Quá trình đổi mới chính sách thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài vào trung quốc

■m JMW4 Ha Noi - 2010 ILS m TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THlfVlEN PHONG LUAN AN-TU LIEU TRAN THI HUYEN TRANG ■ QUA TRINH 001 MOI CHINH SACH THU HUT DAU TO TRUC TIEP NOOC NGOAIVAO TRUNG QUOC Chuyen nganh: Kinh te doi ngoai LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE ■ ■ THS Ngutii hitting dan khoa hoc' gs.ts dOdQcbinh HA NOI-2010 LCD CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan luan van “Qua trinh dot mffi chinh such thu hut dau tw r r true tiep nuffc ngoai vao Trung Quoc” la cong trinh nghien curu cua rieng toi Cac so lieu va trich dan luan van la hoan toan trung thuc, co nguon goc ro rang va khong chep bat ky luan van, luan an nao Ngay thang nam 2010 Hqc vien Tran Thi Huyen Trang LCH CAM ON Trong qua trinh nghien cuu hoan de tai luan van “Qua trinh doi moi chinh sach thu hut dau tic true tiep nirofc ngoai vao Trung Quoc”, toi da nhan duqc su huong dan va nhung dong gop y kien quy bau cua GS.TS Do Dure Binh va cac thay, co giao Khoa Thuong mai va Kinh te quoc te da giup toi tir buoc dau xay dung y tucrng cho den ket thuc, hoan thien de tai ' ' ' ' Voi tam long biet om sau sac, cho phep toi bay to long biet on chan tdi cac thay co giao, dac biet la GS.TS Do Due Binh Toi xin tran cam on! MUC LUC • • Trang TRANG PHU BIA MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC CHU * VIET TAT TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO DAU CHITONG 1: NHLTNG TU TUONG CUA TRUNG QUOC TRONG MO cUa VA THU HUT DAU TlT TRtfC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 1.1 Sy can thiet phai cai each va md cu*a kinh te o’ Trung Quoc 1.2 Nhung tir tu’d'ng cua Trung Quoc niff cira va thu hut FDI qua cac giai doan 1.2.1 Giai doan 1979-1991 1.2.2 Giai doan 1992-2000 11 1.2.3 Giai doan 2001-2009 15 1.3 Vai tro cua dieu chinh va doi moi chinh sach thu hut dau tir tryc tiep nuoc ngoai doi voi sy phat trien cua quoc gia 19 1.3.1 Doi voi Chinh phu nuoc satai 20 1.3.2 Doi vdi cac nha Dau tu nude ngoai 21 CHUONG 2: IHIC TRANG DOI MCH CHINH SACH THU HUT FDI CUA TRUNG QUOC TU" NAM 2001-2009 VA BAI HQC KINH NGHIEM CUA TRUNG QUOC VE DOI MCH CHINH SACH THU HUT DAU TU TRUC TIEP NIOC NGOAI 24 2.1 Phan tich qua trinh doi moi chinh sach thu hut FDI cua Trung Quoc 24 2.1.1 Giai doan 1979-1991 25 2.1.2 Giai doan 1992-2000 25 2.1.3 Giai doan 2001-2009 26 r a 2.2 Cac chinh sach, bien phap ma Trung Quoc da dieu chinh va doi moi qua cac giai doan 29 2.2.1 Haply 29 2.2.2 Chua hup ly va nguyen nhan 46 2.3 Mot so bai hoc kinh nghiem rut cho Viet Nam 49 2.3.1 Bai hoc tir nhung cong chinh sach thu hut FDI cua Trung Quoc 49 2.3.2 Bai hoc tir nhung that bai chinh sach thu hut FDI cua Trung Quoc 54 CHVONG 3: GIAI PHAP DOI MOI VA HOAN THIEN CHINH SACH THU HUT FDI CUA VIET NAM TREN CO SO BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CUA TRUNG QUOC 58 3.1 Khai quat qua trinh phat trien Luat DTNN cua Vi|t Nam 58 3.2 Khai quat qua trinh doi moi va dieu chinh cac chinh sach FDI cu the cua Vi?t Nam 61 3.2.1 Quy dinh ve dam bao dautu 61 3.2.2 Quy dinh ve cac hinh thuc dau tu 63 3.2.3 Quy dinh ve da dang hoa chu dau tu 67 3.2.4 Quy dinh ve linh vuc dau tu 68 3.2.5 Quy dinh ve thu tuc dau tu 69 3.2.6 Chinh sach uu dai thue 71 3.2.7 Chinh sach dat dai 74 3.2.8 Chinh sach lao dong 75 3.3 Nhirng diem tiroug dong va khac biet gifra Vi£t Nam va Trung Quoc 76 3.3.1 Nhirng diem tuung dong 76 3.3.2 Nhirng diem khac biet 77 3.4 Cac giai phap chu yeu 77 3.4.1 Dinh huung doi mod va dieu chinh chinh sach FDI cua Viet Nam 77 3.4.2 Giai phap doi moi va dieu chinh chinh sach FDI cu the cua Viet Nam 78 KET LUAN 86 DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 88 DANH MVC CAC CHC VIET TAT Tir viet tat AIA ASEAN Investment Area ASEAN Association of South-East Tir day du tieng Anh Tir day du tieng Viet Khu vuc dau tu ASEAN - Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A Asian Nations BOT Build - Operate - Transfer Xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao BT Build - Transfer Xay dung - chuyen giao BTO Build - Transfer - Operate Xay dung - chuyen giao - kinh doanh DTNN Dau tu nude ngoai EU European Union Lien minh Chau Au FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai a r NDT Dong Nhan dan te ND-CP Nghi dinh - Chinh phu QD-TTg Quyet dinh - Thu tudng R&D Research and Development Nghien cuu va phat trien SEZs Special Economic Zones Dac khu kinh te TNCs Transnational Corperations Cong ty xuyen quoc gia TRIMs Trade-Related Investment Hiep dinh ve cac bien phap dau tu lien Treasures quan den thuomg mai USD United States Dollar Dong ddla My VAT Value Added Tax Thue gia tri gia tang WTO World Trade Organization To chuc Thuong mai The gidi XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia l[ JJ TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN v>Y'* y - tran thi huyen trang ■ r a quyen su dung dat giua nguoi nudc ngoai va nudc da ton tai su bat binh dang Ve quyen the chap, bao lanh quyen su dung dat: Phap lenh nam 1994 chi cho phep ngudi nudc ngoai duoc the chap gia tri quyen su dung dat gan lien vdi tai san thuoc sd huu cua minh da dau tu xay dung tren dat tai ngan hang Viet Nam thdi han thue dat Pham vi the chap khong duoc phep thuc hien d cac to chuc tin dung Viet Nam Luat Dat dai nam 2003 cd nhieu uu dai vdi cac chu DTNN, nhat la cac doanh r r nghiep su dung dat khu cong nghiep, khu cong nghe cao, khu kinh te, cu the r r e nhu duoc quyen chuyen nhuong quyen su dung dat thue, dat thue lai va tai san dung dat thue, dat thue lai tai cac to chuc tin dung hoat dong d Viet Nam; duoc gop von bang quyen su dung dat thue, dat thue lai de hop tac lien doanh vdi to chuc, ca nhan nudc ngoai thdi han thue dat, thue lai dat 3.2.8 Chinh sach lao dong Doi vdi viec tuyen dung va quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, Nghi dinh so 105/ND-CP nam 2003 quy dinh chi tiet va hudng din thi hanh mot so dieu cua Bo luat Lao dong, quy dinh: doanh nghiep thuoc cac phan kinh ngoai nhan thau; cac to chuc kinh doanh, dich vu thuoc co quan hanh chinh Nha nudc; cac to chuc, doan the, cac van phong dai dien, don vi su nghiep deu duoc phep tuyen dung lao dong nudc ngoai Tuy nhien nhung ddi tuong su dung lao dong la doanh nghiep chi duoc tuyen lao dong nudc ngoai khong qua 3% so vdi lao dong hien cd cua doanh nghiep va khong duoc qua 50 ngudi Tom lai, hon 23 nam qua, chinh sach FDI cua Viet Nam da duoc dieu chinh nhieu lan va duoc the che hoa bang Luat, Nghi dinh va cac van ban dudi luat khac Vdi muc tieu lam cho mdi trudng phap ly duoc minh bach va thong thoang hon, nham tang cudng thu hut va su dung hieu qua nguon von FDI, tir quy trinh hoach dinh den noi dung chinh sach da duoc dieu chinh theo hudng gan vdi thong 76 r r a a az le quoc te, dam bao quyen loi cua nha dau tu va dinh huong thu hut nguon von theo chien luoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Viet Nam Tuy nhien, hoat dong dieu chinh chinh sach FDI qua cac giai doan co dat duqc muc tieu Chinh phu de hay khong, dac biet tien trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te toan dien, thai gian tdi can r z a tiep tuc co sir dieu chinh chinh sach FDI nhu the nao - dieu ddi hoi can co su kiem dinh lai hieu qua thuc thi va dieu chinh chinh sach Day la khau quan A Z A A nham rut kinh nghiem, ddng thdi phat hien van de mdi sinh de co the xay dung va dieu chinh, doi mdi chinh sach kip thdi X X ZA A A ZA 3.3 Nhirng diem tuong dong va khac biet gifi-a Viet Nam va Trung Quoc •7 A 3.3.1 Nhirng diem twang ddng Thu nhat, ca hai qudc gia Viet Nam va Trung Qudc deu co xuat phat diem hoa tap trung quan lieu bao cap sang nen kinh te thi trudng co sir quan ly vi md cua Nha nudc Nen kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung vdi nhung dac trung cua che dun sd huu - mot che sd