Chính sách nhà nước về thu hút người nước ngoài vào làm việc tại việt nam

6647 LV ThS DHKTQD i i ■.: KS fcWJI: !&,_ «ik 7 dong lam viec Nhung bao hiem phai duoc mua trudc ngudi lao dong den Viet Nam va duoc coi nhu la mot dieu kien de ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai duoc cap giay phep lao dong tai Viet Nam Ben canh do, Chinh phu cung xem xet viec chap nhan cho phep ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tham gia bao hiem xa hoi Neu dieu kien chua cho phep, co the quy dinh doanh nghiep thue ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai phai danh tien lap mot loai quy nham giup nguoi nudc ngoai khac phuc nhung bien co rui ro qua trinh lao dong Dieu co the cho tien hanh theo muc khac va co lo trinh nhung nen lam vi mac du hien nay, chung ta chua phe chuan Cdng udc cua To chuc Lao dong qudc te ve quyen binh dang giua cdng dan va ngudi nudc ngoai linh vuc bao z ' hiem xa hoi, nhung thdi ky hoi nhap, chung ta nen tinh den viec thua nhan quyen cho ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai theo che doi xu qudc gia bdi cac ly sau: - Thu- nhat, lam viec tai Viet Nam, nhung ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai cung phai thuc hien cac nghia vu cua mot ngudi lao dong lam cdng an luong giong nhu Z ngudi lao dong Viet Nam, ke ca cac nghia vu ve thue nham dong gop cho ngan sach nha nudc; - Thu nhi, doi tuong thu hut chinh sach la nhung chuyen gia, nha quan ly, giam doc dieu hanh co trinh cao ma lao dong Viet Nam chua dap ung duoc nen ve khia canh nao ho la nhung ngudi da va dang dong gop cho su phat trien cua Viet Nam; - Cudi cung, viec khong cho ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tham gia bao hiem xa hoi se vo tinh gay tinh trang thich tuyen dung lao dong nudc ngoai hon lao dong Viet Nam cac doanh nghiep Bdi vi, cac doanh nghiep se tan dung dieu d£ tuyen nhieu lao dong nudc ngoai vdi cung muc luong vdi lao dong Viet Nam de khong phai 68 t6n mot khoan tien dong bao hiem xa hoi cho nguoi lao dong nude ngoai, dong thoi nang duoc vi the cua doanh nghiep ve viec su dung nhieu chuyen gia nude ngoai 3.2.7 Ve thue thu nhap De nghi viec xay dung thue thu nhap cho nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai theo hudng thuoc vao loai giay phep duoc cap, nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai co ky nang, trinh lam viec tai Viet nam co the chiu d nhung muc thue thu nhap khac Thue thu nhap nguoi lao dong tra, nhung doanh nghiep, co quan su dung lao dong phai tam ung de dong hang nam, sau duoc phep tru dan vao luong cua nguoi lao dong Co the mien thue thu nhap toan bo cho nhung chuyen gia duoc cap loai giay phep dac biet Khi xay dung thue thu nhap cua nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai theo phuong an tren, ■> r r r \ chung ta co the linh hoat viec giai quyet cac uu dai doi vdi cac doi tuong can thu hut theo tung nganh nghe, cong viec va tung giai doan khac 3.2.8 Ve trach nhiem co quan, don vi su dung lao dong ngudi nudc ngoai Quy dinh trach nhiem co quan, don vi su dung lao dong mot cach ro rang ve viec tro giup nguoi lao dong hoan tat cac thu tuc hanh chinh va ve mot so van de co tinh kinh te khac cung la mot noi dung quan giup viec thu hut doi tuong chinh sach duoc tOt hon Cac co quan, don vi hoac cac doanh nghiep thue nguoi nudc ngoai den lam viec phai dang ky, lam cac thu tuc theo luat dinh vdi co quan quan ly co thAm quyen va chiu toan bo trach nhiem ve viec de nghi tuyen dung lao dong cua minh Su dung lao dong lam viec theo dung nganh, nghe linh vuc, cong viec ma co quan, to chuc da dang ky vdi cac co quan quan ly cua nha nudc; Phoi hop chat che vdi cac co quan quan ly nha nudc co lien quan; Dinh ky cung cip day du thong tin danh gia tinh hinh su dung lao dong va tinh hinh lao dong cua nguoi nudc ngoai tai don vi; phat hien nhung van de bat cap, cac thu tuc quan ly khong phu hop va dua cac kien nghi xac dang de giup cac co quan quan ly hoat dong thuc hien nhiem vu cang duoc tot hon Dinh ky hang nam, doanh nghiep su dung lao dong nudc ngoai phai to chuc kham suc khoe cho nguoi lao dong tai co sd y te co quan quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam quy dinh Co trach nhiem dong tien bao hiem (y te, suc khoe ) cho nguoi lao dong Co