Kinh nghiệm thu hút vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài của một số nước asean và vận dụng vào việt nam

TR JONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN SO£oOg8G8 DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THUV/Zn PHONG LUANAN- TU LI ? U PHAM THIHIEN • • KINH NGHIEM THU HUT VON DAU TITTRUC TIEP NUUC NGOAI CUA MOT SO NUUC ASEAN VA VAN DUNG VAO VIET NAM ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE THE GIOI VA QUAN HE KINH TE QUOC TE (KINH TE DOI NGOAI) LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TfS • • Ng ifdi hitdng dan khoa hoc: GS.TS d6 D0C BINH HA A'OI, • AA’I 2011 'fcT- L()I CAM 0N De hoan chuang tr'inh cao hoc va viet luan van nay, toi da nhan duac su hucrng dan, giup da va gop y nhiet tinh cua quy thay cd tricang Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc Dan Trude het, toi xin chan cam an den Quy thay cd tricang Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc Dan, dac biet la nhung thay cd da tan tinh day bao va hudng dan cho toi suot thai gian hoc tap tai tricang r r r r ~ Toi xin gui lai biet an sau sac den Giao sir - Tien si Dd Dire Blnh da danh rat nhieu thai gian va tarn huyet hicang dan nghien cuu va giup toi hoan luan van Nhan day, toi xin chan cam an Ban Giam hieu tricang Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc Dan, Vien Dao tao Sau Dai hoc cung Q uy thay cd Khoa Thicang mai va Kinh te Qudc te da tao dieu kien de toi hoc tap va hoan tot khoa hoc r a Dong thai, toi xin gui lai cam an den Ban can sic lap Cao hoc 18F, ban be va gia dinh da giup da toi suot khoa hoc va hoan luan van tot nghiep \ r r yr Mac du da cd nhieu cd gang de hoan thien luan van bang tat cd sic nhiet tinh va nang luc cua minh, nhien khong the tranh khoi nhung thieu sot, toi rat mong nhan duac nhung dong gop quy bau cua Quy thay cd va cac ban LO’I CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan: Ban luan van tot nghiep la cdng trinh nghien cuu thuc su cua ca nhan, duoc thuc hien tren co so nghien cuu ly thuyet, kien thurc kinh dien, nghien cuu khao sat tinh hinh thuc tien va dudi su hudng dan khoa hoc cua: Giao sir - Tien si Do Dire Binh Cac so lieu va nhtrng ket qua luan van la trung thuc, cac ket luan dua ra xuat phat t£r thuc tien va kinh nghiem, chua tung duoc cong bo dudi bat ky mot cong trinh nao Neu sai toi xin hoan toan chiu trach nhiem Mot Ian nua, toi xin khang cHnh ve su trung thuc cua lai cam ket tren MUC LUC • • LOI CAM ON LCH CAM DOAN BANG CAC THUAT NGU* VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO DAU CHITONG 1: THU HUT FDI VAO MOT SO NUOC ASEAN VA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM RUT RA CHO VIET NAM 1.1 Tac dong cua FDI doi voi phat trien kinh te cua mot so niroc ASEAN 1.1.1 Tac dong tich cue 1.1.2 Tac dong tieu cue .5 1.2 Thu hut FDI vao mot so nude ASEAN 1.2.1 Thu hut FDI vao Malaysia 1.2.2 Thu hut FDI vao Thai Lan 21 1.3 Bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI cua mot so nude ASEAN 26 1.3.1 Co chien luge thu hut FDI bai ban 26 1.3.2 Xay dung moi trubng dau tu mang tinh canh tranh de thu hut FDI 27 1.3.3 Day manh hoat dong xue tien dau tu de thu hut FDI 29 1.3.4 Day manh cai each hanh chinh tao thuan lgi cho thu hut FDI 30 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG THU HUT FDI CUA VIET NAM DUCH GIAC DO KINH NGHIEM CUA MOT SO NIOC ASEAN 32 2.1 Diem tuong dong va khac biet giira Viet Nam va mot so nude ASEAN 32 2.1.1 Nhung diem tuong dong 32 2.1.2 Nhung diem khac biet 36 2.2 Tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao Viet Nam 40 2.2.1 Ve lugng von dau tu: .40 2.2.2 Ve co cau von FDI 42 2.3 Mot so chinh sach, bien phap Viet Nam da ap dung de thu hut FDI 45 2.3.1 Xay dung va hoan thien he thong phap luat ve dau tu 45 2.3.2 Chinh sach uu dai ve thue 47 W- 2.3.3 Chinh sach tien te 48 2.3.4 Chinh sach xuat nhap khau 48 2.3.5 Chinh sach md rong tu hoa dau tu 49 2.3.6 Chinh sach ve hinh thuc dau tu 50 2.3.7 Chinh sach dat dai 50 2.3.8 Chinh sach lao dong va tien luang 51 2.3.9 Doi mdi quan ly nha nude doi vdi FDI 51 2.4 Danh gia chung uu, nhugc diem thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam 52 2.4.1 Uu diem 52 2.4.2 Nhuqc diem 55 CHUONG 3: DINH HUONG VA GIAI PHAP THU HUT FDI CUA VIET NAM TREN CO SO AP DUNG KINH NGHIEM CUA MOT SO NUOC ASEAN 62 3.1 Co1 hoi va thach thuc cua Viet Nam so voi mot so nude khac ASEAN 62 3.1.1 Ca hoi 63 3.1.2 Thach thuc 3.2 63 Dinh hudng thu hut FDI vao Viet Nam 65 3.2.1 Thu hut FDI phai vua dam bao yeu cau phat trien cua Viet Nam, vira dam bao lai ich cho cac nha dau tu 65 3.2.2 Thu hut FDI phai gan vdi phat trien ben vung 66 3.3 Giai phap nham tang cudng thu hut FDI vao Viet Nam 71 3.3.1 Xay dung chien luge, quy hoach tong the