huu nhat, ke hoach hoa mang tinh cudng che true tiep, chi huy va tap trung cao do, bao cap doanh nghiep Nha nudc, quan ly hanh chinh toan dien, che bao cap tir tren xuong dudi, thi trudng khong duoc phat trien mot each tir nhien ma bi kim ham, bop meo Phuong thuc ke hoach hoa tap trung menh lenh khong phat huy duqc tinh tu chu, nang dong, sang tao va tiem nang phat trien cua nen kinh te Chinh vi vay, viec chuyen ddi sang nen kinh te thi trudng A A co sir quan ly cua Nha nudc vdi nhieu hinh thuc sd huu, da dang hoa cac phan kinh te, thuc hien cd phan hoa doanh nghiep Nha nudc, phat trien kinh te tu nhan Z A Z Z thuc sir la budc ngoat ddi vdi nen kinh te Viet Nam va Trung Qudc Z Z A AZ Thu hai, ca hai qudc gia Viet Nam va Trung Qudc deu xay dung nen kinh te thi trudng mang tinh chat xa hoi chu nghia chu khong phai tu ban chu nghia Nen kinh te chuyen ddi Dang Cong san lanh dao, Nha nudc dang tung budc , A A ' chuyen sang Nha nudc phap quyen Ca hai nudc deu su dung cac cong cu de dieu tiet cac nguon luc, coi su quan ly cua Nha nudc nham dat duqc nhung hieu qua kinh te xa hoi nhat dinh 77 3.3.2 Nhfrng diem khac biet Trung Quoc co nhung cai cach manh me hon so voi Viet Nam Chinh phu yr ' Trung Quoc da co nhung can thiep, dieu chinh quan ly rat kip thai, bai ban va co lo trinh ro rang va hieu qua do Trung Quoc da dat dugc nhung tuu to lon Trung Quoc da tro nuoc tiep nhan von FDI lon thu hai the gioi sau My va lon nhat so cac nuoc dang phat trien The gioi da phai thot len rang: “Trung Quoc tro cong xuong cua the gioi”; “Trung Quoc la mot nen kinh te moi noi” Viet Nam thuc hien cong cuoc cai cach mo cua sau Trung Quoc gan mudi nam va da co nhung dieu chinh phu hgp voi tinh hinh thuc tien nuoc va thong le quoc te Tuy nhien, nhung dieu chinh chinh sach van chua that su theo quy yr r ~ trinh, dan den tinh trang khong it chinh sach bi chong cheo, bat cap, mau thuan va kho trien khai thuc tien Mat khac, qua trinh hoach dinh chinh sach bi khep kin, it co su tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep va cac nhom tu van chinh sach Mac du co nhung diem tuong dong nhat dinh nhung moi nuoc deu co mo hinh phat trien kinh te rieng nen moi giai doan deu co nhung lo trinh khac phu hgp voi tung quoc gia 3.4 Cac giai phap chu yeu du mod va dieu 3.4.1 Dinh sach FDI cua Viet Nam Viec doi moi va dieu chinh chinh sach FDI thai- gian toi can phai quan tam den rat nhieu yeu to nhu: boi canh quoc te sau khung hoang kinh te the gioi, vi yr tri moi cua FDI nen kinh te Viet Nam, nhung uu tien phat trien nganh, cac chinh sach bO trg thu hut FDI, doi moi va dieu chinh chien lugc dau tu cua cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia, doi moi va dieu chinh chinh sach kinh te vi mo o cac nuoc dau tu chu yeu vao Viet Nam r r r y Cuoc khung hoang kinh te toan cau dang gay anh huong rat lon den dong thai, xu huong cua dong von FDI tren toan the gioi Sau khung hoang, cac nuoc tren r •> y r r •> the gioi se co nhung thay doi manh me ve chinh sach, co cau kinh te, phan bo cac a r •> y nguon luc, nhat la phan bo thi trubng tai chinh, luc lugng lao dong, dong thdi tuong quan luc lugng va quan he kinh te giua cac nuoc cung se thay doi theo Vi vay, xu 78 huong cua cac luong von dau tu va sir lira chon cua cac nha dau tu chac se co nhung thay doi ldn Dinh hudng dieu chinh chinh sach FDI thdi gian tdi can chu xac dinh lai vi tri cua FDI nen kinh te, coi FDI la chia khoa chu dao de dua kinh te Viet Nam tien len hien dai hoa Mac du gan 24 nam qua FDI da cd nhung dong gop tich cue cho sir tang trudng va phat trien kinh te cua Viet Nam, song nhung dong gop mdi chi th£ hien chu yeu d mat luqng (tang von cho nen kinh te, tao viec lam ) ma chua the hien ro ret ve mat chat (chuyen giao cong nghe, nang cao ky nang ngudi lao dong, dua nen kinh te tien tdi trinh hien dai hon ) De thuc hien muc tieu do, dinh hudng dieu chinh chinh sach FDI, ben canh viec nang cao ve luqng, Viet Nam rat