trach nhiem dong tien bao lanh cho nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai thoi gian lam viec tai Viet Nam 3.2.9 Ve mot so uu dai khac (hoat dong cong doan, dinh cu va sinh song tai Viet Nam ) 69 Nguoi lao dong nuoc ngoai co chat luong cao co the duoc xem xet, chap thuan duoc dinh cu vinh vien tai Viet Nam va co thd ket hon vdi ngudi Viet Nam; Duoc phep mang theo ngudi than gia dinh tdi sinh song, lam viec, hoc tap tai Viet nam Nha d va phuong tien di lai deu co quan, doanh nghiep su dung lao dong bo tri va chiu chi phi; trudng hop khong bo tri duoc cho d, co the tinh toan tra bang tien mat nhung phai co su thoa thuan, dong y trudc giua ngudi lao dong va ngudi su dung lao dong Nha nudc co chuong trinh, ke hoach xay dung he thong co sd tang, he thdng dich vu (van hoa, giao due, y te ) tot, khu vui choi giai tri, khu van hoa cho ngudi nudc ngoai, tao dieu kien thuan loi sinh hoat cho ban than ngudi nudc ngoai lao dong tai Viet nam va cho gia dinh ho d Viet nam Ngudi nudc ngoai lao dong tai Viet nam cung duoc phep co quyen sd huu tai san, nha d tai Viet Nam Co quyen mua ban, thua ke, cho tang, chuyen quyen sd huu doi vdi tai san hop phap cua minh Mot van de can duoc luu y nghien cuu nua thdi gian tdi la viec cho phep ddi tuong chinh sach duoc tham gia td chuc cong doan Hien tai, Viet Nam khong gidi han han ngach cua lao dong nudc ngoai lam viec mot doanh nghiep Viet Nam Vi vay, cac don vi co thd tuydn dung ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai vdi sd luong khong han che, mien ho dam bao cac dieu kien khac theo luat dinh Dat gia dinh mot doanh nghiep d Viet Nam su dung hau het lao dong la ngudi nudc ngoai thi van de quyen loi ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai d day se duoc giai quyet nhu nao Ve mat phap ly, ho se chua duoc su bao ve day du cua td chuc cong doan bdi vi, tat ca nhung ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai deu khong phai la cong doan vien va ho khong duoc quyen lap cong doan cua ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai doanh nghiep Do do, de tao dieu kien cho nhung ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai va bao ve mot each tich cue cac quyen va loi ich chinh dang cua ngudi lao dong, cac co quan quan ly cung nen nghien cuu viec quy dinh cac doanh nghiep lap mot td chuc tuong tu nhu td chuc cong doan de bao ve quyen loi chinh dang cua ngudi nudc lao dong Tuy nhien, hoat dong cua td > chuc co su quan ly cua nha nudc va chi hoat dong nhu mot td chuc xa hoi nghe nghiep tren lanh thd Viet Nam nham bao ve quyen loi chinh dang cho ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai chu khong phai la td chuc mang tinh chat chinh tri - xa hoi nhu cong doan lao dong Viet Nam Pham vi hoat dong cua td chuc ghi dieu le cung co gidi han nhat dinh Cung co the lap mot td chuc tro giup phap ly cho ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai de giup ho giai quyet nhung thu tuc hanh chinh, bao ve quyen loi cho ngudi 70 lao dong co tranh chap giua nguoi lao dong va nguoi su dung lao dong dam bao cho viec khieu kien neu xay cung duoc tien hanh co to chuc va theo phap luat r \ a z Tuy nhien, van de nhieu nudc cung chua lam nhung khong vi the ma chung ta cung chua voi Chung ta nen nghiem tuc nghien cuu, nhat la boi canh hien Viet Nam dang dan md cua thi truong theo lo trinh thuc hien cam ket WTO va theo xu hudng toan cau hoa Vi vay, chung ta can chu dong tim trudc cac giai phap cho phu hop vdi dac diem Viet Nam Ben canh viec nghien cuu, xem xet cho phep nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai duoc thuc hien cac quy dinh lien quan den cong doan va bao hiem xa hoi nhu nguoi lao dong Viet Nam, co mot van de nua chung ta can luu tam xem xet la viec cho phep thue hoac de cu nguoi nudc ngoai dam nhan cong viec quan ly, lanh dao d mot so vi tri nhat dinh d mot so don vi su nghiep cong lap (Vien, Truong hoc ) Day duoc xem nhu la dong thai kich thich su canh tranh va tao dong luc tot hon cho nguoi nudc ngoai dem het suc luc, tri tue cua minh phuc vu cong viec 3.3 CAC GIAI PHAP VE XAY DIJ'NG VA TO CHT’C THlTC HIEN CHINH SACH 3.3.1 Ve xay d/ng chinh sach Viet Nam nhieu nam qua luon trien khai thuc hien tot chinh sach kinh te doi ngoai doc lap, tu chu, hoa binh, hop