ve thu hut FDI 71 3.3.2 Bo sung hoan thien he thong phap luat, chinh sach 75 3.3.3 Cai thien chat luang nguon lao dong 77 3.3.4 Phat trien co sd tang ddng bo, hien dai 78 3.3.5 Nang cao hieu qua hoat dong xue tien dau tu 79 3.3.6 Xay dung bo may quan ly FDI hieu qua, gon nhe 80 3.4 Dieu kien thuc hien giai phap .82 3.4.1 Ve dieu kien chu quan 82 3.4.2 Ve dieu kien khach quan 85 KET LUAN 86 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 87 MT- BANG CAC THUAT NGU' VIET TAT BANG CAC THUAT NGU* VIET TAT TIENG ANH Thuat ngu- Thuat ngu- viet day du STT viet tat Tieng Anh Tieng Viet -J 01 ADB Ngan hang phat trien Chau Asian Development Bank A 02 03 AIA 04 APEC 05 Association of Southeast Asian Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nations Nam A Asean Investment Area Khu virc dau tu ASEAN Asia - Pacific Economic Dien dan hop tac kinh te Cooperation Chau A - Thai Binh Duong ASEAN APTA Asean Free Trade Area Khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN 06 BT 07 BOT Building Transfer Xay dung - chuyen giao Xay dung - kinh doanh - Building Operate Transfer chuyen giao 08 FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 09 GDP Gross Domestic Product Tong san pham quoc noi 10 GNP Gross National Product Tong san pham quoc dan 11 IFC o 7 International Finance Cong ty tai chinh quoc te Corporation 12 IMF 13 MIDA 14 International Monetary Fund Quy tien te quoc te Malaysian Industrial Cue phat trien cong nghiep Development Authority Malaysia Multilateral Investment Co quan bao hiem dau tu da Guarantee Agency phuong MIGA 15 Vien tro phat trien chinh ODA Official Development Asistance thuc Thuat ngu- Thuat ngfr viet day du STT viet tat 16 Tieng Anh Tieng Viet Penang Skill Development Trung tarn phat trien ky Center nang Penang Ringit Malaysia Dong Ring git Malaysia Transnational Corporations Cong ty xuyen qudc gia United Nations Conference on To chuc lien hop qudc ve Trade and Development thuong mai va phat trien PSDC 17 RM 18 TNCs 19 UNCTAD 20 USD United States Dollar Do la My 21 WB World Bank Ngan hang the gidi 22 WTO World Trade Organization To chuc thuong mai the gidi BANG CAC THUAT NGU’ VIET TAT TIENG VIET • • STT Thuat ngu'viet tat Thuat ngu- viet day du 01 CNC Cong nghe cao 02 CNH Cong nghiep hoa 03 HDH Hien dai hoa 04 KCN Khu cong nghiep 05 KTQT Kinh te qudc te 06 UBND Uy ban nhan dan 07 XHCN Xa hoi chu nghTa W- DANH MUC BANG, BIEU BANG Bang 1.1: FDI vao Malaysia theo nguon von, giai doan 2000 - 2010 Bang 1.2: FDI vao Malaysia phan theo nganh kinh te (2000 - 2010) Bang 1.3: FDI vao Thai Lan theo nguon von, giai doan 2000 - 2010 22 Bang 1.4: FDI vao Thai Lan phan theo nganh kinh te (2000 - 2010) 22 Bang 2.1: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai duoc cap giay phep giai doan 1988 - 2010 40 Bang 2.2: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam tinh theo nganh Luy ke cac du an hieu lire den 31/12/2010 42 Bang 2.3: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai dupe cap giay phep phan theo vung (Luy ke cac du an cdn hieu luc den 31/12/2010) 43 Bang 2.4: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam theo hinh thuc dau tu luy ke cac du an hieu lire den 31/12/2010 44 Bang 2.5: Tinh hinh thu hut FDI theo ddi tac dau tu chinh tir nam 1988 - 2010 45 Bang 2.6: So lao dong lam viec tai thdi diem 1/7 hang nam (luy tien) phan theo cac phan kinh te 54 Bang 2.7: Dong gop cho ngan sach cua FDI so vdi cac khu vuc khac 55 Bang 2.8: Von FDI dang ky mdi nam hau WTO (2007 -2009) theo khu vuc chinh cua nen kinh te Viet Nam 58 BIEU Bieu 1.1: FDI vao Malaysia giai doan 2000 - 2010 Bieu 1.2: FDI vao Thai Lan giai doan 2000 - 2010 - 21 Bieu 2.1: FDI vao Viet Nam giai doan 2000 - 2010 .41 74 hay cong ty ve tinh cua TNCs dau tu vao Viet Nam, phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro Thong qua cac TNCs giup Viet Nam mo rong thi truong xuat khau, cung co va phat trien quan he ddi ngoai, tich cue hoi nhap KTQT + Trong boi canh tinh hinh nuoc va quoc te thuan lpi nhu hien cho phep chung ta moi goi dong bao Viet kieu tich cue dau tu ve nudc Day cung la mot nguon luc, lpi the cua Viet Nam can phai biet khai thac - Ve hinh thirc va phuong thirc dau tu- Ve co ban, nudc ta da ap dung cac hinh thuc dau tu nudc ngoai bien tren the gidi nhu hpp ddng hpp tac kinh doanh; doanh nghiep lien doanh; doanh nghiep 100% vdn nudc ngoai; lap cac khu che xuat, KCN, khu CNC Cac phuang thuc gan vdi FDI nhu BOT va cac bien dang cua nd BT, BTO khdng chi dupe ap dung ddi vdi FDI, ma dupe ap dung vdi ca cac doanh nghiep nudc Su chuyen dich giua cac hinh thuc dau tu da dupe luat phap quy dinh va thuoc tham quyen cua nha dau tu Dieu dang chu y, nam 2003 Chinh phu da chu truong tien hanh thi diem mot sd doanh nghiep