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O V OT O TRƢỜNG I HỌ NH TR NG &&& - HU H THI T NGHIÊN CỨU PHÁT TRIỂN THỨ ĂN VIÊN CHO CÁ CHIM VÂY VÀNG (Trachinotus falcatus) LUẬN N TI N S NU I TRỒNG TH KH NH H , 2018 S N O V OT O TRƢỜNG I HỌ NH TR NG &&& HU H THI T NGHIÊN ỨU PH T TRIỂN THỨ ĂN VIÊN HO HIM V V NG Trachinotus falcatus) N n o t o: Nu trồn T s n M n n : 62620301 LUẬN N TI N S NU I TRỒNG TH N N N S N O : PGS TS NGUYỄN QUANG HUY PGS TS PH M QUỐC HÙNG KH NH H , 2018 n trìn ƣợc o n t n t Trƣờn ọc N a Tran Người hướng dẫn khoa học: PGS TS Nguyễn Quang uy P S TS Phạm Quốc ùng Phản biện 1: S TS Nguyễn Thanh Phương Phản biện 2: P S TS Lê Thanh ùng Phản biện 3: TS Trương Phương Luận án bảo vệ ội đồng đánh giá luận án cấp Trường họp Trường ại học Nha Trang vào hồi …… giờ, ngày … tháng… Năm 2018 ó thể tìm hiểu luận án tại: - Thư viện Quốc gia - Thư viện Trường ại học Nha Trang i LỜI M O N Tôi xin cam đoan cơng trình nghiên cứu tơi Các kết trình bày luận án thành nghiên cứu D án: “Sử dụng hiệu nguồn dinh dưỡng phát triển nuôi trồng thuỷ sản bền vững miền Trung Việt Nam bối cảnh biến đổi khí hậu” (M số: 11-P02-VIE), thuộc chương trình hợp tác Chính phủ Việt Nam an Mạch lĩnh v c biến đổi khí hậu Tơi thành viên tham gia d án với tư cách nghiên cứu sinh, th c tồn thí nghiệm dinh dưỡng, thức ăn cho cá chim vây vàng Trachinotus falcatus) Tôi đ iám đốc d án, PGS TS Nguyễn Quang Huy, đồng thời người hướng dẫn chính, cho phép sử dụng tất số liệu, kết nghiên cứu cho luận án tiến sĩ Tơi xin cam đoan kết quả, số liệu luận án trung th c chưa công bố cơng trình nghiên cứu hay tạp ch trước Việc công bố kết nghiên cứu đ tuân thủ theo quy định chương trình đào tạo tiến sĩ Trường ại học Nha Trang, theo thỏa thuận với Nhà tài trợ đối tác th c d án phía an Mạch h nh H , th ng năm 2018 Nghiên cứu sinh hu h Thiết ii LỜI Để hoàn thành M ƠN u n n n y, ã nh n c nhiều giúp ỡ, hi s nh n, t p thể Từ y l ng, trân trọng biết ơn giúp ỡ quý b u ó: Lời ầu tiên, tơi xin trân trọng cảm ơn Ban Gi m hi u r ờng Đ i họ h r ng, n ãnh o i n uôi tr ng hủy sản thu r ờng; go i gi o Đ n h Vi n Nghiên cứu Nuôi tr ng Thuỷ sản I ã t o iều ki n thu n l i ho tơi hồn thành khố học Tôi ặc bi t trân trọng biết ơn PGS guy n u ng Huy, ng ời h ớng dẫn hính, ã hỗ tr , giúp ỡ tơi t n tình vi ịnh h ớng nghiên cứu, triển khai thí nghi m, phân tích mẫu, chỉnh sửa báo cáo khoa học hoàn thi n lu n án; PGS h m u H ng ã t n tình giúp ỡ, h ớng dẫn xây dựng ề ơng nghiên ứu, hoàn thi n huyên ề nghiên cứu, ho t ng học thu t chỉnh sửa hoàn thi n Lu n n ôi ũng trân trọng cảm ơn ự n: “ dụng hi u ngu n dinh d ỡng phát triển nuôi tr ng thuỷ sản bền vững miền Trung Vi t Nam b i cảnh biến ổi khí h u” ã s : 11-P02-VIE), thu h ơng trình