tac cung phat trien, san sang la ban va la doi tac tin cay cua tat ca cac nudc, la vien tich cuc va co trach nhiem cong dong quoc te vi vay da thu duoc cong dang ke cong tac ngoai giao va hop tac kinh te quoc te Nhieu cong ty ldn, nha dau tu ldn co ten tuoi den Viet Nam de hoat dong san xudt, kinh doanh Nhieu nha dau tu, nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai den Viet Nam Z * Z > ' lam viec va sinh song Do su phat trien nhanh chong cua nen kinh te, cau ve lao dong co chat luong cao d Viet nam cang tang cung noi dia chua dap ung kip Viec quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai yeu gay nhieu buc xuc xa hoi Vi vay, Dang, Chinh phu can co quyet sach, ban hanh Nghi quyet rieng ve van de lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, de lay lam co sd cho cac co quan cong quyen nhanh chong trien khai xay dung chinh sach va to chuc thuc hien cong viec duoc tot, co hieu qua Ngay tu bat dau xay dung chinh sach, co quan quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam phai co nghien cuu nghiem tuc van de lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, danh gia day du tac dong tich cuc va tieu cuc cua no tdi su phat trien kinh te, doi song van hoa, xa hoi., cua dat nudc, tu tham muu Chinh phu ban hanh chinh sach phu hop vdi nhung quy luat khach quan cua su phat trien kinh te va xa hoi, thu hut duoc nhung nguoi lao dong nudc ngoai that su co trinh do, nang luc vao lam viec tai Viet 71 Nam Chinh sach ban hanh phai xac dinh dung van de, muc tieu uu tien cua chinh sach; dong thoi phai co he thong tieu chuan va cac giai phap, cong cu huu hieu, cu the de thuc hien Trong qua trinh xay dung, sua doi, bd sung hoan thien the che, cac nha lanh dao cAn co su quyet tam, sat lanh dao, chi dao suot toan bo qua trinh tu bat dau tdi trinh cap co tham quyen ban hanh va qua trinh to chuc thuc hien, danh gia rut kinh nghiem, hoan thien chinh sach - Cac chinh sach uu dai cho ngudi nudc ngoai co trinh do, ky nang cao lam viec tai Viet Nam phai duoc xay dung mot cach dong bo, ro rang, cu the Trong qua trinh xay dung van ban can lay y kien tham gia dong gop mot cach rong rai cua cac chuyen gia, doanh nghiep co lao dong nudc ngoai va ban than ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai dang lam viec, sinh song tai Viet Nam Trong qua trinh xay dung van ban phap quy can soat lai nhung quy dinh thu tuc hanh chinh cu, xoa bo nhung thu tuc mang tinh quan lieu, rudm ra, gay phien cho doanh nghiep va ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai; hoan thien cac thu tuc hanh chinh mdi theo hudng cong khai, don gian va thuan tien - He thong nhung tieu chi lua chon ngudi vao lam viec phai ro rang dong thdi phai xay dung duoc ban he thong danh sach nhung nganh nghe, cong viec cu the d Viet Nam ma ngudi nudc ngoai duoc phep tham gia vao lam viec Ta co the lay vi du ve tieu chi lua chon lao dong nudc ngoai co ky nang cao den r lam viec tai Lien hiep Anh theo ke hoach Tier Visa (General) (Thay the cho chuong r trinh HSMP (the Highly Skilled Migrant Programme) tu 30 thang sau 2008) Tieu chi duoc tinh theo diem va diem toi thieu de duoc chap thuan la 75 Bang 3.1 Tieu chi lua chon lao dong node ngoai co ky nang cao den lam viec tai Lien hiep Anh (theo ke hoach Tier Visa) Bang cap Cu nhan Master's PhD 30 points 35 points 50 points Thu nhap Thu nhap nam £25,000 - £29,999 £30,000 - £34,999 15 72 £35,000 - £39,999 20 £40,000 - £49,999 25 £50,000 - £54,999 30 £55,000 - £64,999 35 £65,000 - £74,999 40 £75,000 - £149,999 45 £150,00+ 80 rp AQ • Tuoi Tuoi da la 20 diem neu duui 30 tuoi np Tuoi a • Diem Duui 30 20 30-34 10 35-39 40 hoac hun Kinh nghiem song tai UK Ban da tung lam viec hoac hoc tap tai UK points Kha nang tieng Anh Trai qua kiem tra tieng Anh dat trinh Cl cua GCSE (the Council of Europe's Common European Framework for Language Learning) (tuong duung 6.5 kiem tra IELTS) Diem toi da cho phan ngoai ngu: 10 Tien chu cap Ban can dat 10 diem bang each chung minh ban co the tu luc duoc cho ban than va giup du duoc nguui phu thuoc Quy chu cap/dat cqc theo Tier Visa Neu nop dem Chung minh tri lien tuc £800 tai tai khoan u ngan hang trong UK thang nop dun Neu nop dun Chung minh tri lien tuc £2800 tai tai khoan u ngan hang ngoai UK thang truuc nop