FDI cd du dieu kien phat hanh cd phieu tren thi trudng nudc va the gidi Day la mot hudng tien bo can ap dung rong rai tat ca cac doanh nghiep FDI Nha nudc phai cd chien lupc thu hut FDI theo hudng phat trien ben vung, vira coi lupng vdn FDI tang len hang nam, vira coi chat lupng du an FDI bao dam phu hpp vdi dinh hudng phat trien dat nudc tung giai doan Cac Bo, nganh lien quan can phoi hpp nghien cuu bo sung, hoan thien quy hoach cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat, khu kinh te, khu kinh te cua khau, san gon, cang bien, san bay, vung kinh te diem Bac, Trung, Nam phu hpp vdi yeu cau hoi nhap WTO va luat phap hien hanh cua nudc ta Day nhanh tien bo sung, xay dung va phe duyet cac quy hoach thieu; soat dieu chinh cac quy hoach da lac hau nham tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho nha dau tu viec xac dinh va xay dung du an Thuc hien thdng nhat cac quy hoach mdi cua Luat dau tu cong tac quy hoach, dam bao viec xay dung cac quy hoach nganh, linh vuc, san pham phu hpp vdi cac cam ket WTO Hoan chinh quy hoach su 75 >■ dung dat, cong bo rong rai quy hoach, tao dieu kien de day nhanh tien giai phong mat bang cho cac du an dau tu; soat, kiem tra, dieu chinh quy hoach su dung dat mot each hieu qua, nhat la doi vdi cac dia phuong ven bien nham dam bao phat trien kinh te va mdi trudng ben vung Tien hanh tong soat, dieu chinh, phe duyet va cong bo cac quy hoach ve ket cau tang den 2020 lam co sd thu hut dau tu phat trien ket cau tang Tom lai, viec thu hut FDI can phai gan vdi hieu qua kinh te - xa hoi xet tren pham vi dia phuong, nganh, vung lanh tho va ca dat nudc Cac du an FDI phai the hien dupe tinh hieu qua cua nd d cac tieu chuan sau day: Du an dau tu phai phu hop vdi muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, phu hop vdi quy hoach chung; tao gia tri san luong hang hoa tuong ddi ldn, nhat la hang xuat khau cd chat luong, gan vdi cong nghe hien dai; tao nhieu viec lam va nang cao muc song cua ngudi lao dong; thuc day su phat trien cua nhieu nganh nghe nudc cd lien quan den du an FDI; cd dong gop nhieu cho ngan sach nha nudc va gop phan vao su tang trudng ben vung cua nen kinh te dat nudc ndi chung •7 F 3.3.2 Bo sung hoan thien he thong phap luat, chinh sach Ra soat, loai bo nhung van ban khdng phu hop Hien nudc ta dang dien qua trinh soat cac van ban phap ly lien quan den Luat dau tu, Luat doanh nghiep nam 2005 va cac cam ket vdi WTO d cac dia phuong, bo, ban, nganh Truoc yeu cau cua hoi nhap KTQT cho thay, can nhanh chong cong khai hoa cac van ban het hieu luc phap ly, dong thdi kip thdi bo sung cac van ban thay the can thiet nham han che toi da khoang va thdi gian khdng cd van ban dinh che Tiep tuc xem xet bo sung, sua ddi Luat dau tu, Luat dat dai, Luat tai nguyen, Luat mdi trudng va cac van ban cd lien quan den tai chinh, ngan hang cho phu hop Tang cudng khung hinh phat cao cho Luat mdi trudng de ran de, ngan chan tir y tuong ddi vdi nhung ngudi cd tinh vi pham Can tiep tuc thuc hien cac chinh sach uu dai ddi vdi cac nha dau tu: + Chinh sach thue Nha nudc cd the chuyen sang ap dung nhieu hon cac hinh thuc khau hao nhanh de khuyen khich thuc su cac doanh nghiep lam an cd hieu qua, 76 day manh qua trinh doi mdi cong nghe Do vay, can lua chon cac tieu chi uu dai sat vdi muc tieu can uu dai, tranh uu dai tran lan Chinh sach co tac dung dinh hudng va thu hut FDI vao cac linh vuc, nganh, dia phuong gan vdi chien luge phat trien kinh te xa hoi chung cua dat nudc + Chinh sach on dinh tien te chdng lam phat Hien van de dang trd ' /■> r a r van de thdi su ddi vdi dieu hanh va quan ly kinh te vi md nen kinh te nudc ta Viec on dinh tien te, chdng lam phat khong chi don thuan la viec dua cac chinh sach, giai phap dung cho mot thdi ky nhat dinh ma la nang luc dieu chinh chinh sach va he thong cdng cu de chung thich nghi dugc vdi nhung bien dong nhanh chdng cua tinh hinh thuc te Viet Nam can cd nhung bien phap huu hieu kiem soat va dieu chinh nhip cor cau dau tu lam cho nen kinh te khong bi qua nong, song van dam bao dugc toe tang trudng du kien; can khac phuc hien tugng md rong dau tu nhung nhung hieu qua thap, tinh trang that thoat von ldn Nhung bat cap cua mdi trudng tai chinh, tien te sdm hay muon se gay nhung nhung bat on dinh vdi nen kinh te va anh hudng true tiep den tarn ly cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai Do vay, ben canh nhung chinh sach on dinh tai chinh - tien te hien nay, can chu y xay dung, hoan thien cac quy dinh bao dam vay von, cam cd, the chap de doanh nghiep FDI co the vay von cua ngan hang va ngoai nudc Tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac doanh nghiep FDI cd du dieu kien dugc niem yet tai Trung tarn giao dich chung khoan + Chinh sach dat