can nhung nguon von cd chat luqng hon, hudng FDI vao cac linh vuc kinh doanh mdi dap ung va goi md nhu cau thi trudng quoc te, tap trung cao vao mot so linh vuc chon loc, dac biet tir choi nhirng du an FDI gay r \ ~ r mat an ninh quoc phong va nang luqng, nhiem mdi trudng va can kiet nguon tai nguyen thien nhien Ben canh viec cai thien ve he thong phap ly, nen hanh chinh, dich vu cong phu hop vdi the che kinh te thi trudng, phu hop vdi cac chuan myc va - ngan hang minh bach, cai each thuong mai, phat trien he thong doanh nghiep, cong nghiep phu trq Do do, Viet Nam can phai gap rut dao tao nguon nhan luc hieu qua 3.4.2 Giaiphap ddi mdi va dieu chinh chinh sach FDI cu the cua Viet Nam 3.4.2.1 Chinh sach khuyen khich thu hut dau tu cua cong dong Viet kieu tren the gidi Vdi nhung net tuong dong ve van hoa cung nhu vdi so luqng hon trieu •> r \ r \ r Viet kieu tren the gidi, Chinh phu Viet Nam cd the khai thac tot duqc nguon von, kinh nghiem va quan he tir Viet kieu cung nhu khai thac tot vi tri ben canh Trung Quoc de thu hut nhieu hon nua FDI Ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai la mot luc a \ r a r f luqng tiem nang ca ve von va tri thuc Dieu quan nhat de thu hut doi ngu 79 la viec xay dung long tin ve dinh hudng phat trien va cac bien phap thuc hien Cac dieu kien ma kieu bao Viet Nam mong muon tu Chinh phu Viet Nam la nang cao toan dien chat luong giao duc va dao tao, gan ket chat che giua tri thuc nudc va nudc ngoai, giup kieu bao giu gin ban sac dan toc, giup dd day tieng Viet cho r x r chau ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, tao lap co che doi thoai cdi md, cau thi giua Chinh phu va kieu bao Chang han, Chinh phu nen mien thi thuc nhap canh cho Viet kieu d nhung lan ve Viet Nam (ke tu lan thu hai trd di); Chinh phu cung nen tap trung nang cao chat luong giao duc nudc de tao long tin doi vdi nen dao tao nudc (ke ca trinh tieng Viet), khac phuc tinh trang “thua thay, thieu tho”, dong thdi phai su dung ngudi vao dung vi tri can thiet viec ung dung khoa hoc ky thuat, dac biet la khoa hoc ky thuat nong nghiep 3.4.2.2 Chinh sach xuc tien dau tu Viec xay dung hinh anh Viet Nam trd mot diem den hap dan doi vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai da trd mot yeu cau cap bach cuoc canh tranh r x •> thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai ca vdi cac nudc khoi ASEAN Be tao cong cu r r x x manh va hieu qua cho mot chien luoc xuc tien dau tu toan dien, Viet Nam can lap mot to chuc xuc tien dau tu chuyen trach cap quoc gia, co trach nhiem thuc hien cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu nham nang cao hinh anh cua Viet Nam va giam sat cac hoat dong xuc tien cua cac dia phuong, nang cao chat luong cua hoat dong xuc tien dau tu, xac dinh cac tam cho xuc tien dau tu duoc coi la bien phap tot, co ' ' ' ■ hieu qua cai thien hinh anh Viet Nam va ket qua thu hut von dau tu nudc ngoai Be tang cudng cong tac van dong va xuc tien dau tu d nudc ngoai, cac cap, x r r x nganh va don vi lien quan can tap trung vao mot so van de sau: + Can cu vao quy hoach va danh muc du an keu goi von BTNN ma Chinh phu da phe duyet, cac Bo, nganh, dia phuong phai lap ke hoach chuong trinh xuc tien dau tu hang nam cho tung linh vuc, dia ban, doi tac cu the; to chuc cac doan di X X •» e van dong dau tu d nudc ngoai dong thdi to chuc cac cuoc hoi thao, doi ngoai vdi nha dau tu va trao doi kinh nghiem xuc tien van dong dau tu 80 + Thuc day manh viec van dong xuc tien dau tu hudng vao cac thi truong diem, cac doi tac co tiem luc ve cong nghe, tai chinh nhu Nhat Ban, EU, My, Dai Loan, Han Quoc + Keu goi va xuc tien dau tu d cac dia ban va ngoai nudc dong thoi gan ket vdi hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai, du lich va cac hoat dong ngoai giao khac 3.4.2.3 Hoan thien he thong luat phap, chinh sach theo hudng dong bo, minh bach va phu hop vdi thong le quoc te Cho den nay, Viet Nam da trai qua