dun Nguon: UK Visa Bureau 3.3.2 Ve to chirc thirc • hien • chinh sach 73 3.3.2.1 Kien toan to chuc bo may, hoat dong cua he thong co quan quan ly lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam Xac dinh ro chuc nang, nhiem vu, tham quyen va trach nhiem cua tung co quan he thong co quan quan ly lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam Hoan thien co cau to chuc bo may tren co so phan biet ro chuc nang, phuong thuc hoat dong cua cac bo phan tham mini, thuc thi chinh sach, cung cap dich vu cong Co quan co chuc nang quan ly nha nudc ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam phai lam tdt cdng tac tham muu cho Chinh phu viec hoach dinh cac chinh sach, tong hop thong ke Theo Nghi dinh sd 186/2007/ND-CP 25 thang 12 nam 2007 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chuc nang, nhiem vu, quyen han va co cau to chuc cua Bo Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi, 25 don vi thuoc va true thuoc Bo van chua thay cd don vi chuyen trach quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam ma noi dung cdng viec tren thuc te hien van Cue Viec lam cua Bo dam nhan Vi vay, thdi gian tdi xay dung Nghi dinh sua doi, bd sung Nghi dinh sd 186/2007/ND-CP, Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi sdm trinh Chinh phu cho phep lap Cue Quan ly Lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam; lap Trung tam kiem tra, danh gia trinh do, ky nang ngudi nudc ngoai den lam viec tai Viet nam Cac co quan co nhung an pham, xay dung website rieng cung cap thong tin lien quan tdi lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet nam, quy trinh thu tuc xin giay phep cung cac mau don, giay to de cac doanh nghiep va ngudi lao dong truy cap, tim hieu Neu can thiet, co the lap Trung tam xue tien, tuyen mo ngudi nudc ngoai co trinh do, ky nang cao den lam viec tai Viet Nam Cac co quan quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam phai duoc dau tu trang thiet bi hien dai, phuc vu yeu cau cdng viec kip thdi va thong suot Trien khai ung dung cdng nghe thong tin hoat dong chi dao, dieu hanh; ap dung cac cdng cu, phuong phap quan ly tien tien, hien dai he thong cac co quan Cac co quan quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam lam tdt cdng tac du bao, xac dinh chinh xac duoc su thieu hut va nhu cau lao dong nudc ngoai cua cac co quan, to chuc va cac doanh nghiep ca nudc; phai thuc hien tdt cdng tac tra, kiem tra viec quan ly va thuc hien chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam; danh gia, khen thudng doi vdi cac don vi, ca nhan lam tdt cdng tac dong thdi cuong quyet ky luat, dua co quan co thdm quydn xet xu, truy to nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat de cang nang cao chat luong, hieu qua cdng tac quan ly Giua cac co quan quan ly nha nudc can co su tang cudng phoi hop hon nua (Bo Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa hoi, Bo Cdng an, Bo Cdng thuong, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, ban quan ly khu cdng nghiep ) viec hudng dan, ho tro va tao dieu kien cho 74 r \ chu su dung lao dong, nguoi lao dong nuoc ngoai thuc hien tot ve chinh sach su dung va quan ly lao dong nuoc ngoai 3.3.2.2 Kien toan nhan luc lam cong tac quan ly lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam Can bo, cong chuc lam cong tac quan ly lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam phai nam bat day du thong tin ve chu truong, duong loi cua Dang; chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nuoc lien quan toi linh vuc d£ van dung, giai quyet cong viec tot theo chuc trach va tham quyen Co su thuong xuyen nghien cuu, tu dao tao, boi duong, chu nang cao kien thuc, ky nang theo chuc trach, nhiem vu duqc phan cong Co y thuc luon trau doi, nang cao kien thuc lien quan chuyen mon: ve van de di cu va lao dong, ve van de thu hut nhan luc va kien thuc ve ngoai ngu va tin hoc Dong thoi, phai phat huy tinh than trach nhiem thuc thi nhiem vu; 3.3.2.3 Tao moi truong chinh tri, xa hoi on dinh de nguoi nuoc ngoai den lam viec co cam nhan ve su an toan sinh song, lam viec tai Viet nam Tiep tuc thuc hien tot nhiem vu cua cong tac doi ngoai, theo Nghi quyet Dai hoi X cua Dang, la”giu vung moi truong hoa binh, tao cac dieu kien quoc te thuan lqi cho cong