dai Can tiep tuc soat va xem xet lai gia cho thue dat, quy dinh mien, giam thue dat mot sd nam de tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho doanh nghiep FDI; sdm giai quyet dut diem nhung van de den bu, giai phong mat bang dang gay ach tac ddi vdi viec trien khai du an FDI d mot sd dia phuong hien Dieu can chu y la thuc hien gia den bu, giai phong mat bang hgp ly khong phan biet ddi xu vdi cac du an FDI va du an nudc de tranh day gia thue dat thuc te len cao + Ve linh vuc dau tu va hinh thuc dau tu, can cd chinh sach xu ly linh hoat de tang cuong muc tham gia cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai Viet Nam gia 77 nhap WTO, can mo rong danh muc cac du an cho phep nha dau tu nudc ngoai duoc chu dong iua chon linh vuc kinh doanh va hinh thuc dau tu xuat phat tir hieu qua san xuat, kinh doanh ngoai trir nhung linh vuc yeu cau ve an ninh quoc phdng; cho phep cac doanh nghiep lien doanh mot so trudng hop chuyen sang doanh nghiep 100% vdn nudc hoac 100% vdn nudc ngoai + Ve giai quyet van de pha san va tranh chap ddi vdi doanh nghiep FDI Tir thuc te cho thay, khdng it doanh nghiep FDI san xuat kinh doanh kem hieu qua va co nhung doanh nghiep da rod vao tinh trang pha san Nhu vay, can nghien cuu va dam bao thu tuc giai the va pha san mot each nhanh chong ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep FDI phu hop vdi thdng le quoc te ma khdng nen gay can trd ve thu tuc hanh chinh ddi vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai ve van de Ve giai quyet cac tranh chap thdi gian tdi can nghien cuu tiep tuc sua ddi Luat Khieu nai, td cao theo hudng md rong quyen khieu kien cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai toa an, ke ca ddi vdi quyet dinh hanh chinh hoac hanh vi hanh chinh cua co quan nha nudc Ngoai ra, can nghien cuu de tham gia Cong udc giai quyet tranh chap giua nha dau tu nudc ngoai vdi nudc nhan dau tu (Cong udc ISCID) nham dam bao quyen va lqi ich hop phap cua nha dau tu nudc ngoai r a 3.3.3 Cai thien chat luong ngudn lao dong Kinh nghiem cua Thai Lan va Malaysia cho thay, ngudn nhan luc cd y nghia ldn viec tao mdi trudng thu hut FDI, bdi nd khdng nhung la yeu td can thiet, yeu td dau vao cua qua trinh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, ma chat luong va co cau ngudn nhan luc co tac dong true tiep den co cau vdn dau tu De cd su lien ket vdi doanh nghiep nudc ngoai, ban than doanh nghiep nudc phai phat trien tuong xung Trong van de chat luong lao dong can duqc quan tarn Tung budc ddi mdi he thdng giao due va dao tao de phat trien ngudn nhan luc Phai xac dinh cho dung nhung ddi tuqng can duqc dao tao va dao tao lai, tranh tinh trang dao tao tran lan ma khdng biet su dung vao viec gi Day manh viec xay dung doi ngu lao dong dam bao du ve sd luqng, hqp ly ve co cau, cd chat luqng va tay nghe cao, phuc vu cho nhu cau cua ca nudc va xuat khau 78 Nang cap dau tu he thong cac trudng dao tao nghe hien co len ngang tarn khu vuc va the gidi, phat trien them cac trudng dao tao nghe va trung tarn dao tao tu cac nguon vdn khac Dong thdi, can co nhung chinh sach thu hut va nuoi dudng nhung lao dong cd trinh tay nghe, tranh tinh trang chay mau chat xam Tao thi trudng lao dong tot cho lao dong da qua dao tao de cd the tiep thu cong nghe mdi Tich cue thuc hien chu truong dua lao dong nudc ngoai hoac tap va lao dong, tham chi ca dau tu d nudc ngoai de thuc hien chuyen giao cong nghe Can dat dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep FDI vao cac vung mdi phat trien, cac vung kinh te mdi dac biet can cd muc trang bi vdn ldn, hien dai (nhu vay khdng vi pham luat doanh nghiep, nhung lai cd su lua chon) Thuc hien cac giai phap nham dua luat sua doi, bo sung mot sd dieu cua bo r r i r luat lao dong vao thuc te cuoc song de ngan ngira tinh trang dinh cong bat hop phap, lanh manh hoa quan he lao dong theo tinh than cua Bo luat Lao dong 3.3.4 Phat trien cor sdr tang dong bo, hien dai Kinh nghiem tu Malaysia va Thai Lan cho thay, co sd tang cd vai trd quan trong, nd cd the tang tinh hap dan hoac can trd tdi viec thu hut FDI nudc ta thdi gian qua, he thong co sd tang da duoc cai thien mot each dang ke, nhung van chua dap ung duoc yeu cau dat Do thdi gian tdi, can phat trien he loi cho cac nha dau tu trien khai cac du an, ma cdn la co hoi de nudc ta tang thu hut vdn nudc ngoai dau tu vao linh vuc tang, cung nhu cd the thu loi day du hon tir dong vdn nudc ngoai da thu hut duoc (thong qua tang thu nhap tir dich vu van tai, thuong mai, tai chinh, thong tin phuc vu cac du an dau tu dang va se trien khai ) Ket cau tang d nudc ta cdn lac hau, thieu dong bo la mot nhung diem yeu lam giam su hap dan thu hut dau tu Tap trung nang cap, hien dai hoa he thong giao thong van tai ca