nam lan sua ddi Luat DTNN, la vao vao cac nam 1990,1992,1996, 2000, 2005 Nhung lan sua doi nhin chung da r y r r y nhan duoc su hoan nghenh, ung ho cua cong dong quoc te, khien moi truong dau tu trd nen thong thoang hon va phu hop vdi thong le quoc te hon Tuy nhien, nhieu lan sua doi cung lam cho chinh sach FDI cua Viet Nam trd nen khong on dinh, khien cac nha dau tu khong yen tam dau tu vao Viet Nam Trong thoi gian tdi, Viet Nam can phai tiep tuc sua doi Luat Dau tu de theo kip tinh hinh nudc va quoc te theo hudng sau: - Thu nhat, viec hoan thien Luat Dau tu va cac Nghi dinh hudng dan ban hanh kem theo can phai thuc hien d cung mot thoi diem, de tranh tinh trang Luat co hieu luc nhung chua co van ban hudng dan thi hanh De khac phuc viec ban hanh qua nhieu van ban hudng dan thi hanh, Luat Dau tu can phai co nhung dieu khoan chi tiet, cu the va ro rang hon, tranh tinh trang ban hanh qua nhieu van ban, Nghi dinh hudng dan thi hanh nhu hien nay, khien Luat trd nen khong minh bach, kho hieu, phuc tap thuc hien nhu hien - Thu hai, boi canh quoc te hien rat can cac quy dinh ro rang ve doi tac dau tu de phu hop vdi dieu kien, hoan canh mdi cua nen kinh te Trong thoi gian x > r y qua, Luat Dau tu cua Viet Nam chung chung ve doi tac dau tu, vay mot mat Viet Nam thu hut duoc mot khoi luong ldn FDI tu khap noi tren the gidi nhung mat khac lai vap phai tinh trang thieu cac nha dau tu chu luc, co cong nghe nguon Doi tac dau tu vao Viet Nam chu yeu la cac nudc ASEAN, NIEs, Nhat Ban, doi vdi cac nudc co cong nghe nguon khac nhu EU, Hoa Ky thi Viet Nam chua 81 co giai phap gi de thu hut FDI De khac phuc tinh trang tren, Luat can thiet ke nhung uu dai cu the rieng biet de thu hut cac nha dau tu chien luoc tu cac doi tac lon, cac cong ty da quoc gia, co tiem nang lon ve cong nghe va thi truong Mat khac, Viet Nam can co cac quy dinh ro rang ve phap ly de ngan chan nhung luong z y z von dau tu khong mong muon, tranh tinh trang Viet Nam tro bai rac thai cong nghiep tiep nhan nguon von DTNN Khong thu hut dau tu vao nhung vung dang co dieu kien tham canh, co nang suat, chat luong va hieu qua cao nham han che thap nhat nhung bat on ve mat xa hoi - Thu ba, Luat can co nhung quy dinh phu hop hon ve co cau vung dau tu Cho den nay, quy hoach vung cua Viet Nam chu yeu van xoay quanh ba vung kinh z r \ r te diem voi cac co cau dau tu giong nhau, khong mang tinh dac trung cua tung vung, do kho phat huy loi the cua tung vung, dan den tinh trang dau tu tran lan, mo rong ve mat so luong dau tu nhung khong nang cao duoc chat luong von dau tu Vi vay, Viet Nam can phai co mot quy hoach vung tong the gan ket voi quy hoach phat trien cac nganh, co tinh toan den cac yeu to dan cu, dat dai, vi tri dia ly nuoc va khu vuc, moi truong tu nhien, boi canh moi cua su canh tranh va hoi nhap quoc te A Z z - Thu tu, can ban hanh cac quy che quan ly chat che viec nhap khau thiet bi, co che giam dinh ky thuat va cong nghe, tham dinh gia ca thiet bi nhap khau, kiem soat chat che cac hoat dong xuat nhap khau va gan voi trach nhiem, quyen han cua Z cac co quan quan ly Nha nuoc linh vuc nham han che viec nhap khau cac thiet bi cu, lac hau cac du an FDI - Thu nam, can don gian hoa cac thu tuc dau tu Theo danh gia cua cac nha DTNN, tro ngai lon nhat doi voi cac nha dau tu la thu tuc hanh chinh phuc tap khien cac nha DTNN muon roi bo Viet Nam de dau tu vao nuoc khac De luat phap thong thoang, minh bach va co du hieu luc phap ly, truoc het Chinh phu can phai soat lai tat ca cac van ban luat phap co lien quan den FDI Dong thoi, can phai thuc hien co che giao dich thuc su mot cua, dac biet la lap co che giao dich 82 toan dien tu se tranh duoc tinh trang qua tai ve giay to, giup tiet kiem thdi gian, chi phi va han che duoc te nan quan lieu, tham nhung 3.4.2.4 Chinh sach phat tii^n Khoa hoc cong nghe Viet Nam can co cac quy dinh ro rang ve cong nghe su dung doi vdi cac du an dau tu va viec ban hanh cac chinh