h p tác Chính phủ Vi t mv Đ n h lĩnh vực biến ổi khí h u, ã t i tr t i hính, sở v t chất, thiết bị vi c thực hi n tồn b thí nghi m nghiên cứu; trân trọng cảm ơn Tiến sỹ Ivar Lund, i tác dự án thu c Đ i học Kỹ thu t Đ n h ã nhi t tình góp ý, chỉnh sửa thí nghi m báo cáo khoa học Tôi chân thành cảm ơn n ãnh o t p thể, cán b công tác t i Phân vi n Nghiên cứu Nuôi tr ng Thuỷ sản Bắc Trung B , nơi ông t , ã hi s , giúp ỡ t n tình su t trình học t p, triển khai thí nghi m Cu i cùng, tơi xin gửi lời cảm ơn h n th nh tới ng ời thân, b n bè, ng nghi p ã ng viên, giúp ỡ tơi su t q trình học t p, nghiên cứu, hoàn thành Lu n n Nghiên cứu sinh Chu Chí Thiết iii M LỜI L M O N i LỜI C M ƠN ii M L iii NH M NG viii NH M H NH x NH M H VI T TẮT xi NH NG ÓNG GÓP MỚI C A LUẬN ÁN xiv MỞ ẦU ƣơn TỔNG QUAN 1.1 Một v ặc ểm sinh học c a cá chim vây vàng 1.1.1 Vị trí phân loại 1.1.2 ặc điểm hình thái ngồi 1.1.3 Tập tính phân bố 1.1.4 ặc điểm dinh dưỡng 1.1.5 ặc điểm sinh trưởng 1.1.6 ặc điểm sinh sản 1.2 Tình hình s n xuất giốn , nu t ƣơn p ẩm c c m v v n tron nƣớc giới 1.2.1 Sản xuất giống nuôi thương ph m cá chim vây vàng giới 1.2.2 Sản xuất giống nuôi thương ph m cá chim vây vàng Viêt Nam 1.3 Tình hình nghiên cứu d n dƣỡng thức ăn c o c b ển 1.3.1 Nghiên cứu dinh dưỡng, thức ăn loài cá chim vây vàng 1.3.2 Nghiên cứu dinh dưỡng, thức ăn cho loài cá biển khác 12 1.3.2.1 Nghiên cứu nhu cầu protein 12 iv 1.3.2.2 Nghiên cứu nhu cầu l ng 14 1.3.2.3 Nghiên cứu cân protein v l ng thứ ăn 15 1.3.2.4 Nghiên cứu nhu cầu lipid axit béo 16 1.3.2.5 Nghiên cứu nhu cầu hydrat carbon 19 1.3.2.6 Nghiên cứu tiêu hóa m t s lo i nguyên li u 19 1.3.2.7 Nghiên cứu thay protein b t cá protein thực v t 23 1.3.2.8 Nghiên cứu thay dầu cá dầu thực v t 26 ƣơn VẬT LIỆU V PHƢƠNG PH P NGHIÊN ỨU 28 2.1 ố tƣợng nghiên cứu 28 2.2 Ph m vi nghiên cứu 28 2.3 Thờ an v ịa ểm nghiên cứu 28 2.4 Hệ thống thí nghiệm 28 2.5 Sơ khối nội dung nghiên cứu 30 2.6 P ƣơn p p t ến hành nội dung nghiên cứu 31 2.6.1 Nghiên cứu nhu cầu protein lượng thức ăn cá chim vây vàng giống - Thí nghi m 31 2.6.1.1 Cá thí nghi m 31 2.6.1.2 Thứ ăn thí nghi m 31 2.6.1.3 B trí theo dõi thí nghi m 31 2.6.1.4 Thu mẫu phân tích 32 2.6.1.5 Các tiêu nh gi 33 2.6.2 ánh giá khả tiêu hóa số nguyên liệu cung cấp protein cá chim vây vàng giống - Thí nghi m 35 2.6.2.1 Cá thí nghi m 35 2.6.2.2 Thứ ăn thí nghi m 35 2.6.2.3 B trí theo dõi thí nghi m 37 v 2.6.2.4 Thu mẫu phân cá 37 2.6.2.5 Các tiêu nh gi 37 2.6.3 Nghiên cứu khả thay protein bột cá protein bột đậu nành thức ăn cá chim vây vàng giống- Thí nghi m 38 2.6.3.1 Cá thí nghi m 38 2.6.3.2 Thứ ăn thí nghi m 38 2.6.3.3 B trí theo dõi thí nghi m 38 2.6.3.4 Thu mẫu cá máu cá 40 2.6.3.5 Các tiêu nh gi 40 2.6.4 Nghiên cứu khả