dudng bo, dudng sat, dudng thuy, dudng khdng, nang cap he thong san bay, ben cang theo hudng hien dai Phat trien he thong thong tin lien lac, buu chinh vien thong rong khap Xay dung cac nha may dien cung vdi mang ludi tai dien bao dam cung cap du nang luong cho cac khu cong nghiep, cac vung kinh te 79 diem Chu phat trien dong bo ket cau tang d cac khu kinh te, khu cong nghiep nhu kho tang ben bai, giao thong, nang luong, thong tin lien lac, he thong cap thoat nudc va xu ly chat thai Phat trien ket cau tang ddi hdi ngudn von ldn kha nang cua nen kinh te cd han Vi vay, phai tinh toan xay dung cd tarn, diem, cd budc di phu hop, ddng thdi su dung cac hinh thuc nhu cdng tu ket hop (PPP), xay dung, kinh doanh chuyen giao (BOT), Xay dung, chuyen giao (BT), cho tu nhan dau tu xay dung, kinh doanh theo co che chinh sach cua nha nudc, vay von ODA de xay dung nhung cdng trinh diem Dieu quan cua viec xay dung ket cau tang d Viet Nam la phai cd su quan ly, kiem tra giam sat va kiem dinh chat luong de chdng that thoat, bao dam chat luong cdng trinh 3.3.5 Nang cao hieu qua hoat dong xuc tien dau tu' Kinh nghiem tir Malaysia ve hoat dong xuc tien dau tu cho thay, day la bien phap quan tao nen su cdng thu hut FDI Hoat dong xuc tien dau tu cua Malaysia duoc lam thuong xuyen dudi nhieu hinh thuc da dang, phong phu va dupe thuc hien dudi nhieu cap khac tir hoat dong cua nhung ngudi dung dau chinh phu, cac co quan trung uong tdi chinh quyen cac bang va true tiep cua doanh nghiep nudc Nhung nam qua, cdng tac xuc tien dau tu cua Viet Nam da cd nhung cdng nhat dinh, nhung hieu qua xuc tien dau tu van cdn thap, chu yeu thuc hien d nudc De hoat dong xuc tien dau tu dat hieu qua cao hon nua thdi gian tdi can thuc hien mot sd noi dung sau: Tang cuong ket hop hoat dong xuc tien dau tu vdi cac chuyen tham nudc ngoai hay tai cac dien dan qudc te va khu vuc cua Lanh dao nha nudc va Chinh phu Viec xuat hien cua cac vi Lanh dao cap cao se giup Chinh phu cac nudc, cac Nha dau tu nudc ngoai tin tuong vao thien chi, chu truong, chinh sach nhat quan cua Viet Nam ve khuyen khich thu hut FDI Ddi mdi each thuc xuc tien dau tu, can quan tarn mot sd noi dung: (1) Phai chuan bi san du an vdi nhung muc tieu that cu the nhat la nhung nganh chien 80 luge, nhirng dia diem chien luge; (2) Xac dinh ro nhu cau, mong muon thu hut von, cong nghe, ky nang quan ly de tir co phuang an lira chon doi tac nuoc ngoai vi moi quoc gia, moi TNCs co the manh rieng ve cong nghe, ky nang quan ly chuyen sau tirng linh vuc; (3) Tiep xue van dong cac Nha dau tu nudc ngoai da dugc lira chgn theo hudng ddi thoai true tiep, thang than va that cu the Thuc hien da dang hoa cac hinh thuc dau tu: To chuc cac cuoc hoi thao xue tien dau tu d nudc va nudc ngoai Trong hoi thao can tang cudng quang ba hinh anh dat nudc, mdi trudng dau tu tai Viet Nam, nhung chinh sach uu dai dau tu va nhung thdng tin cap nhat mdi nhat ve nhung thay ddi (neu cd); Tuyen truyen xue tien dau tu qua cac an pham (tap chi, dia CD, trang Web) ve dau tu nudc ngoai bang nhieu thu tieng Hoat dong xue tien dau tu can dugc thuc hien theo hudng da dang hoa, da phuang hoa Do vay, can tri mdi quan he hgp tac vdi cac nudc ASEAN, ddng thdi tang cudng quan he vdi cac nudc Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, My, Tay Au va coi la nhung ddi tac quan de thu hut cong nghe, tao the can bang luc lugng cd lgi cho viec dam bao doc lap, chu quyen, giu vung an ninh chinh tri va kinh te Ddng thdi tri, md rong quan he hgp tac xue tien dau tu va dao tao vdi cac td chuc qudc td: World Bank, IFC, FIAC, MIGA, ESCAP Can cd su thdng nhat tu trung uong den dia phuong ve hoat dong xue Fen dau tu, tranh tinh trang khdng thdng nhat, chong cheo hoat dong Thudng xuyen td chuc gap go trao doi, thao go nhirng kho khan vudng mac cho cac Doanh nghiep FDI Chinh thdng qua hoat dong cong cua cac doanh nghiep FDI cung nhu danh gia hay thien chi tot cua cac Nha dau tu nudc ngoai ve mdi trudng dau tu tai Viet Nam la hinh thuc tuyen truyen cd tinh thuyet phuc cao ddi vdi cac Nha dau tu nudc ngoai van dong thu hut FDI 3.3.6 Xay dung bo may quan ly FDI hieu qua, gon nhe Tir kinh nghiem cua Malaysia va Thai Lan, Viet Nam can xay dung md hinh quan ly cac du an dau tu gon nhe, theo nguyen tac "mot cua" va dugc thdng nhat tu trung uong xuong dia phuang Ddng thdi, viec tiep nhan va quan ly cac dir an FDI dugc dam bao tinh minh bach, nhat quan va thuc thi nghiem tuc 81 - Thuc hien phan dinh rd chuc nang quan ly nha nude ve kinh te vdi quan ly kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep Nha nudc tap trung vao hudng dan, cung cap thong tin, tao mdi trudng phap ly thuan lpi de thu hut FDI, khdng nen can thiep qua sau vao quan ly kinh te cua doanh nghiep Nhung can nang