sach khuyen khich, thu hut cong nghe cao, hien dai Cac chinh sach khuyen khich chuyen giao cong nghe hien cua Viet Nam mang tinh ap dat, khong che, Nha nudc can thiep qua sau vao noi dung hop dong chuyen giao cong nghe Vi vay, Nha nudc can xay dung cac can cu phap ly thuan loi cho viec chuyen giao cong nghe, dua cac bien phap khuyen khich cu the cho cac nha DTNN chuyen giao cong nghe vao Viet Nam Trong bai phat bieu tai hoi nghi tong ket 20 nam dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam vao thang 1/2008 Bo trudng Bo Khoa hoc cong nghe cho rang: “Dau tu nudc ngoai la mot kenh quan trong chuyen giao cong nghe tu nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam va la dudng ngan nhat de doi mdi cong nghe” Tai Viet Nam, Nha nudc can dong vai tro la ngudi dan dat, tao dudng nham dua cac quy dinh va dam bao viec thuc hien cac quy dinh ve moi trudng Ben canh do, Nha nudc can ho tro cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam viec chuyen giao cac cong nghe thich hop bang viec cung cap thong tin, ho tro dao tao, tao dieu kien tiep can cac nguon tai tro Vi vay, de co the thu hut cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai dau tu vao linh vuc cong nghe cao thi Nha nudc can phai co nhung chinh sach uu dai ve tai chinh va dau tu phat trien co sd tang nham r > •> r r r khuyen khich cac nha dau tu nhu mien thue nhap khau, thue gia tri gia tang doi vdi may moc, thiet bi duoc su dung de nghien cuu, phat trien san pham mdi; cho cac nha dau tu vay vdi lai suat thap, thdi gian dai doi vdi cac du an nghien cuu phat trien cong nghe mdi; xay dung va phat trien cac khu cong nghe cao nham tao tang tot thu hut cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai chuyen sau ve nghien cuu va phat trien cong nghe Ngoai ra, Chinh phu can ban hanh cac chinh sach dau tu xay dung co sd tang cho cac phong nghien cuu khoa hoc, cong nghe d cac trudng Dai hoc, A cac Trung tam nghien cuu khoa hoc cong nghe de tu thu hut duoc cac Quy dau tu mao hiem nudc ngoai tham gia dau tu 83 3.4.2.5 Chinh sach dao tao phat trien nguon nhan luc sinh cac doanh nghiep co von DTNN thi viec dao tao, tai dao tao, nang cao chat luong dao tao, gan ket chat che giua doanh nghiep vui cac co sd dao tao can duoc thuc hien Thuc te dang xay d cac doanh nghiep FDI la thieu doi ngu lao dong ky nang va ban ky nang xa hoi van dang du thtra lao dong la thieu su lien ket giua doanh nghiep vui cac cu su dao tao Vi vay, de nang cao chat luung can bo va lao dong cho cac doanh nghiep co von DTNN can: + Dac biet chu cong tac dao tao nang cao pham chat chinh tri, dao due, nang luc chuyen mon cua doi ngu cong chuc Nha nuuc cac cap, doi ngu can bo Viet Nam cac doanh nghiep co von DTNN + T6 chuc dao tao theo nhieu hinh thuc doi vui can bo lam cong tac DTNN, r can bo quan ly cac doanh nghiep co von DTNN, to chuc thuung xuyen tap huan can t ' bo Viet Nam dang lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep lien doanh, trang bi kien thuc ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu, luat phap va kinh nghiem can thiet + To chuc dao tao cong nhan lanh nghe lam viec cho cac doanh nghiep co von DTNN theo cac chuung trinh phu hup vui nhu cau cua doanh nghiep Nhu do, r , L khac phuc tinh trang phu thuoc vao cong nghe va tinh trang ap dao cua ngoai quoc nen kinh te, nhat la du an dau tu trung va dai han + Xuc tien hoan thien cac loai van ban quy dinh ap dung doi vui ngudi lao dong cac doanh nghiep cd von DTNN, nhat la quy dinh ve tuyen dung, lua chon lao dong, cac van ban xu ly tranh chap ve lao dong, tien luung, thu nhap 3.4.2.6 Chinh sach dat dai Chinh sach dat dai can phai hoan thien theo huung cho cac doanh nghiep quy dinh ve viec ngudi nudc ngoai duoc phep mua nha d Viet Nam, quy dinh ro muc boi thudng cho tung khu vuc de viec giai phong mat bang duoc thuc hien nhanh chong Theo Dieu 17 khoan Nghi dinh 108/ND-CP cho phep nha dau tu 84 dung dupe phep hoat dong tai