thay dầu cá dầu đậu nành thức ăn cá chim vây vàng giống -Thí nghi m 41 2.6.4.1 Cá thí nghi m 41 2.6.4.2 Thứ ăn thí nghi m 41 2.6.4.3 B trí theo dõi thí nghi m 41 2.6.4.4 Thu mẫu cá thí nghi m 43 2.6.4.5 Các tiêu nh gi 43 2.6.5 ánh giá hiệu thức ăn nghiên cứu nuôi cá chim vây vàng giống quy mô thí nghiệm - Thí nghi m 44 2.6.5.1 Cá thí nghi m 44 2.6.5.2 Thứ ăn thí nghi m 44 2.6.5.3 B trí theo dõi thí nghi m 44 2.6.5.4 Thu mẫu thí nghi m 45 2.6.5.5 Các tiêu nh gi 46 2.7 P ƣơn p n tíc 46 pp 2.7.1 Phân tích sinh hóa máu thành phần dinh dưỡng 46 2.7.1.1 Phân tích sinh hóa máu 46 2.7.1.2 Phân tích thành phần dinh d ỡng 47 vi 2.7.2 Xác định tiêu tăng trưởng, hiệu sử dụng thức ăn, tỷ lệ sống cá thí nghiệm 48 2.7.3 Xử lý phân tích số liệu 49 ƣơn K T QU NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ TH O LUẬN 50 3.1 Nhu cầu prote n v năn lƣợng c a cá chim vây vàng giống 50 3.1.1 Ảnh hưởng protein lượng đến khả tiêu hóa thức ăn cá chim vây vàng giống 50 3.1.2 Ảnh hưởng protein lượng tới tăng trưởng, hiệu sử dụng thức ăn cá chim vây vàng 53 3.1.3 Ảnh hưởng protein lượng đến chất lượng thịt cá chim vây vàng giống 56 3.1.4 Thảo luận 58 3.2 Kh năn t óa số n u ên l ệu prote n bột cá protein bột thực vật c a cá chim vây vàng giống 62 3.2.1 ộ tiêu hóa thức ăn cá chim vây vàng giống 62 3.2.2 ộ tiêu hóa nguyên liệu cá chim vây vàng giống 63 3.2.3 Thảo luận 64 3.3 n ƣởng c a thay protein bột cá protein bột ậu n n tron t ức ăn c a c c m v v n ống 67 3.3.1 Ảnh hưởng protein bột đậu nành đến tăng trưởng tỷ lệ sống cá chim vây vàng giống 67 3.3.2 Ảnh hưởng protein bột đậu nành đến hiệu sử dụng thức ăn cá chim vây vàng giống 68 3.3.3 Ảnh hưởng protein bột đậu nành đến thành phần dinh dưỡng thịt cá chim vây vàng giống 70 3.3.4 Ảnh hưởng protein bột đậu nành đến số tiêu sinh hóa máu cá chim vây vàng giống 71 3.3.5 Thảo luận 72 vii 3.4 n ƣởng c a thay dầu cá dầu ậu nành thức ăn c a cá chim vây vàng giống 74 3.4.1 Ảnh hưởng dầu đậu nành đến tốc độ tăng trưởng, hiệu sử thức ăn tỷ lệ sống cá chim vây vàng giống 74 3.4.2 Ảnh hưởng dầu đậu nành đến thành phần dinh dưỡng thịt cá chim vây vàng giống 75 3.4.3 Ảnh hưởng dầu đậu nành đến thành phần axit béo thịt cá chim vây vàng giống 75 3.4.4 Thảo luận 80 3.5 Hiệu qu c a thức ăn n ên cứu so với thức ăn t ƣơn m ối với cá chim vây vàng giống quy mơ thí nghiệm 82 3.5.1 Ảnh hưởng thức ăn đến tốc độ tăng trưởng, hiệu sử dụng protein, hệ số chuyển đổi thức ăn, tỷ lệ sống cá chim vây vàng giống 82 3.5.2 Ảnh hưởng thức ăn đến số tiêu dinh dưỡng thịt cá chim vây vàng giống 83 3.5.3 Hiệu kinh tế thức ăn nghiên cứu so với thức ăn thương mại có sẵn Việt Nam 83 3.5.4 Hiệu môi trường thức ăn nghiên cứu so 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