CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1 điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai V1(s /es) / (am /is/are) If + S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo (am not/ are not/ is not) will / shall / can + Vo S + won’t / can’[.]
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 1: điều kiện xảy tương lai V1(s /es) / (am /is/are) will / shall / can + Vo If + S + S+ don’t / doesn’t + Vo (am not/ are not/ is not) won’t / can’t / shan’t + V1 EX: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car TYPE 2: điều kiện khơng có thật If + S + V2/-ed / (were) could / would/ should + Vo S+ didn’t + Vo / (weren’t) couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + Vo EX: If I were you, I would tell the truth TYPE 3: điều kiện khơng có thật q khứ had + V3/-ed If + S + could / would/ should + have + V3/-ed S+ hadn’t + V3 /-ed couldn’t / wouldn’t / shouldn’t + have + V3/-ed EX: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat - Note: Ta lược bỏ "If" phải đảo ngữ EX: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat - Unless = If … not - Đổi từ if sang unless: If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living = Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living IF UNLESS Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ mệnh đề đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề khơng thay đổi) UNLESS (TRỪ KHI) = IF NOT (NẾU KHÔNG) CÔNG DỤNG CÔNG THỨC CỦA CÔNG THỨC CỦA UNLESS MỆNH ĐỀ IF (PHỤ) - unless = if not Unless S + V1/s(es) ↔ If S + don’t / doesn’t + - unless dùng để thay mệnh Vo đề phụ câu điều kiện, mệnh đề Unless S + am, is, ↔ If S + am, is, are + not khơng đổi are - thay unless = if not Unless S + V2/ ed ↔ If S + didn’t + Vo hai vế đổi phải có dạng câu Unless S + were ↔ If S + weren’t điều kiện Unless S + had ↔ If S + hadn’t V3/ed - cấu trúc unless khơng bao V3/ed có dạng câu phủ định Unless S + had been ↔ If S + hadn’t been Examples : Unless you stay at your bed, you will be punished If you don’t stay at your bed, you will be punished Unless she drinks water, she will feel thirsty If she doesn’t drink beer, she will feel thirsty Unless they were absent now, they would meet the head master If they weren’t absent now, they would meet the head master Unless he cleaned up the car now, his boss could ask him to this If he didn’t clean up the car now, his boss could ask him to this Unless you had stayed at home yesterday, you wouldn’t have enjoyed a delicious meal If you hadn’t stayed at home yesterday, you wouldn’t have enjoyed a delicious meal Unless he had been busy last night, he could have met his friends If he hadn’t been busy last night, he could have met his friends Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster Unless If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam Unless Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause - If you don’t + V1, Clause - If you aren’t + …, Clause Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself -Go away or I will call the police If If - - Without: khơng có Without water, life wouldn’t exist = If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist - NỐI CÂU ĐƠN DÙNG “ IF” - Note: + Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai → loại + Diễn tả hành động xảy (động từ tại) → loại + Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ (động từ khứ) → loại EX: Hurry up or you will be late → If you don’t hurry, you will be late EX: She doesn’t have a car She doesn’t go out in the evening → If she had a car, she would go out in the evening EX: We cancelled the meeting because Peter didn’t come → If Peter had come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting → Had Peter come, we wouldn’t have cancelled the meeting GOOD LUCK Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences: He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If………………………………………………… She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam If………………………………………………………… He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If…………………………………………………………… He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If…………………………………………………………… She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If…………………………………………………………… I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If…………………………………………………………… He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If……………………………………………………………… We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If……………………………………………………………… Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If………………………………………………………………… 10.Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes => If…………………………………………………………………… 11.I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now => If I………… ………………………………… 12.I only come if they invite me => unless……………………………………………… 13.He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam => If he……………………………………………………… 14.The park is over there, only minutes’ walk => If you walk……………………………………………… 15.Leave me alone or I’ll call the police =>Unless…………………………………………………………………………… ……… 16.If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner => Should……………………………………………………………………………… 17.The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather => If it ……………………………………………………………………………… 18.He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now =>Had ……………………………………………………………………………… 19.You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you => Unless……………………………………………………………………………… 20.The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it => Were I……………………………………………………………………………… 21.He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage => If he……………………………………………………………………………… 22.Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once => If…………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form: If I see him , I _ (give ) him a gift If I had a typewriter, I _ (type) it myself If I had known that you were in hospital, I _ (visit) you You could make better progress if you _ (attend) class regularly If I _ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you If you _ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat If he worked more slowly, he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _ (be) you If I _ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight 10.A lot of people _ (be) out of work if the factory closed down Exercise 3: Make conditional sentences: Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up →If …………………………………………… … ……… Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.→ If …………………………………… ….…… I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.→ If …………………………………… ….…… I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.→ If …………………………………………….……… We got lost because we didn’t have a map.→ If …………………………………….…… …….…… Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes →…………………………………………… …… Without this treatment, the patient would have died →……………………………………….….… He lost his job because he was late every day →……………………………………………… …… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →…………………………………………………… … 10.Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes →……………………………… … Exercise 4: Use UNLESS instead of IF – IF instead of UNLESS EX: If you not study hard, you will fail the exam Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam If you not like this one, I’ll bring you another Unless……………………………………………… If she does not hurry, she’ll be late Unless ……………………………………………… If you are not careful, you’ll cut yourself Unless …………………………………………………… if you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there Unless …………………………………………………… You can’t run fast unless you try your best Because Tom is out, you don’t see him at home The boy wouldn’t go swimming unless the weather were nice Everything was tidy, so I felt pleasant We could have slept well unless the noise had been turned off 10.People hear you coming to my office They phone me 11.Unless you lived in the dormitory, you could annoy me 12.Ngoc didn’t save my kids from hot water because Ngoc was busy meeting his customers 13.Unless the student goes to school early, he will be punished 14 Minh doesn’t get rid of his job because he loves working with computers 15.Unless last night your sister had gone home early, your mother could have waited for her 16.Because my mother wasn’t here, I didn’t ask for some money 17.The dogs can’t bite you unless you touch them 18 The books are expensive I can’t buy them 19.I couldn’t think of myself unless I had some troubles 20.Harry Porter is an adventure film because it talks about the life and the discoveries of him 21.Her car wouldn’t have been broken yesterday unless she had driven fast 22.Hoa wrote to her parents She wanted to greet them 23.Unless people knew you, they wouldn’t give you some precious information 24.Because these projects were out of date, the manager looked uncomfortable 25.Unless the young girl stops smoking, she won’t be healthy 26 I don’t like cats because cats are fury 27.Unless ten years ago they had lived in USA, they couldn’t have been the citizens in this country 28 Tom didn’t join the camping I couldn’t persuade him to go with us 29.People can’t swim unless they study how to swim 30.Anne doesn’t attend the party because she wants to be alone 31.This department couldn’t be destroyed unless it built carefully 32 Susan agreed to go swimming because she liked water 33.Yesterday, I could have been injured unless I had seen a big container in the street 34 Sports make people healthy, so they exercise every morning 35.Unless you were me, you couldn’t understand me 36.We are the world We can co - operate one another 37.Unless this man is a driver, he can’t help you move by car 38 Dannis isn’t at home because he is on business 39.Unless they had been on the phone last night, they couldn’t have known the big secrets 40 Because man is the first person on Earth, he discovers the earth by hands and brain 41 You can’t join the club unless you are sick 42 Our picnic was passed easily because my mother helped me 43 Unless he refused everything, he would lose his family 44.Unless I saved my money, someone would take it 45 Because she wasn’t tired, she could go on running