cao nang luc kiem soat hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep, phong tranh hien tupng doanh nghiep FDI lpi dung yeu kem quan ly de thu lpi bat hop phap nhu tron thue, chuyen gia - Cac co quan nha nudc can cd tu dung ve hoat dong dau tu va kinh doanh, trudc het la lpi ich va trach nhiem cua nha dau tu va doanh nghiep Tren co sd moi thu tuc hanh chinh can hudng vao viec tao thuan lpi cho cac du an dau tu cung nhu hoat dong kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Dieu cd nghia la, cac thu tuc hanh chinh se dupe thuc hien vdi thdi gian ngan nhat va chi phi thap nhat - Thong nhat chuc nang quan ly hoat dong FDI tir trung uong den dia phuong Tranh tinh trang chong cheo quan ly nhu hien giua uy ban nhan dan tinh, ban quan ly cac KCN, sd cong thuong d cac tinh, Nang cap Cue dau tu nudc ngoai thuoc Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu cd tinh chuyen trach, co tham quyen va trach nhiem cao hon, thuc hien tot chuc nang tuyen truyen, xue tien dau tu, hudng dan thu tuc, tham dinh, cap phep va quan ly hoat dong cac du an FDI - Don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinh, dam bao dung co che "mot cua", va tinh thuc thi nghiem tuc Viec cap giay phep dau tu phai dupe cong khai hoa de tranh tinh trang lpi dung, sach nhieu vdi nha dau tu Viec trien khai thuc hien du an bao gom cac thu tuc ve cap dat, giai toa, den bu dat dai, xay dung cong trinh, nhap khau vat tu thiet bi, danh gia tac dong mdi trudng can don gian theo hudng cac co quan chuc nang hudng dan nha dau tu thuc hien dung nhung quy dinh cua luat phap Trong trudng hop phat hien vi pham phap luat, can hudng cac nha dau tu khac phuc tinh trang do, chi ap dung viec xu phat doi vdi trudng hop nghiem hoac khdng chiu sua chua theo hudng dan, quy dinh cua co quan nha nudc 82 - Tang cuong dao tao nang cao trinh do, nang luc doi ngu cong chuc lam nhiem vu quan ly FDI, dac biet chu y luc luong lao dong truc tiep tham gia quan ly cac doanh nghiep lien doanh de thuc thi tot nhiem vu theo yeu cau Khong de xay truong hop chi vi khong tim kiem duoc nhan su nguoi dia phuong lam cong tac quan ly ma du an khong trien khai duoc Thuc te o Malaixia co nguon nhan luc chat luong cao, gioi tieng Anh nen da hap dan ke ca nha dau tu nudc cung nhu nudc ngoai 3.4 Dieu kien X hien giai plhijp A 3.4.1 le dieu kien chu quan Thu- nhat, can day manh tuyen truyen, giao duc de cac cap, cac nganh va dan cu hieu va co su nhat quan nhan thuc ve vi tri, vai tro cua FDI co cau nen kinh te quoc dan Muc tieu la tao su thong nhat va chuyen bien manh me hoach dinh va thuc thi chinh sach, dam bao doanh nghiep FDI thuc su binh dang vdi cac doanh nghiep nudc, giai quyet hai hoa cac loi ich, han che cac quan dicm ky thi, dinh kien ve FDI The hai, Tiep tuc cai thien va phat huy mot so yeu to tao su hap dan ve moi truong dau tu de tang kha nang canh tranh so vdi cac nudc khu vuc Boi vi, nhung loi the canh tranh thu hut FDI cua moi quoc gia luon thay ddi va muon tri duoc su hap dan doi vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai thi phai khong ngung tao nhung loi the so sanh mdi + Dam bao su on dinh vung chac ve kinh te va chinh tri Day la dieu kien quan quyet dinh phuong hudng dau tu cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai Viet Nam dang co loi the so vdi mot sd nudc khu vuc ve on dinh chinh tri - xa hoi, nen can phai quan tam va co bien phap phat huy yeu to Trong thoi gian tdi, phai chu hon nua cdng tac phong chong tham nhung, xu ly nghiem minh nhung vu an kinh te, giai quyet dut diem va co bien phap ngan chan hieu qua nhung vudng mac qua trinh hoat dong cua doanh nghiep FDI Dong thoi, khong ngung cung co va mo rong cac quan he kinh te, chinh tri doi ngoai, cai thien vi the dat nudc tren truong quoc te, tao moi truong dau tu kinh doanh thuan loi co tinh canh tranh cao thu hut FDI 83 + Hoan thien cac loai thi truong: thi trudng von, thi trudng lao dong, thi trudng tai chinh thi trudng bat dong san tao dieu kien cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai co kha nang tiep can va su dung linh hoat cac nhan to ve thdi gian, khdng gian va chi phi + Khuyen khich phat trien cac loai hinh dich vu de dam bao nang cao kha nang cung cap du nhu cau vdi chat luong va gia ca cd tinh canh tranh khu vuc, nhat la mot sd dich vu hien kern hap dan cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai nhu dich vu van tai, dien nudc, buu chinh vien thdng, kiem toan, tu van + Nang cao chat luong dich vu cong va thap chi phi quan ly hanh chinh Ngoai mot sd dich vu Nha nudc can tap trung thuc hien nhu dang ky quan ly thdng tin su dung chung, bao ho phuc loi xa hoi, bao ve mdi trudng; lai cac dich vu khac nhu dich vu van tai, dien, nudc sach, thu phi giao