cuoc doi moi, day manh phat trien kinh te-xa hoi, cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuoc, xay dung va bao ve tO quoc” 3.3.2.4 Dong vien su tham gia hudng ung tich cuc cua don vi tuyen dung lao dong nuoc ngoai lam viec Cac doanh nghiep, don vi su dung lao dong nguoi nuoc ngoai phai tuan thu dung cac quy dinh, chinh sach chung cua Nha nuoc ve lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam Lam tot cong tac thong ke, bao cao tinh hinh lao dong nuoc ngoai tai don vi va du kien nhu cau lao dong nuoc ngoai thoi gian toi de giup cac co quan quan ly nha nuoc lam tot cong tac hoach dinh chinh sach Bang nhung kinh nghiem thuc tien cua don vi, tich cuc tham gia dong gop y kien vao cac van ban du thao cua cac co quan quan ly nha nuoc co noi dung lien quan toi quan ly, chinh sach doi voi lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam; manh dan de xuat Chinh phu sua doi, bo sung quy dinh de don gian hoa cac thu tuc lien quan toi van de lao dong nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam de viec to chuc thuc hien cong viec cang duqc tot hon 3.3.2.5 Dong vien su tham gia hudng und tich cue ch a ban than ngudi lao dong nuoc ngoai den lao dong tai Viet Nam 75 Tren ca sa thong tin cac ca quan chuc nang cung cap tren mang va tai cong so, nguai lao dong nudc ngoai can tim hieu ky cac linh vuc, cong viec ma nha nudc Viet Nam cho phep lao dong nudc ngoai tham gia Ban than nguai lao dong phai tu danh gia ve nang luc ban than so vdi nhung tieu chuan ma nha tuyen dung dua trudc Khi xin viec, phai xem xet, lua chon de co the nop dan tai nhung ca sa tuyen dung co du nang luc va uy tin de tranh gap nhung phien dang tiec xay Nen co su tim hieu, tham khao trudc ve dat nudc, nguai, van hoa va luat phap Viet Nam Trong thai gian lao dong tai Viet Nam, can ton luat phap va cac quy dinh khac cua nudc sa tai va cua doanh nghiep Tich cuc dong gop y kien de viec xay dung chinh sach cho nguai lao dong nudc ngoai cua nha nudc Viet Nam cang duqc hoan thien han 3.3.2.6 Tranh thu su ung ho cua cong chung nudc Van de thu hut nguai lao dong nudc ngoai vao lam viec se lam anh huong truc tiep tdi cong an, viec lam cua nguai lao dong nudc Kem theo chac chan co mot so cach biet ve van hoa, tin ngudng giua nhung nen van hoa khac Vi vay, cac ca quan quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai can lam tot cong tac tuyen truyen, bien de cong chung hieu muc dich, hieu qua cua cong tac dem lai cho nen kinh te va cho xa hoi de tranh thu duqc su dong thuan cua cong chung, giup cho viec to chuc thuc hien chinh sach duqc thuan lqi va cong 3.4 MOT SO VAN DE LUU Y KHI XAY DUNG VA TO CHUC THI/C HIEN CHINH SACH THU HUT NGUOI NUOC NGOAI VAO LAM VIEC TAI VIET NAM Qua ket qua nghien cuu, phan tich, danh gia ve tinh hinh phat trien kinh te xa hoi, van de dan cu va lao dong Viet Nam, van de lao dong nudc ngoai va chinh sach cho lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam a tren, ta can luu y them mot so van de de co the trien khai duqc tot han viec xay dung va to chuc thuc hien chinh sach thu hut nguai nudc ngoai vao lam viec tai Viet Nam, la: 3.4.1 Ve nhung dieu kien thuan loi viec thu hut ngudi nudc ngoai vao lam viec tai Viet Nam • • • r a) Tu nam 1986, Viet Nam ti en hanh cong cuoc goi mdi tren cac linh acre ninv te, quan ly dieu hanh va hop tac quoc te vdi noi dung: Xoa bo kinh te bao cap, thuc hien ca cau kinh te nhieu phan; doi mdi ve ca che quan ly kinh te tu ca che ke hoach hoa sang phuang thuc hach toan kinh doanh xa hoi chu nghia; thuc hien chu r r •> r r truong kinh te: san xuat luang thuc, thuc pham, san xuat hang tieu dung va san xuat hang xuat khau; doi mdi quan ly va dieu hanh cua nha nudc cho phu hop vdi ca che quan ly kinh te mdi; doi mdi ve quan he hqp tac quoc te theo hudng rong ma, keu goi hop tac va dau tu nudc ngoai Cach van hanh va quan ly va xu hudng hqp tac mdi da 76 lam gan hon quan he cua Viet Nam voi quoc te, tao dieu kien thuan loi hon cho moi truong hop tac kinh doanh va nguoi nuoc ngoai den sinh song, lam viec tai Viet Nam; b) He thong van ban quy pham phap luat da duoc xay dung, hoan thien dan phu hop voi su phat trien kinh te xa hoi thoi ky moi; nhung quy dinh, thu tuc phap ly loi thoi, lac hau, ruom gay phien hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh dan bi bai bo nhung quy dinh hanh lang phap ly minh bach, ro rang da giup nguoi lao dong nuoc ngoai yen tam hon sinh song, kinh doanh va lam viec tai Viet Nam; he thong co quan cong quyen duoc hien dai hoa cung voi doi ngu can bo, cong chuc cang duoc nang cao trinh cung da gop phan tao dieu kien nhanh chong, thuan loi viec cung cap cac dich vu cong cho khach hang va ngoai nuoc cung la nhan to tich cuc van de nay; c) Ngay cang co nhieu nha dau tu nuoc ngoai vao Viet Nam, dong thoi doanh nghiep Viet Nam cang da dang va phat trien manh Dieu nay, dong nghia voi cong an viec lam duoc tao nhieu hon cho ca lao dong nuoc va lao dong nuoc ngoai; d) Dan so Viet Nam dong, so nguoi tuoi lao dong lon nhung the luc kem, trinh chuyen mon, ky nang, tay nghe, ky luat lao dong va tac phong lao dong cong nghiep o trinh thap He thong giao duc chuyen nghiep va dao tao nghe r \ r r r r yeu ve chat luong, he thong trang thiet bi da so cac co so dao tao lac hau, trinh doi ngu giang vien co duoc nang cao nhung nam gan day, nhung van yeu, thieu va chua dong bo o cac nganh nghe, dac biet la thieu o cac nganh quan (sinh hoc, nang luong, hoa dau, che tao may cac nganh o to, may bay, tau thuy ,) vi vay, chua the nhanh chong dao tao, boi duong doi ngu lao dong trinh cao dap ung voi nhu cau xa hoi Do do, lao dong Viet Nam kho co suc canh tranh tren san nha; thi truong lao dong Viet Nam se duoc bo ngo cho lao dong nuoc ngoai khong chi’ mot vai nam gan day, ma nhieu nam toi; d) Quy trinh cap phep cho lao dong nuoc ngoai vao Viet Nam cang duoc don gian hoa, linh vuc, nganh nghe cong viec nguoi nuoc ngoai duoc phep tham gia vao thi truong lao dong Viet Nam cang duoc noi long Chinh sach cang huong toi su uu dai nhieu hon cho nguoi lao dong nuoc ngoai co ky nang, trinh cao lam viec o Viet Nam x x r e) Sau doi moi, dac biet la nhung nam gan day, dieu kien song va lam viec tai Viet Nam da duoc cai thien, nang cao ro ret Muc thu nhap trung binh cua nguoi dan tang cao, co so van hoa, vui choi giai tri da duoc xay dung va phat trien manh; he thong giao thong duoc nang cap va phat trien, he thong giao duc va y te cang 77 dugc nang cao ve chat lugng Dieu tao dieu kien thuan lgi de dang hon cho ca cong dan Viet nam va ngudi nudc ngoai sinh song, hgc tap, lam viec tai Viet Nam 3.4.2 Ve nhung van de kho khan viec thu hut ngu'di nuoc ngoai vao lam viec tai Viet Nam a) Hien tai, van de lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet nam da dugc chi dao, dinh hudng tai mot so van ban cua Dang va Nha nudc Tuy nhien, can co mot mot chien luge, mot Nghi quyet rieng, cu the day manh hoat dong cdng tac Neu khong, viec trien khai thuc hien van d tinh trang de xuat de giai quyet tinh hudng la chinh, cac van ban phap quy ve chinh sach, ve quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam ban hanh cham, viec td chuc thuc hien van mang tinh chong chd, y lai Su cham chap gay e ngai ve tam ly va tao nhieu kho khan cho ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tiep can thi trudng lao dong Viet Nam b) Chinh sach cho lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam da dugc chinh sua, bd sung de hoan thien nhieu lan nhung ve co ban van cham, thieu tinh dong bo, thu tuc xin giay phep cdn rudm ra, phuc tap gay e ngai ve tam ly cho ngudi nudc ngoai hg Z Z 9 mudn den Viet Nam de sdng va lam viec Hien tai, khong chi cd cac nudc phat trien tren the gidi ma ca cac nudc khu vuc da thuc thi nhieu chinh sach thu hut ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tdi lam viec cd sue canh tranh cao Tai cac qudc gia nay, nhin chung tinh hinh kinh te, co sd vat chat, tang ky thuat cd nhieu thuan lgi hon Viet Nam Vi vay, rat kho cho Viet Nam cuoc dua canh tranh thu hut lao dong nudc ngoai so vdi cac qudc gia khac khu vuc va tren the gidi c) Cung nhu thuc trang doi ngu can bo, cdng chuc Viet Nam noi chung, lTnh vuc cdng viec lien quan tdi lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam, van cdn mot bo phan khong nho can bo, cdng chuc trinh cdn thap, tac phong quan lieu, hach dich lam can trd rat nhieu cho hoat dong cdng tac d) Viec quan ly ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam cdn yeu va long (Theo Vietnamnet, tai Hoi nghi viec lam va cdng bd bao cao “xu hudng viec lam Viet Nam nam 2010”, ong Nguyen Dai Dong, Cue trudng Cue viec lam (Bo Lao dong- Thuong binh va xa hoi) cho biet: Tinh den cuoi nam 2010, sd lugng lao dong nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam udc tinh khoang 56.929 ngudi; sd cd 47,05% da dugc cap giay phep lao dong); te nan xa hoi nhieu va ty le pham toi tang nhieu, cang nghiem va tre hoa (Theo VTC News, dua sd lieu thong ke chua day du cua Bo Cdng An, chi tinh rieng nam 2010 tren dia ban ca nudc cd 13.572 ddi tugng pham toi la thieu nien, 1.600 vu hgc sinh danh nhau, tang nhieu lan so vdi nhung nam trudc ke ve sd lugng pham toi lan cac vu an); tinh trang giao 78 thong van un tac nhieu, tai nan giao thong van luon xay (Theo GiaLai online, Bo Giao thong van tai cho biet nam thang dau nam 2011, ca nuoc da xay 5.705 vu tai nan giao thong, lam chet 4.787 nguoi, bi thuong 4.399 nguoi Tinh trung binh moi co gan 32 nguoi chet vi tai nan giao thong); chat luong co so giao due dao tao va y te chat luong cao b Viet nam cung chua nhieu Theo le thudng, nhung nguoi lao dong nghiem tuc, chan chinh co ky nang, trinh cao rat kho chap nhan lam viec moi trudng co nhieu yeu to rui ro nhu vay e) He thdng thdng tin va mang ludi to chuc tuyen dung lao dong ngudi nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam lam viec phat trien chua nhieu, hoat dong chua chuyen nghiep va kem hieu qua, nhan vien nang luc chua cao va trinh ngoai ngu da sd thap dieu lam kho cho viec xay dung chien luge phat trien thi trudng, cung cap thdng tin cho cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach nudc cung nhu viec cung cap thdng tin cho ngudi nudc ngoai cd nhu cau tim hieu thi trudng lao dong Viet Nam g) Ban than cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam da sd mdi dugc lap, ban than trinh quan ly va trinh ngoai ngu thap, tiem luc kinh te cd nhieu han che vi vay hg de dang chap nhan lao dong Viet Nam hon la thue lao dong nudc ngoai, tham chi hg biet ca uu diem cua viec thue lao dong nudc ngoai lam viec cho ho 79 KET LUAN Qua qua trinh hoc tap, nghien cuu, duoc sir giup cua cac thay co giao, cac ban be, dong nghiep, va dac biet la duoc su hudng dan tan tinh cua GS.TS Do Due Binh, den ban luan van “Chinh sach Nha nudc ve thu hut ngudi nudc ngoai vao lam viec tai Viet Nam” co ban da duoc hoan Ban luan van da co gang khai quat dupe nhung noi dung co sd ly luan ve xay dung chinh sach thu hut lao dong nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam, thuc trang van de nguon nhan luc Viet Nam trudc su phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dat nudc tu thuc hien chinh sach ddi mdi (1986); van de ngudi lao dong ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam nhung nam qua Dong thdi, qua nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem tir cac nudc khu vuc va tren the gidi, bai luan van da co gang dua nhung de xuat de lam thu hut dupe ngudi nudc ngoai co trinh do, ky nang cao vao lam viec tai Viet Nam tren cor sd phu hpp vdi hoan canh va thuc tien cua dat nudc bdi canh xay dung nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, hoi nhap quoc te, dam bao giu vung chu quyen, an ninh trat tu va an toan xa hoi Do co su han hep ve thdi gian va kien thuc cung nhu mot sd yeu td khach quan khac, bai luan van chua the thu thap dupe nhieu sd lieu thdng ke (dinh lupng su dong gop cua lao dong nudc ngoai vao nen kinh te; sd lieu lao dong lao dong nudc ngoai dang lam viec tung cac nganh, linh vuc, cong viec cu the ) de co su phan tich, danh gia sau va ky hon mot sd van de: lpi ich kinh te lao dong nudc ngoai dem den cho Viet Nam, nguyen nhan su khac biet cau lao dong nudc ngoai cac nganh nghe, linh vuc Ben canh do, bai luan van chac khong the khong tranh khoi nhung khiem khuyet khac Vi vay, hoc vien rat mong nhan dupe su gop y cua cac thay cd va nhung ban doc quan tam tdi van de de thdi gian tdi cd the tiep tuc hoan thien nhung noi dung nghien cuu tren Cung qua day, cho tdi xin dupe bay td long chan cam on su giup dd cua cac ban be, dong nghiep; tran cam on su dao tao, chi bao, hudng dan tan tinh cua cac thay cd giang vien Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Ha Noi cho tdi kien thuc de hoan ban luan van Xin chuc GS.TS Dd Due Binh cung cac thay cd giao, ban