light control system No Customer’s requirements Long life cycle Easy to charge energy Low power Low cost Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 29 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 2: How list • How are the design requirements of the product? Example: Automatic light control system No Design requirements Low power microcontroller LED light bulb Solar panel Lithium‐ion battery Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 30 15 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 3: Relation matrix • shows the relationships between “What” and “How” • defined by three strength levels: weak, medium, and strong relation. Customer’s requirement Design Low power LED light requirement micro‐ bulb controller Solar panel Lithium‐ion battery Long life cycle S S S S Easy to charge energy W W S M Low power M S W M Low cost M M M S Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 31 Chapter 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 4: Benchmarking Lithium ‐ion battery Bad Average Long life cycle S S S S Easy to charge energy W W S M Low power M S W M X Low cost M M M S X Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter Evaluator Solar panel Evaluator Design Low LED light requirement power micro‐ bulb Customer’s controller requirement Evaluator • Benchmarking is carried out for “What” and “How”. • Persons in charge of the product design make this evaluation Good X X 32 16 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 5: Importance level • Create a value for each relationship between client and design requirement • The personnel in charge of the system design make this evaluation Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 33 Chapter 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: Importance Evaluator What Lithium ‐ion battery Evaluator Customer’s requirement Design Low LED Solar requirement power light panel micro‐ bulb controller Evaluator – Table 5: Importance level Bad Average Good Long life cycle S S S S Easy to charge energy W W S M X Low power M S W M X Low cost M M M S X 52 64 Importance Strong = Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Medium = Chapter X Weak = 34 17 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 6: Correlation matrix • is a triangular table • describes the strength of the relationships between the design requirements • is to identify which requirements support each other and which ones do not Bộ mơn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử 35 Chapter 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 6: Correlation matrix • ++ Strong positive • + positive • ‐ negative + + ++ Low power micro‐ controller Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử LED light bulb Solar panel Chapter Lithium‐ion battery 36 18 8/9/2016 Team work • Design House of Quality for your class project Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật Điện Tử Chapter 37 19