thdng, dich vu hai quan, khuyen khich khu vuc tu nhan cd the dam nhan duoi hinh thuc dau thau Day cung la bien phap de thuc hien chinh sach mot gia va tuan theo thi trudng Thi'r ba, tao doi tac dau tu nudc De tao sue hap dan thu hut cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, nhat la cac TNCs thi viec tao doi ngu cac doanh nghiep nudc cd du nang luc hoat dong lien doanh, hop tac dau tu vdi ddi tac nudc ngoai cd vai tro quan Ddi vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, nhat la cac TNCs tien hanh dau tu nudc ngoai, ben canh viec tim hieu mdi trudng kinh te, chinh tri - xa hoi, tinh hinh thi trudng, ho quan tarn den doi tac dau tu cua nudc sd tai Do do, thdi gian tdi Viet Nam can tiep tuc cung cd va phat trien doi ngu doanh nghiep nudc tao luc luong doi tac hau, du nang lire de thu hut FDI; can day manh qua trinh sap xep, ddi mdi, nang cao hieu qua va sure canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep nha nudc Trong do, can xay dung va phat trien nhung tap doan kinh te nha nudc manh de dam bao cho doanh nghiep nha nudc giu vai tro chu dao nen kinh te quoc dan Phat trien doanh nghiep nudc du manh cd y nghia tao sue manh noi sinh viec tiep nhan va chuyen giao cong nghe 84 3.4.2 Ve dieu kien khach quan hoa thuong mai, tu hoa toan cau se tiep tuc dien manh me Thi trudng tai chinh cang duoc quoc te hoa, tinh phu thuoc lan giua cac nen kinh te tren the gidi se tang len anh hudng cua su dich chuyen cac luong vdn, cd dong FDI Trong dieu kien ay can lam tot cong tac phan tich, du bao xu the bien dong cua FDI de co nhung chinh sach, giai phap phu hop nang cao nang luc canh tranh thu hut FDI Ddng thdi can xay dung chien luoc thu hut FDI gan vdi chien luoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nudc Thu hai, Xu the gia tang cac lien ket kinh te quoc te se giup Viet Nam md rong them cac quan he kinh te, hoi nhap sau rong vao nen kinh te the gidi De phat trien, Viet Nam can dua tren tiem nang phat trien cua minh la tai nguyen, nguon nhan luc, su on dinh chinh tri - xa hoi, nd duoc xem nhu nhung nhan to tich cue nham thu hut FDI Ddng thdi thong qua hop tac song phuong, da phuong, viec md rong cac mdi quan he kinh te se giup kinh te Viet Nam tang trudng ben vung, khdng bi phu thuoc qua nhieu vao bat ky ddi tac nao Nhu vay, ddng luu chuyen vdn FDI, cong nghe ky thuat mdi, cac loai hinh dich vu mdi se duoc md rong va giup Viet Nam cd co hoi de thu hut nhieu hon FDI cung cong nghe tien tien va kinh nghiem quan ly hien dai nham co cau lai nen kinh te dua nen kinh te phat trien nhanh, cd hieu qua va ben vung Thu ba, Khoa hoc cong nghe phat trien va xu hudng chuyen giao cong nghe sang cac nudc dang phat trien se dat Viet Nam truoc thach thuc hop tac va thu hut FDI phai lua chon cong nghe va cd chinh sach thu hut cong nghe hop ly, neu khdng muon trd bai rac cong nghe cua the gidi va su tra gia o nhiem mdi trudng Day cung la van de dat cong tac quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi cac du an FDI phai cd dieu kien, phai tham dinh nhung cong nghe ma cac du an dua vao Viet Nam Thu tu, thdi dai toan cau hoa can tiep tuc doi mdi tu phat trien Cung vdi ke tuc va phat trien dudng loi ddi mdi da duoc vach ra, se tiep tuc nang 85 cao tu phat trien, bao gom ca tu kinh te tu chinh tri tren toan he thong, dong thoi gan tu phat trien dat nudc vdi nhung nguyen tac va quy luat phat trien kinh te toan cau Nhan thuc cung la dieu kien cho viec hoach dinh cac chinh sach cd tinh linh hoat thu hut FDI nham vira dam bao loi ich dat nudc vira dam bao loi ich cua cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai Trong dieu kien cu the, nha nudc dinh hudng ddng FDI vao nhung linh vuc, nhung nganh, nhung dia phuong gan vdi chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi chung cua dat nudc 86 KET1 LUAN Dau tu true tiep nuuc ngoai - FDI la hinh thuc kinh doanh quoc te co hieu qua cao duoc tat ca cac quoc gia nhat la cac nudc dang phat trien quan tam thu hut va canh tranh cang gay gat Malaysia va Thai Lan la hai nudc kha cong thu hut FDI va nhieu diem tuong dong vdi Viet Nam Vi vay, nghien cuu hoc tap kinh nghiem cua Malaysia va Thai Lan thu hut FDI va van dung vao Viet Nam de phuc vu su nghiep CNH - HDH dat nudc la van de co y nghia thiet thuc doi vdi Viet Nam hien De tai nghien cuu “Kinh nghiem thu hut von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua mot so nudc ASEAN va van dung vao Viet Nam” da hoan nhung muc tieu nghien cuu sau: Thz? nhat, Luan van da phan tich duoc thuc trang thu hut FDI vao Malaysia va Thai Lan thdi gian qua Trong do, lam ro nhung chinh sach, bien phap thu hut FDI cua hai nudc Tu rut nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI cua Thai Lan va Malaysia Thu hai, Luan