Viet Nam de vay von De co the trien khai duoc can phai tiep tuc hoan thien he thong co che, chinh sach lien quan den linh vuc dat dai doi vdi cac du an co von dau tu nudc ngoai, dac biet la viec tiep tuc nghien cuu, ban hanh cac van ban dudi luat nham cu the hoa cac quyen cua nha dau tu nudc ngoai \ r \ \ •> \ r r tai Viet Nam ve dat dai la quyen chuyen nhuong, quyen cho thue va quyen the chap Nhanh chong dua quy hoach dat dai phuc vu cho dau tu nudc ngoai trudc het la r r r quy hoach danh cho cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat va cac vung kinh te dong luc nham tao dung niem tin va su an tam dau tu, dac biet la ddi vdi cac du an ldn, mang tam quoc gia, dong thdi phai phat huy nang luc cua cac co quan hoach dinh chinh sach ve dat dai nhu Quoc hoi, Chinh phu viec xay dung cac dao luat, chinh sach, quy dinh vd dat dai ap dung ddi vdi hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai Vi vay, cac chinh sach ve dat dai can phai duoc trinh bay ro rang, cu the on dinh dac biet la phai dam bao nguyen tac dat dai thuoc sd huu toan dan va Nha nudc la ngudi chu sd huu nhat * * * 85 TIEU KET CHUONG Han 20 nam qua, chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam da duoc dieu chinh nhieu lan nham tao dung mdi trudng dau tu hap dan, thong thoang co the canh tranh vdi cac nudc khac khu vuc Trong thdi gian qua, FDI ’ vao Viet Nam da cd nhung ddng gop dang ke cho su tang trudng va phat trien cua nen kinh te Viet Nam mdi trudng thuan loi ben ngoai mang lai cung nhu qua trinh doi mdi, dieu chinh chinh sach phu hop han cua Chinh phu Viet Nam Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung ket qua tich cue da dat duoc han 20 nam qua, viec dieu chinh chinh sach FDI cung gay he luy khien cac nha DTNN bi dong va phai chay dua de theo kip chinh sach Song dieu dang quan tarn han ca la dieu chinh lien tuc, nhung khong ddng bo va thieu tinh chu dong nen cac chinh sach, quy dinh, luat le cua Viet Nam trd nen cong kenh, kern hieu qua da khien cho r r dong von FDI doi chay vao khong nhu mong muon De thu hut duoc nguon von DTNN mot each hop ly va cd hieu qua thi thdi gian tdi Viet Nam can phai cai thien co sd tang, dan gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinh, nang cao chat luong nguon lao dong, ddng thdi thuc hien cai each he z r r t z thong cac chinh sach thue, chinh sach xuat nhap khau tren co sd ke thira nhung A Z A A kinh nghiem cua Trung Qudc - mot nudc lang gieng cd nhieu diem tuong ddng so vdi Viet Nam * * * 86 KET LUAN r \ r Trong thoi gian qua, dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai dong mot vai trd het sue quan doi vdi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nen kinh te Viet Nam, dac biet la sau Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, Viet Nam thu hut duqc 839 du an FDI vdi tong von dang ky mdi va tang them la 21,48 ti USD vao nam 2009 Den nay, khu vuc co von dau tu nudc ngoai duqc cong nhan la mot bo phan cau cua \ r r \ nen kinh te vdi dong gop vao GDP cang tang Ngoai ra, khu vuc co von dau tu A A nudc ngoai tao them viec lam, gop phan tang kim ngach xuat khau va chuyen doi co cau kinh te nudc va dong gop cho Ngan sach Nha nudc Vi vay, cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai biet den Viet Nam nhu mot diem den mdi, an toan va day hua hen Mac du da dat duqc nhung ket qua nhat dinh, nhieu y kien cho rang Viet Nam van chua tan dung tdi uu cac ca hoi thu hut FDI va chua tdi da duqc lqi ich ma dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai co the mang lai Co sd dan den cac nhan xet tren la dien bien bat thudng ve dong von FDI chay vao Viet Nam, ty le FDI thuc hien A A A A so vdi von dang ky thap, tap trung FDI chi mot sd nganh vung, phan ldn cac du an FDI co quy md nhd, cong nghe su dung thap Thuc trang cung vdi ap A A A A luc canh tranh cang gay gat ve thu hut FDI da dat yeu cau Viet Nam can A A A phai nghien cuu cac chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua cac quoc gia khac de tu rut bai hoc kinh nghiem cho chinh minh, dac biet la Trung Quoc Trong nhung nam gan day, Trung Quoc la mot nhirng quoc gia di dau A A A A thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai khu vuc va tren the gidi Trung Quoc da dat duqc nhung cong chinh sach xay dung cac dac khu kinh te, md cua c ac vung ven bien, tien den md cua cac vung ven song, ven bien gidi va moi vimg A A A noi dia, cung vdi cac chinh sach uu dai ve thue da thu hut duqc khdi luqng ldn kieu bao dau tu vao nudc Vdi dieu kien la mot nudc di trudc thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, nhung kinh nghiem tich luy duqc cua Trung Quoc la nhung bai hoc quy bau va la mot nhung co sd quan tao nen tang nhan 87 thuc va phucmg phap luan de phan tich va luan giai nhung chinh sach thu hut FDI cua Trung Quoc qua cac giai doan tren cor sd xem xet nhung diem tuong dong va khac biet giua hai quoc gia Qua nghien cuu, phan tich thuc trang chinh sach thu hut FDI cua Trung Quoc de dua nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam la mot de tai co y nghia thuc tien rat ldn, nham phuc vu co hieu qua cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc vi muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan chu, van minh * 88 DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO r Duong Hoang Anh (2007), Nhimg bdi hoc kinh nghiem tit cai each kinh te d Trung Qudc, Nxb Tong horp TPHCM Le Xuan Ba, Nguyen Thi Tue Anh (2006), Tac dong cua dau tu- true tiep nudc ngoai tdi tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam, Dir an SIDA-CIEM ve “Nang cao nang lire nghien cuu chinh sach de thuc hien chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua Viet Nam thcri ky 2001-2010” Nguyen Kim Bao (2001), Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai d Trung Qudc tu nam 1979 den nay, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi Nguyen Kim Bao (2004), Dieu chinh mot sd chinh sach kinh te d Trung Qudc, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (2004), Kinh te Qudc te, Nxb Lao dong Xa hoi, Ha Noi Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (2006), Nhung van de kinh te xa hoi sinh hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai - kinh nghiem Trung Qudc va thuc tien Viet Nam, Nxb Lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi CIEM & UNDP (2004a), Chinh sach phat trien kinh te - kinh nghiem va bdi hoc d Trung Qudc, tap 1, Nxb Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi CIEM & UNDP (2004b), Chinh sach phat trien kinh te - kinh nghiem va bdi hoc d Trung Qudc, tap 2, NxB Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi Nguyen Tien Coi (2007), Chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Malaysia qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te qudc te - thuc trang, kinh nghiem va kha nang van dung vao Viet Nam, Luan an Tien sy kinh te Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 10 Dai su quan Trung Quoc (2010), “Ba muori nam phat trien cua nen kinh te Trung Qudc ”, Bai phat bieu cua Chu tich nuoc Ho Cam Dao 89 > r 11 Ngo Thu Ha (2009), Chinh sach thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai vao Trung Quoc va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam, Luan an Tien sy kinh te Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 12 Nguyen Van Hong (2008), Trung Qudc cai each md cua nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem, NXB The gidi 13 Do Thu Huong (2008), Thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te qudc te cua Trung Qudc thdi ky 1978-2003 - Thuc trang va bai r r r r hoc kinh nghiem vdi Viet Nam, Luan an Tien sy kinh te Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 14 Tap chi Nghien cuu Trung Qudc 15 Tap chi Kinh te va Phat trien 16 Tap chi Kinh te va Du bao 17 Mot so website: - http:// www.unctad org - http:// www.fdi.gov.cn - http:// www.fia.mpi.gov.vn