be, dong nghiep luon manh khoe, hanh phuc va cong cuoc song Xin tran cam on./ Nguyen Van Tuan r r Hoc vien Kinh te ddi ngoai - KI 80 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO TIENG VIET Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2011), Bao cao tong hap Quy hoach phat trien nhan luc Viet nam giai doan 2011-2020; Chinh phu (1993), Nghi dinh so 18/CP 16 thang nam 1993 quy dinh chi tiet viec thi hanh Luat Dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam', Chinh phu (1996), Nghi dinh so 58/CP thang 10 nam 1996 ve cap giay phep lao dong cho ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep, to chuc d Viet Nam; Chinh phu (1997), Nghi dinh so 12 /CP 18 thang nam 1997 quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh Luat Dau tir nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam ; Chinh phu (2001), Nghi dinh so 21/2001/ND-CP 28 thang nam 2001 quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh Phap lenh nhap canh, xuat canh, cu tru cua ngudi nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam; Chinh phu (2003), Nghi dinh so 105/2003/ND-CP 17 thang nam 2003 quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu cua bo Luat lao dong ve tuyen dung va quan ly lao dong nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam; Chinh phu (2006), Nghi dinh so 108/2006/ND-CP 22 thang nam 2006 quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu cud Luat Dau tu; Chinh phu (2007), Nghi dinh 190/2007/ND-CP 28 thang 12 nam 2007 hudng dan mot so dieu cua Luat Bao hiem xa hoi ve bao hiem xa hoi tu nguyen; Chinh phu (2008), Nghi dinh sd 34/2008/ ND-CP 25 thang 03 nam 2008 quy dinh ve tuyen dung va quan li ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet nam; 10 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (1986), Nghi quyet Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VI Dang Cong san Viet Nam; 11 PGS-TS Doan Thi Thu Ha va PGS-TS Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen (2006), Giao trinh chinh sach kinh te-xa hoi, Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te qudc dan, Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat; 12 TS Nguyen Huu Hai va Ths Pham Thu Lan (2006), Giao trinh hoach dinh va phan tich chinh sach cdng, Hoc vien hanh chinh Qudc gia, Nha xuat ban giao due; 13 Hoi dong Bo truong (1977), Nghi dinh sd 115-CP ban hanh dieu le ve dau tu cua nudc ngoai d nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam; 14 Hoi dong Bo truong (1990), Nghi dinh sd 233/HDBT 22 thang nam 1990 ban hanh quy che lao dong doi vdi cac xi nghiep cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai; 81 15 TS Le Chi Mai (20011 Nhungvan de coban ve chinh sachva quytrrnh chinh r r r \ sCoi , Nia xuat bnn Dai ioo Quoo gia tiahi pio Ho Cii Minh, 16 Quoc hoi (1987), Luat Dau tu huoo hgoai tai Viet ham, 17 Quoc hoi (1990), Luat Cohg doah; 18 Quoc hoi (1994), Bo Luat lao dohg; r \ 19 Quoc hoi (1996), Luat Dau tu huoo hgoai tai Viet ham; 20 Quoc Hoi (0000), Picp lehi so 24/2000/PL-UBTVQH10 oua Uy bah Tiuahg vu Quoo Hoi kioa 10, quy dihi ve Niap onhh, xuat hnhi, ou tru oua hguai huoo hgoai tai Viet Nam; 21 Quoc hoi (0005), Luat Dau tu; 22 Quoc hoi (0006), Luat Bno iiem xa ioi; 03 Quoc hoi (0007), Luat Tiue tiu hiap oC hiah; 04 Quoc hoi (0008), Luat Bno iiem y te; 25 Quoc hoi (0008), Ngii quyet so 19/2008/QH12 hgay 03 tiChg 06 ham 2008 Ve vieo tii diem oio to oiuo, oc hiah huoo hgoai mua va sa iuu hia a tai Viet Nam; TIENG ANH Brenda S.A Yeoh (0007), Sihgapore: Hungry for foreigh workers at all skill levels Natiohal Uhiversity ofSihgapore, Sihgapore', Gail McLaughlan & John Salt (0000), Migration Polioies towards iigily skilled' foreigh workers Uhiversity College Lohdoh; Lucie hema (0010), Polioies ahd Praotioes of iigily skilled migratioh ih times of tie eoohomio orisis, ILO - Geheva - Switzland, RaJasree hhandra (0010), Ihdiah Professiohal ahd skilled migratioh to Australia ahd Sihgapore: A Comparative Study, Soiool of Business, Eoohomios ahd Publio Polioy, Uhiversity ofNew Ehglahd TRANG WEB www.molisa.gov.vn; www.mpi.gov.vn/ www.vnimm.gov.vn/; www.cpv.org.vn/; www.vietlaw.gov.vn/ www.visabureau.com/uk/tier-1-general-skilled-migration.aspx www.vamas.com.vn/honie/detail.php?ihat=60&iNew=303&module=news