van da phan tich duoc thuc trang thu hut FDI vao Viet Nam thdi gian qua, phan tich va danh gia nhung nhung chinh sach, bien phap thu hut FDI ma Viet Nam dang ap dung Thu ba, tren co so nghien cuu nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI cua Maylaysia va Thai Lan va tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao Viet Nam thdi gian qua, luan van da xem xet nhung co hoi va thach thuc thu hut FDI cua Viet Nam vdi cac nudc khu vuc de rut nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI co kha nang van dung vao Viet Nam nham phat huy hon nua nhung ket qua ve hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam thdi gian qua, dong thdi khac phuc nhung han che, ton tai, tiep tuc cai thien moi trudng dau tu, tao moi dieu kien thuan loi cho khu vuc kinh te FDI phat trien, dong gop nhieu hon nua vao su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Thu tu, luan van da de xuat nhung kien nghi ve dieu kien chu quan va dieu kien khach quan can thuc hien de tang tinh kha thi viec van dung nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI cua Malaysia va Thai Lan vao Viet Nam 87 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Do Dire Binh - Nguyen Thuong Lang (2006), Nhirng vdn de kinh te - xa hoi sinh dau tir true tiep mrdc ngoai, kinh nghiem Trung Quoc va thirc trang Viet Nam, NXB Ly luan chinh tri Ha Noi Pham Thi Thanh Binh (2005) Phat trien khoa hoc cong nghe d cac mrdc ASEAN Tap chi Nhung van de kinh te the gidi, tr 53-60 Le Van Chien - Pham Manh Hung (2010), Hoat dong thu hut FDI vao cac mroc ASEAN, Tap chi Nhung van de kinh te va chinh tri the gidi (10), tr 72-79 Nguyen Sinh Cue (2010), Dau tir true tiep mrdc ngoai d Viet Nam sau nam gia nhap WTO Tap chi Quan ly kinh te (31), tr 75-82 Mai Ngoc Cudng (2000), Hoan thien chinh sach va to chi'rc thu hut dau tu true tiep mrdc ngoai d Viet Nam NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Noi Vu Hoang Duong (2011), Mot so vdn de ve thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam, Tap chi Nghien cuu kinh te (398), tr 35-44 Lam Thuy Duong (2011), Thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai: Quy hoach phat trien dungphai duoc the hien bang hieu qua Tap chi Kinh te va Du bao (15), trl5-18 Tran Thi Lan Huong (2006), Malaysia - Hoi nhap nhanh 11 linh vuc duoc uu tien, Tap chi Nhung van de kinh te the gidi (3), tr 13-23 Pham Thanh Khiet (2010), Vdn de thu hut va sir dung vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai d Viet Nam hien nay, Tap chi Nghien cuu kinh te (388), tr 39-46 10 Nguyen Mai (2011), FDI va phat trien ben vung, Tap chi dau tu nudc ngoai (55-56), tr 22-25 11 Nguyen Minh Phong (2010), Tac dong hai mat cua ddng FDI, Tap chi dau tu nudc ngoai (60), tr 18-21 12 Dang Xuan Quang (2011), Thu hut vdn dau tu mrdc ngoai cua Viet Nam nam 2010 va dinh hudng nam 2011, Tap chi Kinh te va Du bao (3), tr 47-49 88 13 Phan Van Tam (2010), Dau tic true tiep nude ngoai vao Viet Nam - Tdng quan nam 2010 vd trien vong nam 2011, Tap chi kinh te va Phat trien (4), tr 25-29 14 Nguyen Due Thanh (2011), Bao cao thudng nien Kinh te Viet Nam 2010Lua chon de tdng trudng ben vung, NXB tri Thuc 15 Dd Mai Thanh (2010), May suy nghi ve von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam, Tap chi Kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong (311), tr 34-38 16 Vo Thanh Thu - Ngo Thi Hai Xuan (2010), Su mat cdn ddi hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vd nhung gidi phap khac phuc, Tap chi kinh te va Phat trien (3), tr 13-15 17 Le Thuy (2010), Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam nam 2009, dinh hudng vd gidiphap nam 2010, Tap chi Kinh te va Du bao (1), trr 10-13 18 Nguyen Doan Trang (2011), Viet Nam xu hudng chuyen dich ddng vdn FDI toan cau vd khu vuc, Tap chi Kinh te va Du bao (8), tr 20-22 19 Phan Thi Thuy Tram (2010), Hoat dong xue tien dau tu d Viet Nam: Vdn de to chuc vd Tdi chinh, Tap chi Kinh te va Du bao (4), tr 12-14 20 Tran Minh Tuan (2010), Tac dong cua dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai doi vdi kinh te Viet Nam nhung nam qua, Tap chi Quan ly kinh te (35), tr 50-60 21 Tran Van Tung (2003), Chat luong tdng trudng nhin tic Ddng A, NXB The gidi, Ha Noi 22 Vien kinh te the gidi (2001), Kinh te Malaysia, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi 23 Vien kinh te the gidi (2003), Dieu chinh co cau kinh te d Han Quoc, Malaysia vd Thdi Lan, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 24 Vien kinh te va Chinh tri the gidi (2004), Hudng tdi cong dong kinh te Ddng A, NXB Th6 gidi, Ha Noi 25 Vien Nghien cuu Ddng Nam A (2002), Kinh te cac nude Ddng Nam A, thuc trang va trien vong, NXB Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Ha Noi